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ResumoO objetivo do presente trabalho é criar um modelo de treinamento em artroscopia de ombro de baixo custo abaixo de 100 dólares, tornando-o acessível à capacitação prática de estudantes de medicina e residentes. O modelo foi criado utilizando um cano de PVC de 150 mm de diâmetro em 90 graus e um modelo de ombro sintético. O posicionamento das peças foi disposto de forma a simular a posição de decúbito lateral com membro superior em tração, frequente nas artroscopias. Para auxiliar no treinamento, foram demarcados pontos coloridos na glenóide e foi confeccionado um modelo de parte do manguito rotador na porção superior da escápula. Foi possível confeccionar um modelo para treinamento de artroscopia do ombro com um valor abaixo de 100 dólares, de fácil manufatura, que pode ser um auxiliar no treinamento de cirurgiões.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) diagnosis is based on psychological and imaging tests but can also include monitoring cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers. However, CSF based-neurochemical approaches are expensive and invasive, limiting their use to well-equipped settings. In contrast, blood-based biomarkers are minimally invasive, cost-effective, and a widely accessible alternative. Blood-derived exosomes have recently emerged as a reliable AD biomarker source, carrying disease-specific cargo. Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy meets the criteria for an ideal diagnostic methodology since it is rapid, easy to implement, and has high reproducibility. This metabolome-based technique is useful for diagnosing a broad range of diseases, although to our knowledge, no reports for FTIR spectroscopy applied to exosomes in AD exist. In this ground-breaking pilot study, FTIR spectra of serum and serum-derived exosomes from two independent cohorts were acquired and analyzed using multivariate analysis. The regional UA-cohort includes 9 individuals, clinically diagnosed with AD, mean age of 78.7 years old; and the UMG-cohort comprises 12 individuals, clinically diagnosed with AD (based on molecular and/or imaging data), mean age of 73.2 years old. Unsupervised principal component analysis of FTIR spectra of serum-derived exosomes revealed higher discriminatory value for AD cases when compared to serum as a whole. Consistently, the partial least-squares analysis revealed that serum-derived exosomes present higher correlations than serum. In addition, the second derivative peak area calculation also revealed significant differences among Controls and AD cases. The results obtained suggest that this methodology can discriminate cases from Controls and thus be potential useful to assist in AD clinical diagnosis.

Background: Injuries to the articular cartilage of the knee often fail to heal properly, due to the hypocellular and avascular nature of this tissue. Subsequent disability can limit participation in sports and decrease quality of life. Subchondral bone perforations are used for the treatment of small defects. Larger lesions filling out the central portion becomes difficult, and scaffolds can be used as adjuvants, providing a matrix onto which the defect can be filled in completely and also autogenous cartilage grafts can be combined, acting as an inducer and improving healing quality, all in a single procedure.Methods: Evaluate the clinical and quality of life outcomes of patients with articular cartilage lesions of the knee undergoing repair via a microfracture technique combined with a synthetic scaffold and autogenous cartilage graft, with transosseous sutures and fibrin glue fixation, at 12 months of follow-up. Secondarily, assess whether combined procedures, previous surgical intervention, traumatic aetiology, lesion location, and age affect outcomes. Observational study of adult patients (age 18–66 years) with symptoms consistent with chondral or osteochondral lesions, isolated or multiple, ICRS grade III/IV, 2–12 cm2 in size. Patients with corrected angular deviations or instabilities were included. Those with BMI > 40 kg/m2, prior total or subtotal (> 30%) meniscectomy, second-look procedures, and follow-up < 6 months were excluded. Pain (VAS), physical activity (IKDC), osteoarthritis (WOMAC), and general quality of life (SF-36) were assessed.Results: 64 procedures were included, comprising 60 patients. There was significant improvement (P < 0.05) in VAS (5.92 to 2.37), IKDC score (33.44 to 56.33), and modified WOMAC score (53.26 to 75.93) after surgery. The SF-36 showed significant improvements in the physical and mental domains (30.49 to 40.23 and 46.43 to 49.84 respectively; both P < 0.05).Conclusions: Combination of microfractures, autogenous crushed cartilage graft, synthetic scaffold, and transosseous sutures with fibrin glue provides secure fixation for treatment of articular cartilage lesions of the knee. At 12-month follow-up, function had improved by 20 points on the IKDC and WOMAC, and quality of life by 10 points on the SF-36. Age > 45 years had a negative impact on outcomes.

INTRODUCTION: Interventions in different joints may be necessary to correct crouch gait and others musculoskeletal changes that occur as time passes for Cerebral Palsy (CP) children. Multilevel surgery reduces the number of hospitalizations, contributes to the prevention of secondary disabilities, and improves ambulation ability of children with diplegia. OBJECTIVE: Document the changes in mobility outcomes of a bilateral CP child, type diplegia, child after lower limbs multilevel surgery in the Brazilian context MATERIAL AND METHODS: The participant was an eight-year-old girl, Gross Motor Function Classification System level III. The mother signed the informed consent form. The Gross Motor Function Measure–66 (GMFM-66) was performed one day before surgery and one, three, six and twelve months after surgery. To complete the child’s evolution records, additional information was obtained through the electronic system of the hospital. RESULTS: The GMFM-66 total score was: 49.6 pre-operative (CI95%: 47.3-51.9); 42.8 after one month (CI95%: 40.7-45.0); 49.9 after three months (CI95%: 47.6-52.1); 52.6 after six months (CI95%: 50.2-55.0) and 56.9 after one year (CI95%: 54.6-59.2), increasing after 6 months of surgery (*p

