Search

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women worldwide. Despite the rapid developments in diagnostic techniques and medical sciences, pathologic diagnosis is still recognized as the gold standard for disease diagnose. Pathologic diagnosis is a time-consuming task performed for pathologists, needing profound professional knowledge and long-term accumulated diagnostic experience. Therefore, the development of automatic and precise histopathological image classification is essential for medical diagnosis. In this study, an improved VGG network was used to classify the breast cancer histopathological image from intraoperative rapid frozen sections. We adopt a transformed loss function by adding a penalty to cross-entropy in our training stage, which improved the accuracy on test data by 4.39%. Laplacian-4 was used for the enhancement of images, which contributes to the improvement of the accuracy. The accuracy of the proposed model on training data and test data reached 88.70% and 82.27%, respectively, which outperforms the original model by 9.39% of accuracy in test data. The process time was less than 0.25 s per image on average. Meanwhile, the heat maps of predictions were given to show the evidential regions in histopathological images, which could drive improvements in the accuracy, speed, and clinical value of pathological diagnoses. In addition to helping with the actual diagnosis, this technology may be a benefit to pathologists, surgeons, and patients. It might prove to be a helpful tool for pathologists in the future., (© 2023. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Society for Imaging Informatics in Medicine.)

ObjectiveTo analyze the data of hospitalized accidental injuries with registered residence in Yangpu District, Shanghai, to describe their characteristics, and to provide an evidence for formulating accidental injuries prevention and control strategies.MethodsStatistic analysis was conducted on the data of accidental hospitalized injury cases in Yangpu District. The incidence rate (per 100 000 population) and the hospital stay were used to analyze the characteristics of hospitalized accidental injuries.ResultsA total of 4 924 hospitalized accidental injury cases were reported in Yangpu District, Shanghai. The incidence rate was 468.77/105, the ratio of male to female was 1∶1.41. Among them, the age ≥65 group had the highest incidence rate, accounting for 55.83% of all cases. The incidence rate of female was 1.97 times higher than that of male (χ2=287.61, P

Objective To construct the chitosan/BMP-2 plasmid thermosensitive hydrogel complex CS/CSn（pDNA-BMP2）-GP，and evaluate the effect of this composite system on alveolar bone regeneration in beagle dogs. Methods Periodontitis models were established in the second and third premolars from 4 beagle dogs. All teeth were randomly divided into three groups： CS/CSn-GP group，CS/CSn（pDNA-BMP2）-GP group and blank control group. In the CS/CSn-GP group，CS/CSn-GP was injected. In the CS/CSn（pDNA-BMP2）-GP group，CS/CSn（pDNA-BMP2）-GP was injected. In the blank control group，no material was injected. All animals were sacrificed 8 weeks later. The alveolar bone regeneration in periodontitis was observed by Masson staining. The expression of alkaline phosphatase （ALP） in bone defects was observed by calcium and cobalt staining. Results Masson staining showed that different degrees of alveolar bone regeneration was noted in the CS/CSN-GP and CS/CSn（pDNA-BMP2）-GP groups，and significant regeneration was noted in the CS/CSn（pDNA-BMP2）-GP group. Calcium and cobalt staining revealed strongly-positive ALP in the CS/CSn（pDNA-BMP2）-GP group，weakly-positive ALP in the CS/ CSN-GP group，and negative result in the blank control group. The average optical density value in the ALP-positive staining area in the CS/CSn（pDNA-BMP2）-GP group was higher than that in the CS/CSn-GP group，followed by that in the blank control group（all P < 0.05）. Conclusions CS/CSn-GP composite repair system exerts positive effect on alveolar bone regeneration. Inclusion of pDNA-BMP2 can significantly promote the effect on alveolar bone regeneration.

