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Background Peptic ulcer is an excoriated area of stomach or intestinal mucosa. Two experimental designs were proceeded: the first aimed. on twenty adult male albino rats, used to study the protective effect of both ranitidine and nizatidine; on the second, including sixty adult male albino rats, was used to study the therapeutic effect of ranitidine and nizatidine after induction of ulcer and also to evaluate the adverse effects of therapeutic doses of H2-receptor antagonists on male hormonal profile. The study aims to assess the gastroprotective effects of nizatidine and ranitidine and on treating of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) induced peptic ulcer and to evaluate its adverse effect on male sex hormones. Result The result revealed that ranitidine and nizatidine reduced incidence of ulceration. Histopathological findings showed a significant recovery of the alteration, and disturbance in male sex hormones. Conclusion Nizatidine is better than ranitidine in the management of NSAIDs induced peptic ulcer in rats.

Recent evidence indicates that a systemic state of inflammation may exert a negative effect on male fertility. The aim of this study is to evaluate sperm quality parameters in male patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Between December 2019 and December 2020 semen analyses are performed in 50 patients with UC in clinical remission. The control group consists of 50 healthy volunteers. Total sperm count, sperm count, percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa, viability, and progressive motility, are significantly lower in the study group than in healthy males (p &lt, 0.001). The DNA fragmentation index (DFI) and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) are significantly higher in the study group (28.9% and 1.55% on average, respectively) than in healthy males (14.6% and 0.79% on average, respectively). Bacteriospermia is more clearly observed in the study group (p = 0.037), and the most frequent pathogen is Enterococcus faecalis. The DFI and ORP are significantly higher in bacteria carriers, compared to males without microbial pathogens from both the study and control groups (p &lt, 0.001). To conclude, UC patients have worse basic sperm parameters compared to their healthy counterparts. Deterioration of semen parameters, as well as an intensified DNA fragmentation could be a result of oxidative stress intensification.

Diets could play an important role in testicular function, but studies on how adherence to the dietary patterns influences human testicular function in Asian countries are scarce. Herein, we examined the association between testosterone-related dietary patterns and testicular function among adult men in Taiwan. This cross-sectional study recruited 3283 men who attended a private medical screening program from 2009 to 2015. Testosterone-related dietary pattern was generated by the reduced rank regression (RRR) method. The association between adherence to quartile of dietary pattern scores with sex hormones (testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and estradiol (E2)) and sperm quality (sperm concentration (SC), total sperm motility (TSM), progressive motility (PRM), and normal sperm morphology (NSM)) were examined by multivariable linear regression. Hemoglobin (&beta, = 0.57, p &lt, 0.001), hematocrit (&beta, = 0.17, p = 0.002), triglyceride (&beta, = &minus, 0.84, p &lt, 0.001), HDL-cholesterol (&beta, = 3.58, p &lt, 0.001), total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol ratio (&beta, 0.78, p &lt, 0.001), and uric acid (&beta, 10.77, p &lt, 0.001) were highly correlated with testosterone levels. Therefore, these biomarkers were used to construct a testosterone-related dietary pattern. Highest adherence (Q4) to dietary pattern scores were negatively associated with lower testosterone in the pooled analysis (&beta, 0.89, p = 0.037) and normal-weight men (&beta, 1.48, p = 0.019). Likewise, men in the Q4 of the dietary pattern had lower SC (&beta, 5.55, p = 0.001) and NSM (&beta, 2.22, p = 0.007) regardless of their nutritional status. Our study suggesting that testosterone-related dietary pattern (rich in preserved vegetables or processed meat or fish, deep-fried foods, innards organs, rice or flour products cooked in oil, and dipping sauce, but low in milk, dairy products, legumes, or beans, and dark or leafy vegetables) was associated with a poor testicular function.

