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CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently considered an important component of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The spectrum of NAFLD includes conditions that range from simple hepatic steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. NAFLD is correlated with liver-related death and is predicted to be the most frequent indication for liver transplantation by 2030. Insulin resistance is directly correlated to the central mechanisms of hepatic steatosis in NAFLD patients, which is strongly correlated to the imbalance of the renin–angiotensin system, that is involved in lipid and glucose metabolism. Among the emerging treatment approaches for NAFLD is the anti-hypertensive agent telmisartan, which has positive effects on liver, lipid, and glucose metabolism, especially through its action on the renin–angiotensin system, by blocking the ACE/AngII/AT1 axis and increasing ACE2/Ang(1–7)/Mas axis activation. However, treatment with this drug is only recommended for patients with an established indication for anti-hypertensive therapy. Thus, there is an increased need for large randomized controlled trials with the aim of elucidating the effects of telmisartan on liver disease, especially NAFLD. From this perspective, the present review aims to provide a brief examination of the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH and the role of telmisartan on preventing liver disorders and thus to improve the discussion on potential therapies.

Objective: To verify the prevalence of common mental disorders and associated factors in nursing technicians. Method: Cross-sectional analytical study conducted at a university hospital. A questionnaire with sociodemographic, educational and work-related variables and the Self Reporting Questionnaire-20 were used to verify the presence of common mental disorders. Association analysis was performed using the chi-squared test, with a significance level of 5%. Results: 280 nursing technicians participated in the study. The prevalence of common mental disorders was 46.9%. The variables family income (p=0.021) and working exclusively in health area (p

Objective To evaluate the interrelations between adiposity, sociodemographic characteristics, and lifestyle of a Brazilian adult population. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study with 808 individuals over 18 years. The structural equation model evaluated the interrelations between sociodemographic conditions, practice of physical activities and food intake in relation to adiposity. Results Age presented a positive and significant effect on adiposity (β = 0.41; p = 0.001) and food intake (β = 0.36; p Conclusion The present study found a significant association between the model's variables, with age advancement and female sex associated with high adiposity.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Background: the complex pathophysiology of obesity includes low-grade chronic inflammation of white adipose tissue, an increase in plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as genetic factors, which have all emerged as important risk factors. Objective: evaluate the association between the TNFα-308G/A variant and sociodemographic, clinical and behavioral variables in an urban population using overall and central obesity as the measured outcome. Methods: a cross-sectional population-based study was conducted. Anthropometric measures and genotyping were assessed in 808 individuals. The associations were tested using the hierarchical theoretical model and multiple logistic regressions. Results: thirty-one percent of subjects were overweight while 19.4% were obese. No association was observed between genotype frequencies of TNFα-308G/A and either obesity or other variables of adiposity, including waist circumference, waist to height ratio, conicity index, and fat mass. However, age, gender, physical inactivity, and other comorbidities were associated with measures of excess adiposity in the hierarchical model. The phase angle of AA genotype was lower than GA and GG genotypes (p < 0.05). Conclusion: the rs1800629 SNP of the TNFA gene was not associated with the adiposity indicators evaluated in this based population study. However, AA genotype is more likely to have low cellular membrane integrity.

Background Recent studies have shown a relationship between adiposity traits and a low-grade inflammation of adipose tissue resulting from chronic activation of the innate immune system as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). However, this association remains controversial. Besides, the Quilombola communities that have presumed different genetic background and it could change the obesity vulnerability. Objective To estimate the association between IL-1β and adiposity traits like obesity or abdominal obesity in Quilombola communities. A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted the northern region of Minas Gerais with the representative sample of 756 individuals aged ≥ 18 years. The swab oral was used for DNA extraction and the IL-1β rs1143634 polymorphism was evaluated by RFLP-PCR. The interviewed and measures were done using specific protocols. It was estimated to outcomes: the overweight (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2), abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥ 88 cm for women and ≥ 102 cm for men), and the high conicity index (≥ 1.18 cm or women e ≥ 1.25 cm for men). Poisson regression multivariate models were constructed considering genotype and the outcomes, adjusted for socioeconomic and lifestyle variables. Results The distribution of IL-1β for the TT genotype was (11.9%), CT (25.1%) and CC (63.0%). The women TT carriers showed a higher regular soft drink consumption (p = 0.048). The height was lower in man TT carriers (p = 0.041) and lower weight (p = 0.025). The CT genotype showed higher BMI (p = 0.037). The CT and TT carriers showed less prevalence ratio to abdominal obesity even adjusted to socioeconomic and lifestyle variables, there no associations between genotype and overweight or high conicity index. Conclusions In conclusion, after socioeconomic and lifestyle adjustment T variant of rs1143634 is a protection factor for central obesity in Quilombola communities.

