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Background: Bleeding from esophageal and gastric varices is a fatal event in patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Objective: Evaluation the correlation between Helicobacter Pylori infection and risk of esophagogastric variceal bleeding in liver cirrhosis. Patients and Methods: This study was carried out on one hundred (100) patients, suffering from post hepatitic cirrhosis and portal hypertension: fifty (50) of them presented with esophageogastric varices without bleeding selected from patients coming for screening of esophagogastric varices for anti-hepatitis c virus treatment, and the other fifty (50) presented with acute variceal bleeding. All patients attending to Internal Medicine outpatient’s clinic and Internal Medicine Department of Al-Azhar University Hospital at new Damietta during the period from September 2018, to April 2020. All patients were subjected to complete history, clinical assessment, abdominal ultrasonography, upper GIT endoscope and laboratory investigations. Results: There was a significant relation between H.Pylori infection and the presence of esophagogastric variceal hemorrhage and H. Pylori infection was positive in 92% of the patients in group II, and 24% patients was grade II oseophageal varices, 70% grade III oseophagogastric varices, and 6% grade IV oseophagogastric varices, There was a statistically significant correlation of increased esophageal varices (grade three) in positive H pylori in group II, while in group I detection of H.pylori showed 24% patients were positive, and 76% patients were negative. Endoscopic examination showed 40 patients without esophagogastric varices (80%), 8% patients grade I, 4% patients grade II, 6% patients grade III, 2% patients grade IV, and there was a statistically significant increase on esophageal varices (grade zero) in negative H pylori in group I. Conclusion: Helicobacter Pylori infection helped in the development of portal hypertensive gastropathy as well as its severity, and increased risk of esophagogastric variceal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis. So, eradication and treatment of Helicobacter Pylori in all patients with liver cirrhosis helped to decrease risk of esophagogastric variceal bleeding in these patients.

Background: Self-medication with antibiotics (AB) is an ongoing main global health problem. It is defined as the use of nonprescribed medications by people on their own initiative or on the advice of another individual, without physician consultation. Lack of knowledge among parents regarding the prudent use of AB in managing common childhood illnesses can result in its misuse. On the other hand, physicians commonly prescribe AB as their first response for several symptoms, usually relating such over-prescription to patients’/parents’ pressure. Although AB are targeted to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria and have no effect on viral agents, it is often inappropriately used to treat viral infections, such as most upper respiratory tract infections (URTI). Problems associated with the overuse of AB include development of antibacterial resistance, increasing the burden of chronic diseases, rising costs of health services. Objectives: To evaluate mothers’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) related to antibiotic use for children with URTI in a sample of mothers in Babylon Governorate and assess the associated factors with antibiotic misuse among mothers who attended primary healthcare centers and hospitals. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Babylon Governorate during the period from April 10 to June 20, 2021. Two primary healthcare centers (one in the periphery of Babylon Governorate and the other in center of Babylon Governorate) and two hospitals (one in the periphery of Babylon Governorate and the other in center of Babylon Governorate) were selected conveniently and 270 mothers who attended these centers interviewed 3–4 days per week during the period of the study. Data were gathered through structured questionnaire that was used to identify different variables in the study during the interview. Statistical analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Results: The mean age of mothers was (30 ± 7) years old. Small percentage had adequate knowledge about antibiotic use (26.3%), and only 8.52% had positive attitudes. Also, only 10.37% had good practice. Self-medication of AB was in a large proportion of mothers (67%) and most of them depend on pharmacists as a source of information (61.24%). There was a significant association between inadequate knowledge and mothers who were housewives, school-educated, and had self-medication practice. There was a significant association between negative attitude and poor practice with mothers who had self-medication. This study revealed that mothers who lived in rural areas, school-educated, housewives, and had enough monthly income tend to self-medicate their children with AB. Conclusions: Inadequate knowledge related to mothers with school education and housewives. Self-medication with AB is related to poor KAP. Self-medication occurs mostly among mothers who are housewives, residents in rural area, had school education, and have enough income.

