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1. A New alpha5beta1 integrin-dependent survival pathway through GSK3beta activation in leukemic cells.

Author

Fabienne De Toni-Costes, Mathieu Despeaux, Jessica Bertrand, Ezzeddine Bourogaa, Loïc Ysebaert, Bernard Payrastre, and Claire Racaud-Sultan

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Cell survival mediated by integrin engagement has been implicated in cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance. We have recently demonstrated that the activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3beta) is a new pathway supporting the chemoresistance of leukemic cells adhered to fibronectin.We show here that in conditions of serum starvation, the fibronectin receptor alpha(5)beta(1) integrin, but not alpha(4)beta(1), induced activation of GSK3beta through Ser-9 dephosphorylation in adherent U937 cells. The GSK3beta-dependent survival pathway occurred in adherent leukemic cells from patients but not in the HL-60 and KG1 cell lines. In adhesion, activated GSK3beta was found in the cytosol/plasma membrane compartment and was co-immunoprecipitated with alpha(5) integrin, the phosphatase PP2A and the scaffolding protein RACK1. PP2A and its regulatory subunit B' regulated the Ser-9 phosphorylation of GSK3beta. In adherent leukemic cells, alpha(5)beta(1) integrin but not alpha(4)beta(1) upregulated the resistance to TNFalpha-induced apoptosis. Both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways were under the control of alpha(5)beta(1) and GSK3beta.Our data show that, upon serum starvation, alpha(5)beta(1) integrin engagement could regulate specific pro-survival functions through the activation of GSK3beta.

Published
2010
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2. Adult stromal cells derived from human adipose tissue provoke pancreatic cancer cell death both in vitro and in vivo.

Author

Beatrice Cousin, Emmanuel Ravet, Sandrine Poglio, Fabienne De Toni, Mélanie Bertuzzi, Hubert Lulka, Ismahane Touil, Mireille André, Jean-Louis Grolleau, Jean-Marie Péron, Jean-Pierre Chavoin, Philippe Bourin, Luc Pénicaud, Louis Casteilla, Louis Buscail, and Pierre Cordelier

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

BackgroundNormal tissue homeostasis is maintained by dynamic interactions between epithelial cells and their microenvironment. Disrupting this homeostasis can induce aberrant cell proliferation, adhesion, function and migration that might promote malignant behavior. Indeed, aberrant stromal-epithelial interactions contribute to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) spread and metastasis, and this raises the possibility that novel stroma-targeted therapies represent additional approaches for combating this malignant disease. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of human stromal cells derived from adipose tissue (ADSC) on pancreatic tumor cell proliferation.Principal findingsCo-culturing pancreatic tumor cells with ADSC and ADSC-conditioned medium sampled from different donors inhibited cancer cell viability and proliferation. ADSC-mediated inhibitory effect was further extended to other epithelial cancer-derived cell lines (liver, colon, prostate). ADSC conditioned medium induced cancer cell necrosis following G1-phase arrest, without evidence of apoptosis. In vivo, a single intra-tumoral injection of ADSC in a model of pancreatic adenocarcinoma induced a strong and long-lasting inhibition of tumor growth.ConclusionThese data indicate that ADSC strongly inhibit PDAC proliferation, both in vitro and in vivo and induce tumor cell death by altering cell cycle progression. Therefore, ADSC may constitute a potential cell-based therapeutic alternative for the treatment of PDAC for which no effective cure is available.

Published
2009
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3. Extracellular ATP and CD39 Activate cAMP-Mediated Mitochondrial Stress Response to Promote Cytarabine Resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Author

Margherita Ghisi, Jerome Tamburini, Marie Sabatier, Massimiliano Bardotti, Francisco Azuaje, Jean-Charles Portais, Christian Récher, Carine Joffre, Lucille Stuani, Pierre-Luc Mouchel, Camille Laurent, Marie-Laure Nicolau-Travers, Fetta Mazed, Claudie Bosc, Nathalie Nicot, Nesrine Aroua, Mathilde Gotanègre, Jean-Emmanuel Sarry, Estelle Saland, Clément Larrue, Floriant Bellvert, Fabienne De Toni, Latifa Jarrou, Mohsen Hosseini, Charlotte Syrykh, Ryan Gwilliam, François Vergez, Tony Kaoma, Sarah Gandarillas, Muriel Picard, Thomas Farge, Emeline Boet, Nathalie Bonnefoy, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole (IUCT Oncopole - UMR 1037), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Centre Régional d'Exploration Fonctionnelle et Ressources Expérimentales (CREFRE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Pôle Anesthésie Réanimation [CHU de Toulouse], Service d'anatomopathologie, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U1194 Inserm - UM), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Canceropole GSO 2014-E07, Région Auvergne-Rhone-AlpesRégion Bourgogne-Franche-ComteRégion Hauts-de-FranceRégion Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Fondation Toulouse Cancer Santé, Plan Cancer 2014-BioSys, Fondation ARC, Fondation de France, ANR-11-LABX-0068,TOUCAN,Analyse intégrée de la résistance dans les cancers hématologiques(2011), ANR-11-PHUC-0001,CAPTOR,Cancer et Pharmacologie : Projet de Toulouse-Oncopole et de sa Région(2011), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Rangueil Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Toulouse, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Cell, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Downregulation and upregulation, In vivo, Antigens, CD, hemic and lymphatic diseases, medicine, Humans, Ectonucleotidase, Cytotoxicity, business.industry, Apyrase, Cytarabine, Myeloid leukemia, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Mitochondria, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, Cell culture, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cancer research, Female, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Relapses driven by chemoresistant leukemic cell populations are the main cause of mortality for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we show that the ectonucleotidase CD39 (ENTPD1) is upregulated in cytarabine-resistant leukemic cells from both AML cell lines and patient samples in vivo and in vitro. CD39 cell-surface expression and activity is increased in patients with AML upon chemotherapy compared with diagnosis, and enrichment in CD39-expressing blasts is a marker of adverse prognosis in the clinics. High CD39 activity promotes cytarabine resistance by enhancing mitochondrial activity and biogenesis through activation of a cAMP-mediated adaptive mitochondrial stress response. Finally, genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of CD39 ecto-ATPase activity blocks the mitochondrial reprogramming triggered by cytarabine treatment and markedly enhances its cytotoxicity in AML cells in vitro and in vivo. Together, these results reveal CD39 as a new residual disease marker and a promising therapeutic target to improve chemotherapy response in AML. Significance: Extracellular ATP and CD39–P2RY13–cAMP–OxPHOS axis are key regulators of cytarabine resistance, offering a new promising therapeutic strategy in AML. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1426

Published
2020

4. Extracellular ATP and CD39 activate cAMP-mediated mitochondrial stress response to promote cytarabine resistance in acute myeloid leukemia

Author

Francisco Azuale, Margherita Ghisi, Fetta Mazed, Claudie Bosc, Marie-Laure Nicolau-Travers, François Vergez, Thomas Farge, Mathilde Gotanègre, Jean-Emmanuel Sarry, Jerome Tamburini, Nesrine Aroua, Clément Larrue, Jean-Charles Portais, Floriant Bellvert, Pierre-Luc Mouchel, Christian Récher, Massimiliano Bardotti, Fabienne De Toni, Camille Laurent, Emeline Boet, Marie Sabatier, Lucille Stuani, Nathalie Bonnefoy, Charlotte Syrykh, Ryan Gwilliam, Tony Kaoma, Latifa Jarrou, Sarah Gandarillas, Estelle Saland, Nathalie Nicot, and Mohsen Hosseini