Heat stress can affect reproduction potential as an environmental factor. This Study was carried out to investigate the effects of rosemary extract on spermatogenesis and sexual hormones of laboratory mice under heat stress. 50 male mature mice were examined in five groups including a control group and four experimental groups [0, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of rosemary extract]. Samples were kept under heat stress four hours a day and received the extract doses for 30 days. At the end of the experiment, the amount of testosterone, LH, and FSH hormones plus the number of spermatogenic cells were measured. Obtained data were analyzed using the SPSS program. Heat stress in zero doses reduced testosterone, LH, and FSH significantly whereas rosemary extract increased testosterone and LH in 200 and 400 doses and FSH in 100,200, and 400 doses. Primary spermatocytes were decreased in zero doses significantly but increased significantly in other experimental groups [p

Pesticides have been extensively studied for their toxic hazards. The effect of exposure to pesticides has been studied among occupationally exposed workers. This study aimed to determine the role of occupational exposure to pesticides on male reproductive hormones. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone of 51 pesticide sprayers occupationally exposed to pesticides and 50 controls were estimated. Results revealed a significant increase in FSH concentration among the workers compared to controls. While there was no significant difference in the concentrations of LH and testosterone between the two groups. In conclusion: occupational exposure to pesticides may result in a significant increase of FSH, but not affecting LH and testosterone in the studied pesticide sprayers, and that could be attributed to their use of non-persistent pesticides and the resting durations between the peaks of their occupational exposures.

Research on the relationship between prenatal testosterone and criminal behavior has produced mixed results. The 2D:4D digit ratio is typically employed as the measure of prenatal testosterone, but its proxy nature might play a role in the inconsistent findings. This study examines the usefulness of a multi-item approach to the measurement of organizational androgens. Principal components factor analysis of data from a convenient sample of adults reveals that two factors emerge from five androgen-promoted trait items. These two factors, however, do not predict self-reported criminal behavior better than the single right-hand 2D:4D digit ratio item. It is concluded that a multi-item measurement strategy is unlikely to be a more predictive measure of organizational androgens than digit ratio.

Phoenixin (PNX) and nesfatin-1 are localised in the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. Moreover, the most of the PNX-expressing neurons in the hypothalamus also co-express nesfatin-1. These outcomes may suggest that there is an interaction between PNX and nesfatin-1, at least in terms of neuroendocrine-mediated regulations. Hence, the study was planned to find out the effects of centrally delivered PNX and nesfatin-1 on male sex hormones or to show the interactive association of intracerebroventricularly (ICV) injected PNX+nesfatin-1 combination on the release of male hormones. PNX and nesfatin-1, single or together, were delivered ICV to different male Wistar Albino rat groups. Both PNX and nesfatin-1 induced a significant enhancement in plasma FSH, LH and testosterone without inducing any alteration in plasma GnRH in the rats. The central combinatorial treatment of both the neuropeptides produced a more potent rise in male plasma hormone levels than treating with single neuropeptide. In summary, our preliminary data show that centrally delivered PNX and nesfatin-1 can affect plasma male hormone levels. Moreover, that the combinatorial treatment with both the neuropeptides in male rats leading to a more potent effect on the plasma male hormone levels might suggest that both these neuropeptides act synergistically in terms of regulation of male HPGA.

Objective Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) predominantly affects an elderly male population. Even so, AAA appears more detrimental in women, who experience a higher risk of aneurysm rupture and a worse outcome after surgery than men. Why women are privileged from yet are worse off once affected has been attributed to an effect of sex hormones. This review summarizes the knowledge of sex differences in AAA and addresses the changes in the aneurysm wall from a gender perspective. Method Standard reporting guidelines set by the PRISMA Group were followed to identify studies examining AAA from a gender perspective. Relevant reports were identified using two electronic databases: PubMed and Web of Science. The systematic search was performed in two stages: firstly, using the terms AAA and gender/sex/women; and secondly, adding the terms “elastin”, “collagen” and “vascular smooth muscle cells”, in order to filter the search for studies relevant to our focus on the aneurysm wall. Conclusion Current studies support the theory that sex has an effect on aneurysm formation, yet are inconclusive about whether or not aneurysm formation is dependent on female/male sex hormones or a lack thereof. The studies in women are scarce and out of those most reports primarily address other end-points, which limit their ability to illuminate an effect of sex on aneurysm formation. The complexity of the human menstrual cycle and menopausal transition are difficult to mimic in animal models, which limit their applicability to AAA formation in humans.