Abstract To keep up with the contemporary health landscape, there is an imperative need for healthcare professionals to practise health advocacy through health promotion on the individual, population, and systems levels. In the Academic Year of 2020/2021, the National University of Singapore (NUS) Department of Pharmacy implemented a new spiral curriculum integrating basic, clinical, and systems sciences with one of its aims to deepen students’ health advocacy internalisation and prepare them as future health advocates. A mixed-methods approach was adopted. Questionnaires were disseminated across three time-points to elicit students’ levels of internalisation of health advocacy, which were then categorised into levels, and a Mann–Whitney U test was conducted. In comparison with prematriculation, no significant difference was found after students underwent the first year of the curriculum, while a significant difference was found after students underwent two years of the curriculum. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted after each Academic Year to gain deeper insights into the questionnaire results. Thematic analysis of the interviews revealed that curricular integration in the first year was perceived to be lacking. However, with learnt knowledge constantly reinforced and more experiential learning opportunities incorporated throughout the second year, students found the integrated curriculum beneficial in instilling confidence to practise health advocacy. This study offers insights into the prospects of a spiral integrated curriculum in imparting health advocacy, and may even suggest its potential to be applied to other educational settings. Future follow-up studies can also be conducted on the same study population to evaluate long-term impacts and areas for improvement of the curriculum.

Objective·To study whether mutations at the I72 site of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 (PRPS1) can induce resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells to thiopurine chemotherapy drugs 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and 6-thioguanine (6-TG), and explain their mechanisms of action.Methods·The PRPS1 gene mutations (I72F, R177S and V316L) found in clinical practice and PRPS1 gene mutations (V208A and V289A) present in two ALL cell lines (KOPN72bi and RS4;11) were constructed into the vector pGV303 fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP), respectively. The PRPS1 A190T mutation that has been proven to be resistant to thiopurine chemotherapy drugs was used as the positive control, and the empty vector pGV303 (Vector), PRPS1 wild-type (WT) and PRPS1 I72V were used as the negative controls. The various mutants of PRPS1 were transiently transfected into HEK-293T cells (referred to as 293T cells), and the expression of these exogenous PRPS1 was detected by Western blotting. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 6-MP or 6-TG on the above 293T cell lines transiently transfected with PRPS1 mutants was detected and calculated by drug sensitivity experiments. Subsequently, in addition to PRPS1 I72F and I72V, multiple mutations I72M, I72L, I72N, I72S and I72T were constructed into the vector pGV303, respectively, by changing the isoleucine (I) at position 72 into other amino acids. The various mutants were transiently transfected into 293T cells, respectively, and the protein expression of each mutant and IC50 values of 6-MP or 6-TG were detected by Western blotting and drug sensitivity experiments. PRPS1 WT, I72F, I72V, A190T and pGV303 vectors were transfected into REH cell lines by lentivirus infection, and GFP-positive cells were sorted by flow cytometry to obtain cells with stable expression of PRPS1 mutants. The protein expression of each mutant in REH cells and IC50 values of 6-MP or 6-TG were detected by Western blotting and drug sensitivity experiments to verify the results of drug sensitivity experiments obtained by 293T cells. Annexin V/DAPI double staining was used to evaluate the apoptosis of each REH cell line, and Western blotting was used to detect the levels of DNA damage-related proteins [phosphorylation at S139 of histone H2AX (phosphorylated H2AX-S139, γ-H2AX), phosphorylated check point kinase 2 (pCHK2)], and apoptosis-related protein cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (cleaved PARP) in each REH cell line. The diagrams of amino acid residues and spatial conformations of I72 locus, I72V and I72F were predicted and drawn through three-dimensional imaging and PyMOL software by using the crystal structure data of PRPS1-numbered 2HCR (PDB code 2HCR) in the PDB (Protein Data Bank) database.Results·Western blotting results showed that the transiently transfected exogenous PRPS1-mutated proteins were successfully expressed in 293T cells. The drug sensitivity experiment results showed that the IC50 values of 6-MP or 6-TG in 293T cells expressing PRPS1 I72F, R177S, V316L, V208A and the positive control A190T were much higher than those in cells expressing V289A and the negative control Vector, PRPS1 WT and I72V (all P =0.000). After mutating the isoleucine (I) at position 72 with other amino acids, Western blotting results showed successful expression of exogenous PRPS1-mutated proteins at position I72 after transient transfection in 293T cells. Drug sensitivity experiments revealed the IC50 values of 6-MP or 6-TG in 293T cells expressing PRPS1 I72M, I72F, I72L, I72N, I72S, I72T and positive control A190T were much higher than those in cells expressing negative control Vector, PRPS1 WT and I72V (all P=0.000). Western blotting results showed that the protein expression levels of PRPS1 WT, A190T, I72F and I72V in the REH stable cell lines constructed by lentivirus were high and similar. The drug sensitivity experiment results showed that the IC50 values of 6-MP or 6-TG in REH cells expressing PRPS1 I72F and positive control A190T were much higher than those in cells expressing negative control Vector, PRPS1 WT and I72V (all P=0.000), which was consistent with the drug sensitivity results obtained by transient transfection in 293T cells. The results of Annexin V/DAPI double staining method and the detection of DNA damage and apoptosis-related proteins by Western blotting showed that after 6-MP treatment, the DNA damage and apoptosis rates of REH cell lines expressing PRPS1 A190T and I72F were significantly lower than those of cells expressing negative control Vector, PRPS1 WT and I72V (all P=0.000). The protein structure analysis results showed that PRPS1 I72F could change the conformation of PRPS1.Conclusion·The PRPS1 I72F, R177S, V316L, V208A, I72M, I72L, I72N, I72S and I72T mutations can confer drug resistance to the thiopurine chemotherapy drugs in cells, while the PRPS1 V289A and I72V mutations do not affect cell sensitivity to the thiopurine chemotherapy drugs. The drug sensitivity experiment results in 293T cells are consistent with those in REH cells, demonstrating that 293T cells can serve as a rapid research model for detecting the resistance of PRPS1 mutations to thiopurine chemotherapy drugs. The effects of the PRPS1 I72 mutations on the resistance of the thiopurine chemotherapy drugs may be related to changes in the structure of PRPS1.