Background and Objective Recent evidence suggests that the use of fluoxetine could reduce periodontal disease severity. However, the effect of fluoxetine on periodontal disease has not been tested in the context of conditioned fear stress (CFS). We hypothesized that inhibition of chronic stress by fluoxetine might decrease the levels of bone loss in periodontal disease. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of fluoxetine on bone loss in chronic periodontitis. Material and Methods Fourteen Wistar rats were submitted to ligature-induced periodontal disease and divided into four groups (A–D). Groups A (n = 3) and B (n = 4) were not stressed, while Groups C (n = 3) and D (n = 4) were submitted to a CFS paradigm for 38 d. Daily fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) was administered to Groups B and D from day 20 to day 39, at which point the rats were submitted to an open field test and killed on day 40. Mandibles were removed for histological and immunohistochemical analyses. Results Stress was associated with a higher level of bone loss in Group C compared with Group A. Additionally, no differences in bone loss were observed among Groups A, B and D. Conclusion We showed that stress is associated with the progression of bone loss in a CFS model in rats and that fluoxetine treatment reduces the bone loss.

Este estudo objetivou compreender quais os modelos educacionais têm sido aplicados às atividades de educação em saúde. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, sobre o tema “Modelos de Educação” e “Educação em Saúde”, utilizando como referenciais livros-textos contemporâneos de especialistas da área de educação e periódicos sobre tais temas, disponíveis nas principais bases de dados. Os resultados revelaram que o Modelo Tradicional de educação em saúde objetiva transmissão do conhecimento e experiência do educador, atribuindo uma importância suprema ao conteúdo ensinado, esperando que os educandos o absorvam sem modificações e o reproduzam fielmente. Já, o modelo dialógico compreende a educação em saúde como um processo de conscientização, mudança e transformação, caracterizada por uma filosofia emancipatória dos sujeitos. This study aimed at determining which educational models have been applied to the activities health education. This is a review of literature on the topic “Models of Education” and “Health Education”, using as reference contemporary books of specialists in the field of education and journals on such topics available in major databases. The results showed that the Traditional Model of health education aims to transfer the knowledge and experience of the educator, giving a paramount importance to the content taught, hoping that the students absorb unchanged and faithfully reproduce. The model based on dialogue understands the in health education as a process of awareness, change and transformation, characterized by a philosophy of emancipatory subject. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar modelos educativos que se han aplicado a las actividades de educación en salud. Es una revisión de la literatura sobre el tema “Modelos de Educación”, “Educación para la Salud”, utilizando como referencia libros contemporáneos, revistas sobre temas tales disponible en las principales bases de datos. Resultados mostraron que Modelo Tradicional de educación para la salud tiene por objeto transferencia de experiências, conocimientos de al educador, lo que da una importancia primordial a los contenidos enseñados, con esperanza de que estudiantes absorber la misma, la reproducción fiel. Modelo basado en el diálogo entiende la educación para la salud como proceso de sensibilización, el cambio, la transformación, que se caracteriza por una filosofía del sujeto emancipatorio.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Homeopathy is a therapeutic system that uses small doses of substances to stimulate autoregulatory and self-healing processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of the use of homeopathy by the population of Montes Claros, Brazil, and the socioeconomic profile of users. DESIGN AND SETTING: Probabilistic cross-sectional study with cluster sampling, in the city of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. METHODS: This study was conducted by applying semi-structured questionnaires. The sample was composed of 3,080 people. For the statistical analysis, Student's t test and the chi-square test were used. The statistical significance level used was P < 0.05. RESULTS: We interviewed 3,090 people. The prevalence of the use of homeopathy was 2.4%. The factors associated with its use were female gender, schooling and income. The main reason that led to seeking homeopathy was "Conventional treatment did not have any effect". For 70.2% of the users, the cost of the treatment was considered reasonable or cheap. About 73% were satisfied or very satisfied with the treatment received through homeopathy. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of the use of homeopathy found here was less than that reported in other countries. People with higher income and schooling levels used homeopathy more frequently. There was higher prevalence among women. Most users declared themselves satisfied with the treatment received. CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: A homeopatia é um sistema terapêutico que utiliza pequenas doses de substâncias para estimular processos de autocura e autorregulação. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a prevalência de utilização da homeopatia pela população de Montes Claros e o perfil socioeconômico do usuário. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal, probabilístico, por conglomerados, na cidade de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. MÉTODOS: Estudo realizado por meio da aplicação de questionários semi-estruturados. A amostra foi composta por 3.080 pessoas. Na análise estatística, utilizou-se o teste t de Student e o teste do Qui-quadrado. A significância estatística considerada foi P < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Foram entrevistadas 3.090 pessoas. A prevalência de utilização da homeopatia foi de 2,4%. Os fatores associados à utilização foram: gênero feminino, escolaridade e renda. O principal motivo que levou a procura da homeopatia foi "o tratamento convencional não surtiu efeito". Para 70,2% dos usuários o custo do tratamento foi considerado suportável ou barato. Cerca de 73% ficaram satisfeitos ou muito satisfeitos com o tratamento recebido na homeopatia. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de uso de homeopatia encontrada ficou aquém da relatada em outros países. Pessoas com melhores níveis de renda e escolaridade utilizam homeopatia com maior frequência, assim como as mulheres. A maioria dos usuários declarou-se satisfeito com o tratamento recebido.