Purpose This study aimed to elaborate a hydrogel constituted by carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), hyaluronic acid (HA) and silver (Ag) and to evaluate its healing effect on partial-thickness burn wounds experimentally induced in rats. Methods CMC was obtained by chitosan reacting with monochloroacetic acid. The carboxymethylation was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Scanning electron microscopy was used to determine the morphologicalcharacteristics of chitosan and CMC. After the experimental burn wound induction, the animals (n = 126) were treated with different CMC formulations, had their occlusive dressings changed daily and were followed through 7, 14 and 30 days. Morphometric, macroscopic and microscopic aspects and collagen quantification were evaluated. Results Significative wound contraction, granulation tissue formation, inflammatory infiltration and collagen fibers deposit throughout different phases of the healing process were observed in the CMC hydrogels treated groups. Conclusions The results showed that, in the initial phase of the healing process, the most adequate product was the CMC/HA/Ag association, while in the other phases the CMC/HA association was the best one to promote the healing of burn wounds.

Background: Chronic inflammation is a feature of Alzheimer´s disease (AD), resulting in excessive production of inflammatory mediators that can lead to neuroinflammation, contributing to alterations in Aβ production and deposition as Senile Plaques (SPs), and to neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formation, due to hyperphosphorylated Tau protein. Objective: This work addressed the impact of the interleukin-8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), two chemokines, on Tau phosphorylation; and also evaluated the chemokines’ levels in plasma using samples from a regional cohort. Methods: Human neuronal SH-SY5Y cells exposed to IL-8 and MCP-1 chemokines were monitored for their protein and phosphorylated protein levels by western blotting analysis. A serine/threonine protein phosphatase (PPs) activity assay was employed to monitor PPs activity. Subsequently, flow cytometry was used to monitor chemokines levels in plasma samples from individuals with cognitive deficits. Results: Chemokines’ exposure resulted only in minor cytotoxicity effects on SH-SY5Y, and in increased Tau phosphorylation, particularly at the S396 residue. Tau phosphorylation correlated with PPs inhibition and was consistent with GSK3β phosphorylation-mediated inhibition. Subsequent analysis of plasma from individuals with cognitive deficits showed that IL-8 levels were decreased. Conclusion: Data shows that both chemokines tested can exert an effect on GSK3β phosphorylation and modulate PPs activity, potentially resulting in increased Tau phosphorylation and subsequent NFTs formation. One can deduce that increased chemokines stimulation during chronic inflammation can exacerbate this event. The work contributes to a better understanding of the mode of action of these chemokines on AD pathogenesis and opens novel research avenues.

Context: The lack of thorough knowledge regarding morphological and anatomical variations of the root canal system can result in failure to identify all root canals and lead to inadequate instrumentation and consequent failure of the endodontic treatment. Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the anatomy of single-rooted mandibular canines using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Subjects and Methods: Eighty mandibular canines were scanned by micro-CT to determine anatomic parameters: Vertucci's classification, number of lateral canals, roundness, and minor and major diameters. The shape of root canal orifices, volume, surface area, and convexity structure model index (SMI) were also evaluated. Analysis Used: The CTAn and CTvol software were used to three-dimensional and morphometric analysis. Results: All canals were classified as Vertucci Type I. Lateral canals were verified in 42.4% of the roots, in apical third. The canal diameters were decreased near the apex. The cross sections at the cementoenamel junction and 1 mm from the apex were oval in 38.3% and 79.4% of the canals, respectively. The mean canal volumes and surface areas were 11.48 ± 4.41 mm3 ≥ and 67.29 ± 19.18 mm2, respectively. The SMI values indicated that mandibular canine was approximately rod like. Conclusions: The morphology of the root canal of single-rooted canines varied widely at different root levels.

As the population ages, there is a growing need to quickly and accurately identify putative dementia cases. Many cognitive tests are available; among those commonly used are the Cognitive Dementia Rating (CDR) and the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE). The aim of this work was to compare the validity and reliability of these cognitive tests in a primary care based cohort (pcb-Cohort). The MMSE and the CDR were applied to 568 volunteers in the pcb-Cohort. Distinct cut-off points for the MMSE were considered, namely MMSE 27, MMSE 24, and MMSE PT (adapted for the Portuguese population). The MMSE 27 identified the greatest number of putative dementia cases, and, as determined by the ROC curve, it was the most sensitive and specific of the MMSE cut-offs considered. Putative predictive or risk factors identified included age, literacy, depression, and diabetes mellitus (DM). DM has previously been indicated as a risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Comparatively, the MMSE 27 cut-off has the greatest sensibility (94.9%) and specificity (66.3%) when compared to MMSE PT and MMSE 24. Upon comparing MMSE and CDR scores, the latter identified a further 146 putative dementia cases, thus permitting one to propose that in an ideal situation, both tests should be employed. This increases the likelihood of identifying putative dementia cases for subsequent follow up work, thus these cognitive tests represent important tools in patient care. Further, this is a significant study for Portuguese populations, where few of these studies have been carried out.