Background Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are the most commonly used class of antihypertensive drugs in China. Despite the high mortality rate of severe CCBs poisoning, few relevant reports on its clinical characteristics can be found currently. Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of acute CCBs poisoning and the value of blood purification therapy by summarizing the clinical manifestations and treatment results of 11 patients with acute CCBs poisoning. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted with regard to the clinical presentation, scores for condition assessment, treatment process and prognosis of 11 patients who presented to the Emergency Department, Peking University Third Hospital for acute CCBs poisoning from January 2019 to June 2022. Results Of the 11 patients, 3 were female and 8 were male. The average age was (39.8±18.0) years and the median interval between drug administration and consultation was 2.25 (6.58) hours. The main clinical manifestations at presentation were shock (9 cases, 9/11) , nausea and vomiting (5 cases, 5/11) , dizziness (4 cases, 4/11) , fatigue (3 cases, 3/11) , tachycardia (3 cases, 3/11) , bradycardia (2 cases, 2/11) , syncope (1 case, 1/11) and lethargy (1 case, 1/11) . Ten patients arrived at the ED with a clear consciousness (with a Glasgow Coma Score of 15 points) . In addition to conventional treatment, 6 of the patients received blood purification treatment, including hemoperfusion, plasma exchange and continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) in 2 cases, hemoperfusion combined with CVVH in 2 cases, and hemoperfusion alone in 2 cases. Four of these 6 patients also received extracorporeal membrane pulmonary oxygenation therapy. The blood concentration of CCBs decreased after the first blood purification treatment, and the percentage of decrease was higher for nifedipine (40.00%-63.64%) than for amlodipine and verapamil (9.09%-26.67%) . Nine of the 11 patients survived at discharge. The median Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHEⅡ) score at admission was 10 (25) points. The median Poisoning Severity Score (PSS) at admission was 3 (1) points. Two of the 8 patients with a PSS score of 3 points at admission died, and two of the 5 patients with an APACHEⅡ score ≥15 points at admission died. Conclusion Clarity of consciousness at the early stage of shock is a more common manifestation of acute CCBs poisoning. Hemoperfusion may play a more effective role in acute nifedipine poisoning than in acute amlodipine and verapamil poisoning. The APACHEⅡ score may be superior to the PSS score in predicting the prognosis of death in acute poisoning of CCBs.