The main strategy for precocious detention of the cervical cancer is the cytopathologic examination. This objective study to identify the main cultural, social, economic factors, sexual and reproductive aspects and reasons for not the accomplishment of the cytopathologic examination in women; to verify a possible association of these variables with its knowledge on the purpose of this examination. This one is about a transversal study, whith the selection of 45 women registered in cadastre in three teams of the Family Health Strategy of Montes Claros (MG), in the period from September to December of 2006. It was realized the descriptive analysis and statistics, whose considered significance was p

The purpose of this study was to assess the LEPR gene Gln223Arg polymorphism (rs1137101) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and in potentially malignant oral lesions (PMOL) in comparison to normal oral mucosa in a Brazilian population. Smokers (n = 89) were selected from a representative sample of 471 individuals from the general population of Montes Claros, Brazil. Participants were age and gender matched to patients with OSCC (n = 25) and oral epithelial dysplasia (n = 25). We investigated the LEPR Gln223Arg polymorphism (A>G; rs1137101) in these groups. Genotype variants were assessed by RFLP-PCR, using MspI (HPAII) restriction endonuclease. The institutional review board of the Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros approved the study (process number 2667/2011). Written informed consent for this study was obtained from all participants. The GG genotype (Arg223Arg) appears to be the more relevant polymorphic variant in OSCC. It occurred, approximately, twice as frequently in OSCC patients than in the general population. In contrast, the A allele in its homozygosis form (Gln223Gln) is significantly associated with the development of PMOL; 80% of the samples from the PMOL group exhibit AA genotype. Our findings suggest new insights regarding LEPR gene variations in the development of OSCC and PMOL.

Background Data obtained from oral health surveys are very important for identifying disease-susceptible groups and for developing dental care and prevention programs. So, the purpose of the current article was to investigate the prevalence of oral mucosa lesions (OMLs) in a population of Brazilian police. Material and Methods Interviews and oral cavity examinations were performed on a sample of 395 police officers who were randomly selected by the calibrated researcher. The number of individuals was obtained by a sample calculation using the finite population correction. The diagnostic criteria were based on the WHO (1997) criteria and adapted to Brazilian surveys. Results In total, 8.61% of the population presented some OML. Traumatic injuries and benign migratory glossitis (BMG) were the most prevalent lesions. Conclusions The prevalence of potentially malignant disorders was lower than among the Brazilian population.The most prevalent lesion among the police officers was related to trauma. Patients dissatisfied with oral health had a higher risk of presenting OMLs. Key words:Mouth disease, mouth mucosa, military personnel, public health, oral pathology, oral leukoplakia.