Um dos principais objetivos da na reprodução e peixes é a produção de um grande número de gametas viáveis e alta sobrevivência da prole. Nos últimos anos, foram realizados importantes progressos na melhoria da eficiência na produção de gametas e viabilidade da prole. No entanto, existem lacunas importantes no que diz respeito ao compreendimento dos processos dinâmicos fisiológicos associados à gametogênese. O conhecimento das estruturas que compõe as gônadas, bem como o todos os mecanismos neuroendócrinos e de sinalização molecular é de extrema importância na elaboração de protocolos reprodutivos de peixes. Entre os desafios encontrados, destaca-se a ampla gama de espécies de peixes de diferentes famílias, os quais, na maioria das vezes, possuem mecanismos fisiológicos espécie-específico. No mecanismo neuroendócrino da reprodução de peixes é dado ênfase ao Hormônio liberador de gonadotrofinas (GnRH), neurotransmissor produzido e secretado pelo hipotálamo, que atua como fator estimulador na liberação de LH e, em menor grau, do FSH. Os hormônios gonadotróficos folículo estimulante e luteinizante (FSH e LH) atuam como os principais reguladores durante a vitelogênese e maturação dos gametas. Acreditava-se que a melatonina estaria envolvida no mecanismo neuroendócrino como resposta ao fotoperíodo, inibindo a liberação de GnRH. Recentemente, estudos evidenciaram que a melatonina atua também acelerando a ação do hormônio indutor da maturação (MIH) e, consequentemente, a retomada do ciclo celular meiótico. Desta forma, o objetivo desta revisão é esclarecer os mecanismos fisiológicos da reprodução de peixes teleósteos, partindo da descrição da morfologia das gônadas, compreendimento dos mecanismos neuroendócrinos e da sinalização molecular.

Objetivo: Descrever e investigar as principais etiologias da perda auditiva. Métodos: Tratou-se de uma revisão de literatura do tipo integrativa, de caráter qualitativa e descritiva. O estudo consistiu na realização de busca de artigos científicos nas plataformas de saúde, publicados em revistas, jornais e livros, nos idiomas inglês e português, publicados entre os anos de 2017 a 2021. Resultados: Na busca bibliográfica, foram encontrados 35 artigos, destes, somente 15 foram selecionadas. Dentre as publicações selecionadas, dois artigos foram do ano de 2021, ambos em língua portuguesa, quatro artigos foram do ano de 2020, sendo em língua inglesa e língua portuguesa, um artigo do ano de 2018 e em língua portuguesa, um artigo do ano de 2017 também em língua portuguesa, três artigos foram do ano de 2016, sendo da língua inglesa e língua portuguesa. Considerações finais: Diante das inúmeras etiologias descritas, reforçou-se a importância do rastreio seja para causas congênitas e não-congênitas com ou sem fatores genéticos associados, com a finalidade de traçar o perfil nosológico da surdez, e assim, colaborar para que políticas de saúde pública sejam adotadas, a fim de minimizar a ocorrência.

Background/Aims: Diagnosing dementia is challenging in many primary care settings, given the limited human resources and the lack of current diagnostic tools. With this in mind, a primary care-based cohort was established in the Aveiro district of Portugal. Methods: A total of 568 participants were evaluated using cognitive tests and APOE genotyping. Results: The findings revealed a dementia prevalence of 12%. A strong correlation between increasing Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scores and education was clearly evident. Other highly relevant risk factors were activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental ADL, aging, depression, gender, the APOE ε4 allele, and comorbidities (depression as well as gastrointestinal, osteoarticular, and neurodegenerative diseases). A hitherto unreported, significant correlation between gastrointestinal disease and high CDR score was clearly observable. Conclusions: This study shows the merit of carrying out a dementia screening on younger subjects. Significantly, 71 subjects in the age group of 50-65 years were flagged for follow-up studies; furthermore, these cases with a potentially early onset of dementia were identified in a primary care setting.

OBJECTIVE To validate an affordable and easily reproducible arthroscopic knee surgery simulator made from simple, low-cost materials by demonstrating its ability to distinguish experienced from novice arthroscopists (i.e., construct validity). Additionally, acceptance and usefulness of the simulator in medical training and education were assessed. DESIGN The simulator was used to perform a partial meniscectomy in both menisci. External and intra-articular images obtained during the procedures were used to assess objective visual parameters. The Arthroscopic Surgical Skill Evaluation Tool and a Likert scale addressing individual perceptions about the simulator and its applicability in medical education were also used. SETTING The study was conducted at Hospital de Clinicas da Universidade Federal do Parana, a teaching hospital in southern Brazil. PARTICIPANTS Thirty sixth-year medical students were recruited, as well as 10 orthopedic surgeons who had knee arthroscopy expertise and were members of a sports traumatology and knee arthroscopy group. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences between the groups in all objective parameters. The mean time to perform the procedure was 60% higher among students compared to surgeons. Students needed 72.5% more time on average to perform triangulations and obtained an error rate approximately twice higher in the assessment of the area removed from the menisci. Regarding Arthroscopic Surgical Skill Evaluation Tool scores, statistically significant differences were found between surgeons and students in all 8 domains and in the total score. The simulator was well accepted, as over 90% of participants found it useful for education and training, believed it contributed to teaching and assessing specific surgical steps and procedures, and reported that the task was enjoyable. CONCLUSIONS The arthroscopic knee surgery simulator was largely accepted and had good applicability in objective measurement of surgical skills, distinguishing medical students from orthopedic surgeons and thus demonstrating construct validity.