ObjectiveTo determine the trend in diabetes-related death and probability of premature mortality among residents in Yangpu District of Shanghai and provide evidence for the formulation of relevant intervention strategies.MethodsMortality and demographic data were collected among residents in Yangpu District of Shanghai from 2002 to 2020. Statistical analysis was conducted using chi-square test with SPSS 21.0 and Excel 2010. Joinpoint regression was used to determine annual percent change （APC）. The mortality was standardized by utilizing the world standard population in 2000.ResultsA total of 25 091 cases of diabetes-related deaths were reported in Yangpu District， Shanghai from 2002 to 2020. The average annual crude mortality of diabetes-related diseases was 122.10/105， which was 116.13/105 in males and 128.23/105 in females. The difference between males and females in crude mortality was statistically significant （P

Study has demonstrated the abnormal expression and role of lncRNA CASC15 in diabetes patients with chronic renal failure. However, its role in diabetes nephropathy (DN) is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential mechanism and role of lncRNA CASC15 in DN. The relationship between miR-424 and CASC15/SP-A was predicted by Starbase software and verified by luciferase reporter assay. HK-2 cells were treated with 25 mM glucose (HG) for 24 h to establish DN cell model. MTT and flow cytometry analysis were carried out to test cell proliferation and apoptosis. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were analyzed by RT-qPCR and western blot assay. We proved that CASC15 could interact with miR-424, and SP-A was a target of miR-424. HG-treatment significantly enhanced lncRNA CASC15 level and decreased miR-424 level in HK-2 cells. LncRNA CASC15-siRNA significantly improved cell viability, repressed apoptosis, promoted E-cadherin expression, and inhibited N-cadherin expression in HG-treated HK-2 cells, and these effects were reversed by miR-424 inhibitor. SP-A was highly expressed in HG-treated HK-2 cells. The biological effects of miR-424 mimic on HG-treated HK-2 cells were reversed by SP-A-plasmid. In conclusion, lncRNA CASC15 inhibition relieved HG-induced HK-2 cell injury and EMT through miR-424/SP-A axis.

Comparative analysis is a fundamental tool in biology. Comparative biolinguistics emphasizes that the foundations of cognition are shared between a wide range of species and provides insights into the nature of human speech, language, and social interaction by comparing the communication mechanisms of humans, animals, and hominins. This paper reviewed comparative biolinguistic studies in the modern population (between modern humans and hominins, and in model animals of vocal learning) to reveal the significance of comparative biology in the study of developmental language disorders and language evolution at the levels of genome, neurogenetics, and ethology.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies and one major leading cause of mortality from cancers in old men. Due to its specific overexpression in PCa cells, the prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has become an ideal molecular imaging target for PCa.Currently, the value of PSMA PET/CT in the diagnosis and staging of PCa has been widely accepted. With the clinical application of simultaneous PET/MRI, it enables the possibility of combination of PSMA PET and MRI for the management of PCa. Here we present this review on the current status and future direction of the application of PSMA PET/MRI in the management of PCa.

Abstract We report a young adult woman with 17 alpha‐hydroxylase deficiency (17α‐OHD) in Shandong province of China. The patient carried compound heterozygous mutations in the CYP17A1 gene: c.985–987 delinsAA (p.Tyr329LysfsX90) and c.1486C > T (p.Arg496Cys). The patient's hypertension and hypokalemia were resolved after taking medications of glucocorticoid, aldactone, and calcium antagonists.

Most of advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) are resistant to chemotherapy, and there is still lack of effective treatment for HSCC now. The present study aimed to investigate whether downregulation of RNA-binding motif protein 17 (RBM17) could enhance cisplatin sensitivity and inhibit cell invasion in HSCC and the underlying mechanism. We observed that RBM17 was upregulated in tumor tissues and associated with poor progression. Treatment of FaDu cells with cisplatin increased RBM17 expression in mRNA levels. Downregulation of RBM17 enhanced cisplatin-mediated inhibition of FaDu cells. In addition, downregulation of RBM17 effectively suppressed tumor cell migration and invasion through the reversion of epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Moreover, downregulation of RBM17 could significantly slow tumor growth in FaDu xenograft tumor model. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry detection and independent PRM analysis showed that 21 differentially expressed proteins were associated with the downregulation of RBM17. Taken together, our study implied that downregulation of RBM17 could serve as a novel approach to enhance cisplatin sensitivity in HSCC.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were reported to promote the development of gastric cancer (GC). Nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) played a great role in diverse cancers, but the mechanism of NEAT1 in GC remains indistinct. NEAT1 and AKT1 were distinctly up-regulated and miR-1294 was down-regulated in GC tissues and cells. Cell proliferation and metastasis were refrained but apoptosis was promoted in GC cells after knockdown of NEAT1. NEAT1 negatively regulated miR-1294 expression, and the miR-1294 inhibitor reverted the si-NEAT1-induced effect on GC cells. NEAT1 modulated AKT1 expression through miR-1294, and the si-NEAT1-induced effect was relieved by AKT1. NEAT1 affected phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway via regulating miR-1294 and AKT1. NEAT1 could modulate cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis in GC cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway via the miR-1294/AKT1 axis, showing the great potential for NEAT1 as a valid biomarker in the progression and treatment of GC.

