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Introduction Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a rare and genetically mediated systemic disease most often caused by uncontrolled and chronic complement activation that leads to systemic thrombotic microangiopathy, renal and extra-renal damage. Materials and methods This is descriptive, retrospective and multicenter study, which reports demographic, clinical, laboratory, and genetic characteristics, as well as their treatment response and outcome of 20 aHUS patients diagnosed between 2014 and 2018. Results Most patients were female adults (75%) and 30% were associated to pregnancy/postpartum, 15% to autoimmune disease, and 65% to infections. Gastrointestinal involvement (75%) was the most frequent extra-renal organ damage. Antenatal mortality and mortality rate were 5% and 10%, respectively. 25% of the patients progressed to end-stage renal disease. In 4/8 of patients treated within 1 week of presentation, eculizumab treatment restored multi-organ function after 4 weeks of treatment. CFH (37%) and CFI (25%) mutations were the most frequent. Conclusion This is the first series of aHUS cases of Colombian Caribbean region which reports the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of this condition in this region.

Introduction Frailty is a multicausal syndrome characterized by a decrease in strength, resistance and physiological function, which makes the individual vulnerable and dependent, and increases his/her mortality. This syndrome is more prevalent among older individuals, and chronic kidney disease patients, particularly those on dialysis. Dialysis dose is currently standardized for hemodialysis (HD) patients regardless of their age and functional status. However, it has been postulated that the dialysis dose required in older patients, especially frail ones, should be lower, since it could increase their degree of frailty. Then, the purpose of this study was to evaluate if there would be a correlation between the dose of Kt/V and the degree of frailty in a population of adult patients on HD. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study with 82 patients on HD in Barranquilla (Colombia) and Lobos (Argentina) was conducted. Socio-demographic and laboratory data, as well as dialysis doses (Kt/V) were recorded and scales of fragility, physical activity, gait and grip strength were applied. Then these data were correlated by a Spearman’s correlation and a logistic regression. Results CFS, social isolation, physical activity, gait speed, and prehensile strength tests were outside the reference ranges in the studied group. No significant correlation was found between dialysis dose and all the above mentioned functional tests. However, a significant and inverse correlation between physical activity and CFS was documented (score − 1.41 (CI − 2.1 to − 0.7). Conclusion No significant correlation was documented between Kt/V value and different parameters of the frailty status, but this status correlated significantly and inversely with physical activity in this group. Frailty status in hemodialysis patients was significantly higher in older individuals, although young individuals were not exempt from it.

Introduction: Making an early diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) is crucial. Classical biomarkers are not capable of early detection of AKI, but novel biomarkers that do have this capability are expensive and not universally available. This prospective study attempts to mitigate these limitations through the evaluation of daily urine analysis on patient admitted to a critical care unit in order to detect early AKI. Methods: Daily urinary indices were measured on every patient admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) from the time of admission until his/her discharge from the ICU or death. This renal monitoring consisted of daily blood and spot morning urine samples in order to measure creatinine, urea, sodium, chloride and potassium in order to calculate the fractional excretion of sodium (FENa), chloride, urea and potassium. The data collected on these patients in the previous days was analyzed to determine whether or not there was a significant statistical difference in the urinary indices one day before the clinical diagnosis of AKI (day – 1) and 2 days before the diagnosis (day – 2). The statistical test applied was a single rank test, using as a limit of significance a value of P < 0.05. Results: Of the 203 patients included, 61 developed AKI. A statistical significant difference was documented only in the value of urinary sodium (UNa) and FENa between day-1 (one day before AKI clinical diagnosis) and day-2 (two days before AKI clinical diagnosis). Conclusion: Daily monitoring of UNa and FENa detected a significant change in their basal values 24 hours before clinical diagnosis of AKI was made.