We report a successful surgical closure of a rught pulmonary artery to left atrium fistula (RPALAF) with secondary atrial septal defect (ASD) in a 3.5 years old girl. These fistulae are rare cause of cyanosis and require early diagnosis and treatment to prevent the serious complications of them.

This study conducted to view the role of PCT level in initial finding of bacterial vaginitis in pregnantwomen. A total of 150 deep vaginal swabs (100 pregnant women and 50 pregnant women as controlgroup) were collected from the beginning of February 2019 to the end of May 2019 from inpatients andoutpatients women attended to Al-Fallujah teaching hospital. Media were organized & purified according toproducer’s guidance. The ready media were utilized for segregation , definition of the viable enumeration, identifying & sensibility workout these media were achieved in the wake of being solidified. Swabs wasinoculated bacteriological agars for isolation of causative bacterial types . Blood samples collected by veinpuncture for determination of PCT by using ELISA technique. The study showed that that 57% of pregnantwomen have vaginal swab for culture as compared with 48 of the control group (non- pregnant women). Theresults demonstrated that, 54.39% of pathogenic bacteria isolated from vagina of pregnant women was G-vebacteria and 45.61% was G+ve bacteria. S. aureus represented the highest rate of pathogenic isolates 45.61%in cases (43.86%) while 29.17 of the control group were infected equally by E coli and K. pneumonia.Thehighest rate of antibiotic sensitivity toward S. aureus isolates was occurred in levofloxacin (88.46%) whileit was completely resistant to ampicillin and lincomycin, 94.11% of E. coli isolates was sensitive to each oflevofloxacin and cefotaxime and 100% resistant to lincomycin, 92.85% of Klebsiella isolates was sensitive toamoxicalve while it was 100% resistant to ampicillin, erythromycin and lincomycin. Procalcitonin level washighly elevated among pregnant ones followed by healthy ones (26.79±9.4 v.s 9.236±0.6 pg/ml) at P value

The study aims to find the relationship between COVID-19 virus infections and early births in womeninfected with this virus in of Al-Fallujah city. The prospective study was conducted in Al-Fallujah cityduring the period between February 1, 2020, and September 1, 2020, at Al-Fallujah Teaching Hospital.Through the study, 100 pregnant women were received, complaining of Covid-19 infections, which werediagnosed in Al-Fallujah, and now Real Time PCR was confirmed through nasopharyngeal swabs that weretaken from Al-Fallujah Teaching Hospital. The study also included measuring the level of blood pressure,sugar andC-RP in those women during the fifth to eight week, where we were infected, and then in the 12thweek of pregnancy took place, where communication was made, and a level was measured, and as a result,these women whocompleted the period with a pre-term labor, miscarriagebefore the 24th week of pregnancyor those completed the period with successful pregnancy. In this study, 33% of COVID-19 pregnant womenwere within the age group 24-30 years followed by 30% in the age group 31-38 year. In this study, 10 % ofCOVID-19 pregnant women suffer from hypertension, 13% were with Diabetes, 35% with UTI while 70%were suffered from fever.When reaching 24th week of pregnancy, and as shown in Table 3. The study showedthat 40% COVID-19 pregnant women experienced completed the period with a pre-term labor, 10% waswith miscarriagebefore the 24thweek of pregnancy, while 50% of them completed the period continued thepregnancy. In this study, 82.5 % of COVID-19 pregnant women with preterm labor were suffered previouslyfrom fever comparing with 55% of COVID-19 pregnant women without preterm labor. The study showed thehighest mean of C-reactive protein was present COVID-19 pregnant women with preterm labor (22.5±2.14mg/ml), fan lowest mean was in women who without preterm labor (14.6±2.11 mg/ml) (P