a Curso de Graduacao em Medicina, Centro Universitario Christus (Unichristus), Fortaleza, CE, Brasil b CET, Hospital Geral de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil c Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia (SBA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil d Disciplina de Anestesiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brasil e CET, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brasil f Servico de Anestesiologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de Sao Paulo (Icesp), Sao Paulo, SP, Brasil g Servico de Anestesia da Unidade II, Instituto Nacional do Câncer (Inca), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil h CET, Instituto Nacional do Câncer (Inca), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil i Curso Suporte Avancado de Vida em Anestesia (Sava), Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia (SBA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil j Sociedade de Anestesiologia do Estado de Sao Paulo (Saesp), Sao Paulo, SP, Brasil k Hospital Sao Carlos, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil l Hospital Haroldo Juacaba, Instituto do Câncer do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil m Servico de Oncologia, Hospital Sao Carlos, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil n Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil o CET, Servico de Anestesia e Medicina Perioperatoria, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil

The study had the goal to study the relationship between resilience, stress and injuries in the sport context. Eight female athletes, part of the Rhythmic Gymnastics Brazilian Team along the Olympic Cycle 2015–2016 participated in the study, with a mean age of 20.4±2.5 years. The following instruments were used: RESTQ-76 Sport, CD-RISC 10, documental analysis of physical therapy records, and structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics (frequency, mean and standard deviation); Repeated Measured ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post-hoc, Student’s “t” test, Friedman test, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, Cohen’s d, and inductive thematic analysis. We found relatively stable levels of stress and recovery across the season; total recovery levels were higher than stress at all four measured timepoints (p

Reiki is a therapy performed by placing hands on specific points in the body and using energy transfer to provide a natural well-being. The Nursing also presents within its specific interventions, an essential part based on the touch to the person to whom it cares, being therefore important to have correct knowledge on these techniques. Thus the study intends to evaluate the knowledge that the nurses have about Reiki and to identify determining factors in this knowledge. It is a cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational study, carried out in a non-probabilistic sample by convenience, consisting of 49 nurses with a mean age of 38.96 years, working in health institutions in the central region of Portugal to whom was applied a questionnaire to evaluate knowledge about Reiki, which was developed for this purpose by the researchers. We found that 59.1% of the Nurses had reasonable knowledge, 38.6% had high knowledge and only 2.3% had low knowledge. Knowledge was higher in nurses who had already received Reiki treatment (p = 0.032) who had differentiated care (p = 0.019) who were holders of the master degree (0.040) and had a higher professional category (p = 0.016). We conclude that the knowledge of nurses about Reiki is moderately positive and these are clearly superior in the group that performs functions in differentiated care when compared to those of primary care. On the other hand we found several factors that correlate with this knowledge and on which it is important to intervene in order to improve knowledge info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Maintaining physical exercise in the elderly is fundamental, as it strengthens physical fitness, increases autonomy, reduces imbalance and reduces risk of falls. Thus, it is important to identify the risk of falls in the elderly and to determine correlations between this risk, sedentarism/ physical activity (PA) and body mass index (BMI). It is a cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational and quantitative study. A non-probabilistic sample consisted of 124 elderly individuals, 68 females and 56 males, aged 65-88 years (M = 71.9; Dp = 5.05). The data collection instrument included questions of sociodemographic characterization, health profile and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). The results show that only 12.9% of the elderly present levels of recommended physical activity. The risk of falls is high to 13.8%, of the elderly, medium to 55.6% and low risk to 30.6%. The risk of falls is higher in older people (p = 0.000), those with higher BMI (p = 0.023), and less physical activity (p = 0.000). There were no statistically significant differences between men and women (p = 0.668). Evidence shows that an increase in PA and maintenance of BMI within normal values translates into lower levels of imbalance and risk of falling in the elderly. Thus raising the awareness of the elderly and caregivers about these factors should be a strategy to develop, in order to provide an active and healthy aging. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate the dose–response effect of insulin, plus follicle-simulating hormone (FSH) at a fixed concentration, in a serum-free defined culture medium (DCM) on the in vitro maturation of bovine cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs). For oocyte nuclear maturation, the expression levels of GDF9, GLUT1, PRDX1 and HSP70.1 transcripts related to oocyte and embryo developmental competence were analysed. For in vitro maturation (IVM), cumulus–oocyte complexes from slaughterhouse ovaries were distributed into four groups based on insulin concentration added to serum-free DCM, which was composed of alpha minimum essential medium (α-MEM), as basal medium: (1) DCM control: 0 ng/ml; (2) DCM1: 1 ng/ml; (3) DCM10: 10 ng/ml; and (4) DCM100: 100 ng/ml. After IVM, the nuclear status of a sample of oocytes was analysed and the other oocytes were submitted for in vitro fertilization (IVF) and in vitro culture (IVC). Different concentrations of insulin did not affect significantly the nuclear maturation and cleavage rate (72 h post-insemination) across all groups. Blastocyst rate (192 h post-insemination) did not differ in DCM control (24.3%), DCM1 (27.0%) and DCM10 (26.3%) groups, but the DCM100 (36.1%) group showed a greater blastocyst rate (P < 0.05) than the DCM control. Insulin concentrations of 1, 10, or 100 ng/ml decreased the relative levels of GDF9 and HSP70-1 transcripts in oocytes at the end of IVM (P < 0.05). The transcripts levels of PRDX1 decreased (P < 0.05) only when 10 or 100 ng/ml insulin was added to the DCM medium. No difference in levels of GLUT1 transcripts (P > 0.05) was observed at the different insulin concentrations. The results indicated that insulin added to DCM influenced levels of transcripts related to cellular stress (HSP70-1 and PRDX1) and oocyte competence (GDF9) in bovine oocytes and at higher concentrations enhanced blastocyst production.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of phlebitis and its association with sociodemographic characteristics and related to the peripheral venous catheter in adults admitted in a university hospital. Method: A cross-sectional study with a sample of 231 patients with peripheral venous access. Results: The prevalence of phlebitis was 24.7%, with higher concentration in grade 2 with 35.1%. Considering the degree, it was found statistically significant (p = 0.006) of Grade 1 phlebitis (92.3%) and 2 (65.0%) with a time of catheter 72 hours and phlebitis grade 3 (63.6 %) and Grade 4 (69.2%) had spent more than 72 hours. Conclusion: High prevalence of phlebitis in patients is worrying. Discussing these references with the nursing staff, establish indicators of the prevalence of phlebitis can be an important strategy for monitoring nursing care/health