Resumen Introduccion El lupus eritematoso sistemico (LES) es una enfermedad cronica, autoinmune, de etiologia desconocida, que afecta a cualquier organo o tejido. La nefritis lupica (NL) es la causa mas frecuente de compromiso renal en LES. Aproximadamente el 50% de los pacientes con LES presentan NL en algun momento de su enfermedad, siendo un factor de riesgo para morbimortalidad. Objetivo Proveer informacion actualizada sobre la NL, evaluando la fisiopatologia y las manifestaciones clinicas, como tambien poniendo especial enfasis en el diagnostico y las estrategias terapeuticas utilizadas en la practica clinica. Metodos Se realizo una revision narrativa con respecto a pacientes con LES que desarrollaron NL, en las bases de datos Google Scholar, Embase, SciELO, Scopus y Medline, utilizando los terminos MeSH nefritis lupica, biopsia, lupus eritematoso sistemico y tratamiento. Resultados Se escogieron 54 estudios que llenaban los requisitos de la busqueda, 18 fueron articulos originales, 13 revisiones de temas, 9 casos y controles, 7 estudios de cohorte y 7 estudios experimentales. La fisiopatologia es heterogenea y los factores geneticos y ambientales contribuyen a ella. Entre las principales manifestaciones clinicas se encuentran la proteinuria, la hematuria y las anormalidades tubulares. No existe una forma exclusiva de tratar la NL, varia segun la gravedad de la enfermedad y el riesgo de dano renal progresivo, de acuerdo con el resultado de la biopsia renal estandarizada por la clasificacion de ISN/RPS. Conclusiones El objetivo del tratamiento es mejorar la funcion renal, disminuir la proteinuria y corregir marcadores inmunologicos, evitando asi la aparicion de complicaciones. Para mejorar el pronostico deben desarrollarse nuevas tecnicas que permitan evaluar el inicio temprano de la actividad de la enfermedad renal o su recaida para dar inicio al manejo temprano, de manera que se genere una reduccion en la mortalidad y que la calidad de vida mejore.

The kidneys contribute to maintain plasma osmolality in normal range by achieving the adequate daily osmolar urine excretion (DOUE). An equation has been described for estimating the expected daily urine volume necessary to excrete the osmolar load required to keep serum osmolality in normal range. According to this equation, a difference between real and expected daily osmolar diuresis (DOD) can be obtained, being normally this difference value zero (± 500 cc). However, a positive DOD difference signifies a reduced urine concentration capability, while a negative DOD difference signifies a reduced urine dilution capability. Therefore, we decided to originally investigate how DOUE, and DOD difference are modified through the different stages of CKD.61 patients suffering from CKD (stages I-V) secondary to glomerulopathies were studied. Creatinine clearance (CrCl), DOUE, and difference between real and expected DOD were obtained from each patient. Besides, correlation (Spearman) between CrCl and DOUE, and between CrCl and real-expected DOD difference were also obtained.Spearman correlation between CrCl and DOUE was positive and significant (Spearman's ρ = 0.63, p 0.0001). In addition, CKD patients who were not able to achieve the minimal DOUE required (600 mOsm/day) were mostly those with CrCl 40 mL/min. Spearman correlation between CrCl and real-expected DOD difference was negative and significant (Spearman's ρ = - 0.4, p 0.0013). Additionally, abnormal DOD difference ( 500 cc) was found in CKD patients with CrCl 80 mL/min/1.73 mDaily osmolar urine excretion, and difference between real and expected daily osmolar diuresis are simple and significant clinical parameter which can be useful to easily evaluate urine concentration-dilution capability (tubular function) in CKD patients.

Statistical data extracted from national databases demonstrate a continuous growth in the incidence and prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the ineffectiveness of current policies and strategies based on individual risk factors to reduce them, as well as their mortality and costs. Some innovative programs, telemedicine and government interest in the prevention of CKD did not facilitate timely access to care, continuing the increased demand for dialysis and transplants, high morbidity and long-term disability. In contrast, new forms of kidney disease of unknown etiology affected populations in developing countries and underrepresented minorities, who face socioeconomic and cultural disadvantages. With this background, our objective was to analyze in the existing literature the effects of social determinants in CKD, concluding that it is necessary to strengthen current kidney health strategies, designing in a transdisciplinary way, a model that considers demographic characteristics integrated into individual risk factors and risk factors population, incorporating the population health perspective in public health policies to improve results in kidney health care, since CKD continues to be an important and growing contributor to chronic diseases.