Subjects
Chemotherapy, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Cell, Myeloid leukemia, medicine.anatomical_structure, Downregulation and upregulation, Cell culture, In vivo, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Cancer research, medicine, Cytarabine, business, Cytotoxicity, medicine.drug
Abstract

Relapses driven by chemoresistant leukemic cell populations are the main cause of mortality for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we show that the ectonucleotidase CD39 (ENTPD1) is upregulated in cytarabine (AraC)-resistant leukemic cells from both AML cell lines and patient samplesin vivoandin vitro. CD39 cell surface expression and activity is increased in AML patients upon chemotherapy compared to diagnosis and enrichment in CD39-expressing blasts is a marker of adverse prognosis in the clinics. High CD39 activity promotes AraC resistance by enhancing mitochondrial activity and biogenesis through activation of a cAMP-mediated response. Finally, genetic and pharmacological inhibition of CD39 eATPase activity blocks the mitochondrial reprogramming triggered by AraC treatment and markedly enhances its cytotoxicity in AML cellsin vitroandin vivo. Together, these results reveal CD39 as a new prognostic marker and a promising therapeutic target to improve chemotherapy response in AML.SIGNIFICANCEExtracellular ATP and CD39-cAMP-OxPHOS axis are key regulators of cytarabine resistance, offering a new promising therapeutic strategy in AML.

Published
2019

5. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutations prime the all-trans retinoic acid myeloid differentiation pathway in acute myeloid leukemia

Author

Sonia Zaghdoudi, Guangli Yang, Lara Gales, Mathilde Cathebas, François Vergez, Héléna Boutzen, François Delhommeau, Isabelle Jouanin, Marion David, Tony Kaoma, Ouathek Ouerfelli, Pierre Hirsch, Jean-Emmanuel Sarry, Lucille Stuani, Clément Larrue, Christophe Junot, Estelle Saland, Laurent Le Cam, Romain Riscal, Laetitia K. Linares, Jean-Charles Portais, Véronique De Mas-Mansat, Eric Delabesse, Laurent Vallar, Fabienne De Toni, Florence Castelli, Christian Recher, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service d'Hématologie [IUCT Toulouse], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole (IUCT Oncopole - UMR 1037), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments (LEMM), Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (MTS), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (MTS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U1194 Inserm - UM), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Organic Synthesis Core Facility [New York, NY, USA], Memorial Sloane Kettering Cancer Center [New York], Service d'hématologie clinique et de thérapie cellulaire [CHU Saint-Antoine], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire de biologie clinique [Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Henri Becquerel Normandie Rouen (CLCC Henri Becquerel), Service d'immunologie et hématologies biologiques [CHU Saint-Antoine], CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Analyse de Xénobiotiques, Identification, Métabolisme (E20 Metatoul-AXIOM), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-MetaToul-MetaboHUB, Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de recherche en cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U896 Inserm - UM1), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole (IUCT Oncopole - UMR 1037), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), This work was supported by grants from the French government under the program 'Investissement d'avenir' Cancer Pharmacology of Toulouse-Oncopole and Region (ANR-11-PHUC-001) and the project MET AML (INCA-2012-105), from the Fondation Innabiosante/Toulouse Cancer Santé, the Fondation ARC, the Association Laurette Fugain under the program RES IST AML, and the Association G.A.E.L. H. Boutzen was supported by the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FDT20140930983). F. de Toni had a fellowship from the Fondation de FranceWork at the Organic Synthesis Core is partially funded through National Cancer Institute Core grant P30 CA008748-48. MetaToul is supported by grants from the Région Midi-Pyrénées, the European Regional Development Fund, the SIC OVAL, the Infrastructures en Biologie Sante et Agronomie (France), the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)., ANR-11-PHUC-0001,CAPTOR,Cancer et Pharmacologie : Projet de Toulouse-Oncopole et de sa Région(2011), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service Hématologie - IUCT-Oncopole [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle IUCT [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), MetaToul AXIOM (E20), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INP - PURPAN), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-MetaboHUB-MetaToul, MetaboHUB-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-MetaboHUB-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (MTS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Genomics Research Unit, Ctr Rech Publ Sante, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé, Institut Régional du Cancer, Organic Synthesis Core Facility, Groupe de Recherche Clinique sur les Myéloproliférations Aiguës et Chroniques MYPAC, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), Pathologies biliaires, fibrose et cancer du foie (Inserm UMR_S 938), CHU Saint-Antoine [APHP]-Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CR Saint-Antoine), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), French government under the program 'Investissement d'avenir' Cancer Pharmacology of Toulouse-Oncopole and Region [ANR-11-PHUC-001], project MET AML [INCA-2012-105], Fondation Innabiosante/Toulouse Cancer Sante, Fondation ARC, Association Laurette Fugain under the program RES IST AML, Association G.A.E.L., Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale [FDT20140930983], Fondation de FranceWork at the Organic Synthesis Core through National Cancer Institute [P30 CA008748-48], Region Midi-Pyrenee s, European Regional Development Fund, SIC OVAL, Infrastructures en Biologie Sante et Agronomie (France), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [APHP], CRLCC Henri Becquerel-Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Henri Becquerel Normandie Rouen (CLCC Henri Becquerel)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), Service d'immunologie et hématologies biologiques [Saint-Antoine], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Saint-Antoine [APHP], Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), ANR-11-PHUC-0001/11-PHUC-0001,CAPTOR,Cancer et Pharmacologie : Projet de Toulouse-Oncopole et de sa Région(2011), Linares, Laetitia, Pôle hospitalier Universitaire Cancer (PHUC) - Cancer et Pharmacologie : Projet de Toulouse-Oncopole et de sa Région - - CAPTOR2011 - ANR-11-PHUC-0001 - PHUC - VALID, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-MetaboHUB-MetaToul, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
Male, gene set enrichment analysis, IDH, 0301 basic medicine, Myeloid, Abbreviations used: 2-HG, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Mutant, Retinoic acid, gene set enrich, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, NBT, AML, hemic and lymphatic diseases, retinoic acid, Immunology and Allergy, L-CFU, promyelocytic leukemia, ATRA, promyelocytic l, Research Articles, transcription factor, all-trans RA, BCL, Myeloid leukemia, Cell Differentiation, Isocitrate Dehydrogenase, Neoplasm Proteins, quantitative Ch, 3. Good health, chromatin immun, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, qPCR, Leukemia, Haematopoiesis, qChIP, medicine.anatomical_structure, Isocitrate dehydrogenase, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, 2-hydroxyglutar, TF, liquid chromato, α-KG, quantitative ChIP, IDH1, Cell Survival, Immunology, Mutation, Missense, ChIP, Mice, Nude, 2-hydroxyglutarate, HL-60 Cells, Tretinoin, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, chromatin immunoprecipitation, acute myeloid leukemia, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, nitrotetrazolium blue, quantitative PC, medicine, Animals, Humans, isocitrate de-, neoplasms, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, GSEA, nitrotetrazoliu, PML, Brief Definitive Report, LC/MS, transcription f, acute PML, medicine.disease, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, B cell lymphoma, APL, α-ketoglutarate, 030104 developmental biology, Amino Acid Substitution, chemistry, isocitrate de- hydrogenase, quantitative PCR, CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins, Cancer research, acute myeloid l, leukemic CFU, Blast Crisis, Abbreviations u, RA, Granulocytes
Abstract