Summary Background and objectives Sevoflurane is presented in three types of vials. The differences in physical-chemical properties of those products are due to different manufacturing processes, although they are essentially identical regarding chemical comparison tests. It has been hypothesized that the Sevoflurane molecule could present chemical instability due to the formation of Lewis acids as a consequence of the materials used in the fabrication of the vials and the water content. The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical efficacy of Sevoflurane conditioned in different vials. Methods Sixty-four adult patients were randomly divided into two groups. Two Datex-Ohmeda vaporizers, one with only Generic Sevoflurane and the other with Sevorane™, were used. The study coordinator was responsible for supplying the vaporizers and he did not participated in none anesthetic procedures. The same anesthetic technique and monitoring (ECG, HR, SpO 2 , P ET CO 2 , BIS, SEF, TOF, % INSP, % EXP, SBP, and DBP) were used in both groups. Results During anesthesia, differences were not observed between both groups. A statistically significant difference was observed in the time between the interruption of Sevoflurane and spontaneous eye opening (13,91 ± 6.39 min in Group II, and 10.34 ± 6.05 min in Group I) and the interruption of Sevoflurane and handgrip on verbal command (15.38 ± 6.47 min in Group II, and 11.88 ± 6.60 in Group I). A statistically significance difference was not observed between the interruption of Sevoflurane and the moment that patients achieved an Aldrete- Kroulik index equal or above 8. Conclusions during anesthesia a significant difference between both groups was not observed. Although awakening was 3,5 minutes faster in Group I (Generic Sevoflurane), anesthesiologists did not observe any difference in the clinical behavior of patients.

Purpose: To investigate the relation between optical properties, population receptive fields (pRFs), visual function, and subjectively perceived quality of vision after cataract surgery. Methods: The study includes 30 patients who had recently undergone bilateral sequential cataract surgery. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging and pRF modelling methods to assess pRF sizes across visual cortical regions (V1-V3). Subjects also performed a complete ophthalmologic and psychophysical examination and answered a quality of vision questionnaire. Results: Subjects with worse optical properties had, as predicted, larger pRF sizes. In addition, analysis in the primary visual cortex revealed significantly larger mean pRF sizes for operated subjects with worse contrast sensitivity (P = 0.038). In contrast, patients who scored high in the subjective "bothersome" dimension induced by dysphotic symptoms had surprisingly lower pRF size fitting interception (P = 0.012) and pRF size fitting slopes (P = 0.020), suggesting a dissociation between objective quality of vision and subjective appraisal. Conclusions: Optical properties of the eye influence pRF size. In particular, visual aberrations have a negative impact on visual cortical processing. A novel dissociation between subjective reports of quality of vision and pRF sizes was further identified. This suggests that patients with better cortical resolution may have a negative subjective response possibly because of improved perception of dysphotic phenomena. pRF properties represent a valuable quantitative measure to objectively evaluate quality of vision but do not necessarily predict subjective complaints.

We investigated the ultradian and diurnal body temperature and plasma progesterone concentration rhythms and the temporal relationship between them in mares during the midluteal phase. Data were obtained from 6 mares at 3-h intervals for 3 consecutive days. Cosinor analysis showed that body temperature acrophases occurred in the evening, whereas the progesterone acrophases occurred in the early morning (3 mares) and at night (3 mares). The spectral analysis of the temperature data showed periods of 24 hr for all mares and of 8 hr for 1 mare. In contrast, the periods observed for plasma progesterone concentration were quite divergent (24 and 12 hr). The small variation in the rhythmic parameters of body temperature suggests that its oscillator system is stable. No phase relationship was detected between the rhythmometric parameters of body temperature and plasma progesterone concentration, suggesting that the physiological mechanisms of control of the 24 hr and ultradian rhythm of the two variables are not...