Background In this review, we were interested to identify the wide universe of enzymes associated with epigenetic modifications, whose gene expression is regulated by miRNAs with a high relative abundance in Crohn's disease (CD) affected tissues, with the aim to determine their impact in the pathogenesis and evolution of the disease. Methods We used HMDD and Bibliometrix R-package in order to identify the miRNAs overexpressed in CD. The identified enzymes associated with epigenetic mechanisms and post-translational modifications, regulated by miRNAs upregulated in CD, were analyzed using String v11 database. Results We found 190 miRNAs with great abundance in patients with CD, of which 26 miRNAs regulate the gene expression of enzymes known to catalyze epigenetic modifications involved in essentials pathophysiological processes, such as chromatin architecture reorganization, immune response regulation including CD4+ T cells polarization, integrity of gut mucosa, gut microbiota composition and tumorigenesis. Conclusion The integrated analysis of miRNAs with a high relative abundance in patients with CD showed a combined and superimposed gene expression regulation of enzymes associated with relevant epigenetic mechanisms and that could explain, in part, the pathogenesis of CD.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the main causes of cancer death in the world. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) have been extensively studied in malignancies due to its relevance in tumor pathogenesis and therapy. This review is focused on the dysregulation of glycosyltransferase expression in CRC and its impact in cell function and in several biological pathways associated with CRC pathogenesis, prognosis and therapeutic approaches. Glycan structures act as interface molecules between cells and their environment and in several cases facilitate molecule function. CRC tissue shows alterations in glycan structures decorating molecules, such as annexin-1, mucins, heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), 1 integrin, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), transforming growth factor beta (TGF- ) receptors, Fas (CD95), PD-L1, decorin, sorbin and SH3 domain-containing protein 1 (SORBS1), CD147 and glycosphingolipids. All of these are described as key molecules in oncogenesis and metastasis. Therefore, glycosylation in CRC can affect cell migration, cell–cell adhesion, actin polymerization, mitosis, cell membrane repair, apoptosis, cell differentiation, stemness regulation, intestinal mucosal barrier integrity, immune system regulation, T cell polarization and gut microbiota composition; all such functions are associated with the prognosis and evolution of the disease. According to these findings, multiple strategies have been evaluated to alter oligosaccharide processing and to modify glycoconjugate structures in order to control CRC progression and prevent metastasis. Additionally, immunotherapy approaches have contemplated the use of neo-antigens, generated by altered glycosylation, as targets for tumor-specific T cells or engineered CAR (Chimeric antigen receptors) T cells.

Geriatrics has classically described four entities of its own, naming them “geriatric giants” because of their high prevalence and great impact on the senile health. These four significant syndromes are delirium, gait disorders and falls, immobility syndrome, and incontinence. Additionally, older people are predisposed to suffer from salt and water alterations since aging induces changes in their renal physiology. These are known as the “nephrogeriatric giants”: reduced glomerular filtration rate, sodium and water reabsorption, and potassium secretion capability. These syndromes, the geriatric giants and the nephrogeriatric giants, usually predispose to one another and potentiate each other, leading to internal milieu disorders and catastrophic clinical events.

Frailty status is a condition which is not merely induced by aging but mainly by a progressive and sustained deterioration of several body physiological processes that lead to an increased vulnerability to stressors. The prevalence of frailty is higher in older individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared to older people with normal renal function. Frailty prevalence increases with a worsened kidney function, which leads to an increase in falls, hospitalization, dialysis requirement, and mortality. CKD predisposes to frailty through many mechanisms, which can also lead to CKD progression. The coexistence of CKD and frailty phenotype has been considered a particular condition known as “senescent nephropathy,” since it is characterized by significant clinical complications, therapeutic demands, and worse prognosis, in comparison with robust older CKD patients. Frailty status trends should be identified since they represent an opportunity to successfully intervene by optimizing nutritional and rehabilitation efforts. The prevention or delay of the appearance of frailty and sarcopenia can be accomplished by low intensity resistance and aerobic physical exercise, caloric and protein intake, vitamin D supplementation, and avoidance of polypharmacy. In addition, these patients should also receive their corresponding CKD treatment, but even frailty evaluation can contribute to redesign the patient’s therapeutic objectives.

Crohn's disease (CD) results from an aberrant immune response against the commensal microbiota in genetically susceptible hosts. However, the nature of the immune defects, the microflora involved and the genetic susceptibility remain incompletely defined and controversial. Extraintestinal manifestations occur in up to 25-35% of patients and generally precede the onset of gastrointestinal symptoms, which are often of a colonic nature and are influenced by disease activity. Renal manifestations can be considered dependent on the same immune mechanism that determines inflammatory bowel disease in CD. This review seeks to describe the current state of association between CD and kidney disease.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by a sudden decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which usually induces the accumulation of nitrogenous-waste substances in the blood. It is expressed as an increase in serum creatinine levels (≥ 0.3 mg/dl within 48 hours or ≥1.5 times from baseline within the previous 7 days) or by a urine volume reduction of ˂0.5 ml/kg/h in 6 hours [1]. AKI is a relevant condition since it is usually associated with 1–7% and 30–50% of hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, respectively; showing a significant morbidity-mortality rate, and progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) [1–7]. Even though many strategies have been proposed to achieve an early AKI diagnosis (e.g. novel biomarkers, informatics alarms), and an AKI effective treatment (e.g. renal protective drugs, biocompatible renal replacement therapies), both objectives remain unachieved; therefore, AKI prevention is currently the best ‘therapeutic’ strategy for this condition.