Boutzen et al. show that the IDH1 mutation and its oncometabolite, (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate, dysregulate downstream target pathways of myeloid-specific TFs, especially CEBPα, priming mutant IDH1-R132H AML blasts to the granulomonocytic lineage., Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by the accumulation of malignant blasts with impaired differentiation programs caused by recurrent mutations, such as the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations found in 15% of AML patients. These mutations result in the production of the oncometabolite (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), leading to a hypermethylation phenotype that dysregulates hematopoietic differentiation. In this study, we identified mutant R132H IDH1-specific gene signatures regulated by key transcription factors, particularly CEBPα, involved in myeloid differentiation and retinoid responsiveness. We show that treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) at clinically achievable doses markedly enhanced terminal granulocytic differentiation in AML cell lines, primary patient samples, and a xenograft mouse model carrying mutant IDH1. Moreover, treatment with a cell-permeable form of 2-HG sensitized wild-type IDH1 AML cells to ATRA-induced myeloid differentiation, whereas inhibition of 2-HG production significantly reduced ATRA effects in mutant IDH1 cells. ATRA treatment specifically decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis of mutant IDH1 blasts in vitro. ATRA also reduced tumor burden of mutant IDH1 AML cells xenografted in NOD–Scid–IL2rγnull mice and markedly increased overall survival, revealing a potent antileukemic effect of ATRA in the presence of IDH1 mutation. This therapeutic strategy holds promise for this AML patient subgroup in future clinical studies.

Published
2016

6. Lymphatic Vasculature Requires Estrogen Receptor- Signaling to Protect From Lymphedema

Author

Anne-Catherine Prats, Françoise Lenfant, Frédéric Boudou, Raphaël Métivier, Charlotte Vaysse, Anne-Claire Godet, David Dubuc, Katia Grenier, Julie Guillermet-Guibert, Françoise Pujol, Florent Morfoisse, Eric Lacazette, Julie Malloizel-Delaunay, Nicole Therville, Benoit Chaput, Fabienne De Toni, Barbara Garmy-Susini, Florence Tatin, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole (IUCT Oncopole - UMR 1037), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Équipe Micro et nanosystèmes HyperFréquences Fluidiques (LAAS-MH2F), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Ligue Regionale Contre le Cancer [RPT15002BBA], foundation ARC pour la Recherche sur le Cancer [RAC15003BBA], IDEX Paul Sabatier Federal University [RGE14001BBA], Toulouse Cancer Sante Fondation, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, mice, medicine.drug_class, Secondary lymphedema, government.form_of_government, Estrogen receptor, lymphatic vessels, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Receptor, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Chemistry, lymphedema, endothelial cells, 3. Good health, Vascular endothelial growth factor, animals, Lymphatic Endothelium, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, Lymphatic system, Estrogen, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, government, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Tamoxifen, medicine.drug
Abstract

Objective— Estrogens exert beneficial effect on the blood vascular system. However, their role on the lymphatic system has been poorly investigated. We studied the protective effect of the 17β estradiol—the most potent endogenous estrogen—in lymphedema—a lymphatic dysfunction, which results in a massive fluid and fat accumulation in the limb. Approach and Results— Screening of DNA motifs able to mobilize ERs (estrogen receptors) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that estradiol promotes transcriptional activation of lymphangiogenesis-related gene expression including VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)-D, VEGFR (VEGF receptor)-3, lyve-1, and HASs (hyaluronan synthases). Using an original model of secondary lymphedema, we observed a protective effect of estradiol on lymphedema by reducing dermal backflow—a representative feature of the pathology. Blocking ERα by tamoxifen—the selective estrogen modulator—led to a remodeling of the lymphatic network associated with a strong lymphatic leakage. Moreover, the protection of lymphedema by estradiol treatment was abrogated by the endothelial deletion of the receptor ERα in Tie2-Cre; ERα lox/lox mice, which exhibit dilated lymphatic vessels. This remodeling correlated with a decrease in lymphangiogenic gene expression. In vitro, blocking ERα by tamoxifen in lymphatic endothelial cells decreased cell–cell junctions, inhibited migration and sprouting, and resulted in an inhibition of Erk but not of Akt phosphorylation. Conclusions— Estradiol protection from developing lymphedema is mediated by an activation of its receptor ERα and is antagonized by tamoxifen. These findings reveal a new facet of the estrogen influence in the management of the lymphatic system and provide more evidence that secondary lymphedema is worsened by hormone therapy.

Published
2018

7. Chemotherapy-resistant human acute myeloid leukemia cells are not enriched for leukemic stem cells but require oxidative metabolism

Author

François Vergez, Marine Fraisse, Nicolas Broin, Thomas Farge, Robin L. Perry, Jean-Emmanuel Sarry, Audrey Sarry, Suzanne Tavitian, Stéphanie Cassant-Sourdy, Mayumi Sugita, Laetitia K. Linares, Jason S. Iacovoni, Claudie Bosc, Olivier Duchamp, Gwenn Danet-Desnoyers, Fabienne De Toni, Sarah J. Scotland, Y Barreira, Pierre Hirsch, Emmanuel Griessinger, Estelle Saland, Camille Montersino, Rémy Castellano, Héléna Boutzen, Nizar Serhan, Laurent Vallar, Martin Carroll, Christian Recher, Moshen Hosseini, Yves Collette, Lara Gales, François Delhommeau, Marion David, Marie-Laure Nicolau-Travers, Jean-Charles Portais, Nesrine Aroua, Lucille Stuani, Clément Larrue, Tony Kaoma, Tony Lionel Palama, Mary A. Selak, Barbara Garmy-Susini, Virginie Féliu, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole (IUCT Oncopole - UMR 1037), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Oncology, University Hospital-Hälsouniversitetet Universitetssjukhuset, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U1194 Inserm - UM), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), U1065 Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis (UNSA), Oncodesign, UMS006 Service d'Experimentation Animale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-S938 CDR Saint-Antoine, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Service d'Hématologie [IUCT Toulouse], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole (IUCT Oncopole - UMR 1037), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Fondation ARC [SFI20121205478], Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN) [ANR11-LABEX], Programme Hospitalo-Universitaire en Cancerologie (CAPTOR) [ANR11-PHUC0001], INCA [PLBIO 2012-105], Veterans Affairs Administration [1I01BX000918-01], NIH [1R01CA149566-01A1], Métabolisme Plasticité et Mitochondrie [lié à l'ex IFR 31] (LMPM), IFR 31 Louis Bugnard (IFR 31), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Equipe 11-E.Moyal/C.Toulas, Laboratoire de chimie de coordination (LCC), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de biologie clinique [Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-CRLCC Henri Becquerel-Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Henri Becquerel Normandie Rouen (CLCC Henri Becquerel), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Institut de médecine moléculaire de Rangueil (I2MR), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IFR150-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre méditerranéen de médecine moléculaire (C3M), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Oncodesign Inc., Oncodesign Biotechnology®, Service d'hématologie clinique et de thérapie cellulaire [CHU Saint-Antoine], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [APHP], Centre Européen de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très Hauts Champs (CERMNTHC), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Service d'immunologie et hématologies biologiques [Saint-Antoine], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Saint-Antoine [APHP], Service d'hématologie, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Henri Becquerel Normandie Rouen (CLCC Henri Becquerel)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Oncodesign [Dijon], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service d'immunologie et hématologies biologiques [CHU Saint-Antoine], CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Pennsylvania, Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Henri Becquerel Normandie Rouen (CLCC Henri Becquerel), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées- Institut Fédératif de Recherche Bio-médicale Institution (IFR150)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service Hématologie - IUCT-Oncopole [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle IUCT [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Linares, Laetitia, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)- Institut Fédératif de Recherche Bio-médicale Institution (IFR150)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
CD36 Antigens, 0301 basic medicine, Myeloid, cancerologie, Mitochondrion, human health, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Mice, pharmacotherapy, 0302 clinical medicine, protéine mitochondriale, chimiothérapie, leucemie, Cytarabine, leukemia, Myeloid leukemia, santé humaine, Mitochondria, 3. Good health, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, Leukemia, medicine.anatomical_structure, Biochemistry, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, oncologie, oncology, Neoplastic Stem Cells, Stem cell, medicine.drug, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Downregulation and upregulation, Cell Line, Tumor, medicine, Animals, Humans, Cell Lineage, chimiothérapie, oncologie, cancerologie, approche thérapeutique, leucemie, protéine mitochondriale, santé humaine, approche thérapeutique, medicine.disease, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, carbohydrates (lipids), 030104 developmental biology, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Cell culture, Cancer research, pharmacotherapy, oncology, leukemia, human health, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

