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Introduction This study explores how the emergence of FDA-funded Tobacco Regulatory Science (TRS) research complements and perhaps influenced the direction of tobacco research supported by NIH. Aims and Methods New NIH- and FDA-funded tobacco projects awarded in fiscal years (FY) 2011–2020 were identified using internal NIH databases of awarded grants. Project abstracts and research aims were coded by the authors to characterize research domains and tobacco products studied. Results Between FY 2011 and 2020, NIH funded 1032 and FDA funded 322 new tobacco projects. For the years and grant activity codes studied, the number of new NIH tobacco projects declined while FDA’s increased; combined the number of new projects held steady. Much of NIH research included smoking combustibles (43.7%). The most common products in FDA research were cigarettes (74.8%) and e-cigarettes/ENDS (48.1%). Most NIH (58.6%) and FDA (67.7%) projects included research on the determinants of tobacco use. Another area of apparent overlap was health effects (29.5% NIH and 30.1% FDA). Projects unique to NIH included treatment interventions (33.3%), disease pathology/progression (17.8%) and neurobiology (18.9%). A minority of both NIH and FDA projects included populations particularly vulnerable to tobacco product use. Conclusions In total, support for new tobacco research supported by NIH and FDA combined remained steady for the time period covered, though there was a concomitant decline in NIH tobacco projects with the increase in FDA-funded TRS projects for the activity codes studied. Despite the apparent overlap in some areas, both NIH and FDA support research that is unique to their respective missions. Implications NIH continues to support tobacco research that falls within and outside of FDA’s regulatory authorities. This research still is needed not only to bolster the evidence base for regulatory decisions at the national and state levels, but also to advance a comprehensive scientific agenda that can inform multiple levels of influence on tobacco control, use and addiction. It will be important to continue monitoring FDA-funded TRS and NIH-funded tobacco research portfolios to ensure that the level of support for and focus of the research is sufficient to address the burden of tobacco-related morbidity and mortality.

Osteoporosis is a major health problem in postmenopausal women globally. This study determined the mechanism through which coelogin stimulates osteoblastogenesis and its osteoprotective and bone regenerating potential. Coelogin effect on primary calvarial osteoblast cells was determined by measuring alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralization, osteoblast survival, and apoptosis and protein expression studies. The osteoprotective effect of coelogin was also evaluated on osteopenic adult female Swiss mice. At autopsy, bones were collected for dynamic and histomorphometry studies. Serum samples were also collected for assessment of serum parameters. Coelogin treatment led to increased osteoblast proliferation, survival, differentiation, and mineralization in osteoblast cells. Coelogin supplementation to Ovx mice promoted new bone formation, prevented Ovx-induced deterioration of bone microarchitecture, and enhanced bone regeneration. In addition, signaling studies revealed that coelogin treatment activates the ER-Erk and Akt-dependent signaling pathways which stimulate the osteoblastogenesis in osteoblast cells.

This experiment was conducted to determine the fasting effects on anthropometric parameters and salivary antioxidant properties in girls and boys. Saliva samples were collected from eighteen healthy girls (control-09 & fasting-09 girls) and twelve healthy boys (control-06 & fasting-06 boys). Saliva was collected four times from all the subjects at a time interval of two hours. For anthropometric parameters, body weight, body temperature, pulse rate (PR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was measured during each saliva collection time. Antioxidant parameters of all the saliva samples were evaluated. Most of the anthropometric parameters like temperature, PR, SBP, and DBP of the fasting group was significantly (p