The key change of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the thinning of hairs caused by miniaturization of hair follicles, not the shedding of hairs. As terminology implies, androgens (male sex hormones), especially dihydrotestosterone (DHT), play important roles in the pathogenesis of AGA, but no exact pathogenesis has been proven so far. However, several medications are successfully used for AGA through various mechanisms.

It is widely known that electrotherapy decreases the pain by mechanical and chemical stimulation. However, there have been no studies to find the change in the sex hormones by acupoint electrical stimulation for healthy rehabilitation. This study examines the effects that electrical stimulation of volunteers’ meridian points has on their levels of total testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, and other erectile dysfunction-related substances. A serum analysis showed that electrical stimulation using a 1 Hz current significantly increased the subjects’ concentrations of total testosterone and DHEA-S; however, there were no significant differences in the concentrations of FSH, LH, and prolactin in subjects treated with electrical stimulation. These results suggest that the increased responsiveness to electrical stimulation, particularly a current of 1 Hz continue type, may be partially related to an improvement in sexual functions.

Androgens exert beneficial effects on vascular function by regulating the release and function of NO, prostanoids and reactive oxygen species. Since organ culture induces phenotypic changes in endothelial cells similar to those observed in some cardiovascular diseases, the aim of this study was to analyze the preventive role of male sex hormones on the vascular damage induced by organ culture. We used aortic segments from control and orchidectomized rats incubated for 20 hours at 37oC in serum free culture medium. In this system we studied: i) the prostanoids and H2O2 production in the culture medium; ii) the hyperpolarizing mechanisms on the responses induced by acetylcholine (Ach) and by the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and iii) the effect of TXA2-mimetic U-46619 on vasodilator responses. The results showed that organ culture: i) increased the production of prostanoids and H2O2 in aorta from both groups of rats; ii) decreased the Ach-induced relaxation in aorta from orchidectomized rats, while i...

Studies of self-reported health on large cohorts in Sweden indicate that men and women in lower social classes in this country report considerably worse health than men and women in the upper classes. This is in line with many other research findings in many countries. What is interesting in Swedish data, however, is that self-reported health improved during the ten-year period after retirement. This was particularly pronounced during the years of financial crisis during the 1990s. Low decision latitude at work seems to account for part of the poor health in the lower social classes. An important task in future research will be to tie the epidemiological findings on ageing to endocrine factors strongly correlated with ageing, such as female and male sex hormones as well as their precursor, DHEA.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two registered herbal drugs called IMOD and Angipars on mouse model. Aging was induced by D-galactose (500 mg/kg) administered to animals for 6 weeks through drinking water. Male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 5 groups receiving D-galactose (D-galactose, 500 mg/kg) for 6 weeks; positive control (D-galactose [500 mg/kg] for 6 weeks + Vitamin E [200 mg/kg/day] intraperitoneally for 4 weeks); IMOD (D-galactose [500 mg/kg] for 6 weeks + IMOD [20 mg/kg/day] intraperitoneally for 4 weeks), Angipars (D-galactose [500 mg/kg] for 6 weeks + Angipars [2.1 mg/kg/day] by gavage for 4 weeks); and the fifth group that was sham and not given D-galactose. At the end of treatment, pro-inflammatory markers including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interlukine-1β (IL-β), interlukine-6 (IL-6), Nuclear Factor-kappaB (NF-κb), total antioxidant power (TAP), lipid peroxides (LPO) and male sex hormones i.e. testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) were measured in the blood. Results showed that D-Galactose induces a significant oxidative stress and proinflammatory cascade of aging while both IMOD and Angipars recovered all of them. Interestingly, IMOD and Angipars were better than Vitamin E in improving male sex hormones in aged mice. This effect is so important and should be considered as an advantage although it cannot be explained with current knowledge. The conclusion is that IMOD and Angipars have marked anti-aging effect on D-galactose-induced model of aging.

Impure, acne-like (acne prone) skin is common for both males and females in their puberty and sometimes in adulthood. It is due to increased sebum secretion under the influence of male sex hormones, abnormal keratinization of the follicle and consecutive increased proliferation of the skin microflora (e.g., Propionibacterium acnes) and inflammatory responses. The skin looks greasy and shiny, rough with dilated pores and has a greater tendency to develop comedones, pimples, and pustules [15, 21]. Most people feel the skin unpleasant and perceive it as a serious cosmetic problem. That is why the control over the impure, acne-like skin is very important.