Chemotherapy-resistant human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells are thought to be enriched in quiescent immature leukemic stem cells (LSC). To validate this hypothesis in vivo, we developed a clinically relevant chemotherapeutic approach treating patient-derived xenografts (PDX) with cytarabine (AraC). AraC residual AML cells are enriched in neither immature, quiescent cells nor LSCs. Strikingly, AraC-resistant preexisting and persisting cells displayed high levels of reactive oxygen species, showed increased mitochondrial mass, and retained active polarized mitochondria, consistent with a high oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) status. AraC residual cells exhibited increased fatty-acid oxidation, upregulated CD36 expression, and a high OXPHOS gene signature predictive for treatment response in PDX and patients with AML. High OXPHOS but not low OXPHOS human AML cell lines were chemoresistant in vivo. Targeting mitochondrial protein synthesis, electron transfer, or fatty-acid oxidation induced an energetic shift toward low OXPHOS and markedly enhanced antileukemic effects of AraC. Together, this study demonstrates that essential mitochondrial functions contribute to AraC resistance in AML and are a robust hallmark of AraC sensitivity and a promising therapeutic avenue to treat AML residual disease. Significance: AraC-resistant AML cells exhibit metabolic features and gene signatures consistent with a high OXPHOS status. In these cells, targeting mitochondrial metabolism through the CD36–FAO–OXPHOS axis induces an energetic shift toward low OXPHOS and strongly enhanced antileukemic effects of AraC, offering a promising avenue to design new therapeutic strategies and fight AraC resistance in AML. Cancer Discov; 7(7); 716–35. ©2017 AACR. See related commentary by Schimmer, p. 670. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 653

Published
2017

8. In situ production of innate immune cells in murine white adipose tissue

Author

Vilma Barroca, Béatrice Cousin, Fabienne De Toni, Daniel Lewandowski, Patrick Laharrague, Louis Casteilla, Sandrine Poglio, Adeline Minot, and Emmanuelle Arnaud

Subjects
Male, Myeloid, Adipose Tissue, White, Immunology, Biology, Biochemistry, In utero transplantation, Mice, Immune system, medicine, Animals, Antigens, Ly, Myeloid Cells, Lymphocytes, Progenitor cell, Innate immune system, Membrane Proteins, nutritional and metabolic diseases, food and beverages, Cell Differentiation, Cell Biology, Hematology, Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Immunity, Innate, Killer Cells, Natural, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit, Haematopoiesis, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, Bone marrow, Stem cell, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists
Abstract

White adipose tissue (WAT) is the focus of new interest because of the presence of an abundant and complex immune cell population that is involved in key pathologies such as metabolic syndrome. Based on in vivo reconstitution assays, it is thought that these immune cells are derived from the bone marrow (BM). However, previous studies have shown that WAT exhibits specific hematopoietic activity exerted by an unknown subpopulation of cells. In the present study, we prospectively isolated a peculiar hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell population from murine WAT. The cells are phenotypically similar to BM hematopoietic stem cells and are able to differentiate into both myeloid and lymphoid lineages in vitro. In competitive repopulation assays in vivo, they reconstituted the innate immune compartment in WAT preferentially and more efficiently than BM cells, but did not reconstitute hematopoietic organs. They were also able to give rise to multilineage engraftment in both secondary recipients and in utero transplantation. Therefore, we propose that WAT hematopoietic cells constitute a population of immature cells that are able to renew innate immune cell populations. Considering the amount of WAT in adults, our results suggest that WAT hematopoietic activity controls WAT inflammatory processes and also supports innate immune responses in other organs.

Published
2012

9. Human Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells Efficiently Support Hematopoiesis In Vitro and In Vivo: A Key Step for Therapeutic Studies

Author

Philippe Bourin, Françoise Pflumio, Béatrice Cousin, Fabienne De Toni, Patrick Laharrague, Louis Casteilla, Sandrine Poglio, and Aissa Ben Youcef

Subjects
Adult, Male, Stromal cell, Adipose tissue, Antigens, CD34, Biology, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation, Subcutaneous fat, Mice, In vivo, medicine, Animals, Humans, Cell Lineage, Aged, Cell Proliferation, Aged, 80 and over, Mesenchymal stem cell, Cell Differentiation, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Cell Biology, Hematology, Middle Aged, Hematopoietic Stem Cells, In vitro, Hematopoiesis, Haematopoiesis, medicine.anatomical_structure, Adipose Tissue, Immunology, Cancer research, Female, Bone marrow, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) are close relatives of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs). The ease of access to subcutaneous fat pad and the abundance of stromal precursors make fat tissue an attractive source of stromal cells for clinicians. However, their ability to support hematopoietic stem cells in vitro and in vivo has not been established definitively. Thus, their usefulness in supporting hematopoietic stem cell engraftment is not as clear as with BM-MSCs. In this article, we show that human ADSCs, cultured with a good manufacturing practice medium, maintain in vitro human early and committed hematopoietic progenitors and support their complete differentiation toward myeloid and lymphoid lineages. Compared with BM-MSCs, ADSCs elicit a more precocious early progenitor formation and faster proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors. Further, in vivo, when co-injected in NOD.Cg-Prkdc(scid) Il2(rgtm1Wjl)/SzJ (NSG) mice with a low number of human CD34(+) cells, ADSCs enabled the higher production of immature human hematopoietic progenitors and CD45(+) cells when compared with BM-MSCs. As a whole, our results indicate that human ADSCs, isolated and expanded under clinical-grade conditions, support hematopoiesis in vitro and in vivo and thus provide the rationale for their use in supporting hematopoietic reconstitution in clinical settings.