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women globally and in India. Papillary lesions of the breast constitute around 5% of all the breast lesions. They encompasses a morphologically heterogeneous group of lesions, all of which share a growth pattern characterised by the presence of arborescent fibrovascular stalks lined by epithelial cells with or without a layer of myoepithelial cells. Invasive papillary carcinoma is an invasive adenocarcinoma which has predominant papillary morphology >90% in the invasive component. Invasive micropapillary carcinoma is a rare type accounting for only 0.9 to 2.0% of all invasive breast tumours. Encapsulated papillary carcinoma consists of fibrous capsule surrounding a nodule composed of delicate fibrovascular stalks, covered by monomorphic population of neoplastic epithelial cells. Micropapillary carcinoma is characterized by higher incidence of lymph node metastasis and lymphovascular invasion resulting in poor prognosis. The purpose of this study is to share the last 13 years experience regarding papillary lesions of breast in the department of pathology in our institute. Material and Methods: A 13-year (2006-2019) retrospective review of database of patients diagnosed with breast cancer was performed. The medical records of 8 patients with papillary breast cancer who underwent surgery were retrieved and their clinical data, surgical treatment and pathological findings were reviewed. Results: A total of 884 patients underwent mastectomy for invasive breast cancer during the 13 year period. Out of 884 patients, eight were diagnosed with papillary carcinoma breast (0.90%). Amongst the eight, three were diagnosed as invasive papillary carcinoma, two as encapsulated papillary carcinoma and rest three as invasive micropapillary carcinoma. The mean age of presentation was 63.3 (range 45-80) years. The tumour size ranged between 3.5 to 6cm in its greatest dimension. Two out of eight patients had lymph node metastasis with no distant metastasis. Conclusion: Papillary carcinoma of the breast is a rare entity, the reported incidence of pure micropapillary carcinomas is 0.9 to 2% of all breast cancers. It is associated commonly with lymph node metastasis at the time of presentation and have relatively poor prognosis. Much lower prevalence of papillary carcinoma breast was seen in our institutional study.

Background Little is known about factors associated with engagement with online interventions for psychosis. This review aimed to synthesise existing data from relevant literature to develop a working model of potential variables that may impact on engagement with online interventions for psychosis. Methods Online databases were searched for studies relevant to predictors of engagement with online interventions for psychosis; predictors of Internet use amongst individuals with psychosis; and predictors of engagement with traditional psychosocial treatments for psychosis. Data were synthesised into a conceptual model highlighting factors relevant to engagement with online interventions for psychosis. Results Sixty-one studies were identified. Factors relevant to engagement related directly to the impact of psychosis, response to psychosis, integration of technology into daily lives and intervention aspects. Conclusion While several candidate predictors were identified, there is minimal research specifically investigated predictors of engagement with online interventions for psychosis. Further investigation examining both individual- and intervention-related factors is required to inform effective design and dissemination of online interventions for psychosis., Highlights • Engagement may be associated with illness factors such as the impact of psychotic symptoms. • Engagement may be associated with one's exposure to technology including computer literacy. • Engagement may be associated with individuals' response to psychosis including recovery style and internalised stigma. • Intervention design factors such as adjunct support may assist to overcome challenges with engagement.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. It is similar to influenza viruses and raises concerns through alarming levels of spread and severity resulting in an ongoing pandemic worldwide. Within eight months (by August 2020), it infected 24.0 million persons worldwide and over 824 thousand have died. Drones or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are very helpful in handling the COVID-19 pandemic. This work investigates the drone-based systems, COVID-19 pandemic situations, and proposes an architecture for handling pandemic situations in different scenarios using real-time and simulation-based scenarios. The proposed architecture uses wearable sensors to record the observations in Body Area Networks (BANs) in a push-pull data fetching mechanism. The proposed architecture is found to be useful in remote and highly congested pandemic areas where either the wireless or Internet connectivity is a major issue or chances of COVID-19 spreading are high. It collects and stores the substantial amount of data in a stipulated period and helps to take appropriate action as and when required. In real-time drone-based healthcare system implementation for COVID-19 operations, it is observed that a large area can be covered for sanitization, thermal image collection, and patient identification within a short period (2 KMs within 10 minutes approx.) through aerial route. In the simulation, the same statistics are observed with an addition of collision-resistant strategies working successfully for indoor and outdoor healthcare operations. Further, open challenges are identified and promising research directions are highlighted., Comment: 25 pages, 29 figures

