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Introducción: Los pacientes neurocríticos por lo general requieren periodos largos de ventilación mecánica, en ese contexto la traqueostomía es un procedimiento frecuente que se realiza para facilitar el destete de la ventilación y se asocia a múltiples beneficios; sin embargo, el momento de su realización sigue siendo objeto de debate. Objetivo: determinar los beneficios clínicos de la traqueostomía temprana vs la tardía en los pacientes neurocríticos que ingresan a una unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) polivalente de una institución de salud de la ciudad de Cali. Metodología: investigación observacional, descriptiva, de serie de casos que incluyó pacientes neuroquirúrgicos, mayores de edad que ingresaron a una UCI durante el periodo 2016 -2018; a partir de la muestra total se estipularon dos grupos: traqueostomía temprana (? 9 días) y traqueostomía tardía (?10 días). El análisis estadístico se realizó en el programa SPSS versión 24. Resultados: Se incluyeron 20 sujetos con edad de 51.9±17 años, 10 fueron asignados al grupo de traqueostomía temprana y 10 al grupo den traqueostomía tardía. Se evidenció que los pacientes con traqueostomía temprana tienen menos días de sedación (10±2.1 vs 16±9; p=0.02) y los 3 casos que fallecieron habían sido traqueostomizados tardíamente. Conclusiones: La traqueostomía temprana puede traer beneficios clínicos a los pacientes neuroquirúrgicos que ingresan a unidades de cuidados intensivos. Palabras claves: Traqueostomía, unidades de cuidados intensivos, paciente, ventilación mecánica. ABSTRACT Introduction: Neurocritical patients generally require long periods of mechanical ventilation. In this context, tracheostomy is a frequent procedure performed to facilitate weaning from ventilation and is associated with multiple benefits; however, the timing of its implementation remains under debate. Objective: to determine the clinical benefits of early vs late tracheostomy in neurocritical patients admitted to a polyvalent intensive care unit (ICU) of a health institution in the city of Cali. Methodology: observational, descriptive investigation of a series of cases that included neurosurgical patients, of legal age who were admitted to an ICU during the period 2016 -2018; From the total sample, two groups were stipulated: early tracheostomy (? 9 days) and late tracheostomy (?10 days). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 24. Results: 20 subjects with an age of 51.9 ± 17 years were included, 10 were assigned to the early tracheostomy group and 10 to the late tracheostomy group. It was evidenced that patients with early tracheostomy had fewer days of sedation (10±2.1 vs 16± 9; p= 0.02) and the 3 cases that died had been tracheostomized late. Conclusions: Early tracheostomy can bring clinical benefits to neurosurgical patients admitted to intensive care units. Keywords: Tracheostomy, intensive care units, patient, mechanic ventilation.

Objective: This study estimates the prevalence in tobacco consumption and the associated factors in adolescents at official educational institutions in the municipality of Palmira. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis with an analytical component, including 205 high school students from six official schools. The analysis was performed through the SPSS statistics software version 24. Qualitative variables were expressed as ratios with their corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Quantitative variables were expressed as central tendency and dispersion measures, depending on the distribution of the variable. Finally, an odds ratio was calculated for the associated factors with a 95 % CI and the binary logistic regression model statistical model was used to adjust the variables. Results: The tobacco consumption’s overall prevalence was 38.5%, CI 95 % (31.6-45.4 %); e-cigarette, 20 %, 95 % CI (14.2-25.7 %); cigarette, 18.5 %, 95 % CI (12.9-24.1 %) and hookah, 17.9 %, 95 % CI (12.1-23 %), with a greater incidence in women than men. The resulting associated factors were age (OR 3.17, CI 95 % [1.48-6.79]), a partner who smokes (OR 2.51, 95 % CI (1.36-4.63 %), friends who smoke (OR 7.0, 95 % CI [3.4-14.5]), and the possibility of buying individual cigarettes instead of a pack (OR 2.60, 95 % CI (1.26-5.3). Conclusions: Smoking habit’s overall prevalence is higher than the one reported in adolescents. Female subjects reported greater and more frequent consumption of e-cigarettes. RESUMEN Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia del consumo de tabaco y los factores asociados a esta práctica en adolecentes de instituciones educativas oficiales del municipio de Palmira. Métodos: estudio transversal con un componente analítico, que incluyó 205 estudiantes de bachillerato de seis colegios oficiales. El