Published
2011

10. Adipose Tissue as a Dedicated Reservoir of Functional Mast Cell Progenitors

Author

Louis Casteilla, Béatrice Cousin, Fabienne De Toni-Costes, Emmanuelle Arnaud, Patrick Laharrague, Sandrine Poglio, and Eric Espinosa

Subjects
Male, Adipose Tissue, White, Adipose tissue macrophages, Population, Adipose tissue, White adipose tissue, Biology, Mice, Immune system, medicine, Animals, Cell Lineage, Mast Cells, Progenitor cell, education, Cells, Cultured, education.field_of_study, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Stem Cells, Cell Differentiation, Cell Biology, Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Mast cell, Cell biology, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Haematopoiesis, medicine.anatomical_structure, Adipose Tissue, Immunology, Molecular Medicine, Female, Developmental Biology
Abstract

White adipose tissue (WAT) is a heterogeneous tissue, found in various locations throughout the body, containing mature adipocytes and the stroma-vascular fraction (SVF). The SVF includes a large proportion of immune hematopoietic cells, among which, mast cells that contribute to diet-induced obesity. In this study, we asked whether mast cells present in mice adipose tissue could derive from hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) identified in the tissue. We therefore performed both in vitro and in vivo experiments dedicated to monitoring the progeny of WAT-derived HSPC. The entire study was conducted in parallel with bone marrow-derived cells, considered the gold standard for hematopoietic-lineage studies. Here, we demonstrate that adipose-derived HSPC contain a precursor-cell population committed to the mast cell lineage, and able to efficiently home to peripheral organs such as intestine and skin, where it acquires properties of functional tissue mast cells. Additionally, WAT contains a significant mast cell progenitor population, suggesting that the entire mast cell lineage process take place in WAT. Considering the quantitative importance of WAT in the adult organism and the increasing roles recently assigned to mast cells in physiopathology, WAT may represent an important source of mast cells in physiological and pathological situations.

Published
2010

11. Cell Adhesion Regulates CDC25A Expression and Proliferation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Author

Gregoire Prevost, Loic Ysebaert, Stéphane Manenti, Christine Didier, Marie-Odile Contour-Galcera, Bernard Payrastre, Anne Fernandez-Vidal, Remy Betous, Cécile Demur, Claire Racaud-Sultan, Bernard Ducommun, Fabienne De Toni, Nais Prade-Houdellier, Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire du Contrôle de la Prolifération (LBCMCP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Hématologie [Purpan], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Institut Henri Beaufour (IPSEN), IPSEN-BEAUFOUR, and Manenti, Stéphane

Subjects
Cancer Research, Small interfering RNA, MESH: Leukemia, Myeloid, Jurkat Cells, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: cdc25 Phosphatases, MESH: RNA, Small Interfering, MESH: Fibronectins, MESH: Up-Regulation, MESH: Jurkat Cells, RNA, Small Interfering, 0303 health sciences, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases, MESH: Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex, Myeloid leukemia, U937 Cells, Up-Regulation, Leukemia, Haematopoiesis, Oncology, Leukemia, Myeloid, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Acute Disease, MESH: Cell Growth Processes, MESH: Acute Disease, Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex, HL-60 Cells, Cell Growth Processes, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, MESH: U937 Cells, Biology, MESH: Cell Adhesion, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: HL-60 Cells, Cell Adhesion, medicine, Humans, cdc25 Phosphatases, RNA, Messenger, Cell adhesion, MESH: Protein Kinases, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, MESH: RNA, Messenger, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, Cell growth, MESH: 1-Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, medicine.disease, Fibronectins, Fibronectin, Checkpoint Kinase 1, Cancer research, biology.protein, Protein Kinases
Abstract

The effects of cell adhesion on leukemia cell proliferation remain poorly documented and somehow controversial. In this work, we investigated the effect of adhesion to fibronectin on the proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines (U937 and KG1a) and CD34+ normal or leukemic primary cells. We observed an increased rate of proliferation of AML cells when adhered to fibronectin, concomitant with accelerated S-phase entry and accumulation of CDC25A. Conversely, normal CD34+ cell proliferation was decreased by adhesion to fibronectin with a concomitant drop in CDC25A expression. Importantly, we showed that both small interfering RNA (siRNA)–mediated CDC25A down-regulation and a recently developed CDC25 pharmacologic inhibitor impaired this adhesion-dependent proliferation, establishing a functional link between CDC25A accumulation and adhesion-dependent proliferation in leukemic cells. CDC25A accumulation was found only slightly dependent on transcriptional regulation and essentially due to modifications of the proteasomal degradation of the protein as shown using proteasome inhibitors and reverse transcription-PCR. Interestingly, CDC25A regulation was Chk1 dependent in these cells as suggested by siRNA-mediated down-regulation of this protein. Finally, we identified activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway as an adhesion-dependent regulation mechanism of CDC25A protein expression. Altogether, our data show that in leukemic cells adhesion to fibronectin increases CDC25A expression through proteasome- and Chk1-dependent mechanisms, resulting in enhanced proliferation. They also suggest that these adhesion-dependent proliferation properties of hematopoietic cells may be modified during leukemogenesis. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(14): 7128-35)

Published
2006

12. Focal adhesion kinase splice variants maintain primitive acute myeloid leukemia cells through altered wnt signaling

Author

Véronique Mansat-De Mas, Fabienne De Toni-Costes, Gaëtan Chicanne, Jessica Bertrand, Connie J. Eaves, Mathieu Despeaux, Claire Racaud-Sultan, Jean-Antoine Girault, Evelyne Rouer, Nathalie Vergnolle, Bernard Payrastre, Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut du Fer à Moulin, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Laboratoire d'Hématologie [Purpan], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency (BCCRC), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service Hématologie - IUCT-Oncopole [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle IUCT [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan ex IFR 30 et IFR 150 (CPTP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Simon, Marie Francoise

Subjects
Male, Transcriptional Activation, Myeloid, CD34, Antigens, CD34, [SDV.GEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Biology, Transfection, Disease-Free Survival, Wnt-5a Protein, Focal adhesion, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, medicine, Humans, Phosphorylation, RNA, Small Interfering, beta Catenin, 030304 developmental biology, Aged, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Wnt signaling pathway, Myeloid leukemia, Cell Biology, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Survival Analysis, Frizzled Receptors, 3. Good health, Isoenzymes, Wnt Proteins, Leukemia, Haematopoiesis, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-6, Cancer research, Molecular Medicine, Female, Stem cell, Developmental Biology, Signal Transduction
Abstract

International audience; Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activity contributes to many advanced cancer phenotypes, but little is known about its role in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we show that FAK splice variants are abnormally expressed in the primitive leukemic cells of poor prognosis AML patients. In the CD34(+) 38(-) 123(+) long-term culture-initiating cell-enriched leukemic cells of these patients, FAK upregulates expression of Frizzled-4 and phosphorylates Pyk2 to enable the required association of Pyk2 with the Wnt5a/Frizzled-4/LRP5 endocytosis complex and downstream activation of β-catenin, thereby replacing the Wnt3a-controlled canonical pathway used by normal hematopoietic stem cells. Transduction of primitive normal human hematopoietic cells with FAK splice variants induces a marked increase in their clonogenic activity and signaling via the Wnt5a-controlled canonical pathway. Targeting FAK or β-catenin efficiently eradicates primitive leukemic cells in vitro suggesting that FAK could be a useful therapeutic target for improved treatment of poor prognosis AML cases. STEM CELLS2012;30:1597-1610.

