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Aims and Objectives: The aim was to evaluate the root resorption in pulpectomized deciduous teeth and its correlation with obturation quality using zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE), Metapex and Endoflas at the interval of 6 and 12 months. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 infected primary mandibular molars were randomly and equally divided into three subgroups (n = 50 each): Group 1 (ZoE), Group 2 (Metapex), and Group 3 (Endoflas) based on the obturation material preferred. The teeth were clinically and radiographically evaluated at 6 and 12 months' postoperatively by another investigator who was blinded to the type of filling material that was used in each tooth. Kruskal–Wallis test, Mann–Whitney Test, and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test was used for statistical analysis. Results: When the obturation quality was assessed, the optimal filling was found in 78% of the cases while the rest have underfilling (9%) and overfilling (13%). The incidence of overfilling was higher in the cases with some root resorption. After 12 months, Group 2 showed maximum variation with the highest incidence (70%) of extensive resorption both interradicular and intraradicular (Grade 3 score) followed by Group 1 (26%) and Group 3 (16%), respectively. Conclusion: Among all the materials, Endoflas showed the highest success rate with least incidence of resorption both outside and within the root canal (hollow tube effect) whereas least success rate was observed with Metapex having the hollow tube effect in majority of the cases (70%) after the follow-up of 12 months.

Biomechanical preparation is one of the most important steps in endodontic therapy. Rotary instrumentation has facilitated this step. Nowadays the market is flooded with different types of rotary instruments. The present study compared the root dentinal crack formation with continuous rotating versus reciprocating root canal preparation methods. One hundred and fifty freshly extracted teeth were used for the study. They were divided into 5 groups with 30 teeth in each group. Thirty teeth were kept under control group A and no root canal preparation was done for this group. Another 30 teeth were prepared with hand files which were kept under control group B. In the experimental groups (sample size, n=30 each) root canals were prepared with ProTaper, K3XF rotary system and WaveOne. Sectioning of these teeth was done at 3, 6 and 9mm from the apex and were evaluated for the presence of any defects. Root dentinal cracks were produced with each type of rotary instruments. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in root dentinal crack formation between control groups and WaveOne system. There was statistically significant difference in root dentinal crack formation when the canals were prepared with ProTaper and K3XF rotary system. So it was concluded, that continuous rotating instruments could produce dentinal crack formation. Root canal instruments with reciprocating movement appear to be a better option than continuous rotation movement.

Epidermal nevi are hamartomas that are characterized by hyperplasia of the epidermis and adnexal structures, and may be associated with serious disfiguration. Germline mutations in the FGFR3 gene have found to be the etiology of epidermal nevus. Patients often seek treatment from dermatologic surgeons but even an alert dentist can help to diagnose the lesion from its clinical appearance. Various treatment modalities are available and it is the clinician's choice to choose depending upon the patient's condition. How to cite this article: Arora B, Khinda VIS, Bajaj N, Brar GS. Congenital Epidermal Nevus. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2014;7(1): 43-46.

Aim: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the push-out bond strength of Adseal and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Fillapex sealer after using various irrigants and Erbium-Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet (Er:YAG) laser irradiation on radicular dentin surface. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 freshly extracted human permanent maxillary anterior teeth were sectioned transversally below the cemento-enamel junction. The remaining root portion was sectioned to get 4-mm thick dentin disc from coronal end of the root, with straight handpiece, and diamond disc. Root canal of specimens was prepared with bur to create space for sealer placement. Specimens were divided into eight groups of 10 samples each, as per irrigants and sealer used. In Group 1, 3, 5, and 7 specimens irrigated with distilled water, NaOCl, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and Er:YAG laser, respectively, and obturated with Adseal sealer. In Group 2, 4, 6, and 8 irrigated with distilled water, NaOCl, EDTA, and Er:YAG laser, respectively, and obturated with MTA Fillapex sealer. After sealer setting, the force used to remove the sealer was evaluated using universal testing machine. Recorded force used to calculate the push-out bond strength in Megapascals and scanning electron microscopy examination was done for specimens. Results: Adseal sealer had significantly higher bond strength than MTA Fillapex sealer, irrespective of irrigant used. The highest bond strength was seen in specimens irrigated with EDTA and obturated with Adseal sealer and least in specimens irrigated with distilled water and obturated with MTA Fillapex sealer. Conclusion: Adseal sealer had significantly higher bond strength than the MTA Fillapex sealer. EDTA irrigation showed better smear layer removal, followed by Er:YAG laser irradiation, then NaOCl, least by distilled water.

Background: This study was carried out to evaluate the sterility and structural integrity of stored primary teeth in artificial saliva over a storage period of 12 weeks (3 months) in human tooth bank (HTB). Materials and Methods: A total of 80 freshly extracted teeth were taken and were categorized into four groups of 20 each. The samples were stored at 4°C for 12 weeks (3 months) in the refrigerator. During their storage time of 3 months, they were repetitively evaluated for their sterility, enamel hardness, calcium and phosphate solubility and color stability at regular intervals of 3 weeks. Observations and Results: That teeth stored in artificial saliva maintained their sterility throughout the storage time of 12 weeks, but changes in their physical and chemical properties occurred with an increase in storage time. Conclusion: Storage time not more than 9 weeks is recommended for deciduous teeth to be stored in artificial saliva in a HTB.