Resumen Introducción. La glomerulonefritis membranoproliferativa (GnMP) es un patrón de lesión glomerular hipercelular mesangial con adelgazamiento de la membrana basal glomerular y proliferación endocapilar que está mediado por las inmunoglobulinas o el sistema del complemento en el mesangio y endotelio capilar. Objetivo. Evaluar la respuesta a la farmacoterapia en pacientes diagnosticados con GnMP en una clínica de Barranquilla entre los años 2007 y 2014. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo en el que se evaluaron 58 pacientes con diagnóstico de GnMP por biopsia renal, quienes se clasificaron como respondedores y no respondedores. Se realizó una evaluación de tratamiento estándar según tipo de GnMP: mediado por complemento y mediado por inmunocomplejos e inmunofluorescencia negativa a los 6 y 12 meses de tratamiento. Resultados. La edad promedio de los participantes fue de 35±13 años. De 58 pacientes, 52% eran mujeres, 63% desarrolló enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) al año de evaluación, 25.8% logró remisión (22.4% completa y 3.4% parcial) y 74.2% no logró entrar en remisión. Conclusión. La GnMP es una causa importante de ERC entre la población estudiada. La respuesta al tratamiento inmunosupresor no demostró beneficios estadísticamente significativos, independiente del tipo de GnMP. Abstract Introduction: Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is a pattern of mesangial hypercellular glomerular lesion with thinning of the glomerular basement membrane and endocapillary proliferation, mediated by immunoglobulin and the complement system of the mesangium and capillary endothelium. Objective: To assess the response to pharmacotherapy in patients diagnosed with MPGN in a hospital of Barranquilla between 2007 and 2014. Materials and methods: Retrospective cohort study in which 58 patients diagnosed with MPGN by renal biopsy were assessed and classified as responsive and non-responsive. A standard treatment assessment was performed according to the type of MPGN: mediated by the complement system, mediated by immunocomplexes, and negative immunofluorescence at 6 and 12 months of treatment. Results: The average age of the participants was 35±13 years. Of 58 patients, 52% were female, 63% developed chronic kidney disease (CKD) one year after the assessment, 25.8% achieved remission (22.4% complete and 3.4% partial) and 74.2% failed to enter remission. Conclusion: MPGN is one of the most important causes of CKD among the studied population. Response to immunosuppressant treatment showed no statistically significant benefits, regardless of the type of MPGN.

Las vías clínicas son instrumentos desarrollados para planificar y coordinar la secuencia de procedimientos clínicos y administrativos necesarios para conseguir la máxima calidad asistencial. Su rápida difusión en EE. UU. explica que más del 60% de los hospitales usen vías clínicas para sus procesos más frecuentes. Esto contrasta con su escasa implementación en Colombia y los países de la Región de las Américas. Las Vías Clínicas se ajustan con el cambio que representa el enfoque en procesos, orientado a optimizar una mejor atención al paciente.

La infección por el síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS-CoV-2) ha causado una de las emergencias epidemiológicas más grandes de los últimos 10 años y sus efectos patológicos son aún estudiados. Por lo anterio, resulta importante describir los mecanismos asociados al compromiso renal y digestivo en la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Los mecanismos patológicos en tejido renal y en intestino causados por la infección por SARS-CoV-2 son propios del tropismo viral por células de estos sistemas y de los mecanismos citopáticos de etapa lítica de la infección, con una liberación continua de viriones que favorece la generación de un entorno inflamatorio con la consecuente secreción descontrolada de citoquinas proinflamatorias que conducen a la infección entérica del intestino y a las alteraciones en el riñón

