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ObjectiveTo investigate brain injury markers (BIM), endothelial injury markers (EIM) and cytokine/chemokine (CC) markers of systemic inflammation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and across sex.MethodsPlasma samples from 57 subjects at ResultsThree BIMs: MAP2, NSE and S100B, two EIMs: sICAM1 and sVCAM1 and seven CCs: GRO IL10, sCD40L, IP10, IL1Ra, MCP1 and TNFα were significantly (pConclusionThe acute elevation of BIMs, CCs, and EIMs and the robust associations among them at COVID-19 hospitalization suggest that brain injury is mediated by endotheliopathy and inflammation. Higher BIM and inflammatory markers in men additionally suggest that men are more susceptible to the risk compared to women.

Background Outcome data are limited for upper extremity deep venous thrombosis (UEDVT). The outcomes of patients investigated for, but without UEDVT remain uncertain. Methods Retrospective analysis of clinical records of adult patients undergoing Doppler ultrasound for potential UEDVT between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2014 was undertaken. Primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were new cancer diagnosis and thromboembolic recurrence. Results The final cohort (n = 528) comprised 25 primary UEDVT, 100 secondary UEDVT, 40 superficial-venous thrombosis and 363 without thrombus patients. There were 207 deaths. Survival was higher in primary than in secondary UEDVT (log-rank p < 0.0001) or those without thrombus (log-rank p = 0.001). Pre-existing cancer [hazard ratio 3.6 (95% confidence interval 1.5-8.9)] was the biggest independent predictor of mortality and leading cause of death. Developing UEDVT was a poor prognostic marker in cancer patients. Conclusion There was high early mortality regardless of radiological findings, with the exception of primary UEDVT. Prospective studies evaluating aggressive treatment of underlying comorbidities in these patients are needed.

Introduction: Understanding the risk of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in pregnant women with known history of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm (UICA) could potentially impact the delivery method. Due to presumed risk of intrapartum aneurysm rupture, understanding practice patterns of delivery methods and related complication risk is of importance. Methods: We used Nationwide Inpatient Sample database (1998-2014) to identify all the hospitalizations for childbirth in women with and without history of UICA. Patients with intracranial vascular malformation and traumatic intracranial hemorrhage were excluded. The cohort of pregnant women with known history of UICA was compared with the cohort of those without history of UICA with univariate analysis. Results: A total of 323 patients with known history of UICA were hospitalized for childbirth compared to 13,669,848 with no history of UICA. Higher rates of intracranial hemorrhage was observed in history of UICA group compared to no history of UICA [subarachnoid hemorrhage (0.31% Vs 0.001%, p Conclusion: Women undergoing childbirth with known history of UICA have higher risk of intracranial hemorrhage, peripartum complications, and longer hospitalizations compared to women without a known UICA. Aggressive management of risk factors for aneurysm rupture including hypertension and smoking could potentially decrease the rupture risk. Further research is needed to understand whether delivery method has an impact on decreasing risk of rupture.