Background While female involvement in voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) has been studied among adults, little is known about the influence of adolescent females on their male counterparts. This study explored adolescent females’ involvement in VMMC decision making and the postoperative wound healing process in South Africa, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe. Methods Across 3 countries, 12 focus group discussions were conducted with a total of 90 adolescent females (aged 16–19 years). Individual in-depth interviews were conducted 6–10 weeks post-VMMC with 92 adolescent males (aged 10–19 years). Transcribed and translated qualitative data were coded into categories and subcategories by 2 independent coders. Results Adolescent female participants reported being supportive of male peers’ decisions to seek VMMC, with the caveat that some thought VMMC gives males a chance to be promiscuous. Regardless, females from all countries expressed preference for circumcised over uncircumcised sexual partners. Adolescent females believed VMMC to be beneficial for the sexual health of both partners, viewed males with a circumcised penis as more attractive than uncircumcised males, used their romantic relationships with males or the potential for sex as leveraging points to convince males to become circumcised, and demonstrated supportive attitudes in the wound-healing period. Interviews with males confirmed that encouragement from females was a motivating factor in seeking VMMC. Conclusions Adolescent female participants played a role in convincing young males to seek VMMC and remained supportive of the decision postprocedure. Programs aiming to increase uptake of VMMC and other health-related initiatives for adolescent males should consider the perspective and influence of adolescent females.

Radix entomolaris (RE) is the presence of an extra root in the lingual aspect of the mandibular molars. This is a rare anatomic variant, prevalence of which ranges between 5.96 and 6.67% in the Indian population. For a successful endodontic management, detection of these extra roots is important. In conventional radiography, these extra roots tend to be overlapped; thus, cone- beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides a noninvasive technique to study the internal and external anatomy and aids in proper detection. The endodontic treatment of RE requires some modifications in the endodontic treatment as compared with the common two-rooted anatomic variant. This article presents a clinical case report of successful detection and endodontic man- agement of mandibular first and second molar with extralingual root using CBCT as a diagnostic tool. This case report involves the endodontic treatment and presence of extra roots in both the mandibular first molar and second molar simultaneously in a single patient of Indian origin, which is a rare finding and has not been reported in endodontic literature till date. How to cite this article Qureshi R, Agarwal M, Singh MP, Singh SK, Sharma K. Endodontic Management of a Rare Ana- tomic Variation of Radix Entomolaris in Mandibular First and Second Molar using Cone-beam Computed Tomography as a Diagnostic Aid. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2017;7(1):30-33.

Polypharmacy is a common issue when caring for older adults. Albeit clinically justified for some patients, it is critical that the interprofessional team constantly reevaluates the patient’s medication list to minimize negative consequences such as adverse drug events or prescribing cascade. There are many reasons polypharmacy occurs, but it is the role of every healthcare professional to try to address it, especially the pharmacist. Pharmacists can play a key role in educating older adults and their care team about medication-related problems such as drug interactions and potential side effects.