The roles of bactericidal cathelicidins against bacterial infection have been extensively studied. However, the antibacterial property and mechanism of action of non-bactericidal cathelicidins are rarely known. Herein, a novel naturally occurring cathelicidin (PopuCATH) from tree frog (Polypedates puerensis) did not show any direct anti-bacterial activity in vitro. Intriguingly, intraperitoneal injection of PopuCATH before bacterial inoculation significantly reduced the bacterial load in tree frogs and mice, and reduced the inflammatory response induced by bacterial inoculation in mice. PopuCATH pretreatment also increased the survival rates of septic mice induced by a lethal dose of bacterial inoculation or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Intraperitoneal injection of PopuCATH significantly drove the leukocyte influx in both frogs and mice. In mice, PopuCATH rapidly drove neutrophil, monocyte/macrophage influx in mouse abdominal cavity and peripheral blood with a negligible impact on T and B lymphocytes, and neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, but not T and B lymphocytes, were required for the preventive efficacy of PopuCATH. PopuCATH did not directly act as chemoattractant for phagocytes, but PopuCATH obviously drove phagocyte migration when it was cultured with macrophages. PopuCATH significantly elicited chemokine/cytokine production in macrophages through activating p38/ERK mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and NF-κB p65. PopuCATH markedly enhanced neutrophil phagocytosis via promoting the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Additionally, PopuCATH showed low side effects both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, PopuCATH acts as a host-based immune defense regulator that provides prophylactic efficacy against bacterial infection without direct antimicrobial effects. Our findings reveal a non-bactericidal cathelicidin which possesses unique anti-bacterial action, and highlight the potential of PopuCATH to prevent bacterial infection.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most diagnosed cancer in Western male population. In this study, we insert mK5 (the mutational kringle5 of human plasminogen) into a DD3-promoted (differential display code 3) oncolytic adenovirus to construct OncoAd.mK5.DD3. E1A.dE1B, briefly, OAd.DD3.mK5. DD3 is one of the most prostate cancer specific promoters which can transcriptionally control adenoviral replication. mK5 has been proved to be able to inhibit the tumor angiogenesis and inhibit cell proliferation. Our results suggested that targeting PCa with OAd.DD3.mK5 elicited strong antitumor effect.

The fascin-1 protein is a cytoskeleton-like protein, which can prompt structural changes in cell membranes and affect the integrity of intercellular relations to promote invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. In this study, we researched the expression of fascin-1 in glioma.

Objective To establish a species identification system based on DNA genetic markers for plant evidence. Methods Two hundred common plants in Shanghai were collected and identified by morphological characteristics. The primers of gene segments rbcL, matK, and ITS were designed and amplified. The PCR amplicon was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. After the sequencing, the universality and the identification capacity of the three markers were evaluated. Results The success rate of amplification was in order of rbcL （99.5%） > matK （92.5%） > ITS （86.0%）. The identification capacity of the combination of rbcL and matK was better than that of rbcL or matK, by which most plant species could be identified to the genus or higher. ITS was not suitable to be a unique marker because of its unstable result, but it still could be a powerful supplement. The identification capacity of the combination of rbcL, matK and ITS was higher than that of rbcL and matK, by which most plant species could be identified to the genus or lower. Conclusion The identification system with the combination of rbcL, matK and ITS as markers has excellent universality for plant evidence, which can distinguish most plant species to the genus or lower.