Aim To perform Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) using a novel technique to obtain very thin (

Background Since noradrenergic innervation was described in the ovarian follicle, the actions of the intraovarian catecholaminergic system have been the focus of a variety of studies. We aimed to determine the gonadotropin-independent effects of the catecholamine norepinephrine (NE) in the steroid hormone profile of a serum-free granulosa cell (GC) culture system in the context of follicular development and dominance. Methods Primary bovine GCs were cultivated in a serum-free, chemically defined culture system supplemented with 0.1% polyvinyl alcohol. The culture features were assessed by hormone measurements and ultrastructural characteristics of GCs. Results GCs produced increasing amounts of estradiol and pregnenolone for 144h and maintained ultrastructural features of healthy steroidogenic cells. Progesterone production was also detected, although it significantly increased only after 96h of culture. There was a highly significant positive correlation between estradiol and pregnenolone production in high E2-producing cultures. The effects of NE were further evaluated in a dose–response study. The highest tested concentration of NE (10 (−7) M) resulted in a significant increase in progesterone production, but not in estradiol or pregnenolone production. The specificity of NE effects on progesterone productio n was further investigated by incubating GCs with propranolol (10 (−8) M), a non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Conclusions The present culture system represents a robust model to study the impact of intrafollicular factors, such as catecholamines, in ovarian steroidogenesis and follicular development. The results of noradrenergic effects in the steroidogenesis of GC have implications on physiological follicular fate and on certain pathological ovarian conditions such as cyst formation and anovulation.

Previous studies have established a stimulatory effect of natriuretic peptides (NP) on testosterone production in mouse Leydig cells as intense as that of LH. Chronic administration of ANP in mice, on the other side, reduced testosterone levels. So, the understanding of the role of ANP on testicular steroidogenesis has been impaired by discrepant findings. The aim of the present study was to clarify the physiological role of ANP in the rat testis steroidogenesis using a model that preserves the interactions between testis cells and a medium devoid of any circulating factors that could interfere with testosterone production. First, ANP was immunolocalized in the interstitial compartment of the rat testis, mainly in Leydig cells. We also determined the presence of ANP and both GC-A (guanylyl cyclase A) and C receptors by real-time PCR in testis. Perfusion in vitro of testis with ANP (1 and 3x10(-7)M) stimulated testosterone production in a time- and dose-dependent manner. On the other side, testosterone secretion induced by LH was blunted by ANP. Similar effect was obtained using the specific C receptor ligand, cANF, indicating the involvement of C receptor in such response. In conclusion, ANP stimulated testosterone production in the rat testis perfused in vitro but decreased testosterone production LH-induced, effect that seems to involve C receptor. To this extent, our results suggest the existence of a local and complex peptidergic system in the rat testis, involving ANP and its receptors that could importantly modulate the androgen biosynthesis.

OBJETIVOS: relatos da literatura mostram que não há dados conclusivos sobre a associação entre a endometriose e as concentrações de hormônios envolvidos no controle da reprodução. Este estudo foi realizado para determinar as concentrações de FSH, LH, estradiol (E), progesterona (P) e histamina (Hi) no soro, no fluido peritoneal e no fluido folicular de mulheres com e sem endometriose. MÉTODOS: a extensão da doença foi estadiada de acordo com a American Fertility Society classification (1997). Para a coleta de soro e de fluido peritoneal foram selecionadas 28 mulheres com endometriose submetidas à laparoscopia diagnóstica (18 mulheres inférteis com endometriose I-II e dez mulheres inférteis com endometriose III-IV). Para o grupo controle, foram selecionadas 21 mulheres férteis submetidas à laparoscopia para esterilização tubárea. O fluido folicular foi obtido de 39 mulheres inférteis submetidas a fertilização in vitro (21 mulheres com endometriose e 18 mulheres sem endometriose). RESULTADOS: as concentrações de FSH e LH no soro, no fluido peritoneal e no fluido folicular não diferiram significativamente entre os grupos. As concentrações de E e P no fluido peritoneal foram significativamente mais baixas em mulheres inférteis com endometriose (E: 154,2±15,3 para estágios I-II e 89,3±9,8 ng/mL para estágios III-IV; P: 11,2±1,5 para estágios I-II e 7,6±0,8 ng/mL para estágios III-IV) em comparação com mulheres controle (E: 289,1±30,1; P: 32,8±4,1 ng/mL) (Testes de Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn; p