The Medication Therapy Management (MTM) Program Standardized Format (SF) is a written summary of a comprehensive medication review (CMR) that must be provided to Medicare Part D beneficiaries. Concerns have been raised regarding the number of pages of the SF, mailing costs, the static nature of the document, and the lack of integration into beneficiaries' electronic health records. To date, limited research exists on beneficiaries' perceptions of the SF.To evaluate the perspectives of beneficiaries regarding the utility of the SF to inform potential modifications for optimal use.An online survey, designed based on the standard approach to measuring patient satisfaction with health service attributes and previous qualitative research, was distributed through Medicare Part D plans to beneficiaries who had received a CMR in the past year. Survey distribution began July 1, 2018, and data collection ended on October 31, 2018. Descriptive statistics are reported for demographic information; health status; perceived value and helpfulness of the SF and its 3 components (cover letter, medication action plan [MAP], personal medication list [PML]); updates to the SF; alternate formatting; and integration of the SF into health records.A total of 9,975 surveys were sent electronically by 4 Medicare Part D plans to beneficiaries who had received a CMR in the past year. Of the 434 unduplicated survey respondents (response rate of 4.3%), 58.5% were aged 65 to 84 years; 60% identified themselves as white; and 49.1% had at least a college education. The most commonly reported comorbidities were diabetes (50.5%) and high cholesterol (43.1%), with 10.7% of respondents rating their health as "very good" or "excellent" and 27.4% choosing "poor" or "fair." Beneficiaries rated how well the SF helped improve different aspects of their medication management (e.g., solving medication-related problems, keeping track of medications, correctly using medications, and understanding why medications are being taken), with 40.8%-44.9% choosing "very good" to "excellent" for each aspect. Helpful sections included "What we talked about" and "What I need to do"for the MAP, and medication name, strength, dosage form, and "How and why I use the medication" for the PML. Less helpful were the fill-in sections of the MAP, with 48.6% reporting that they did not write in any information. In contrast, 44.7% of the participants noted that they updated their PML. A wallet card version of the PML, if available, would be used by 54.6% of participants. About one third of Medicare beneficiaries shared the SF with their doctor, and 26% of the participants gave copies of their medication summary to their relatives.Fewer than half of the respondents perceived the SF as very good or excellent in helping them to manage their medications. This national survey provides Medicare beneficiary-focused evidence that more work is needed to improve the usability and portability of the SF. This can be achieved by allowing flexibility in the design of the SF, while including essential elements.This study was funded by the Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy (AMCP), which provided a grant to the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy to conduct this study. Carden and Kumbera are AMCP employees. Brandt reports a grant from IMPAQ and consulting fees from Rand, outside of this study. Pellegrin is a member of the AMCP MTM Advisory Board. The other authors have nothing to disclose.

Background To evaluate the efficacy of tulsi extract mouthrinse in reducing halitosis as compared to chlorhexidine and hydrogen peroxide mouthrinses using spectrophotometric analysis. Material and methods It was a parallel, single center, double blinded randomized controlled trial of 15 days duration. A total of 300 participants were screened, out of which 45 subjects those fulfilled inclusion criteria of age range 17-35 years were included in the trial. The participants were randomly provided with tulsi, hydrogen peroxide or chlorhexidine mouthwashes (control group) to use 10 ml twice daily for 15 days. Clinical measurements were taken at baseline and 15 days using arbitrary 0-5 scale for organoleptic odor assessments, spectrophotometric analysis for Volatile Sulphide Compounds (VSCs) from saliva samples, Loe & Silness gingival index and Silness & Loe plaque index. Results After intervention, organoleptic, VSCs, gingival and plaque scores showed statistically significant decrease in all the three study groups. The mean percentage reduction in VSC and organoleptic scores was significantly greater in chlorhexidine and hydrogen peroxide groups than in the tulsi group and the mean percentage reduction in plaque and gingival scores was significantly greater in chlorhexidine group than in hydrogen peroxide and tulsi group. Conclusions Tulsi may not have the efficacy of chlorhexidine and hydrogen peroxide mouthrinses. But, Tulsi is effective in reducing halitosis, plaque and gingivitis and with its lack of side effects & cost effectiveness, can be an effective & economic tool to deal with halitosis. The spectrophotometric technique appears to be a promising method for evaluation of oral malodor. Key words:Halitosis, tulsi mouthwash, chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide, spectrophotometric analysis.