An increased rate of cellular proliferation is a hallmark of cancer and may be accompanied by an increase in ribosome biogenesis and dysregulation in rRNA synthesis. In this regard, CX-5461 has been developed as a novel RNA polymerase I inhibitor and is currently in Phase I/II clinical trials for solid and hematological malignancies. In the present study, interactions between CX-5461 and single-dose X-ray exposure were assessed using isobologram analysis using MTS assay and drug-induced cell death was assessed using flow cytometric, confocal microscopy and Western blot analysis. Combination treatments involving CX-5461 and single-dose X-ray exposure highlighted increased effectiveness compared to individual treatment alone in the CaSki cervical cancer line, with marked synergistic interaction occurring within the low-drug (50 nM) and low-dose radiation range (2&ndash, 6 Gy). Cell lines challenged with CX-5461 demonstrated the presence of DNA damage, induction of apoptosis, autophagy and senescence alongside high percentages of G2/M cell cycle arrest. In addition, we report preferential sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells with BRCA2 mutation to this novel agent. Taken together, CX-5461 displayed a broad spectrum of activity in a panel of solid cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 35 nM to &gt, 1 &micro, M. The work described herein identifies the synergistic effects of CX-5461 in combination with X-rays in solid cancers and may also aid in the design of clinical trials involving this novel agent.

Aims: To detect the ocular manifestation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection/Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in Khartoum state-Sudan. Methods: This study was carried out in voluntary counseling and testing centers in Omdurman and the Military hospitals. 50 patients with HIV/AIDS were asked to fill a questionnaire and underwent a full ophthalmic examination. Results: Mainly the disease and so the ocular manifestations affect youth; the mean age is 34years. Male 52%, female 48%, 52 are married, 26% unmarried, the rest are divorced or widowed. Only 48% presented with ocular symptoms. The most common manifestation found to be HIV retinopathy and HIV conjunctiva Microvasulopathy 32% 30% respectively. Kaposi sarcoma 6%, KCS10%, molluscum Contagiosum 6%, HZO 10%, Keratitis 8%, iritis 4%,CMV retinitis 6%, toxoplasmosis and orbital cellulitis 2% for each. CD4 count was 500 cells/μl or more in 14%, 200-499 cells/μl in most cases 54% and

Background: Hemiparetic and hemiplegic cerebral palsy(CP) constitute at least a third of all people with CP. Children with hemiparesis are suffering from weak hand muscles and retarded hand use.Mirror therapy is a relatively new ap proach in rehabilitation used in different neurological disorders. In mirror therapy a mirror is positioned orthogonally in front of the center of the patient’s body. The less-affected (healthy) extremity is moved and observed in the mirror. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mirror visual feedback on improving hand functions in chil dren with hemiparesis. Methods: Forty children with hemiparesis of both sexes, ranged in age from five to seven years old, participated in thisstudy. They were divided randomly into two groups of equal number (control and study). The control group re ceived a specially designed physical therapy exercise program for four successive weeks while the study group received mirrorexercise program in addition to the same program of the control group. Hand functions assessments was done usinggrasping and object manipulation subtests of Peabody developmental motor scale (PDMS-2). Hand grip strength was performed using handheld dynamometer. Evaluation was performed pre and post treatment program. Results:There was no significant difference between both groups in the pre-treatment mean values of all measured variables. Also, the results of this study revealed a significant improvement in the scores of the PDMS-2 andin grasp strength of the 2 groups. Post treatment results revealed more improvement in favor of the study group as compared with the control group. Conclusion: Using the mirror visual feedback could help in improving hand functions in children with hemiparesis.

