1,126 results on '"S Levy"'
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2. Feasibility of reporting results of large randomised controlled trials to participants: experience from the Fluoxetine Or Control Under Supervision (FOCUS) trial
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Martin Dennis, D Cohen, A Thompson, Graham Ellis, A Khan, L Hunt, X Huang, J Andrews, J Foot, S Wong, A Stevens, D Bailey, S Johnston, R Robinson, A Johnson, S Williams, T Smith, A Ahmed, S Bloom, L Sekaran, D Singh, F Smith, R Greenwood, R Brown, J White, S Arif, S Ross, S Trippier, S Levy, B Patel, M Khan, A Thomas, S Brown, V Jones, D Wood, U Khan, P Nair, A Smith, G Hann, R Williams, M Cooper, S Jackson, M Hassan, P Kumar, A Metcalf, R Patel, A Wright, S Khan, A Bell, M Robinson, K Jones, S Alam, R Shah, J Simpson, K Ali, K Miller, K Kennedy, S Ahmed, L Thomas, M Scott, S Nelson, S Clayton, L Zhang, B Charles, P Lopez, A Fleming, C Lambert, A Shah, J Wong, David Burgess, L Wilson, A Siddiqui, S Kumar, A Hassan, D Cooke, M Williams, P Cooper, S Graham, S Morrison, M Holland, C Green, C Edwards, K Subramanian, K Patel, J Mitchell, J Stewart, S Keenan, C Duggan, S McKenna, M Ward, S Walker, L Wright, M Edwards, N Sattar, J Mcgee, R Butler, M Wilkinson, C Kelly, R Cowan, C Brown, K Moore, L Denny, S Patel, R Rodriguez, J Allen, M Kalita, Gillian Mead, A Bowring, A Edwards, J Scott, J Drew, L Dixon, K Burton, E Brown, E Epstein, R Miller, F Reid, A Jones, P Murphy, A Ali, N Ahmad, S Noor, C Leonard, A Nair, M Naeem, E Douglas, J Thompson, R Evans, C Jenkins, J Wilson, R Anderson, H Wilson, H Stone, J Ward, L Greenhalgh, P Walker, A Hill, K Stagg, S Naqvi, R Scott, M Hughes, P Jones, M Simpson, K Elliott, M Davy, S Young, Karen Innes, Pippa Tyrrell, A David, Steff Lewis, A Bwalya, C Buckley, S Kelly, C Thomas, I Kane, M Hussain, S Shah, J Roberts, D Morales, C McInnes, N Khan, N Weir, L Hill, K Kavanagh, R Clarke, P Thompson, J Price, J Ball, L Benton, E Walton, E Walker, L Burgess, K McCormick, L Wade, C Anderson, S Stevenson, R Blackburn, L Brown, B Clarke, T Khan, S Dhar, L Harrison, S Bell, D Buchanan, A Deary, J Drever, R Fraser, K Innes, C McGill, D Perry, A Barugh, G Blair, Y Chun, E Maschauer, J Forbes, M Hackett, G Hankey, A House, E Lundström, Peter Sandercock, Judith Williamson, Graeme Hankey, Maree Hackett, Veronica Murray, Ray French, David Stott, M MacLeod, F Sullivan, P Langhorne, H Rodgers, N Hunter, R Parakramawansha, A Fazal, P Taylor, W Rutherford, R Buchan, A MacRaild, R Paulton, S Burgess, D McGowan, J Skwarski, F Proudfoot, J Perry, J Bamford, C Bedford, D Waugh, E Veraque, M Kambafwile, L Makawa, P Smalley, M Randall, L Idrovo, T Thirugnana-Chandran, R Vowden, J Jackson, A Bhalla, C Tam, A Rudd, C Gibbs, J Birns, L Lee Carbon, E Cattermole, A Cape, L hurley, K Marks, S Kullane, N Smyth, E Giallombardo, C Eglinton, D Dellafera, P Reidy, M Pitt, L Sykes, A Frith, V Croome, J Duffy, M Hancevic, L Kerwood, C Narh, C Merritt, J Willson, T Jackson, H Bowler, C Kamara, J Howe, K Stocks, G