Objective: The study's objective is to compare the effects of usual care group (UCG) versus accelerated rehabilitation group (ARG) on pain, range of motion (ROM), and function. Methods: A total of thirty participants participated in the study; they were randomly allocated to two groups. They were allocated to either the UCG or AR group, and baseline characteristics were documented. Outcome measures were measured on two occasions, before starting treatment protocol and second after completing the study's protocol. The interventions were administered for 2 weeks, with four sessions a week for eight sessions. The principal outcome measure was pain measured using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale. The secondary outcome measure was ankle ROM and function measured on the Lower Extremity Functional Scale. Results: Within-group analysis showed significant improvements in both the groups. There was no significant difference between the groups at the end of the treatment protocol. Conclusion: The groups did not differ at 2 weeks postacute inversion ankle sprains in the measured outcome measures.

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive cancers with a 5-year patient survival rate of 8.2% and limited availability of therapeutic agents to target metastatic disease. Pancreatic cancer is characterized by a dense stromal cell population with unknown contribution to the progression or suppression of tumor growth. In this study, we describe a microengineered tumor stromal assay of patient-derived pancreatic cancer cells to study the heterotypic interactions of patient pancreatic cancer cells with different types of stromal fibroblasts under basal and drug-treated conditions. The population dynamics of tumor cells in terms of migration and viability were visualized as a functional end point. Coculture with cancer-associated fibroblasts increased the migration of cancer cells when compared to dermal fibroblasts. Finally, we imaged the response of a bromodomain and extraterminal inhibitor on the viability of pancreatic cancer clusters surrounding by stroma in microengineered tumor stromal assay. We visualized a codynamic reduction in both cancer and stromal cells with bromodomain and extraterminal treatment compared to the dimethyl sulfoxide-treated group. This study demonstrates the ability to engineer tumor–stromal assays with patient-derived cells, study the role of diverse types of stromal cells on cancer progression, and precisely visualize a coculture during the screening of therapeutic compounds.

IntroductionEuropean agencies evaluate the adverse events (AEs) of asthma drugs in studies. The impact of these evaluations on reimbursement decisions remains unclear.MethodsAdult asthma evaluations were accessed from initial regulatory decision by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) through reimbursement evaluations. Omalizumab and reslizumab were chosen for the comparison of an older with a newer asthma drug. A timeline was then constructed to evaluate the effect of AEs on reimbursement recommendations. Evaluations from the United Kingdom (NICE) were not used because their documents are not as complete or in depth, including those from Sweden (TLV) and Germany (IQWIG).ResultsOmalizumab was first approved as add-on therapy to improve asthma control in October 2005. Of the 6 decisions made between 2006 and 2012, safety information was found in 4 of them, all from 2006 and evaluated by either Scotland (SMC) or France (HAS). These desicions all received either a ‘Do not recommend’ or a ‘Recommend with restrictions’ decision. Reslizumab was first approved as add-on therapy for patients with severe eosinophilic asthma in August 2016. Of the 9 decisions made in 2017, safety information was found in 5 decisions evaluated by IQWiG, Germany (G-BA), HAS, or SMC, which gave them a Do not recommend, Recommend with restrictions, or Recommend decision. Of the Do not recommend decisions, both the omalizumab and reslizumab safety evaluations mentioned common AEs (worsening asthma) and less common AEs (malignant tumors). Of the Recommend with restrictions decisions, the same AEs were seen. Only reslizumab had Recommended decisions. In the safety evaluation, there were no specific AEs named.ConclusionsThe impact of AEs on reimbursement decisions could not be detected when comparing omalizumab and reslizumab reviews, as other factors may contribute to the decisions. Further research should be conducted to explore this issue.

In the season of unbelievable advancement from climate news to online request is known with the assistance of employments in the light weight systems. Through this paper we built up a strategy which helps in yearning of benign and malignant tumor of a patient by metric assessment. By utilizing this procedure we diminish the credits required to expect the breast disease in the light weight structures which has less figuring power.