OBJETIVO: avaliar os efeitos de drogas anti-retrovirais isoladas e em associação sobre as taxas de fertilidade em ratas prenhes expostas a estes fármacos, bem como o efeito perinatal nas crias. MÉTODOS: foram utilizadas ratas fêmeas prenhes adultas da raça Wistar, pesando inicialmente entre 200 e 230 g. Foram testadas a azidotimidina (AZT), lamivudina (3TC) e nelfinavir (NFV), cujas dosagens foram padronizadas em 10 vezes a dose normalmente utilizada em gestantes, proporcionalmente ao peso dos animais. No total foram avaliados sete grupos, incluindo o controle. O início da experimentação foi o dia zero da prenhez e as cesarianas foram realizadas com 21 dias de prenhez. Para o cálculo das taxas de fertilidade, avaliaram-se o número de fetos vivos e mortos, sítios de implantação e número de corpos lúteos. Utilizaram-se o teste t de Student e Mann-Whitney para a análise estatística. RESULTADOS: não houve alterações significativas nas taxas de perdas pré-implantação e da eficiência de implantação de ratas tratadas com anti-retrovirais isolados e em associação. No entanto, houve aumento significativo nas taxas de perdas pós-implantação (grupo controle: 7,6%; grupos medicamentos: de 20,2 a 26,7%), redução significativa nas taxas de viabilidade fetal (grupo controle: 92,4%; grupos medicamentos: de 73,3 a 79,8%) e redução significativa no número de fetos por ninhada (grupo controle: 14,7, grupos medicamentos: de 11,1 a 12,7). Observou-se também que houve redução do peso materno e dos fetos nos grupos tratados com 3TC, AZT + 3TC e AZT + 3TC + NFV. CONCLUSÃO: com a utilização de doses elevadas de medicamentos anti-retrovirais na presente casuística, efeitos importantes sobre a fertilidade foram encontrados, o que sinaliza para a necessidade de se pesquisarem outros fármacos anti-retrovirais com menor potencial histotóxico e que possam, com segurança, ser utilizados por gestantes portadoras da infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana. PURPOSE: to evaluate experimentally the effects of antiretroviral drugs used alone and in association upon the fertility of pregnant Wistar rats and the perinatal effects on the offspring. METHODS: adult female pregnant Wistar rats weighing 200-230 g were used. The antiretroviral drugs zidovudine (AZT), lamivudine (3TC) and nelfinavir (NFV) were used alone and in association at daily doses of ten times the dose normally used in pregnant women, proportionally to the animal's body weight. Seven groups were studied, including the control one. The experiment started on day 0 and the pregnant animals were sacrificed on day 21. The alive and dead fetuses, the total implantation sites and the total numbers of corporea lutea were used to calculate the fertility values. The statistical analysis was performed by Student's t test and by the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: there were no significant statistical differences regarding preimplantation loss and implantation efficiency values of the rats treated with isolated and associated antiretroviral drugs. There was a significant increase in the postimplantation loss values (control group: 7.6%; drug groups variation: 20.2-26.7%), a decrease in the fetal viability values (control group: 92.4%, drug groups variation: 73.3-79.8%), and a decreasing number of fetuses per animal (control group: 14.7; drug groups variation: 11.1-12.7). There was a significant weight reduction of the female rats and of the offspring of animals treated with 3TC, AZT + 3TC and AZT + 3TC + NFV. CONCLUSION: with the administration of high antiretroviral doses, important fertility effects could be observed, which showed that less histotoxic antiretroviral drugs must be studied in order to warrant the safety of using these medicines in pregnant HIV-1 - infected women.