To present a COVID-19 case series with clinical admission criteria to Intensive Care Unit. Patients information was obtained from medical records, and daily clinical evaluation whereas diagnosis was carried out through paraclinical studies in blood, urine, PCR and diagnostic images in 4 patients with different comorbidities and epidemiological link for the development of COVID-19. All four cases were managed with chloroquine 300 mg orally every 12 hours and azithromycin orally every 24 hours for 5 days without complications or associated toxicity.The case 1 developed multiple organ failure, including acute kidney injury with an ICU stay of 4 days before his death, while cases 2, 3 and 4 had a favorable evolution and were discharged fromthe ICU. Rapid multicenter studies are required to scientifically guide a better diagnostic and management approach, in the context of a disease with a clinical-epidemiological behavior that must be studied in depth and will probably take many lives. In addition, due to the absence of sufficiently rapid tests, the use of a classification based on the severity of radiological lesions called CO-RADS (Covid-19 Imaging Reporting and Data System) could be of great importance to install available pharmacological treatments early and early mechanical respiratory support.

Introducción: el COVID-19 es una enfermedad causada por un nuevo beta coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), cuyo espectro incluye casos severos con neumonía y complicaciones sistémicas que se dan como consecuencia de una liberación exagerada de mediadores inflamatorios conocida como “tormenta de citoquinas”. En este tipo de pacientes las terapias de purificación sanguínea, incluyendo la hemoadsorción y la terapia plasmática podrían tener un beneficio clínico importante y evitar las complicaciones como disfunción multiorgánica y muerte. Objetivo: revisar toda la literatura disponible acerca de las terapias de purificación sanguínea y sus beneficios en los pacientes con COVID-19. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura en las bases de datos ClinicalKey, Embase, PubMed y Ovid con los términos “COVID-19”, “sepsis”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “citosinas”, “insuficienciencia renal”, “neumonía”. Resultados: se encontraron 246 referencias y luego de aplicar los filtros, se seleccionaron 61 publicaciones con contenido relevante para la presente revisión. Conclusión: teniendo en cuenta su gran evidencia científica en el manejo de la tormenta de citoquinas en otros escenarios, las terapias de purificación sanguínea, que incluyen técnicas difusivas, convectivas, de hemoadsorción y terapia plasmática, pueden ser herra- mientas de tratamiento muy prometedoras en pacientes con COVID-19

The aim of this study was to identity in silico the relationships among microRNAs (miRNAs) and genes encoding transcription factors, ubiquitylation, DNA methylation, and histone modifications in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). To identify miRNA dysregulation in SLE, we used miR2Disease and PhenomiR for information about miRNAs exhibiting differential regulation in disease and other biological processes, and HMDD for information about experimentally supported human miRNA–disease association data from genetics, epigenetics, circulating miRNAs, and miRNA–target interactions. This information was incorporated into the miRNA analysis. High-throughput sequencing revealed circulating miRNAs associated with kidney damage in patients with SLE. As the main finding of our in silico analysis of miRNAs differentially expressed in SLE and their interactions with disease-susceptibility genes, post-translational modifications, and transcription factors; we highlight 226 miRNAs associated with genes and processes. Moreover, we highlight that alterations of miRNAs such as hsa-miR-30a-5p, hsa-miR-16-5p, hsa-miR-142-5p, and hsa-miR-324-3p are most commonly associated with post-translational modifications. In addition, altered miRNAs that are most frequently associated with susceptibility-related genes are hsa-miR-16-5p, hsamiR- 374a-5p, hsa-miR-34a-5p, hsa-miR-31-5p, and hsa-miR-1-3p.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the immunosuppressive treatment response to modified Ponticelli regimen (MPR) and oral corticosteroid (OC) plus tacrolimus (TAC) in patients with primary membranous nephropathy (PMN). METHODS: Retrospective cohort analytical study. Adults patients (>18 years old) with diagnosis of refractory PMN (>50% increase in serum creatinine or a level >1.5mg/dl or proteinuria refractory to 6 months of supportive treatment), proved by renal biopsy and immunofluorescence between 2008 and 2016 from the Nephropathy Registry of Colombia (NEFRORED©) were included. Immunosuppressive treatment response was evaluated from baseline to 6 months after the start of therapy. RESULTS: 128 patients with PMN were included, of which 74 (57%) were female. The most frequent syndromic diagnosis was nephrotic syndrome 90 (70%), followed by asymptomatic urinary disorders 31 (25%). Chronic kidney disease manifested concomitantly in 7 (5%) patients. At the end of 6 months, 86 (67%) cases achieved some degree of remission: 23 (18%) complete response (CR) and 63 (49%) cases with partial response (PR), while 42 (33%) cases did not achieved remission. In the TAC+OC group, CR and PR were seen in 14 (20%) and 33 (47%) patients, respectively; and 9 (16%) and 30 (51%) patients in the MPR group, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found when comparing the immunosuppressive treatment response rate with both treatment groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In the PMN, both immunosuppressive treatments (TAC+OC vs MPR) are comparable. We suggest a clinical follow-up of the anti-PLA2R/THSD7A titres at 6/12 months to be correlated with renal function in subsequent studies.