Published
2012

13. In Vivo Response to Cytarabine Chemotherapy Uncovers the Role of the Oxidative and Energetic Metabolism in the Chemoresistance of Human Primary AML Stem Cells

Author

Gwenn Danet, François Vergez, Robin Carson, Jean-Emmanuel Sarry, Mayumi Sugita, Fabienne de Toni, Estelle Saland, Martin Carroll, Nesrine Aroua, and Christian Recher

Subjects
Chemotherapy, medicine.medical_treatment, Immunology, Myeloid leukemia, Cell Biology, Hematology, Gene signature, Biology, Stem cell marker, Biochemistry, Immune system, In vivo, Cytarabine, medicine, Cancer research, Stem cell, medicine.drug
Abstract

Resistant cells to conventional chemotherapy - which targets DNA synthesis - are thought to be rare and enriched in quiescent leukemic stem cells (LSCs) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In order to develop an improved understanding of chemotherapy resistance in AML, we analyzed the response to cytarabine (Ara-C) in our xenograft model with 20 primary AML patient specimens from two clinical sites. After demonstrating AML engraftment, mice are treated with Ara-C given IP daily for 5 days as a single agent at 60 mg/kg daily, which correlates with human dosing. In all mice treated with this regimen, there was a 4- to 46-fold cytoreductive effect at 1 week post-treatment. While in vivo Ara-C treatment induces changes in CD34pos CD38pos/neg phenotypes of 50% of AML-engrafted mice, this treatment does not induce any significant changes in cell cycle distribution and does not enrich in G0 quiescent cells in AML-engrafted mice. Surprisingly we observed that Ara-C induces a decrease or no change in the frequency of SL-ICs (control, 1:2,500-21,900 versus Ara-C, 1:4,500-34,200), suggesting that Ara-C would not spare LSCs in vivo and equally kills both cycling and quiescent cells. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis of Ara-C residual leukemic cells (RLCs) from three different patient-derived xenografts confirmed that RLCs are not enriched in stem cell marker genes at 1 week post-treatment. However, our gene signature of the in vivo AML resistance is enriched in genes involved in inflammatory, immune and stress response. When tested in three independent AML cohorts (Verhaak et al. 2009; TGCA, 2011; Metzeler et al. 2011), this signature is associated with an unfavorable prognosis in patients treated with intensive chemotherapy. Finally we have shown that RLCs are PIMOpos cells with both high ROS content and active mitochondrial mass and membrane potential in AraC-treated xenografted mice compared to control mice. Accordingly, AML cells exhibiting high OXPHOS energetic phenotype are resistant to Ara-C chemotherapy in vivo while low OXPHOS AML cells are sensitive to AraC in NSG mice. Altogether these results suggest a novel model of cytarabine chemotherapy resistance in AML based on the oxidative and mitochondrial energy metabolism in vivo. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Published
2015

14. The Combination of ATRA and Dasatinib for Differentiation Therapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemias with IDH Mutations

Author

Lara Gales, Thomas Farge, Jean-Charles Portais, Jean-Emmanuel Sarry, Mathilde Cathebras, Helena Boutzen, Ouathek Ouerfelli, Fabienne de Toni, Nizar Serhan, Estelle Saland, François Vergez, Marion David, Demas Veronique, Yang Guangli, Florence Castelli, Eric Delabesse, Christophe Junot, Clément Larrue, and Christian Recher

Subjects
Mutation, Myeloid, Immunology, Mutant, Myeloid leukemia, Cell Biology, Hematology, Pharmacology, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Biochemistry, Dasatinib, medicine.anatomical_structure, LYN, Apoptosis, Differentiation therapy, hemic and lymphatic diseases, medicine, Cancer research, neoplasms, medicine.drug
Abstract

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by the accumulation of malignant blasts with impaired differentiation programs due to recurrent mutations, amongst which IDH mutations occur in 15% of AML patients. Here, we show both in vitro as well as in a xenografted mouse model, that clinically achievable doses of ATRA are sufficient to achieve a terminal granulocytic differentiation in primary AML samples and in AML cell lines harboring IDH1-R132H mutation. There is no effect at this concentration on the WT controls. This is associated with reduction of both proliferation and colony formation, and further leads to apoptosis, thereby improving overall survival of mutant xenografted mice. We further showed, through transcriptomic and western blot analysis, that specific ATRA sensitivity is due to overexpression and activation of C/EBPα in the presence of IDH1-R132H mutation. This primes blasts into myeloid differentiation. Moreover, IDH1 R132H mutation also reduces LYN activation, and thus, also sensitizes to clinically achievable doses of dasatinib, a LYN inhibitor. As ATRA induces a brief LYN activation, which transiently reduces ATRA activity, its combination with dasatinib synergistically increases differentiation. In vivo, the combination of ATRA and dasatinib reduces tumor growth of mutant xenografted mice. The combination ATRA and dasatinib might also be considered for other IDH mutations that produce 2-hydroxyglutarate, since treatment with the mutant-specific oncometabolite (eg. 2-hydroxyglutarate) sensitizes AML cells to ATRA and dasatinib-induced differentiation. Finally, ATRA also reduces BCL2 expression specifically in the presence of IDH1 R132H mutation. Since it has been shown that IDH mutations increase BCL2 dependence in leukemic cells, our results identified a subgroup of patients that is likely to respond to pharmacologic concentrations of ATRA. To conclude, our data provide the preclinical rationale for investigating the use of the combination ATRA and dasatinib in a subgroup of patients who carry IDH1 R132H mutation, in clinical trials. The addition of a BCL2 inhibitor such as ABT-199 would also be considered. Disclosures Off Label Use: ATRA and dasatinib for treatment of non APL AML. Recher:Celgene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Sunesis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Research Funding; Chugai: Research Funding.