Hypertension is responsible for high morbidity and mortality as one of the most important cardiometabolic risk factors. The aim of the study was to investigate whether the Gln223Arg in the leptin receptor (LEPR) influences the prevalence of hypertension. A cross-sectional study was carried out in individuals aged ≥ 18 years. Polymorphism identification was performed using PCR-RFLP analysis. Participants with blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg or medication use were considered hypertensive. Frequencies, means, cross-tabulations, and multivariate models were produced to study differences in hypertension prevalence by genotypes. The study includes 470 participants. The frequency of GG polymorphism variant was 10.43%, 46.81% AG, and 42.77% AA. The distribution of hypertension frequency by LEPR genotypes was the following: AA 43.8%, AG 40.4%, and GG 40.8%; there were no significant differences between groups. Comparative analysis which used multivariate Poisson regression adjusted by many potential confounders (age, sex, schooling, smoking, alcohol intake, obesity, and family history of parental obesity) did not modify this result. In this large sample of population-based study, the association of the LEPR Gln223Arg gene polymorphism with hypertension was not observed.

Objective To evaluate the knowledge about diagnostic imaging methods among primary care and medical emergency physicians. Materials and Methods Study developed with 119 primary care and medical emergency physicians in Montes Claros, MG, Brazil, by means of a structured questionnaire about general knowledge and indications of imaging methods in common clinical settings. A rate of correct responses corresponding to ≥ 80% was considered as satisfactory. The Poisson regression (PR) model was utilized in the data analysis. Results Among the 81 individuals who responded the questionnaire, 65% (n = 53) demonstrated to have satisfactory general knowledge and 44% (n = 36) gave correct responses regarding indications of imaging methods. Respectively, 65% (n = 53) and 51% (n = 41) of the respondents consider that radiography and computed tomography do not use ionizing radiation. The prevalence of a satisfactory general knowledge about imaging methods was associated with medical residency in the respondents' work field (PR = 4.55; IC 95%: 1.18-16.67; p-value: 0.03), while the prevalence of correct responses regarding indication of imaging methods was associated with the professional practice in primary health care (PR = 1.79; IC 95%: 1.16-2.70; p-value: 0.01). Conclusion Major deficiencies were observed as regards the knowledge about imaging methods among physicians, with better results obtained by those involved in primary health care and by residents.

The leptin receptor gene has been reported to associate with insulin and glucose metabolism and adiposity in different study settings and various populations. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the associations of the leptin receptor gene Gln223Arg polymorphism (LEPR Gln223Arg) with high capillary glucose levels. Cross-sectional study with probabilistic sample was carried out in individuals aged ≥18 years in an urban area of Montes Claros, MG, Brazil. The capillary glucose was considered high when ≥140 mg/dL. The genotypes of LEPR Gln223Arg distribution were as the following: 10.43% GG (n=49), 46.81% AG (n=220), and 42.77% AA (n=201), and there were no prevalence differences between genders, (P=0.57). Multivariate-adjusted models showed that there is no association between the polymorphism LEPR Gln223Arg and capillary high levels of glucose even when adjusted for age, sex, smoking, schooling, and parental history of obesity. In conclusion, no association between the polymorphism LEPR Gln223Arg and elevated blood glucose levels was detected.