To perform a prospective non-randomized comparison of the effectiveness and safety of combined neurokinin-1 antagonist aprepitant treatment with the standard multiple-day cisplatin regimen for the prevention of cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV).

Abstract Emphysema is characterized by irreversibly enlarged airspaces and destruction of alveolar walls. One of the factors contributing to this disease pathogenesis is an elevation in extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation in the lung. Alveolar type II (ATII) cells produce and secrete pulmonary surfactants and proliferate to restore the epithelium after damage. We isolated ATII cells from control non-smokers, smokers and patients with emphysema to determine the role of NFE2 (nuclear factor, erythroid-derived 2). NFE2 is a heterodimer composed of two subunits, a 45 kDa (p45 NFE2) and 18 kDa (p18 NFE2) polypeptides. Low expression of p45 NFE2 in patients with emphysema correlated with a high ECM degradation. Moreover, we found that NFE2 knockdown increased cell death induced by cigarette smoke extract. We also studied the cross talk between p45 NFE2 and DJ-1. DJ-1 protein is a redox-sensitive chaperone that protects cells from oxidative stress. We detected that cigarette smoke significantly increased p45 NFE2 levels in DJ-1 KO mice compared to wild-type mice. Our results indicate that p45 NFE2 expression is induced by exposure to cigarette smoke, has a cytoprotective activity against cell injury, and its downregulation in human primary ATII cells may contribute to emphysema pathogenesis.

BackgroundCulture influences personal health habits and behavior, and healthcare personnel possess different views of cultural perspectives. Currently, an appropriate instrument to assess cultural competence in clinical practice is limited. The present study aimed to develop and examine the psychometric properties of the Nursing Cultural Competence Scale (NCCS) for clinical nurses.MethodsDeveloping and assessing the scale was carried out in two phases: Phase I involved a qualitative research to explore the themes of nurses' cultural competence and instrument development; Phase II established construct validity of the scale using a sample of 246 nurses in Taiwan. Data from the questionnaire were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Analysis results were used to determine the reliability and validity of the developed scale.ResultsThe results showed four factors including cultural awareness ability, cultural action ability, cultural resources application ability, and self-learning cultural ability were generated by exploratory factor analysis, and these factors explained 62.0% of total variance. Cronbach's α of the Nursing Cultural Competence Scale was .88, and test-retest reliability correlation was .70.ConclusionsThe establishment of the tool will facilitate accurate monitoring of the cultural competence among nurses and nursing managers, which can inform the construction of nursing policies aimed at pledge cultural competence expansion.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the reporting quality of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). METHODS:A systematic search was undertaken to extract CPGs for TCM. The RIGHT (Reporting Items for practice Guidelines in Healthcare) statement was used to calculate scores for the reporting quality in terms of domains and items, followed by a subgroup analysis of the results and determination of the correlation between the RIGHT and AGREE II (Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II) scores. RESULTS:Overall, 539 TCM CPGs were included. (1) The mean scores (Med, IQR) for each RIGHT domain were as follows: basic information (4, 1), background (3, 2), evidence (0, 0), recommendations (2, 2), review and quality assurance (0, 0), funding and declaration and management of interests (0, 0.5), and other information (0, 0). (2) The items with a low reporting rate ( 90%) included 1a, 1b, 1c, 7b, 13a, and 13b. (3) In recent years, the reporting quality of TCM CPGs has improved, and there was a significant difference among the organizations (P = 0.000), where that of the updated versions was greater than that of the historical versions (P = 0.047). (4) The RIGHT and AGREE II scores were positively correlated (P = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS:At present, although the reporting quality of TCM CPGs is improving, the overall quality remains suboptimal. Guideline developers should strictly follow the evidence-based process of developing guidelines and should follow the RIGHT statement to produce a standardized report when writing guidelines.