The defining characteristic of neural stem cells (NSCs) is their ability to multiply through symmetric divisions and proliferation, and differentiation by asymmetric divisions, thus giving rise to different types of cells of the central nervous system (CNS). A strict temporal space control of the NSC differentiation is necessary, because its alterations are associated with neurological dysfunctions and, in some cases, death. This work reviews the current state of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the transcription in NSCs, organized according to whether the origin of the stimulus that triggers the molecular cascade in the CNS is internal (intrinsic factors) or whether it is the result of the microenvironment that surrounds the CNS (extrinsic factors).

Background: Renal biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis and classification of lupus nephritis (LN). However, a consecutive biopsy can predict the clinical course and optimize the therapeutic strategies. Objectives: To compare the histopathological findings with clinical responses. Patients and Methods: Thirty patients with active LN were included. Renal biopsies were performed at the time of diagnosis and subsequently under clinical criteria according to consensus of Spanish Society of Nephrology. The response to treatment was defined as complete response, partial responder or non-responder. The histological change in second biopsy towards LN classes I, II or III/IV-C was defined as histological response (HR). Results: In initial renal biopsy, 28 (93%) patients showed proliferative LN; III-A or A/C (n; 7), IV-A or A/C (n: 19) and mixed; III+IV/V (n; 2). LN class V was presented in two cases. The clinical response was; complete response (10%), partial response (20%), and non-response (70%). HR was manifested in 37% and non-histologic response in 63% of patients. Around 33% of patients with complete response/partial response showed active lesions in the consecutive renal biopsy. Conclusions: In Colombian Caribbean, LN is aggressive and refractory to treatment. The consecutive renal biopsy allowed to demonstrate the persistence of the activity of the lesion in almost half of the patients, which may provide additional information to create better response criteria. The consecutive renal biopsy is a tool that allows improving the evaluation of the response to treatment in the LN.

Objetivo: Caracterizar el comportamiento de factores predictores de respuesta a tratamiento de nefritis lúpica en pacientes adultos biopsiados en la Clínica de la Costa en el periodo 2008-2014.Material y Métodos: Se analizó una cohorte retrospectiva de 57 pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) y nefritis lúpica (NL) confirmada por biopsia, clasificada según la International Society of Nephrology/Renal Patho-logy Society (ISN/RPS) 2003. Se correlacionaron variables clínicas y de laboratorio con potencial valor predictivo de respuesta terapéutica a los 12 y 24 meses.Resultados: La población de estudio está constituida por 57 pacientes mujeres (91 %) y hombres (9 %), con una edad promedio de 34,5 años ±17,6. Del total de pacientes 17 (29,8 %) lograron remisión parcial o completa a los 12 meses (8,8 % completa y 22,8 % parcial). A los 24 meses el 62,3 % de los pacientes alcanzó respuesta (parcial o completa). El 84 % de los pacientes con LES presentó compromiso renal en los primeros cinco años; las clases histológicas encontradas fueron: IV (68,7 %), III (19,2 %), II (8,7 %) y V (3,5 %). En el análisis multivariado se asoció a falla terapéutica la creatinina basal mayor de 1,2 mg/dl (p = 0,008975), proteinuria en rango nefrótico (p=0,007) y la forma proliferativa de NL clase IV (p=0,05).Conclusión: La proteinuria en rango nefrótico, la nefritis lúpica clase IV y la creatinina mayor de 1,2 mg/dl al diag-nóstico se asociaron a falla terapéutica a 12 y 24 meses.