In the present study, we analyzed sociodemographical and clinical factors, and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG-PS) scale in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. We evaluated the impact of a range of variables on overall survival. We investigated a sample of HNSCC patients (n = 671), using sociodemographical and clinical information, and survival data collected from a review of epidemiological, clinical, and treatment reports. Statistical associations were analyzed by bivariate and multivariate statistical tests. Statistical significance was set at p

Inserido no universo do cuidado de enfermagem à pessoa idosa, o estudo descreve o perfil sociodemográfico e verifica o uso de medicação segundo gênero em idosos cadastrados em um PSF. MÉTODO: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal com pesquisa de campo. Utilizou-se o questionário semiestruturado, possibilitando identificar o perfil desses usuários, as principais morbidades, os medicamentos utilizados e as dificuldades relatadas por eles quanto ao uso dos medicamentos. O universo foi de 211 idosos. Na análise dos dados utilizou-se o programa SPSS, priorizando a associação estatística de forma analítica. RESULTADOS: Entre os idosos em uso de medicamentos, verificou-se predominância feminina, renda familiar e escolaridade baixas, idosos vivendo com familiares e sem dificuldades no uso de medicamentos. Uso de medicamentos foi comum em mais de 90% dos idosos. Verificou-se associação para "ausência de dificuldades no uso do medicamento" e "orientações do PSF" (P

Objective Resveratrol (RSV) is the most studied natural compound that activates sirtuins, which produce beneficial metabolic effects on lipid and glucose metabolism. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of resveratrol in preventing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and expression of liver inflammatory markers in mice treated with a high-fat diet. Methods and procedures Eighteen male mice were divided into three groups and fed for 60 d with a standard diet (ST), high-fat diet (HFD), or high-fat diet plus resveratrol (HFD + RSV, 30 mg/kg/d). Body weight, food intake, and serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, insulin, alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were evaluated. Liver histology was analyzed. Expression of ACC, PPAR-γ, ChREBP, SREBP-1 c, CPT-1, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), NF-κB, interleukin 1 β (IL-1 β), and SIRT1 were evaluated by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). Results The major finding of the present study was that RSV reduced body fat, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, transaminases, and insulin plasma level. These results were accompanied with a significant reduction in TNF-α, IL-6, and NF-κB mRNA expression in the liver. Analyses of liver adipogenesis related genes indicated that ACC, PPAR-γ, and SREBP-1 mRNA expression were significantly suppressed in HFD + RSV mice. In addition, we observed increased expression of SIRT1 in the HFD + RSV group. Conclusions We observed that treatment with resveratrol improved lipid metabolism, and decreased NAFLD and pro-inflammatory profile in liver of mice with obesity-inducible diets. These data suggest an important clinical application of RSV in preventing liver diseases.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência de obesidade abdominal e fatores associados em comunidades quilombolas do norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado em 2019, a partir de entrevistas estruturadas e mensuração do perímetro da cintura; empregou-se regressão de Poisson, separada por sexo, para calcular razões de prevalência (RP) da obesidade abdominal ajustadas pelas variáveis independentes e intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Resultados: 56,6% (IC95% 50,9;62,0) dos quilombolas observados apresentaram obesidade abdominal; na análise ajustada, entre homens, verificou-se associação do desfecho com idade de ≥60 anos (60-69 anos: RP=2,52 - IC95% 1,33;4,75), não ser tabagista (RP=1,73 - IC95% 1,17;2,55) e referir hipertensão arterial (RP=1,42 - IC95% 1,11;1,80), enquanto, nas mulheres, associou-se com idade ≥50 anos (50-59 anos: RP=1,25 - IC95% 1,01;1,54), ex-tabagismo (RP=1,26 - IC95% 1,00;1,58), consumo de frango com pele (RP=1,09 - IC95% 1,00;1,19) e hipertensão (RP=1,22 - IC95% 1,11;1,36). Conclusão: Encontrou-se prevalência de obesidade abdominal alta entre os quilombolas, maior nos idosos, hipertensos, fumantes e ex-fumantes.

