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In patients whose embryo transfer has been previously canceled due to a thin endometrium, the injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) guided by hysteroscopy into the endomyometrial junction improves endometrial thickness and vascularity. This may well serve as a novel approach for the management of these patients. In this study, 32 patients aged between 27 and 39 years, suffering from primary or secondary infertility, were selected for hysteroscopic instillation of PRP. This cross-sectional study included a retrospective assessment of the improvement of endometrial thickness (&gt, 7 mm) on the commencement of progesterone treatment in 24 of 32 patients (75%) after hysteroscopy-guided injections of PRP into the subendometrial zone. After PRP instillation, the endometrium was 7 mm or thicker in 24 of 32 patients, and all 24 patients underwent frozen embryo transfer. Moreover, 12 of 24 patients who underwent embryo transfer conceived, whereas 10 had a clinical pregnancy with visualization of cardiac activity at 6 weeks and two had a biochemical pregnancy. Our approach of PRP injection into the subendometrial region is consistent with the histologically proven regeneration of the endometrium from the endomyometrial junction. We observed an improvement of endometrial thickness and higher pregnancy rates in cases of previously canceled embryo transfer due to a thin endometrium.

Intramural pregnancy, an ectopic gestation completely surrounded by the myometrium located within the uterine wall with separation from the uterine cavity, is an extremely unusual form of pregnancy. Complications resulting from intramural pregnancy include inevitable uterine rupture with resultant hemorrhage and possible hysterectomy if the diagnosis is not made early and treatment is not initiated. A patient presented with missed abortion, suction curettage was done but no placental villi were seen in the products. She had a previous history of laparoscopic myomectomy 6 months ago. A provisional diagnosis of myometrial scar pregnancy was made and was confirmed with Doppler and magnetic resonance imaging. Laparoscopic enucleation of ectopic sac was done against medical management with methotrexate. The patient conceived successfully through intracytoplasmic sperm injection for male factor and delivered twins by lower (uterine) segment cesarean section at term. How to cite this article Agarwal M, Kashyap M, Meshram S. A Case of Laparoscopically Managed Myometrial Scar Ectopic Pregnancy. Int J Gynecol Endsc 2017;1(1):28-31.

Background: Buffalo is the major source of animal protein in south-east Asia, including India; therefore, the presence of multiple drug resistance in Salmonella strains of buffalo meat and milk products is of immense public health concern. Methodology: Forty-six strains of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica belonging to eight serovars ( S. Anatum, 13; S. Weltevreden, 13; S. Rostock, 6; S. Typhimurium, 5; S. Gallinarum, 5; S. Stockholm, 1; S. Dublin, 1; and S. Orion, 2), isolated from buffalo meat and diseased buffaloes were studied for their antibiotic sensitivity and plasmid profile. Results: All except six strains of Salmonella had one or more plasmids. Virulence plasmid of ~35MdA was present in 39 isolates while 19 strains had one to six additional plasmids with molecular weight ranging from 1 Mda > 35 Mda. A plasmid-free S. Anatum strain was resistant to seven drugs including fluoroquinolones, while strains having six to seven plasmids were resistant to fewer antimicrobial drugs. One S . Anatum isolate, resistant to 11 antibiotics, had only one plasmid. Eight serovars of Salmonella could be divided into 28 resistotypes on the basis of antimicrobial sensitivity assay. Most strains were resistant to streptomycin (84.8%) followed by kanamycin (58.7%), gentamicin (52.2%), ampicillin (50%) and oxytetracycline (50%). Few strains were resistant to cefotaxime (2.2%), amoxycillin (2.2%) and newer fluoroquinolones (6.5%). Conclusion: Multiple drug resistance was common among Salmonella isolates of buffalo origin, particularly against aminoglycosides, oxytetracycin, ampicillin and cephalexin. Presence of plasmids is not mandatory for occurrence of multiple drug resistance in S. enterica strains.

We screened serum samples of 1024 goats slaughtered for chevon in Bareilly in Northern India for Salmonella antibodies with indirect ELISA, MAT-H (microagglutination test using flagellar antigens e, n, x and 1, 5) and MAT-O (microagglutination test using somatic antigens 4, 12 and 3, 10, 15). Salmonella antibodies were detected in 48, 8 and 40%, goats using Salmonella-cytotoxi-I ELISA, MAT 'H' and MAT 'O', respectively. After adjusting for test accuracy, the seroprevalence were highest for Salmonella-cytotoxi-I ELISA (46%) followed by agglutinins against 'O' 3, 10, 15 (15%) and negligible for other agglutinins. With all 5 tests, prevalence of Salmonella antibodies was significantly higher in females than in males. No significant difference was evident in prevalence of Salmonella antibodies to different antigens in different age groups of male goats except for e, n, x agglutinins that were significantly more prevalent in young adult (6-18 months) males than in adult (18 months of age) or young (or =6 months of age) goats. On the other hand, in females, prevalence of Salmonella-cytotoxin-I antibodies and e, n, x agglutinins differed significantly among three age groups, being the most prevalent in adult goats. As expected, the results of different tests had little or no correlation because the different tests targeted antibodies to different antigens.

Out of 204 slaughtered goats examined, 35(17.6%) yielded Salmonella. Salmonella could be isolated either from mesenteric lymph nodes (11) or from gall bladder (15) or from both of the organ (9) of the goats examined. A total of 60 Salmonella isolates included 34 from gall bladder (of 24 goats) and 26 from mesenteric lymph node (of 20 goats) samples. On serotyping, 29 isolates were found to be rough strains while 31 could be serotyped in to 17 serovars, viz. one each to S. Paratyphi B var Java, S. Altona, S. Weltevreden, S. Rovaniemi, S. Sarajane, S. Louga, S. I. 52: r: 1, 5; S. I. 1, 3, 19: r: z6; S. I. 3, 19: r: 1, 5; S. I. 28: b: e, n, x and S. I. 6, 7: r: Z6, two each to S. Chicago, S. Czernyring, S. Kirkee, and S. I. 3, 10: z6: -; five to S. Paratyphi B and seven to S. I. 28: b: 1, 2. Of these serovars, S. Czernyring, S. Louga, S. Rovaniemi, S. Kirkee, S. Sarajane, S. Altona have not been reported earlier from India. On the basis of drug resistance, the isolates could be classified into 40 resistotypes. All the isolates were sensitive to imipenem and chloramphenicol, while 70% were resistant to nitrofurantoin. Multiple drug resistance (resistant to >3 drugs) was evident in 51.67% isolates (31) while 13.3% (8) isolates were sensitive to all the drugs evaluated under the study.