The association between physical activity, sedentary behavior and health-related quality of life in children and adolescents has been mostly investigated in those young people with chronic disease conditions. No systematic review to date has synthesized the relationship between physical activity, sedentary behavior and health-related quality of life in the general healthy population of children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to review systematically the existing literature that evaluated the relations between physical activity, sedentary behavior and health-related quality of life in the general population of children and adolescents.We conducted a computer search for English language literature from databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PSYCINFO and PubMed-related articles as well as the reference lists of existing literature between 1946 and the second week of January 2017 to retrieve eligible studies. We included the studies that assessed associations between physical activity and/or sedentary behavior and health-related quality of life among the general population of children and adolescents aged between 3-18 years. The study design included cross-sectional, longitudinal and health intervention studies. We excluded the studies that examined associations between physical activity, sedentary behavior and health-related quality of life among children and adolescents with specific chronic diseases, and other studies and reports including reviews, meta-analyses, study protocols, comments, letters, case reports and guidelines. We followed up the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement in the reporting of this review. The risk of bias of the primary studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We synthesized the difference in health-related quality of life scores between different levels of physical activity and sedentary time.In total, 31 studies met the inclusion criteria and were synthesized in the review. Most of the included studies used a cross-sectional design (n = 21). There were six longitudinal studies and three school-based physical activity intervention studies. One study used both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs. We found that higher levels of physical activity were associated with better health-related quality of life and increased time of sedentary behavior was linked to lower health-related quality of life among children and adolescents. A dose-response relation between physical activity, sedentary behavior and health-related quality of life was observed in several studies suggesting that the higher frequency of physical activity or the less time being sedentary, the better the health-related quality of life.The findings in this study suggest that school health programs promoting active lifestyles among children and adolescents may contribute to the improvement of health-related quality of life. Future research is needed to extend studies on longitudinal relationships between physical activity, sedentary behavior and health-related quality of life, and on effects of physical activity interventions on health-related quality of life among children and youth.

In the past decade, the most prevalent norovirus genotype causing viral gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide, including China, has been GII.4. In winter 2014–15, norovirus outbreaks in Guangdong, China, increased. Sequence analysis indicated that 82% of the outbreaks were caused by a norovirus GII.17 variant.

A mature miRNA generally suppresses hundreds of mRNA targets. To evaluate the selective effect of synthetic oligonucleotide decoys on hsa-miR-223 activity, reporters containing 3' untranslated regions (UTR) of IGF1R, FOXO1, POLR3G, FOXO3, CDC27, FBXW7 and PAXIP1 mRNAs were constructed for the luciferase assay. The oligonucleotide decoys were designed and synthesized according to mature miR-223 sequence and its target mRNA sequence. Quantitative RT-PCR & western analysis were used to measure miR-223-targeted mRNA expression, Interestingly, apart from the antisense oligonucleotide, decoy nucleotides which were complementary to the 5', central or 3' region of mature miR-223 suppressed miR-223 targeting the 3'UTR of IGF1R, FOXO1, FOXO3, CDC27, POLR3G, and FBXW7 mRNAs and rescued the expression of these genes to varying degrees from miR-223 suppression at both mRNA and protein levels. All decoys had no effect on PAXIP1 which was not targeted by miR-223. The decoy 1 that was based on the sequence of IGF1R 3'UTR rescued the expression of IGF1R more significantly than other decoy nucleotides except the antisense decoy 4. Decoy 1 also rescued the expression of FOXO3 and POLR3G of which their 3'UTRs have similar binding sites for miR-223 with IGF1R 3'UTR. However decoy 1 failed to recover Sp1, CDC27 and FBXW7 expression. These data support that the sequence-specific decoy oligonucleotides might represent exogenous competing RNA which selectively inhibits microRNA targeting.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and major depressive disorder (MDD) in Chinese Han population. DESIGN: Prospective and randomized studies were carried out. PATIENTS: A total of 700 patients (324 male and 376 female; mean age = 40±14.9 years) with depression who met the diagnostic criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) and 673 healthy controls (313 male and 360 female; mean age = 41.9±17.2 years) were used to investigate the relationship between SNPs of NPY and the pathogenesis of MDD. A total of 417 patients (195 male and 202 female; mean age = 36±14.2 years) diagnosed with MDD and 314 healthy controls (153 male and 161 female; mean age = 37.9±14.2 years) from Chinese Han population were used to verify the relationship between SNPs of NPY and the pathogenesis of MDD. INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME: Ligase detection reactions were performed to detect the SNP sites of NPY. A series of statistical methods was carried out to investigate the correlation between the NPY gene SNP and MDD. RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between the SNP sites rs16139 in NPY and the morbidity of depression. Patients with MDD have a lower frequency of A-allele in rs16139 in replicate samples from Chinese Han population. However, the frequency varied between male and female patients. CONCLUSION: The gene polymorphism loci rs16139 was closely related to MDD in Chinese Han population.