INTRODUÇÃO: A rinite alérgica é uma condição clínica comum que apresenta sintomas diversos num significante número de pacientes, deteriorando a qualidade de vida daqueles refratários aos tratamentos usuais (anti-histamínicos e corticosteróides nasais tópicos). Apresentando princípios curativos similares, a imunoterapia sublingual e a homeopatia podem reduzir os sintomas e a necessidade de medicamentos na rinite alérgica, embora a eficácia e a efetividade de ambas terapêuticas não sejam ainda suficientemente conhecidas. OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a efetividade clínica do tratamento homeopático individualizado prolongado, comparativamente ao placebo, em adultos portadores de rinite alérgica perene. MÉTODOS: Um total de 41 pacientes com rinite alérgica perene foi alocado numa primeira fase duplo-cego e placebo-controlada durante seis meses, sendo tratada com doses sublinguais semanais de medicamentos homeopáticos individualizados ou placebo. Após esta fase inicial fechada, todos os pacientes foram convidados a participar de uma segunda fase controlada aberta, em que receberiam tratamento homeopático pelo período máximo de 36 meses, e os resultados foram comparados com a melhora da fase inicial. O escore dos sinais e sintomas, a necessidade de medicamentos de resgate e a qualidade de vida foram mensurados por questionários e avaliações clínicas pessoais, aplicadas por um mesmo avaliador independente, antes e após cada fase. As doses dos medicamentos homeopáticos e de resgate utilizados, assim como os efeitos colaterais, foram documentados num diário pessoal. Os desfechos clínicos primário e secundários foram, respectivamente, os escores dos sinais e sintomas alérgicos específicos e gerais. Títulos da IgE total foram mensurados antes e após cada fase. RESULTADOS: Após os seis meses da fase placebo-controlada inicial, na análise por protocolo de todos os pacientes incluídos no estudo, não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos ativo e placebo nos escores clínicos, na utilização de drogas de resgate, na qualidade de vida e nos títulos da IgE total. Entretanto, as análises dos subgrupos da segunda fase mostraram uma crescente e significativa melhora nos desfechos clínicos primário e secundários após 12 meses de tratamento homeopático individualizado, comparativamente à variação de melhora dos mesmos pacientes na fase inicial fechada. Diferença significativa na qualidade de vida foi observada apenas após o segundo ano de tratamento homeopático. CONCLUSÃO: Neste estudo, o tratamento homeopático foi acompanhado de um significante efeito placebo. A efetividade da homeopatia pôde ser observada após 12 meses da terapêutica, apresentando efeito preventivo de longa duração após 36 meses de tratamento homeopático individualizado. INTRODUCTION: Allergic rhinitis is a common clinical condition which presented several symptoms in a significant number of patients, deteriorating the quality of life in those resistant to the usual treatments (antihistamines and topical nasal corticosteroids). Presenting similar curative principles, sublingual immunotherapy and homeopathy can reduce symptoms and medication requirements in allergic rhinitis, although the efficacy and effectiveness of both therapeutics are not still sufficiently known. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate clinical effectiveness of prolonged individualized homeopathic treatment, compared with placebo, in adults with perennial allergic rhinitis. METHODS: A total of 41 adults with perennial allergic rhinitis were enrolled in a first double-blind placebo-controlled phase for six months, and treated on a weekly basis with sublingual doses of single individualized homeopathic medicines or placebo. After this closed initial phase, all patients were invited to participate in an open label controlled phase, in that they would receive homeopathic treatment for the maximum period of 36 months, and the results were compared with the improvement of the initial phase. Signs and symptoms scores, rescue medication requirements and quality of life were assessed by questionnaires and personal clinical evaluation by a same independent researcher, before and after each phase. Applied homeopathic and rescue drugs dosage, and side effects were documented by diary cards. Primary and secondary clinical outcome were, respectively, specific and general allergic signs and symptoms scores. Total IgE titles were performed before and after each phase. RESULTS: After six months of placebo-controlled phase, analyzing all patients included in the study per protocol, we observed no significant difference between treatment and placebo groups in primary and secondary clinical outcomes, use of rescue drugs, quality of life and total IgE. However, second phase subgroups analysis showed a significant and growing improvement of clinical symptoms after 12 months of individualized homeopathic treatment, comparatively to the same patients\' variation in closed initial phase. Significant difference in quality of life score were observed only after second homeopathic treatment year. CONCLUSION: In this study, homeopathic treatment was accompanied by a significant placebo effect. Effectiveness of homeopathy could be seen after 12 months of therapy, presenting preventive effect of long duration after 36 months of individualized homeopathic treatment.