Dunn, K Endean, F Claydon, S Duty, K Harkness, E Richards, M Meegada, A Maatouk, L Barron, K Dakin, R Lindert, A Majid, P Rana, C Brighouse-Johnson, J Greig, M Kyu, S Prasad, B Mclean, I Alam, Z Ahmed, C Roffe, S Brammer, A Barry, C Beardmore, K Finney, P Hollinshead, J Grocott, I Natarajan, J Chembala, R Sanyal, S Lijko, N Abano, A Remegoso, P Ferdinand, S Stevens, C Stephen, P Whitmore, A Butler, C Causley, R Varquez, G Muddegowda, R Carpio, J Hiden, H Denic, J Sword, F Hall, J Cageao, R Curwen, M James, P Mudd, C Roughan, H Kingwell, A Hemsley, C Lohan, S Davenport, T Chapter, M Hough, D Strain, K Gupwell, A Goff, E Cusack, S Todd, R Partridge, G Jennings, K Thorpe, J Stephenson, K Littlewood, M Barber, F Brodie, S Marshall, D Esson, I Coburn, F Ross, V Withers, E Bowie, H Barcroft, L Miller, P Willcoxson, M Keeling, M Donninson, D Daniel, J Coyle, M Elliott, P Wanklyn, J Wightman, E Iveson, A Porteous, N Dyer, M Haritakis, J Bell, C Emms, P Wood, P Cottrell, L Doughty, L Carr, C Anazodo, M O Neill, J Westmoreland, R Mir, C Donne, E Bamford, P Clark Brown, A Stanners, I Ghouri, A Needle, M Eastwood, M Carpenter, P Datta, R Davey, F Razik, G Bateman, J Archer, V Balasubramanian, L Jackson, R Bowers, J Ellam, K Norton, P Guyler, S Tysoe, P Harman, A Kundu, T Dowling, S Chandler, O Omodunbi, T Loganathan, S Kunhunny, D Sinha, M Sheppard, S Kelavkar, K Ng, A Ropun, L Kamuriwo, R Orath Prabakaran, E France, S Rashmi, D Mangion, C Constantin, S Markova, A Hardwick, J Borley, L De Michele Hock, T Lawrence, K Netherton, R Spencer, H Palmer, M Soliman, S Leach, J Sharma, C Taylor, I Wahishi, A Fields, S Butler, J Hindle, E Watson, C Hewitt, C Cullen, D Hamill, Z Mellor, T Fluskey, V Hankin, A Keeling, R Durairaj, J Peters, D Shackcloth, R Tangney, T Hlaing, V Sutton, J Ewing, C Patterson, H Ramadan, R Bellfield, U Hamid, M Hooley, R Ghulam, L Masters, W Gaba, O Quinn, M Tate, N Mohammed, S Sethuraman, L Alwis, K Bharaj, R Pattni, F Justin, M Chauhan, L Eldridge, S Mintias, J Palmones, C Holmes, L Guthrie, N Devitt, J Leonard, M Osborn, L Ball, A Steele, E Dodd, A Holloway, P Baker, I Penwarden, S Caine, S Clarke, L Dow, R Wynn-Williams, J Kennedy, A DeVeciana, P Mathieson, I Reckless, R Teal, G Ford, P Mccann, G Cluckie, G Howell, J Ayer, B Moynihan, R Ghatala, G Cloud, N Al-Samarrai, F Watson, T Adedoyin, N Chopra, L Choy, N Clarke, A Dainty, A Blight, J Selvarajah, W Smith, F Moreton, A Welch, D Kalladka, B Cheripelli, A Lush, S El Tawil, N Day, K Montgomery, H Hamilton, D Ritchie, S Ramachandra, K McLeish, B Badiani, M Abdul-Saheb, A Chamberlain, M Mpelembue, R Bathula, M Lang, J Devine, L Southworth, N Epie, E Owoyele, F Guo, A Oshodi, V Sudkeo, K Thavanesan, D Tiwari, C Ovington, E Rogers, R Bower, B Longland, O David, A Hogan, S Loganathan, C Cox, S Orr, M Keltos, K Rashed, B Williams-Yesson, J Board, S De Bruijn, C Vickers, S Board, J Allison, E Keeling, T Duckett, D Donaldson, C Barron, L Balian, T England, A Hedstrom, E Bedford, M Harper, E Melikyan, W Abbott, M Goldsworthy, M Srinivasan, I