Aims: To evaluate the sex hormone status of young male patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and to investigate whether there were any differences in bowel symptoms related to the hormone levels. Methods: Thirty-eight young male patients with IBS were compared with 20 healthy young men. Details of symptoms were collected by a structured questionnaire. Each subject underwent a blood test and colonoscopy. The blood test included serum testosterone, free testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. Based on the questionnaire, patients were classified as having diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D) or constipation-predominant IBS (IBS-C). Results: Among the 38 patients with IBS, 24 had IBS-D and 14 had IBS-C. The patients had higher levels of testosterone and SHBG than did the controls (p = 0.04 and p = 0.03, respectively). However, there was no significant difference between the IBS-D and IBS-C group with regard to the testosterone and SHBG levels (p > 0.05). There was also no difference in the duration and severity of symptoms between these 2 groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Sex hormone status in young men differ from those in older men and may play an important role in the pathophysiology of IBS, regardless of the dominant symptom type.

Summary Although many studies have shown that there are trade-offs between longevity and reproduction, whether such trade-offs exist in humans has been a matter of debate [1,2]. In many species, including humans, males live shorter than females, which could be due to the action of male sex hormones. Castration, which removes the source of male sex hormones, prolongs male lifespan in many animals, but this issue has been debated in humans [3]. To examine the effects of castration on longevity, we analyzed the lifespan of historical Korean eunuchs. Korean eunuchs preserved their lineage by adopting castrated boys. We studied the genealogy records of Korean eunuchs and determined the lifespan of 81 eunuchs. The average lifespan of eunuchs was 70.0 ± 1.76 years, which was 14.4–19.1 years longer than the lifespan of non-castrated men of similar socio-economic status. Our study supports the idea that male sex hormones decrease the lifespan of men.

With the use of "isotopic method" a study was made of the main parameters of functional activity of serotoninergic elements of hypothalamus--the specific uptake and release of 5-OT. The animals used were sexually mature rats castrated on the first postnatal day. In sexually mature intact males the specific uptake of 3H-5-OT by serotoninergic structures of the anterior hypothalamus was significantly lower than in females. Castration of animals on the first day of life resulted in the increase of specific 5-OT uptake in sexually mature males up to that observed in females. There were no differences between the sexes in the rate of spontaneous release of 5-OT. However, response to K(+)-depolarization in the anterior hypothalamus of intact males was significantly lower than that in females. In the hypothalamus of males castrated neonatally the amplitude of the response to the effect of the depolarizing agent was increase up to the level observed in females. By the results obtained it is indicated that elimination of the effect of male hormones on the first postnatal day results in the increase of 5-OT uptake and release in the hypothalamus of sexually mature rat males.

It is well established that the functional state of sebaceous glands in vivo is a tightly regulated process orchestrated through the interaction of male sex hormones and functional androgen receptors expressed on sebocytes. In the last few years, however, it has become increasingly apparent that sebocytes like epidermal keratinocytes express a variety of cytokines which are implicated in inflammatory and immune responses. For example, sebocytes in vivo have been found to highly express tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) as determined by immunohistochemical and electron-microscopic methods. Moreover, certain neuropeptides including vascular intestinal peptide and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) peptides as well as their receptors have been localized within the pilosebaceous unit of murine and human skin. Since POMC peptides such as α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone have recently been shown to exert important immunoregulatory effects by antagonizing the function of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g. interleukin 1, interleukin 6 and TNF-α), induction of immunosuppressive cytokines (like interleukin 10), modulation of costimulatory molecule expression (e.g. B7-2) or suppression of macrophage-derived nitric oxide, complex interactions between these mediators and their target cells within the pilosebaceous gland seem to exist. The successful cultivation of sebocytes will provide a model by which the effect of these mediators can be studied in detail in order to shed light onto the various pathophysiological conditions of sebaceous glands.