Published
2015

15. Adult stromal cells derived from human adipose tissue provoke pancreatic cancer cell death both in vitro and in vivo

Author

Louis Buscail, Emmanuel Ravet, Jean-Marie Péron, Philippe Bourin, Ismahane Touil, Sandrine Poglio, Louis Casteilla, Mélanie Bertuzzi, Mireille André, Jean-Louis Grolleau, Jean-Pierre Chavoin, Pierre Cordelier, Fabienne De Toni, Hubert Lulka, Béatrice Cousin, Luc Pénicaud, Métabolisme Plasticité et Mitochondrie [lié à l'ex IFR 31] (LMPM), IFR 31 Louis Bugnard (IFR 31), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de médecine moléculaire de Rangueil (I2MR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IFR150-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Chirurgie plastique, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Laboratoire de thérapie cellulaire (EFS-PM), Etablissement Français du Sang, This work has been supported by grants from Region Midi-Pyrenees, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer and Cancrople Grand Sud-Ouest (EMERGEANCE)., Développement et Communication Chimique chez les Insectes ( DCCI ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Simon, Marie Francoise, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées- Institut Fédératif de Recherche Bio-médicale Institution (IFR150)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service Chirurgie plastique - brûlés [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Urologie - Néphrologie - Dialyse - Transplantations - Brûlés - Chirurgie plastique - Explorations fonctionnelles et physiologiques [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Développement et Communication Chimique chez les Insectes (DCCI), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Adult, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Stromal cell, Science, Cell, Oncology/Gastrointestinal Cancers, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Biology, Adenocarcinoma, Metastasis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Pancreatic tumor, Pancreatic cancer, Cell Line, Tumor, medicine, Humans, 030304 developmental biology, Cell Proliferation, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Cell Death, Cell growth, G1 Phase, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, Coculture Techniques, 3. Good health, Pancreatic Neoplasms, medicine.anatomical_structure, Adipose Tissue, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Culture Media, Conditioned, Cancer cell, Cancer research, Physiology/Integrative Physiology, Medicine, Stromal Cells, Research Article
Abstract

1932-6203 (Electronic) Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; International audience; BACKGROUND: Normal tissue homeostasis is maintained by dynamic interactions between epithelial cells and their microenvironment. Disrupting this homeostasis can induce aberrant cell proliferation, adhesion, function and migration that might promote malignant behavior. Indeed, aberrant stromal-epithelial interactions contribute to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) spread and metastasis, and this raises the possibility that novel stroma-targeted therapies represent additional approaches for combating this malignant disease. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of human stromal cells derived from adipose tissue (ADSC) on pancreatic tumor cell proliferation. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Co-culturing pancreatic tumor cells with ADSC and ADSC-conditioned medium sampled from different donors inhibited cancer cell viability and proliferation. ADSC-mediated inhibitory effect was further extended to other epithelial cancer-derived cell lines (liver, colon, prostate). ADSC conditioned medium induced cancer cell necrosis following G1-phase arrest, without evidence of apoptosis. In vivo, a single intra-tumoral injection of ADSC in a model of pancreatic adenocarcinoma induced a strong and long-lasting inhibition of tumor growth. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that ADSC strongly inhibit PDAC proliferation, both in vitro and in vivo and induce tumor cell death by altering cell cycle progression. Therefore, ADSC may constitute a potential cell-based therapeutic alternative for the treatment of PDAC for which no effective cure is available.

Published
2009

16. Dendrogenin_A : A Natural Liver X Receptor Modulator for the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Author

Philippe de Medina, François Vergez, Christian Recher, Fabienne de Toni, Clément Larrue, Jean-Emmanuel Sarry, Marc Poirot, Cécile Bize, Marion David, Cécile Demur, Michael R. Paillasse, Sandrine Silvente-Poirot, Estelle Saland, Emmanuel Noguer, Nizar Serhan, and Julia Cherier

Subjects
Myeloid, business.industry, Immunology, CD34, Myeloid leukemia, Cell Biology, Hematology, medicine.disease, Biochemistry, Leukemia, Haematopoiesis, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine, Cancer research, Cytotoxic T cell, Bone marrow, Progenitor cell, business
Abstract

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is the most common type of leukemia in adults. Despite intensive research, current treatments remain unsatisfactory with only 40% of younger (60 years) AML patients achieving long-term complete remission. Consequently, drugs with novel mechanism of action are urgently needed to improve the outcome of these patients. We have recently identified Dendrogenin A (DDA) as a cholesterol metabolite present in normal cells but undetectable in various cancer cell lines including AML (de Medina et al, Nat Commun, 2013). DDA, the first steroidal alkaloid identified in mammals, exhibited strong anticancer effects against different tumor models in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we investigated the antileukemic potency of DDA in AML. We demonstrated that DDA exerts potent cytotoxic effect in a large panel of AML cell lines and cytogenetically and molecularly diverse primary AML patient samples (n=50) with a median IC50 of 3.3 µM (range 1.2-10 µM). We determined that DDA triggers both apoptosis and cytotoxic autophagy on AML cells. Macroautophagy was characterized by the accumulation of autophagic vacuoles and the stimulation of autophagic flux. As opposed to conventional chemotherapies, the antileukemic effect of DDA was similarly efficient in both immature stem/progenitor CD34+CD38-CD123+ subpopulation and leukemic bulk. Interestingly, the antileukemic activity of DDA on AML patient samples was not correlated to usual prognostic factors such as adverse cytogenetic risk karyotype, clonogenic ability, white blood cells count and FLT3-ITD or NPM status. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that both per os (PO) and intraperitoneal (IP) administration led to a good absorption with calculated bioavailability of 74% (PO) and 48% (IP), showing that these modes of administration are relevant to in vivo preclinical studies. We then examined the in vivo anti-leukemic efficacy of DDA in NOD/SCID mice injected subcutaneously with HL60 and KG1 cells. We demonstrated that daily administration of DDA (20 mg/kg IP or 40 mg/kg PO) significantly reduced KG1 and HL60 tumor growth. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that AML xenografts from mice exposed to DDA display a 3.5 fold increase of LC3 punctated cells and a decreased P62 level highlighting that DDA induces autophagy in vivo. Furthermore, DDA significantly kills AML cells in bone marrow and brain (55±5.6% reduction of viable CD45+ cells), and strongly reduces (57±7.8%) the total cell tumor burden in bone marrow and spleen in established disease models (eg. orthotopically engraftment of HL60 cells and three primary AML patient cells via tail vein injection in NOD/SCID/IL2Rγc-deficient mice). In addition, we showed that DDA is well tolerated in mice at effective dose and spares normal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from healthy donor. Mechanistic studies revealed that DDA is a natural modulator of the Liver X Receptor (LXR), a nuclear receptor involved in cholesterol homeostasis, immunity and proliferation. We found that the silencing of LXRβ gene prevents the capacity of DDA to trigger both cell death and autophagy on AML cells in vitro. In addition, DDA failed to block tumor development and to trigger autophagy on LXRβ-invalidated KG1 cells xenografted on NOD/SCID mice. Moreover, DDA strongly stimulates the expression of the myeloid leukemogenesis tumor suppressors Nur77 and Nor1 through an LXRβ-dependent mechanism. Interestingly, DDA triggers the relocation of Nur77 to the mitochondria, a process associated with both apoptosis and autophagic cell death. This study provides a strong rationale to bring DDA in clinical trials for patients with AML. Disclosures de Medina: Affichem: Employment. Bize:Affichem: Employment. Paillasse:Affichem: Employment. Noguer:Affichem: Employment. Sarry:Affichem: Equity Ownership. Silvente-Poirot:Affichem: Equity Ownership. Poirot:Affichem: Equity Ownership.