An increased rate of cellular proliferation is a hallmark of cancer and may be accompanied by increase in ribosome biogenesis and dysregulation in rRNA synthesis. In this regard CX-5461 has been developed as a novel RNA POL1 inhibitor and is currently in Phase I/II clinical trials. We have set out to explore the use of this agent in combination with radiation therapy and to understand the associated molecular mechanisms using this approach. A panel of human tumour cell lines treated with CX-5461 indicated a broad spectrum of sensitivity (MTT assay) with IC50 values varying from 25nM - >2µM. No clear relationship between p53 status and sensitivity to CX-5461 was indicated and the mode of cell death was cell context dependent - either via autophagy (LC3I→ LC3II conversion, with P62 sequestosome decrease), sometimes via apoptosis (annexinV staining, caspase-3 activation), also in the presence of increased senescence (β-galactosidase activity). Combination treatment experiments involving CX-5461 alongside radiation therapy (0-16Gy) showed marked synergistic effects for some cancer cell lines, particularly the cervical cancer CASKI line (HPV16+ve). Highly significant effects were seen when low dose radiation and low dose CX-5461 were used together in CASKI cells: combination index CI=< 0.2 with 6nM CX-5461 and 2Gy (isobologram analysis). Cell cycle analysis of CASKI cells treated in combination indicated cell cycle disruption with prolonged S-phase, giving some insight into some of the associated mechanisms involved. In addition, we have found that BRCA-mutant PEO1 ovarian cancer cells were sensitive to CX-5461, IC50 approx. 100nM, whereas carboplatin-resistant PEO1CarbR (with reversed BRCA mutant status) cells gave an IC50 value >3µM In addition, proteomic studies have shown that PEO1CarbR cells overexpress a number of nucleolar proteins and we are investigating the relevance of this in relation to CX-5461 sensitivity. Our further studies aim to identify potential biomarkers of response to CX-5461 and may also inform the design of clinical trials of this novel agent. Citation Format: Mohammed Ismael, Roger Webb, Mazhur Ajaz, Helen Coley. CX5461 in combination with radiotherapy I effective against gynecological tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1862.

As a non-chemical method for inactivation of microorganisms in water, plasma treatment is a promising because of active plasma species production ability of plasma discharge. There are different type of plasma sources for water treatment and one of them is ‘needle to plate’ configuration which was set up in our work. Water contaminated by Escherichia coliwill be treated by plasma for different durations and then the numbers of viable E. coliand pH will be estimated. The discharge voltage and current characteristics will be given.

Background: We evaluated the process of changing from conventional coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) to totally arterial off-pump coronary artery bypass (TOPCAB) at a single heart center in Germany.Methods: We (1) used multivariate statistical methods to assess real-time monitoring of OPCAB effects, (2) conducted a case review to assess preventable deaths and identify areas of improvement, (3) conducted a team survey, and (4) evaluated benchmarking results.Results: All surgeons and assistants (n = 18) at this center were involved and were guided by the department head and one of the consultants, who was trained in this procedure in 2004 at the Leuven OPCAB school. The frequency of OPCAB operations increased abruptly in 2005 from 5% to 43% and then increased gradually to 67% (n = 546) by 2008 (total, 1781 OPCAB cases and 1563 on-pump cases). The in-hospital and 30-day mortality rates for OPCAB surgeries (n = 10 [0.6%] and 21 [1.2%], respectively) were lower than for on-pump surgeries (n = 27 [1.7%] and 26 [1.7%], respectively). Stroke rates were also lower for OPCAB surgeries (7 cases [0.4%] versus 15 cases [1%]). The lower risk of stroke in the OPCAB group was significant (P < .05) after risk adjustment. Monitoring curves and case reviews demonstrated a preventable death percentage of at least 30%. The attitude of the team was mostly positive because of the promising results (eg, fewer strokes, increasing TOPCAB popularity, and a top national rank).Conclusions: The change from conventional CABG to TOPCAB was effective in decreasing the incidence and severity of stroke, in developing a team routine and a positive team attitude, and in producing excellent benchmarking results. The presence of a training and communication deficiency at the beginning of the study suggested an area for further improvement. After 6 years TOPCAB had largely replaced conventional CABG.