There is currently great interest in understanding the role of androgens in both men and women. It is well established that testosterone levels decline with age in men but whether this is a physiologic or pathologic process remains to be determined. Many older men who have low testosterone levels also have symptoms suggestive of hypogonadism. The role of androgens on androgen-dependent target organs is well documented, particularly for younger patients who have androgen deficiency. It is speculated that women who have testosterone deficiency could benefit from testosterone therapy.

Hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) is known to be increased by female as well as male sex hormones, but whether there are differences in HVR between men and women remains unclear. To determine whether gender differences exist in HVR, we undertook systematic comparisons of resting ventilation and HVR in awake male and female cats. Furthermore to explore the potential contribution of sex hormones to gender differences observed, we compared neutered and intact cats of both sexes. Resting ventilation differed among the four groups, but differences disappeared with correction for body weight. Intact females had a lower end-tidal PCO2 than intact male cats (females: 31.6 +/- 0.4 Torr vs. males: 33.6 +/- 0.4 Torr, P less than 0.05), indicating an increased alveolar ventilation per unit CO2 production. HVR expressed as the shape parameter A was similar among the four groups of animals. However, baseline (hyperoxic; end-tidal PO2 greater than 200 Torr) minute ventilation [VI(PO2 greater than 200)] differed among the groups. Therefore we normalized HVR by dividing the shape parameter A by VI(PO2 greater than 200) to compare the relative hypoxic chemosensitivity among the various groups of animals. In addition, we further normalized HVR for body weight, because body size influences ventilation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The anabolic-androgen steroids (AAS) are chemicals that have both properties contained in the same molecule. Therefore, it is impossible to discuss one type of action without including the other because the effects of intoxication from these compounds are both anabolic and androgenic. Anabolic action is the performance-enhancing and muscle-mass-proliferation property, whereas the androgenic action is characteristic of male sex hormones. The pharmacological objective in use by athletes is to promote the anabolic or performance-enhancing effect while attempting to minimize the androgenic effect.

EPA`s new computer models of androgens and estrogens correctly predicted that two common PCBs would have little or no affinity for sex hormone receptors but that the third common PCB would. Concerns that pseudoestogens may underlie an apparent breast cancer epidemic in women may be too simplistic however. EPA scientists have now identified a host of pollutants that functionally mimic estrogens in animals yet act through a nonestrogenic pathway by blocking male sex hormones. This article summarizes this and other studies on hormonal reprecussions of environmental toxins, including studies of molecular structure and animal studies.

This comment intends to draw the argument away from assumptions that handedness is the major cause of asymmetry in upper limbs, suggesting possible explanations of forelimb asymmetry could derive from asymmetry in the main trunk or differential influence of male sex hormones on development around the shoulder region.

Attempts were made to examine the sexual effects on the induction of intestinal metaplasia in rats. The number and locus of intestinal metaplasia in the gastric region induced by 2,000 rads of X-ray were greater in the male than in the female. Alkaline phosphatase activity appeared in the male only. The intestinal metaplasia induced by stomach antigen injection in the male persisted longer than in the female. Moreover, the incidence of intestinal metaplasia caused by whole body irradiation in ovariectomized rats was significantly higher than in the sham-ovariectomized ones. Therefore, it is likely that male sex hormones are promoting while female sex hormones are inhibiting the development of intestinal metaplasia.

Male, female and castrated rats, three wk of age, were fed a low-fat diet for 14 wk followed by high-fat diets (20% by weight) for one wk containing graded levels of erucic acid from 1 to 50%, to evaluate the effect of short-term feeding and interaction of male sex hormones on formation of heart lesions. Some rats within each group were returned to the low-fat diet for one wk after the test period. For comparison, one group of three-wk-old male rats was fed the high fat 50% erucic acid diet for 15 wk. Erucic acid depressed growth rate and food consumption and increased cardiac lipidosis and triglycerides proportional to the erucic acid content of the diet. There were no sex differences, and the effects disappeared once rats were returned to the low-fat diet for one week. There was a significance (P

The opinion that in man, too, variably strong sexual appetence and potency are combined with a variable quantity of male sex hormones, was reinforced through the results of some research work done in animals [e.g. Stone, 1932; Sollenberger and Hamilton, 1939; Berg, 1944]. A greater amount of testosterone in the blood should result in higher sexual reactivity, increased coital activity, and a more intense sensory accompaniment during sexual union and orgasm. The consequences of this conception for the use of androgenic preparations in the therapy of male functional sexual disorders are evident. The aim of this study is to compare the sexual activity in normal men and in patients with a varicocele, all of whom had come to be examined for the sterility of their marriage.