Introduccion: Las glomerulonefritis (GN) primarias son enfermedades que afectan a la estructura y funcion del glomerulo. Dentro de las glomerulopatias proliferativas se ha observado que la GN mesangial por IgA e IgM, son las que evolucionan con mayor frecuencia a la insuficiencia renal permanente; seguida de la GN membrano-proliferativa o mesangiocapilar. La presentacion clinica de la GN incluye hematuria, proteinuria e insuficiencia renal aguda o cronica. Material y metodos: Se revisaron las historias clinicas y se acopiaron en una base de datos todas las biopsias realizadas entre los anos 2008 a 2014. Se realizo un χ², para establecer las asociaciones entre variables (α = 95%) y para las diferencias entre proporciones se utilizo t de Studento U- Mann-Whitney. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 146 pacientes (88% del total analizado) que tenian los datos completos. La edad promedio fue de 8±4 anos para ambos sexos. No se encontraron diferencias significativasni asociaciones entre el sexo y la edad (p≥ 0,05). Las GN predominantes fueron las proliferativa mesangial y la nefropatia por IgA. Las GN por membrana basal delgada, nefropatia por C3 y C4 q no se presentaron en varones. La presentacion clinica mas frecuente fue el Sindrome Nefrotico (58%). Conclusiones: Los hallazgos de este registro de biopsias renales podrian ser la base para la creacion de un Registro de Glomerulopatias en ninos en Colombia, instrumento necesario para establecer programas de tratamiento y prevencion de las enfermedades glomerulares en nuestro pais a fin de disminuir su progresion.

Renal involvement in Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE) patients is one of the leading causes of morbidity and a significant contributor to mortality. It's estimated that nearly 50% of SLE individuals develop kidney disease in the first year of the diagnosis. Class IV lupus nephritis (LN-IV) is the class of lupus nephritis most common in Colombian patients with SLE. Altered miRNAs expression levels have been reported in human autoimmune diseases including lupus. Variations in the expression pattern of peripheral blood circulating miRNAs specific for this class of lupus nephritis could be correlated with the pathophysiological status of this group of individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative abundance of circulating microRNAs in peripheral blood from Colombian patients with LN-IV. Circulating miRNAs in plasma of patients with diagnosis of LN-IV were compared with individuals without renal involvement (LNN group) and healthy individuals (CTL group). Total RNA was extracted from 10 ml of venous blood and subsequently sequenced using Illumina. The sequences were processed and these were analyzed using miRBase and Ensembl databases. Differential gene expression analysis was carried out with edgeR and functional analysis were done with DIANA-miRPath. Analysis was carried out using as variables of selection fold change ( 2 o -2) and false discovery rate (0.05). We identified 24 circulating microRNAs with differential abundance between LN-IV and CTL groups, fourteen of these microRNAs are described for the first time to lupus nephritis (hsa-miR-589-3p, hsa-miR-1260b, hsa-miR-4511, hsa-miR- 485-5p, hsa-miR-584-5p, hsa-miR-543, hsa-miR-153-3p, hsa-miR-6087, hsa-miR-3942-5p, hsa-miR-7977, hsa-miR-323b-3p, hsa-miR-4732-3p and hsa-miR-6741-3p). These changes in the abundance of miRNAs could be interpreted as alterations in the miRNAs-mRNA regulatory network in the pathogenesis of LN, preceding the clinical onset of the disease. The findings thus contribute to understanding the disease process and are likely to pave the way towards identifying disease biomarkers for early diagnosis of LN.