Mukherjee, U Ghani, A Yeomans, F Hurford, R Chapman, S Shahzad, N Motherwell, L Tonks, R Young, D Dutta, P Brown, F Davis, J Turfrey, M Obaid, B Cartwright, B Topia, J Spurway, C Hughes, S OConnell, K Collins, R Bakawala, K Chatterjee, T Webster, S Haider, P Rushworth, F Macleod, C Perkins, A Nallasivan, E Burns, S Leason, T Carter, S Seagrave, E Sami, S Parkinson, L Armstrong, S Mawer, G Darnbrook, C Booth, B Hairsine, S Williamson, F Farquhar, B Esisi, T Cassidy, B McClelland, G Mankin, M Bokhari, D Sproates, S Hurdowar, N Sukhdeep, S Razak, N Upton, A Hashmi, K Osman, K Fotherby, A Willberry, D Morgan, G Sahota, K Jennings-Preece, D Butler, K Kauldhar, F Harrington, A Mate, J Skewes, K Adie, K Bond, G Courtauld, C Schofield, L Lucas, A James, S Ellis, B Maund, L Allsop, C Brodie, E Driver, K Harris, M Drake, E Thomas, M Burn, A Hamilton, S Mahalingam, A Benford, D Hilton, A Misra, L Hazell, K Ofori, M Mathew, S Dayal, I Burn, D Bruce, R Burnip, R Hayman, P Earnshaw, P Gamble, S Dima, M Dhakal, G Rogers, L Stephenson, R Nendick, Y Pai, K Nyo, V Cvoro, M Couser, A Tachtatzis, K Ullah, R Cain, N Chapman, S Pound, S McAuley, D Hargroves, B Ransom, K Mears, K Griffiths, L Cowie, T Hammond, T Webb, I Balogun, H Rudenko, A Thomson, D Ceccarelli, A Gillian, E Beranova, A Verrion, N Chattha, N Schumacher, A Bahk, D Sims, R Tongue, M Willmot, C Sutton, E Littleton, J Khaira, S Maiden, J Cunningham, Y Chin, M Bates, K Ahlquist, J Breeds, T Sargent, L Latter, A Pitt Ford, T Levett, N Gainsborough, A Dunne, E Barbon, S Hervey, S Ragab, T Sandell, C Dickson, S Power, J Dube, N Evans, B Wadams, S Elitova, B Aubrey, T Garcia, J Mcilmoyle, C Dickinson, C Jeffs, J Howard, C Armer, J Frudd, A Potter, S Donaldson, D Collas, S Sundayi, L Denham, D Oza, M Bhandari, S Ispoglou, K Sharobeem, A Hayes, J Howard-Brown, S Shanu, S Billingham, G Howard, E Wood, V Pressly, P Crawford, H Burton, A Walters, J Marigold, R Said, C Allen, S Evans, S Egerton, J Hakkak, R Lampard, S Tsang, R Creeden, I Gartrell, F Price, J Pryor, A Hedges, L Moseley, L Mercer, E Warburton, D Handley, S Finlay, N Hannon, A Espanol, H Markus, D Chandrasena, J Sesay, D Hayden, H Hayhoe, J Macdonald, M Bolton, C Farron, E Amis, D Day, A Culbert, L Whitehead, S Crisp, J OConnell, E Osborne, R Beard, P Corrigan, L Mokoena, M Myint, R Krishnamurthy, A Azim, S Whitworth, A Nicolson, M Krasinska-Chavez, J Imam, S Chaplin, J Curtis, L Wood, C McGhee, A Smart, F Donaldson, J Blackburn, C Copeland, P Fitzsimmons, G Fletcher, A Manoj, P Cox, L Trainor, H Allsop, U Sukys, S Valentine, D Jarrett, K Dodsworth, M Wands, C Watkinson, W Golding, J Tandy, K Yip, C James, Y Davies, A Suttling, K Nagaratnam, N Mannava, N Haque, N Shields, K Preston, G Mason, K Short, G Uitenbosch, G Lumsdale, H Emsley, S Sultan, B Walmsley, D Doyle, A McLoughlin, L Hough, B Gregary, S Raj, A Maney, S Blane, G Gamble, A Hague, B Duran, R Whiting, M Harvey, J Homan, L Foote, L Graham, C Lane, L Kemp, J Rowe, H Durman, L Brotherton, N Hunt, A Whitcher, C Pawley, P Sutton, S