INTRODUCTION OBSERVATIONS of poultry breeders as well as research workers indicate that old males kept under natural conditions usually exhibit a low degree of fertility in early spring. Fertility in young males during the early spring season is usually much superior to that of old males. This condition has brought about the extensive use of young untested males for breeding rather than more valuable old males particularly in early spring. If special treatment and management should produce early spermatogenesis in old males, such methods would be extremely valuable to poultry breeders. Sex hormones have been tested extensively for their effects on the gonads of laboratory animals and upon secondary sex characters. In the fowl effects on the gonads and upon such secondary sex characters as comb development have been studied in relatively young chicks. Available information on how hormones affect the production of functional spermatozoa is very limited. Asmundson and . . .

SummaryMale rats fed a moderately low protein diet were more susceptible than females, or than both sexes on a normal diet, to monocrotaline, an alkaloid causing hemorrhagic hepatic damage and other lesions. Rats of both sexes on still more deficient diets were as resistant as normal rats. Testosterone propionate increased the toxicity of monocrotaline for both sexes on the more deficient diet. These experiments suggest that the greater susceptibility of male rats to monocrotaline may be due to the metabolic effects of male sex hormones.

The synthesis of cis - and trans -6-(4′- oxo cyclo hexenyl )-9-methyldecal-1-ol, which may be regarded as analogues of D-homo-testosterone, is described.

The value of chorionic gonadotropin as a therapeutic agent in hypogenitalism and cryptorchidism, and of the testosterone compounds in eunuchoids and castrates, has been well established. Coincident with the improvement in the genital development of boys under chorionic gonadotropin therapy, an increase in the growth rate beyond the expected average was observed by Lurie and Hertzman (1), Dorff (2), Thompson (3), and by us. Rubinstein and Solomon (4–7) demonstrated an increase in body length of white rats following the administration of moderate doses of testosterone compounds. Webster and Hoskins (8) Rapfogel (9), Albright et al. (10), Brown and Ross (11) and Goldgieher (12) used testosterone propionate in children presenting growth deficiency and observed an increase in growth rate in these children and a few adolescents. There are several contradictory reports pertaining to the effect of various hormones on bone growth, bone density and epiphyseal union in rats, mice and guinea pigs.

THERE HAVE BEEN few fields of organic chemistry in which the develop-ments have been so rapid and dramatic as in the field of the sex hop mones. Within the space of a decade we have seen not only the isolation of the various female and male sex hormones but also the elucidation of the molecular structure of these complicated compounds and their preparation in the laboratory from inactive substances. In making these achievements possible certain contributions wereof prime importance. For the isolation of a hormone a reliable bioassay procedure is necessary, and it was the develop-ment of the Allen-Doisy vaginal smear method for assay of the estrogens which made possible the isolation of the interesting series of these hormones which we now know. This method is based on the fact that the course of the estrual cycle of the rat or mouse is characterised by changes in the nature of the vaginal epithelium.

Recently, we reported that the clearance of 131I-labeled IAP from subcutaneous tissue of male rats is more rapid than that of females especially at the age of maximal sexual development (1). This led us to postulate that male sex hormones are stimulators of the subcutaneous blood flow, while female hormones have an inhibitory effect. Since this postulate could be tested by castration of male rats and administration of diethylstilbestrol (DES), we decided to pursue this line of experimentation.Methods. Twenty-eight sexually mature Sprague-Dawley rats (strain CD-1, Charles River) were divided into four groups of seven as follows: Group I, females with no treatment; Group II, males treated with nine daily subcutaneous injections1 of 0.2 ml placebo (vegetable oil vehicle) over a 2-week period before the clearances; Group III, castrated males treated with placebo as in Group II; and, Group IV, castrated males treated with nine daily subcutaneous injections of 25 mg/kg DES2 over a 2-week period before the clear...

SummaryA colorimetric method is described for male sex hormone assays on urine. The color assays are compared with comb growth assays on capons.