Antecedentes. La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud se puede afectar en personas con enfermedad renal crónica.Objetivo. Determinar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) y su relación con variables sociodemográficas y datos clínicos.Materiales y métodos. Estudio analítico de corte transversal realizado en 80 personas con diagnóstico de enfermedad renal crónica. Participaron los pacientes que asistieron a la Unidad Renal y al servicio de hospitalización durante los meses de estudio. Se aplicó el cuestionario Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL-SF), valorando ocho dimensiones genéricas de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y tres específicas relacionadas con la enfermedad renal. Se compararon las variables socio demográficas y las relacionadas con la enfermedad con las dimensiones del KDQOOL-36.Resultados. El 23.5% de la población estudiada tenía entre 61 y 70 años y 51.3% eran hombres. Se obtuvieron promedios bajos en las dimensiones carga de la enfermedad renal (40.3), salud física (33.4) y salud mental (43.5) del componente genérico. Se encontró una correlación significativa de la edad con las dimensiones efectos de la enfermedad renal en la vida diaria (0.238, p=0.03) y el componente genérico salud física (-0.242, p=0.03). Un trabajo remunerado se correlacionó positivamente con los componentes genéricos salud física (0.499, p=0.001) y salud mental (0.375, p=0.001) y la carga de la enfermedad renal se correlacionó negativamente con el tiempo de diagnóstico de enfermedad renal (-0.241, p=0.02).Conclusión. La enfermedad renal crónica tiene una carga sobre la calidad de vida de los pacientes en términos de salud física, salud mental y carga de la enfermedad. ackground. People experiencing chronic kidney disease can have their quality of life related to health affected.Objective. To determine the quality of life related to health of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its relationship with clinical and socio-demographic data.Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 80 people having a chronic kidney disease diagnosis. Patients who participated in this study were the ones referred to the Renal Unit and Hospital service during the months of study. Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL-SF) questionnaire was applied taking into account eight generic dimensions on health related quality of life and three specific ones related to kidney disease. Social-demographic variables and those related to the disease were compared based on KDQOOL-36 dimensions.Results. 23.5% of the study population was between 61 and 70 years old, and 51.3% were men. There were low averages in the burden of renal disease (40.3), physical health (33.4) and mental health (43.5) dimensions of the generic component. A significant correlation between age and the effects of kidney disease in daily life dimension (0.238, p =0.03), as well as with the physical health (0.242 p=0.03) generic component was observed. A paid work was positively correlated to the generic components physical (0.499, p=0.001), mental health (0.375 p=0.001), while the burden of the renal disease was negatively correlated to the diagnosis time of the renal disease (-0.241, p=0.02).Conclusions. Chronic kidney disease has a burden on patients' quality of life in terms of physical health, mental health, and disease burden.

Se designa con el nombre de amiloidosis a un grupo de enfermedades poco frecuentes, que se caracterizan por el depósito extracelular de un material proteico fibrilar denominado amiloide. La afectación renal en la amiloidosis sistémica es frecuente, por lo que se le asocia un pronóstico desfavorable, al ser la falla renal la segunda causa de muerte en los pacientes que la presentan. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en presentar el caso de un hombre de 55 años, hipertenso de novo, con cuadro clinico de 7 meses de evolución de edema progresivo asociado a disnea, oliguria y hematuria, documentándose síndrome nefrótico en paraclínicos. El reporte histopatológico reveló acumulación de material eosinofílico rojo congo positiva a nivel glomerular, e inmunofluoresencia positiva para cadenas livianas en patrón mesangial, compatible con amiloidosis renal. La amiloidosis sigue siendo un desafío para los clínicos, en cuanto a su diagnóstico y tratamiento, y el pronóstico empeora a medida que se comprometen más órganos. La principal causa de muerte de los pacientes con amiloidosis obedece a trastornos cardiacos, siendo la segunda causa la falla renal.ABSTRACTA group of rare diseases are called amyloidosis. It is characterized by extracellular fibrillar protein material named amyloid deposit. Renal involvement in systemic amyloidosis is often, giving an unfavorable prognostic, being this one the second death cause in these kind of patients. It aims to show a 55 years old man, hypertensive with a clinical history of 7 months with a progressive edema associated with dyspnea, oliguria and hematuria, reporting nephrotic syndrome in paraclinical patients. The histopathological report reveals accumulation of Congo red coloured material positive in glomerular level and positive iimmune-fluorescence for light chains in mesangial pattern associated with renal Amyloidosis. Amyloidosis is still a challenge for clinical patients. based on its diagnosis and treatment. The prognosis is even worst as more organs are committed. It should be considered that the main cause of death of an amyloidosis patient is cardiac disorders, being renal failure the second cause of death.

La revisión está fundamentada en el aporte en que cada disciplina debe brindar al paciente para un cuidado holístico, entre los cuales están la valoración médica, seguimiento y apoyo psicológico como soporte emocional, valoración y seguimiento nutricional como elemento fundamental en requerimientos primordiales, actividad física que optimice la calidad de vida, actividades sociales que logren incursionar al individuo en grupos activos, seguimiento por parte de enfermería al cumplimiento del tratamiento farmacológico ordenado, educación de auto cuidado y orientación a la familia. Lo novedoso de esta propuesta es básicamente llevar a cabo los cuidados del equipo interdisciplinario para la adherencia del tratamiento. Esta revisión permitió concluir, que los pacientes con Nefritis Lúpica (NL) tratados tras valoración y seguimiento holístico, como sistema de vigilancia y adherencia al tratamiento del cuidado integral, brindan mejor calidad de vida, minimiza los riesgos de complicación del paciente evitando hospitalizaciones recurrente