Aim: The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of use and need for dental prostheses and to associate need with the life course determinants in young adults of age 18–35 years in Udupi taluk, Karnataka, India. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional survey conducted on a total of 580 individuals those attended dental screening camps organized at random locations. A self-administered questionnaire was administered to participants to assess their life course determinants such as socioeconomic, behavioral, and psychological circumstances followed by an oral examination to assess their prosthetic status (WHO, 1997). Bivariate analysis followed by multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for independent variables and the outcome. Results: The need and use of dental prostheses was observed in 38% and 2.2% of young adults, respectively. Adjusted multivariable analysis revealed that life course determinants such as parental rearing style (OR = 7.66 [95% CI: 3.88–15.14]) and interaction between expenditure at 10 years of age and economic hardships at 10 years of age (OR = 9.63 [95% CI: 3.12–29.72] and OR = 6.43 [95% CI: 1.89–21.88]) were significantly associated with the need for prostheses. Conclusion: The need for dental prostheses in the young adults can be related to socioeconomic and psychosocial circumstances during childhood, and thus the concept of life course approach has been highlighted.

Globally, more than 600 million school-age children are at risk of infection with soil-transmitted helminths (STH) and require treatment [1]. These infected children frequently carry the largest burden of disease in a community and are at greater risk of malnutrition and anaemia [2–5], with detrimental effects on educational access and learning as well as mental and physical performance [4,6–10]. Many of these detrimental effects of helminth infection, however, are reversible with antihelminthic drugs [9–11]; thus, the World Health Organization (WHO) advocates reaching a minimum target of regular administration of antihelminthics to at least 75%, and up to 100%, of school-age children at risk of morbidity from STH infection by 2020 [1,12]. The high levels of safety and efficacy of antihelminthic tablets make them ideal for mass drug administration (MDA), and recommended control efforts consist of antihelminthic treatment, administered through MDA, once a year for school-age children in whom STH infection prevalence is between 20% and 49% and twice a year for all school-age children in whom prevalence is at least 50% [13]. By providing easy access to large numbers of children in a structured setting, the school-based deworming model has been successfully used to administer these antihelminthics in multiple settings [14–16]. Thus, school-based deworming, in which the point of care for children is the school and the teachers are administers of the drugs, with critical oversight by health care staff, is recommended in order to cost-effectively and efficiently reach large numbers of children [14–17]. Despite the availability of cheap and efficacious drugs, WHO goals of reaching 75% of at-risk children by 2020 is not on target [18]. Clearly, in order to achieve WHO goals of reaching 75% by 2020, an effort needs to be taken to increase the scale and coverage of deworming programmes to regional and national levels. Box 1 highlights the key elements of a deworming programme implemented in Bihar, which presents a scalable and sustainable school-based model, using the tools available and harnessing existing structures to create a successful, structured deworming programme. Box 1. Key Elements for Success of the Deworming Programme in Bihar Institutional Framework ◆ Ownership of the programme by the government led to increased programme sustainability and continued financial and governmental support. ◆ Additionally, the existence of a multi-sectoral coordination committee (the State School Health Coordination Committee [SSHCC]) provided the necessary supervision, flexibility, and direction to address challenges arising during the programme while ensuring the sustained high profile of the programme. Evidence-Based Design and Implementation ◆ The catalytic role of development partners helped build a strong, evidence-based programme and resulted in overall reduced costs as well as additional high-level government support. Collaboration, Communication, and Coordination ◆ Throughout the design and implementation of the programme, close communication and collaboration among different state government bodies, in particular the health and education sectors, enabled the leveraging of their respective physical infrastructures and human resources and maximized coverage while reducing the overall cost of the programme. ◆ High levels of acceptability of the deworming programme by the community was a result of context-relevant community awareness campaigns that built local ownership of the programme, prevented a purely “top-down” approach to the programme, and increased participation on the deworming day. India is estimated to account for more than a quarter of all children requiring treatment for STH globally [1,19], and in 2009 the State Government of Bihar, in the eastern region of India, planned to initiate a state-wide, evidence-based deworming programme run out of state-schools and with technical support from Deworm the World (DtW). From inception, DtW was technically and administratively supported by Partnership for Child Development (PCD) and Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA) and led by PCD’s Executive Director Dr Lesley Drake, who was seconded to DtW to lead the campaign. This joint initiative is reflected in this paper with the term DtW/PCD. Bihar is one of India’s poorest states, with 8.5% of India’s population and only 1.6% of its gross domestic product (GDP) [20]. The population of Bihar was estimated to be over 104 million in the 2011 census [21] with approximately 28% between 6–14 years of age [21]. Surveys conducted in 2010–2011 found a high prevalence of STH throughout Bihar state [22], and subsequent predictive mapping indicated that at least annual, and in some cases biannual, MDA treatment would be required [17]. This paper outlines the political environment, development, and implementation of all stages of this pioneering and sustainable large-scale deworming programme, which led to the treatment of over 17 million school-age children in Bihar state. In addition, the synergistic support provided by all partners ensured a rapid rollout of the programme, which went from conception to implementation to treatment in less than 12 months, and deworming was rolled out across the state over three months.