Published
2014

17. Abstract 2678: All-trans-retinoic acid as a new therapeutic approach to target isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations in acute myeloid leukemia

Author

Lara Gales, Christophe Junot, Jean-Emmanuel Sarry, Virginie Penard-Lacronique, Helena Boutzen, Veronique De Mas, Christian Recher, Florence Castelli, Eric Delabesse, Fabienne de Toni, Cécile Demur, Stéphane Manenti, Jean-Charles Portais, Estelle Saland, and Stéphane de Botton

Subjects
Cancer Research, Mutation, IDH1, Mutant, Retinoic acid, Cancer, Myeloid leukemia, CD15, Biology, medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, chemistry.chemical_compound, Isocitrate dehydrogenase, Oncology, chemistry, Immunology, medicine, Cancer research
Abstract

Mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2 (IDH1/2) occur in about 15% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, and lead to the production of an oncometabolite, the 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). Importantly, many clinical studies demonstrated that IDH1/2 mutations are systematically conserved at relapse, suggesting that this mutated enzyme could contribute to early leukemogenesis. In an effort to identify therapy specifically targeting IDH1 R132H mutated blasts, we developed an AML cell line model carrying IDH1 R132H mutation. We first stably transduced HL60 cell line to establish clones carrying either empty vector, IDH1 WT gene or IDH1-R132H mutated gene. We then characterized these clones with different features including 2-HG production. Since demethylation of many genes involved in the retinol metabolism is impaired by IDH1-R132H mutation and because all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a retinol metabolite, is already used in clinic, we studied its effects on IDH1-R132H mutated AML cells. Here, we showed on our transduced models as well as on primary AML patient samples (n=6), that AML blasts harboring IDH1-R132H mutation were highly sensitive to low doses of ATRA, compared to the IDH1 WT. In fact, IDH1-R132H mutation sensitized to ATRA-induced differentiation, as shown by increased expression of the differentiation marker CD11b and morphological changes evidenced with May-Grünwald-Giemsa staining. This was followed by changes of CD14 and CD15 expression, as well as granulocytic enzymatic activity measured with the nitroblue tetrazolium reduction assay. This terminal granulocytic differentiation came with the reduction of proliferation and colony formation, and then, quickly led to apoptosis of IDH1 R132H mutated AML cells. Moreover, we showed that the level of differentiation of IDH1 R132H mutated models was correlated to the magnitude of IDH1-R132H protein expression and thus to the 2-HG production. We further demonstrated that treatment with a cell-permeable form of 2-HG sensitized empty construct to ATRA-induced differentiation, whereas the inhibition of IDH1-R132H activity reduced its ATRA-sensitivity in IDH1-R132H mutant. Altogether, our results show that IDH1-R132H mutation sensitizes to ATRA-induced granulocytic terminal differentiation in a 2-HG concentration-dependent manner and that it leads to their apoptosis. Since serum 2-HG concentration of IDH mutated patients is approximately 100 fold higher than for non mutated patient, we could expect a high and specific effect of ATRA treatment on IDH1 mutated AML patients. Furthermore, as this mutation could contribute to relapse, this might be a promising therapeutic strategy to achieve a long-term remission in AML with IDH1 mutations. Citation Format: Helena Boutzen, Fabienne De Toni, Estelle Saland, Eric Delabesse, Véronique De mas, Cécile Demur, Florence Castelli, Lara Gales, Virginie Penard-lacronique, Stéphane De Botton, Jean-Charles Portais, Christophe Junot, Stéphane Manenti, Christian Récher, Jean-emmanuel Sarry. All-trans-retinoic acid as a new therapeutic approach to target isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations in acute myeloid leukemia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2678. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2678

Published
2014

18. Cytosine Arabinoside Chemotherapy Does Not Enrich For Leukemic Stem Cells In Xenotransplantation Model Of Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Author

Fabienne de Toni, Christian Recher, François Vergez, Marion David, Martin Carroll, Gwenn Danet-Desnoyers, Stéphane Manenti, Jean-Emmanuel Sarry, Véronique De Mas Mansat, Cécile Demur, Jason S. Iacovoni, Estelle Saland, Robin L. Perry, Mayumi Sugita, and Eric Delabesse

Subjects
Immunology, CD34, Myeloid leukemia, Cell Biology, Hematology, Cell cycle, Biology, medicine.disease, Biochemistry, Leukemia, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cancer research, Cytarabine, medicine, Bone marrow, Progenitor cell, Stem cell, medicine.drug
Abstract

Despite a high rate of complete remission after treatment with conventional genotoxic agents, the overall survival of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is poor due to frequent relapses caused by the chemoresistance of rare leukemic stem cells (LSCs, also called Scid-Leukemia Initiating Cells). This unfavorable situation leads to a strong need to characterize those cells in order to target them with new specific therapies. Using a robust immunodeficient mouse model (NOD/LtSz-scid IL2Rγchainnull or NSG), we have previously shown that these LSCs were rare and not restricted to the CD34+CD38- immature compartment. This phenotypical heterogeneity of LSCs suggests that pharmacological targeting of LSC will not work if solely based on their cell surface markers. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the in vivo chemoresistance is required for the development of innovative targeted therapies. Aracytine (Ara-C, a pyrimidine analog), the most clinically used chemotherapeutic agents for AML patients, inhibits DNA synthesis and, therefore, targets and kills cycling AML cells in S phase of the cell cycle. Based on this mechanism of action, we hypothesized that Ara-C treatment will spare and enrich quiescent LSCs in vivo. We analyzed the response to Ara-C and residual disease in NSG mice engrafted with primary AML cells from 13 patients in two clinical centers (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA and Purpan Hospital, Toulouse, France). A sub-lethal treatment of 60 mg/kg Ara-C given daily for five days induced a 5- to 50- fold reduction of peripheral blood blasts and total tumor burden in spleen and bone marrow in all patients tested. For 5 patients, we observed relapse within 4 to 6 weeks post-chemotherapy. Surprisingly, residual viable cells after Ara-C treatment showed no significant enrichment in quiescent cells and CD34+CD38- cells for the majority of primary samples tested (12 and 10 out of 13 total tested, respectively). Of note, the largest fraction (70-90%) of leukemic cells is in G0/G1 phase (including 0.5-20% in G0) in untreated engrafted mice. Moreover, we observed no significant changes in cell cycle profile of residual leukemic cells during the time course of the disease progression for 3 out of 4 patients. Finally, we assessed the frequency of LSCs in Ara-C-treated and control mice using transplantation and limiting dilution analysis in secondary recipients. Interestingly, we observed that Ara-C treatment did not increase the frequency of SL-ICs in residual cells, suggesting that blasts and LSC were equally sensitive to Ara-C in vivo. Our results show that sub-lethal regimen of Ara-C does not lead to enrichment of LSCs and induces cell death of both leukemic bulk and stem/progenitor cells independently of their cell cycle status probably through another in vivo mechanism such as apoptosis, autophagy or necroptosis. This study also suggests that further characterization of chemoresistant leukemic cells beyond phenotype and cell cycle status must rely on more functional properties in order to better elucidate the molecular basis of resistance in AML. Disclosures: Perry: MERCK: Employment. Carroll:Leukemia and Lymphoma Society: Research Funding. Sarry:AFFICHEM SA: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees.

Published
2013

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