análisis se realizó con el programa estadístico SPSS versión 24. Las variables cualitativas se expresaron como proporciones, con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza (IC) al 95 %; y las variables cuantitativas como medidas de tendencia central y dispersión, según la distribución de la variable. Para los factores asociados, se calcularon Odds ratio con su IC al 95 %, y el ajuste de variables se realizó a través de regresión logística binaria. Resultados: la prevalencia global del consumo tabáquico fue del 38.5 %, IC 95 % (31.6-45.4 %); cigarrillo electrónico, del 20 %, IC 95 % (14.2-25.7 %); cigarrillo, del 18.5 %, IC 95 % (12.9-24.1 %); y narguile, del 17.9 %, IC 95 % (12.1-23 %), con más frecuencia en mujeres que en hombres. Los factores asociados fueron la edad (OR 3.17, IC 95 % [1.48-6.79]), tener novio que consuma tabaco (OR 2.51, IC 95 % (1.36-4.63 %), estar rodeado de amigos que fumen (OR 7.0, IC 95 % [3.4 -14.5]) y comprar cigarrillos sueltos (OR 2.60, IC 95 % (1.26-5.3). Conclusión: la prevalencia global del hábito tabáquico es superior a la reportada en adolescentes, mayor en el sexo femenino, con mayor frecuencia de consumo de cigarrillos electrónicos. Los factores asociados fueron la edad, tener novio o amigos que consuman tabaco y la posibilidad de comprar cigarrillos sueltos. RESUMO Objetivo: estimar a prevalência do consumo de tabaco e os fatores associados a esse hábito em adolescentes de instituições educativas oficiais do município de Palmira, Colômbia. Métodos: estudo transversal com um componente analítico, que incluiu 205 estudantes do ensino médio de seis colégios oficiais. A análise foi realizada com o programa estadístico SPSS versão 24. As variáveis qualitativas foram expressas como proporções, com seus respectivos intervalos de confiança (IC) a 95 %; as variáveis quantitativas como medidas de tendência central e dispersão, segundo a distribuição da variável. Para os fatores associados, foram calculados Odds ratio com seu IC a 95 %, e o ajuste de variáveis foi realizado por meio de regressão logística binária. Resultados: a prevalência global do consumo de tabaco foi de 38,5 %, IC 95 % (31,6-45,4 %); cigarro eletrônico, de 20 %, IC 95 % (14,2-25,7 %); cigarro, de 18,5 %, IC 95 % (12,9-24,1 %); narguilé, de 17,9 %, IC 95 % (12,1-23 %), com mais frequência em mulheres do que em homens. Os fatores associados foram a idade (OR 3,17, IC 95 % [1,48-6,79]), ter parceiro(a) que consuma tabaco (OR 2,51, IC 95 % (1,36-4,63 %), estar rodeado(a) de amigos que fumam (OR 7,0, IC 95 % [3,4 -14,5]) e comprar cigarro solto (OR 2,60, IC 95 % (1.26-5.3). Conclusões: a prevalência global do hábito tabágico é superior à relatada em adolescentes, maior no sexo feminino, com mais frequência de consumo de cigarros eletrônicos. Os fatores associados foram a idade, ter parceiro(a) ou amigos que consumam tabaco e a possibilidade de comprar cigarros soltos.

RESUMEN Objetivo: determinar la adherencia global y por componentes a la estrategia minuto de oro en médicos que atienden recién nacidos en una entidad de mediano nivel de complejidad. Materiales y métodos: estudio de corte transversal; se incluyeron recién nacidos vivos de partos vaginales espontáneos atendidos por médicos pediatras, ginecólogos o internos en sala de partos de un hospital universitario de la ciudad de Cali, Colombia, en el 2017. Se excluyeron fetos con mal- formaciones congénitas mayores, gemelares y con menos de 34 semanas de edad gestacional. Muestreo sistemático. Tamaño muestral: 150 recién nacidos. Se evaluaron las características basales de los recién nacidos y sus madres, y la adherencia a la estrategia minuto de oro y sus componentes. Se hizo análisis descriptivo. Resultados: la adherencia al minuto de oro en médicos pediatras fue del 65,6 % (IC 95 %: 53,8-78,4), en ginecobstetras, de 33,33 % (IC 95 %: 4,3-77,7), y en médicos internos, de 75,3 % (IC 95 %: 64,8- 85,1). La menor frecuencia se dio en la colocación del gorro al recién nacido, 64,90 % (IC 95 %: 56,7- 72,4), y poner al bebé piel a piel sobre la madre, 65 % (IC 95 %: 55,9-74,4); la mayor frecuencia se presentó en cubrir al recién nacido con paños calientes, 98,6 % (IC 95 %: 95,3-99,8), y la ventilación con presión positiva en los casos en los que no había respuesta a la estimulación inicial, 100 % (IC 95 %: 30-100). Conclusiones: los resultados obtenidos sobre el grado de adherencia de los profesionales sugieren la necesidad de realizar procesos continuos de educación y evaluación sobre la aplicación de esta estrategia de reconocida efectividad en las institu- ciones que ofrecen el servicio de atención de partos. ABSTRACT Objective: To determine adherence, overall and by components, to the Helping Babies Breathe strategy by physicians caring for neonates in an intermediate complexity institution. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study that included live neonates born by spontaneous vaginal delivery and who received care from pediatricians, gynecologists or interns in the delivery room of a university hospital in the city of Cali, Colombia, in 2017. Fetuses with major congenital malformations, twins, and neonates with less than 34 weeks of gestational age were excluded. Sampling was systematic and the sample size was of 150 neonates. Baseline neonatal and maternal characteristics were assessed, as well as adherence to the Helping Babies Breathe strategy and its components. A descriptive analysis was performed. Results: Adherence to the Helping Babies Breathe was 65.6% (95% CI 53.8-78.4) for pediatricians, 33.33% (95% CI: 4,3-77,7) for obstetricians and gynecologists, and 75.3% (95% CI: 64,8-85,1) for interns. The lowest frequency was found for cap placement on the neonate’s head, 64.90% (95% CI: 56.7-72.4), and placement of the baby in contact with the mother’s skin, 65% (95% CI: 55.9-74.4); the highest frequency was found for covering the baby with warm blankets, 98,6% (95% CI: 95.3-99.8), and positive pressure ventilation in those cases of absent response to initial stimulation, 100% (95% CI 30-100). Conclusions: Results pertaining to the degree of adherence on the part of the practitioners suggest the need to implement continuous education and evaluation processes focused on the application of this strategy which has been shown to be effective in institutions offering childbirth care.

Background Mobile technologies have become capable of changing the paradigm of healthcare services. A clear example is that, nowadays, these technologies are an important instrument for data collection processes, epidemiologic surveillance, health promotion and disease prevention. Therefore, technological tools should be exploited to optimize the monitoring of patients with chronic diseases, including patients who require home oxygen therapy. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of a mobile application in the clinical monitoring of patients under home oxygen therapy. Methods This is a randomized controlled trial includes subjects of 18 years or older diagnosed with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) who are under home oxygen therapy. Subjects will be divided into two arms: the intervention group will include patients who will be monitored with a mobile application, and the control group will include patients monitored by conventional follow-up methods (periodic visits of a respiratory therapist). The following outcome variables will be considered to measure the effect of the intervention: identification of dyspnea self-management, number of acute exacerbations associated with oxygen therapy, and the occurrence of oxygen supply underuse. Discussion This study is expected to assess the efficacy of a mobile application in the follow up of patients under home oxygen therapy. It will also determine whether the monitoring of a six-month intervention by a team comprising a physician, a nurse and respiratory therapists can decrease acute exacerbations, determine the most appropriate oxygen dose, and identify the underuse of oxygen systems and supplies. Trial registration The study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04820790; date of registration: March 29, 2021)

La ventilación mecánica se instaura con frecuencia en los pacientes que ingresan a unidades de cuidadosintensivos. A pesar de que su uso en la mayoría de los casos es transitorio, del 32% al 41% de los pacientesneurocríticos la requieren por periodos prologandos debido a diversas condiciones que dificultan el destete.En circunstancias en las que la causa de su prolongación es la debilidad muscular, tiene importancia elentrenamiento muscular inspiratorio, el cual puede contribuir al incremento de la fuerza muscular y facilitarel destete. El objetivo del presente reporte es describir el caso de un paciente de 65 años con hemorragiasubaracnoidea Fisher III, ventilación mecánica prolongada, y dificultad para el destete en quien se implementóuna estrategia de entrenamiento muscular respiratorio., Mechanical ventilation is frequently established in patients admitted to intensive care units. Although its usein most cases is transient, from 32% to 41% of neurocritical patients require it for prolonged periods due tovarious conditions that make it difficult to wean. In circumstances in which the cause of its prolongation ismuscle weakness, inspiratory muscle training is important, which can contribute to the increase of muscularstrength and facilitate weaning. The objective of this report is to describe the case of a 65-year-old patientwith Fisher III subarachnoid hemorrhage, prolonged mechanical ventilation and difficulty in weaning in whoma respiratory muscle training strategy was implemented.