Abstract Enterovirus type 71 (EV71) 2A protease exhibited strong transcriptional activity in yeast cells. The transcriptional activity of 2A protease was independent of its protease activity. EV71 2A protease retained its transcriptional activity after truncation of 40 amino acids at the N-terminus but lost this activity after truncation of 60 amino acids at the N-terminus or deletion of 20 amino acids at the C-terminus. Thus, the acidic domain at the C-terminus of this protein is essential for its transcriptional activity. Indeed, deletion of amino acids from 146 to 149 (EAME) in this acidic domain lost the transcriptional activity of EV71 2A protein though still retained its protease activity. EV71 2A protease was detected both in the cytoplasm and nucleus using confocal microscopy analysis. Coxsackie virus B3 2A protease also exhibited transcriptional activity in yeast cells. As expected, an acidic domain in the C-terminus of Coxsackie virus B3 2A protease was also identified. Truncation of this acidic domain resulted in the loss of transcriptional activity. Interestingly, this acidic region of poliovirus 2A protease is critical for viral RNA replication. The transcriptional activity of the EV71 or Coxsackie virus B3 2A protease should play a role in viral replication and/or pathogenesis.

Abstract To search for cellular genes up-regulated by vaccinia virus (VV) infection, differential display-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (ddRT-PCR) assays were used to examine the expression of mRNAs from mock-infected and VV-infected HeLa cells. Two mitochondrial genes for proteins that are part of the electron transport chain that generates ATP, ND4 and CO II, were up-regulated after VV infection. Up-regulation of ND4 level by VV infection was confirmed by Western blotting analysis. Up-regulation of ND4 was reduced by the MAPK inhibitor, apigenin, which has been demonstrated elsewhere to inhibit VV replication. The induction of ND4 expression occurred after viral DNA replication since ara C, an inhibitor of poxviral DNA replication, could block this induction. ATP production was increased in the host cells after VV infection. Moreover, 4.5 μM oligomycin, an inhibitor of ATP production, reduced the ATP level 13 hr after virus infection to that of mock-infected cells and inhibited viral protein expression and virus production, suggesting that increased ATP production is required for efficient VV production. Our results further suggest that induction of ND4 expression is through a Bcl-2 independent pathway.

Abstract To improve the mechanical properties of the rolling body surface of wind power bearings, extend its service life. In this study, a large-scale molecular/atomic parallel processor LAMMPS was introduced, and then the process of magnetron sputtering technology in the preparation of DLC/Ni-DLC thin films on the 42CrMo substrate material was simulated. The effects of deposition parameters such as sputtering temperature, sputtering voltage, deposition air pressure, and Ni doping on the residual stress, film base bonding, and organizational structure of the thin films were investigated. The simulation results show that for different deposition parameters, the atomic tensile and compressive stresses existed simultaneously in DLC/Ni-DLC films, and the residual stresses were between − 0.504–5.003 Gpa and − 2.11–0.065 Gpa, respectively; the doping of Ni effectively improved the distribution of hybrid structure and the mechanical properties of the DLC films, and the ratio of the sp3 hybrid structure in the film organization was about 2.56 times higher than that of the non-doped films, and the membrane base bonding force was increased by 32.78% and the residual stress is reduced and transitioned from tensile stress to compressive stress. In addition, it was observed that the thickness of the mixed layer of DLC/Ni-DLC films with the substrate was not increased after the thickness of the mixed layer was extended to about 2 nm. Nickel doping and reasonable control of deposition parameters help to reduce the residual stress and improve the bonding strength of the film by changing the organizational structure of the film, which provides an important theoretical and scientific basis for the preparation of low-stress, high-performance and long-life DLC films and the wide application of rolling bodies for wind power bearings under complex working conditions.