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Aim To create awareness about rare clotting disorders in children and to highlight the different dental treatment approaches that can be used while planning the management in such cases. Background A prerequisite for successful wound healing is achieving good hemostasis by effective vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, and finally blood coagulation. In the general population, postoperative bleeding after dental treatment is self-limiting. However, a certain segment of the population does suffer from inherited bleeding and clotting disorders, where in standard invasive dental procedures can trigger bleeding episodes, which could be life-threatening in absence of the requisite precautionary measures being followed. Case description One such condition is congenital factor XIII deficiency, a rare autosomal recessive disease usually associated with early onset of serious or life-threatening bleeding episodes, such as, intracranial hemorrhage or umbilical cord bleeding. This case series details the complete dental management of three children suffering from factor XIII deficiency. Conclusion Factor XIII is a rare coagulation cascade, and by this case series, complete dental treatment varying from noninvasive to be kept under observation to invasive dental extraction and fracture reduction was carried out with the hematologists consultations. Clinical significance This case series creates awareness about this rare condition and the need for a multidisciplinary approach involving dentists and hematologists in the effective management of such patients. How to cite this article Pai NG, Mehta LK, Padhye NM, et al. Dental Management of Factor XIII Deficiency Patients: A Case Series. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;XX(X):1-4.

Background This article describes a novel surgical technique, the buccally displaced flap, for keratinized mucosa (KM) augmentation during implant uncovering. Furthermore, it clinically compares this technique with sub-epithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) for peri-implant KM augmentation. Twelve weeks following implant placement, subjects were randomly divided for KM augmentation into group A (buccally displaced flap) and group B (SCTG). The width (WKM) and thickness (TKM) of the KM were assessed prior to the implant uncovering, 4 weeks and 1 year after implant loading. Post-operative pain assessment was performed using the Numeric Rating Scale. Results The study comprised of 20 implants that were uncovered in 20 subjects. For group A, the mean WKM increased from 0.98 (± 0.23 mm) to 3.01 mm (± 0.18 mm), and the mean TKM increased from 1.45 (± 0.13 mm) to 2.21 mm (± 0.16 mm) at 1 year. For group B, the mean WKM increased from 0.93 (± 0.18 mm) to 3.28 mm (± 0.13 mm), and the mean TKM increased from 1.41 (± 0.15 mm) to 2.25 mm (± 0.11 mm) at 1 year. Post-operative pain was significantly higher for group B 4.15 (± 1.35) as compared to group A 2.6 (± 1.22) (p < 0.001). Conclusion The buccally displaced flap increased the WKM and TKM during implant uncovering, with results comparable to SCTG. The main advantages of the technique were lack of sutures, maintenance of blood supply, reducing number of surgical sites, and it was relatively atraumatic with lesser post-operative pain. Trial registration Clinical trials registry—India CTRI/2019/09/021059. Date of registration—September 4, 2019, retrospectively registered.

Aim: Implant dentistry has gained immense popularity in the field of oral rehabilitation. However, a lack of patient awareness about the procedure, its advantages, and limitations results in a lack of their active participation in the treatment plan. The aim of this study was, with the help of a questionnaire, to assess up-to-date patients' perspectives on dental implants and its cost. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire-based survey of 14 questions was distributed among 1000 randomly selected participants attending ten private clinics in the city of Mumbai, India. Frequencies and percentages of the responses were tabulated and calculated. Results: Among the participants of the survey, 90.5% were of the opinion that missing teeth should be replaced, but only 53.6% were aware about dental implants. About 65.7% of these individuals received information about dental implants from dentists and 42.3% considered the implant to last for a lifetime. About 39.4% of the participants thought that the biggest advantage of the implant was a fixed replacement to a missing tooth, whereas the high cost associated with the procedure was the biggest disadvantage as considered by 43.7% of participants. A majority of them (75.9%) expressed that treatment was nonaffordable; however, they were willing to learn more about the treatment modality. Conclusion: The survey concluded that 53.6% of the Indian metropolitan population had heard about dental implants as a treatment option but considered it expensive. Improved doctor–patient communication would be needed to avoid misconceptions regarding the implant therapy and the cost associated with it.

Eighteen international EPR laboratories participated in the second intercomparison programme. Each participant had to prepare enamel samples and evaluate the absorbed dose from molars that were irradiated in vitro in the range 0-1000 mGy. The objective of the programme was to bring together all methods which are currently applied by different laboratories for EPR dose reconstruction and to demonstrate the present state of dosimetry. An overview of the essential features of the different methods is presented. The current accuracy of EPR tooth enamel dosimetry under defined conditions of irradiation is evaluated. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Quality assurance programmes must be in operation at radiation processing facilities to satisfy national and international Standards. Since dosimetry has a vital function in these QA programmes, it is imperative that the dosimetry systems in use at these facilities are well calibrated with a traceability to a Primary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory. As a service to the Member States, the International Atomic Energy Agency operates the International Dose Assurance Service (IDAS) to assist in this process. The transfer standard dosimetry system that is used for this service is based on ESR spectrometry. The paper describes the activities undertaken at the IAEA Dosimetry Laboratory to establish the QA programme for its reference dosimetry system. There are four key elements of such a programme: quality assurance manual; calibration that is traceable to a Primary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory; a clear and detailed statement of uncertainty in the dose measurement; and, periodic quality audit.

High-powered, 10-MeV linear accelerators offer advantages for sterilization of medical products. A highly effective quality assurance program must be in place to ensure the appropriate dose is delivered to each product unit and that all required documentation is produced. The key elements of such a program are establishing the routine processing window for each product, maintaining process control and demonstrating compliance.

The International Atomic Energy Agency has established a dose quality audit service for radiation processing facilities. The objective of the service is to provide an independent check on the routine dosimetry system in use at the facility. The audit service is based on the use of alanine EPR dosimetry. Generally, alanine dosimeters are irradiated at the facility together with a product, and the response is then analyzed at the IAEA laboratory. Practice of the audit service has shown that the main uncertainty in alanine dosimetry is due to absence of temperature control at the irradiation facilities. Here, a method for stabilizing the temperature of the dosimeter during irradiation is proposed.

This communication describes some basic principles of radiation that are relevant for understanding its use in vascular brachytherapy. It describes various characteristics of gamma-rays and beta-particles, including their interaction with matter such as tissues. It also explains different terms and concepts such as radioactivity, half-life, absorbed dose, range which would help the brachytherapy practitioners appreciate the physics aspects of the therapy.

At present, the most commonly used transfer dosimeters for radiotherapy applications are TL dosimeters. They are being used for intercomparison between SSDLs (about 70) and the IAEA dosimetry laboratory. However, there are some undesirable characteristics of this dosimetry system. We have a study in progress at the IAEA to evaluate the alanine-ESR system as an alternative to TLDs. There are several desirable qualities which make alanine an attractive dosimeter. Preliminary data suggest that the alanine-ESR dosimetry system has the potential to replace TLDs for intercomparison amongst SSDLs in the therapy-level dose region.