A endotelina-1, um peptídeo isolado recentemente, tem sido observada em diferentes tecidos e está envolvida em várias funções reprodutivas. Propusemo-nos a determinar as concentrações da endotelina-1 por radioimunoensaio no plasma de eqüinos e bovinos e no fluido folicular de eqüinos. Foram testados 2 tipos de inibidores de degradação protéica no plasma e fluido folicular. A imunorreatividade média foi de 47,5%, a dose mínima detectável foi de 1 pg/tubo e o coeficiente de variação inter e intra-ensaio foi de 2,36% e 7,26%, respectivamente. O paralelismo entre a curva padrão e as curvas determinadas com diferentes volumes de plasma e fluido folicular valida o radioimunoensaio de endotelina-1 para estas espécies. Segundo nosso conhecimento, este é o primeiro relato de literatura que detecta por radioimunoensaio a endotelina-1 no plasma e fluido folicular de eqüinos e plasma de bovinos. Os resultados do presente trabalho sugerem a utilização do método de radioimunoensaio utilizando-se kits comerciais para a determinação das concentrações da endotelina-1 no plasma de eqüinos e bovinos e fluido folicular de eqüinos, pelo fato de este apresentar alta sensibilidade, precisão e reprodutibilidade, podendo assim ser utilizado no estudo de múltiplas funções da endotelina-1 nestas espécies animais e, em especial, no sistema endócrino-reprodutivo. Endothelin-1, a recently isolated peptide, has been observed in different tissues and is involved in several reproductive functions. The objective of the present study was to determine the concentrations of immunoreactive endothelin-1 in the plasma of horses and cattle and in the follicular fluid of horses using a commercial radioimmunoassay kit. Mean immunoreactivity was 47.5%, the minimum detectable dose was 1 pg/tube and the interassay and intra-assay coefficients of variation were 2.36% and 7.26%, respectively. The parallelism between the standard curves and the curves determined with different volumes of plasma and follicular fluid validates the radioimmunoassay of endothelin-1 for these species. To our knowledge, this is the first report in the literature of detection of endothelin-1 in the plasma and follicular fluid of horses and in the plasma of cattle by radioimmunoassay. The present results suggest the use of the radioimmunoassay method employing commercial kits for the determination of endothelin-1 concentrations in horse and cattle plasma and horse follicular fluid because of its high sensitivity, accuracy and reproducibility, in order to study the multiple functions of endothelin-1 in these animals species, and especially in the endocrine-reproductive system.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:04:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1413-95961998000600007.pdf: 292705 bytes, checksum: 2f9ba905542e24aa6eaca16db3024a12 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:04:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1413-95961998000600007.pdf: 292705 bytes, checksum: 2f9ba905542e24aa6eaca16db3024a12 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T20:06:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1413-95961998000600007.pdf: 292705 bytes, checksum: 2f9ba905542e24aa6eaca16db3024a12 (MD5) S1413-95961998000600007.pdf.txt: 25913 bytes, checksum: 55f21a60f2685b3ec92cea87fbdf540f (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:17:03Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1413-95961998000600007.pdf: 292705 bytes, checksum: 2f9ba905542e24aa6eaca16db3024a12 (MD5) S1413-95961998000600007.pdf.txt: 25913 bytes, checksum: 55f21a60f2685b3ec92cea87fbdf540f (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:17:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1413-95961998000600007.pdf: 292705 bytes, checksum: 2f9ba905542e24aa6eaca16db3024a12 (MD5) S1413-95961998000600007.pdf.txt: 25913 bytes, checksum: 55f21a60f2685b3ec92cea87fbdf540f (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998-01-01 Dez vacas multíparas, secas, foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em dois grupos de cinco animais cada. Nos dias 8 a 12 do diestro, o primeiro grupo recebeu 100 ml de anti-soro contra líquido folicular livre de esteróides (anti-LFb) produzido em ovelhas ovariectomizadas. O segundo grupo (controle) recebeu 100 ml de soro de ovelhas não-imunizadas. Seis horas após a aplicação, os dois grupos foram superovulados com FSH (18 NIH-FSH-S1 unidades) e LH (0,29 NIH-LH-S1 unidades) administrados em quantidades decrescentes durante quatro dias. Na manhã do terceiro dia, foi administrada uma dose luteolítica de cloprostenol. Duas inseminações foram realizadas 48 e 60 horas após. Os embriões foram recuperados pelo método cervical 7 dias após a primeira inseminação. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas durante todo o período experimental para determinar, por radioimunoensaio, as concentrações plasmáticas de FSH, LH e progesterona. Todas as vacas do grupo imunizado e 3 do grupo controle apresentaram mais de 2 CL. Não existiu diferença significativa (P>0,05) na taxa de ovulação entre os grupos imunizado e controle (14,4 e 9,9, respectivamente). O número de embriões recuperado não foi significativamente diferente (P>0,05) entre os grupos, embora o grupo imunizado tenha apresentado maior número de embriões transferíveis (3,4 ± 1,0 versus 0,8 ± 0,4, P0.05) in the ovulation rate between immunized and control groups (14.4 and 9.9, respectively). The number of recovered embryos was not significantly different (P>0.05) between groups, although cows immunized against bFF had a greater number of transferable embryos (3.4 ± 1.0 versus 0.8 ± 0.4, P

Objetivo: verificar a prevalência de flebite e sua associação com aspectos sociodemográficos e relacionados ao cateter venoso periférico, em adultos internados em um hospital universitário. Método: estudo transversal, com uma amostra de 231 pacientes com acesso venoso periférico. Resultados: a prevalência de flebites foi de 24,7%, com maior concentração no grau 2 com 35,1%. Considerando o grau, encontrou-se estatística significativa (p=0,006) da flebite Grau 1 (92,3%) e 2 (65,0%) com tempo de permanência do cateter até 72 horas e da flebite Grau 3 (63,6%) e Grau 4 (69,2%) com tempo de permanência superior a 72 horas. Considerações finais: a alta prevalência de flebites nos pacientes estudados é preocupante. Discutir estes referenciais com a equipe de enfermagem, instituir indicadores de prevalência de flebites pode ser uma estratégia importante de acompanhamento da assistência de enfermagem/saúde.

1. MD, PhD, Anesthesiologist; Professor at the Medical School of Universidade de Fortaleza (UNIFOR); Responsible for the Centro de Ensino e Treinamento (CET/MEC/SBA) at Hospital Universitario Walter Cantidio, Universidade Federal do Ceara (UFC); President of the Perioperatative Medicine Committee of SBA 2. MD, PhD, Anesthesiologist; Professor at the Anesthesiology Department of Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (FMUFU); Responsible for the CET/SBA at FMUFU 3. MD, Anesthesiologist at Instituto Nacional do Câncer (INCA); Co-responsible for the CET/SBA at Hospital Universitario Pedro Ernesto (HUPE), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ); Instructor at the Curso Suporte Avancado de Vida em Anestesia – SAVA/SBA 4. MD, Anesthesiologist; Coordinator of the Anesthesiology Service at Instituto do Câncer de Sao Paulo (ICESP); Member of the SBA Malignant Hyperthermia Committee 5. MD, Anesthesiologist at Hospital Universitario Oswaldo Cruz, Universidade Estadual de Pernambuco (UPE); Co-responsible for the CET/SBA of Hospital da Restauracao, Hospital Getulio Vargas and Hospital Oswaldo Cruz, UPE; President of the Brazilian Society of Anesthesiology, 2011