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Malnutrition problems in children under five can be influenced by energy intake, protein intake and the incidence of diarrhea. The purpose of the study was a factors associated with the incident of malnutrition in children aged 37-59 months at The Center Of Public Health Kaubele Moenleu Biboki District North Central Timor Regency.This study was a correlation descriptive study with a cross sectional approach. The sample consisted of 78 toddlers at the Kaubele The Center Of Public Health, Biboki Moenleu District, North Central Timor Regency, taken by proportional random sampling technique. Data collection instrument using secondary data from weighing results, kueisoner, form SFFQ. Data analysis using chi-square (α = 0.05). The result of this study indicated that there were intake energy good 8 toddlers ( 10.3 % ) , energy less 70 toddlers ( 89.7 % ); protein intake more 2 toddlers ( 2.6 % ) , protein good 32 toddlers ( 41.0 % ) , less 44 toddlers ( 56.4 % ); toddlers who do not diarrhea 36 toddlers ( 46.2 % ) , diarrhea 42 toddlers ( 53.8 % ); toddlers normal weight of 30 toddlers ( 38.5 % ) , toddlers weight less 48 toddlers ( 61.5 % ); There is correlation between intake energy , protein intake and the chain diarrhea with the genesis malnutrition in toddlers ( p = 0.025, p = 0.002 and p = 0.000 ). There is correlation between intake energy , protein intake and the chain diarrhea with the genesis malnutrition in toddlers 37-59 months in The Center Of Public Health Kaubele Biboki Moenleu District North Central Timor Regency.

New indicators have been proposed in order to detect obesity and body fat distribution, such as conicity index (CI). The previous study found that CI has a significant correlation with high body fat in adolescents. This study aimed to assess the association of Conicity Index (CI) with Body Mass Index (BMI) and Body Fat Percentage (%BF) and evaluated the accuracy of CI based on %BF as gold standard for identification of obesity in adolescents. This cross-sectional study consisted of 620 adolescents (283 boys and 337 girls) aged 14-18 years. The correlation was tested using Spearman analysis. Obesity was based on age-and-sex specific body fat percentage cut-off values of body fat reference curves for children from Growth Foundation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to assess the accuracy of CI as a diagnostic test of obesity in adolescents. This study showed that CI was significantly correlated with BMI (boys: r = 0.485, p 0.8) for boys and 1.14 (Se and Sp > 0.6) for girls. In conclusion, CI positively associated with BMI and % BF. CI is more accurate in boys than girls for the screening of excess adiposity in adolescents.

The aimed of study was to evaluate the accuracy of Waist Circumference (WC) and Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR) for identification of excess adiposity in adolescents. The study design was diagnostic study. The subjects consisted of 620 adolescents (283 boys and 337 girls) aged 14-18 years. The classification of excess adiposity termed as overfat and obese was based on age-and sex-specific percent body fat cut-off values of body fat reference curves for children from the Growth Foundation. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses was used to assess the accuracy of WC and WHtR as diagnostic tests of excess adiposity in adolescent. Area under curve (AUC) of WC and WHtR for the diagnostic of overfat were over 0.8 for boys and over 0.9 for girls. Whereas for obese, the AUC of WC and WHtR were over 0.9 for both sexes. The thresholds for defining overfat were 75.25 cm for WC and 0.45 for WHtR (Sensitivity (Se) and Specificity (Sp) >0.8) for boys, and 73.85 cm for WC and 0.49 for WHtR (Se dan Sp >0.8) for girls. The thresholds for defining obese were 86.45 cm for WC and 0.51 for WHtR (Se=1; Sp>0.9) for boys, and 75.60 cm for WC (Se and Sp >0.8) and 0.55 for WHtR (Se>0.8; Sp >0.9) for girls. WC and WHtR are accurate for screening of excess adiposity in adolescents.

Stunting is one of the consequences that arises from a state of malnutrition that lasts a long time. One of the lack of nutrients is proteins. The deficit of intake of animal and vegetable protein will impact on growth. The aim of this study was known the relationship between the intake of animal and vegetable protein and stunting in children aged 3-5 years old in Penawangan Village, Pringapus Subdistrict, Semarang regency. This research was Correlational study with cross-sectional approach. The population in this study was all mothers and children aged 3-5 years old in Penawangan village, Pringapus subdistrict, Semarang regency. It obtained the samples of 64 children with proportional random sampling method. Data collecting used microtoise, bath room scales, and semi-quantitative FFQ. Bivariate analysis used spearman rho (α= 0,05). Most animal protein intake was in the category of severe deficit which was 39.1%, the category of moderate deficit which was 1.6%, the category of mild deficit which was 3.1%, the category of normal which was 37.5%, the category of over which was 18.8%. The intake of vegetable protein was mostly in the category of severe deficit which was 51.6%, the category of moderate deficit which was 32.8%, the category of mild deficit which was 14.1%, the category of normal which was 1.6%. The incidences of stunting were in 33 children (51.6%) and unstunting were in 31 children (48.4%). There was a relationship between the intake of animal protein with the incidences of stunting (p = 0.0001, r = 0.798). There was a relationship between the intake of vegetable protein with the incidences of stunting (p = 0.0001, r = 0.560). There was a relationship between the intake of animal and vegetable protein with stunting in children aged 3-5 years old in Penawangan village, Pringapus subdistrict, Semarang regency.