We report the effects of chemical vapours on the Raman and infrared absorption spectra of α crystalline nickel phthalocyanine thin films. Transmission electron micrograph of the thin films suggests presence of nano-sized particles of nickel phthalocyanine in the thin film. Some vibrational bands show changes in their positions and/or intensities on exposure of thin films with chemical vapours. These changes have been interpreted on the basis of interactions of the vapours molecule with the central nickel ion and other peripheral atoms of the phthalocyanine ring. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been carried out to determine the probable geometric structures of the complexes of vapour and phthalocyanine molecules. Calculated geometric structures show in-plane and out-of-plane distortions in the phthalocyanine molecule. Calculations further suggest charge transfer between vapour and phthalocyanine molecules.

Introduction An analysis of the multidisciplinary treatment of mood disorders used at the short stay psychiatric unit (SSPU) in Mater Dei Hospital, Malta was carried out. Objectives The modalities considered were: • Pharmacological therapy • Electroconvulsive therapy • Psychological therapy • Occupational therapy • Social worker involvement Aims To record whether a multidisciplinary approach (MDA) was being used and whether this affected the clinical outcome. Methods The data used was obtained from a logbook in the SSPU and set up as an excel spreadsheet. The patient selection criteria was: 1. Diagnosed as having mood disorders (unipolar or bipolar depression) 2. Admitted for the first time to SSPU (with no previous admissions to an acute psychiatric ward) in 2008 3. The multidisciplinary approach was defined as the use of 3 or more modalities of treatment. Results 1. 87 patients were selected. In group 1: 6 patients received MDA and group 2: 81 patients did not receive MDA 2. 50% of patients in group 1 and 48% of patient in group 2 belonged to the age group of 46-55 years. 3. 100% for group 1 and 73.3% in group 2 were females. 4. 50% of patient were re-admitted in group one while 58% of patients were re-admitted in group 2. 5. MDA prolonged the average duration till next re-admission by 81 days. 6. The cost per bed is approximately 300euros daily, thus saving 24,300 euros per patient when MDA is used. Conclusions MDA improves patient outcome by preventing or prolonging re-admissions. This should be emphasized in the female population and in the age group of 46-55 years.

Introduction A 23 year old woman with an established diagnosis of eating disorder was analysed for multiple personality traits in the background of a multifactorial etiology. Objectives . 1) Establishing secondary complications in the case 2) Diagramatically representing the findings Aim . 1) Identifying the personality traits 2) Etilogical analysis Methods . 1) Retrospective analysis of all medical and psychiatric events. 2) Interviewing the patient and relatives. 3) Research 4) Analysis of all medical investigations carried out. 5) Response to multidisciplinary management. Results . Download : Download full-size image Conclusion It was confirmed that multiple factors played their roles in the development of the condition including both familial and environmental agents.