Mcdonald, D Pak, A Wiltshire, J Balami, C Self, J Jagger, G Healey, M Crofts, A Chakrabarti, C Hmu, J Keshet-Price, G Ravenhill, C Grimmer, T Soe, I Potter, P Tam, M Langley, M Christie, J Irvine, A Joyson, F Annison, D Christie, C Meneses, V Taylor, J Furnace, H Gow, Y Abousleiman, S Goshawk, J Purcell, T Beadling, S Collins, S Sangaralingham, E Munuswamy Vaiyapuri, M Landicho, Y Begum, S Mutton, J Lowe, I Wiggam, S Tauro, S Cuddy, B Wells, A Mohd Nor, N Persad, M Weinling, S Weatherby, D Lashley, A Pace, A Mucha, J Baker, M Marner, J Westcott, N Wilmshurst, D Chadha, M Fairweather, D Walstow, R Fong, M Krishnan, H Thompson Jones, C Lynda, C Clements, T Anjum, S Sharon, D Lynne, S Tucker, D Colwill, E Vasileiadis, A Parry, C Mason, M Holden, K Petrides, T Nishiyama, H Mehta, S Mumani, C Almadenboyle, S Carson, M Stirling, E Tenbruck, D Broughton, A Annamalai, D Tryambake, A Skotnicka, A Sigsworth, S Whitehouse, J Pagan, A Pusalkar, H Beadle, K Chan, P Dangri, A Asokanathan, A Rana, S Gohil, K Crabtree, A Cook, M Massyn, P Aruldoss, S Dabbagh, T Black, R Fennelly, L Nardone, V DiMartino, A Anthony, D Mead, M Tribbeck, B Affley, C Sunderland, E Young, L Goldenberg, P Wilkinson, L Abbott, R Nari, S Lock, A Shakhon, R Pereira, M DSouza, S Dunn, N Cron, A Mckenna, R Sivakumar, S Cook, J Ngeh, R Saksena, J Ketley-O'Donel, R Needle, E Chinery, L Howaniec, C Watchurst, R Erande, M Brezitski, N Passeron, E Elliott, N Oji, D Austin, A Banaras, C Hogan, T Corbett, M Kidd, G Hull, S Punekar, J Nevinson, H Penney, W Wareing, N Hayes, K Bunworth, L Connell, K Mahawish, G Drummond, N Sengupta, M Metiu, C Gonzalez, J Margalef, S Funnell, G Peters, I Chadbourn, H Proeschel, P Ashcroft, S Sharpe, P Cook, D Jenkinson, D Kelly, H Bray, G Gunathilagan, S Tilbey, S Abubakar, A Rajapakse, A Nasar, J Janbieh, L Otter, I Wynter, S Haigh, R Boulton, J Burgoyne, A Boulton, J Vassallo, A Hasan, L Orrell, S Qamar, D Leonard, E Hewitt, M Haque, J Awolesi, E Bradshaw, A Kent, A Hynes, E Nurse, S Raza, U Pallikona, B Edwards, G Morgan, H Tench, R Loosley, K Dennett, T Trugeon-Smith, D Robson, R Rayessa, A Abdul-Hamid, V Lowthorpe, K Mitchelson, E Clarkson, H Rhian, R Kirthivasan, J Topliffe, R Keskeys, F McNeela, E Bohannan, L Cooper, G Zachariah, F Cairns, T James, L Fergey, S Smolen, A Lyle, E Cannon, S Omer, S Mavinamane, S Meenakshisundaram, L Ranga, J Bate, M Hargreaves, S Dealing, S Amlani, G Gulli, M Hawkes-Blackburn, L Francis, S Holland, A Peacocke, J Amero, M Burova, O Speirs, S Brotheridge, S Al Hussayni, H Lyon, C Hare, J Featherstone, M Goorah, J Walford, D Rusk, D Sutton, F Patel, S Duberley, K Hayes, E Ahmed El Nour, S Dyer, E Temlett, J Paterson, S Honour, C Box, R Furness, E Orugun, H Crowther, R Glover, C Brewer, S Thornthwaite, M Sein, K Haque, L Bailey, E Gibson, L Brookes, K Rotchell, K Waltho, C Lindley, P Harlekar, C Culmsee, L Booth, J Ritchie, N Mackenzie, J Barker, M Haley, D Cotterill, L Lane, D Simmons, R Warinton, G Saunders, H Dymond, S Kidd, C Little, Y Neves-Silva, B Nevajda, M Villaruel, U Umasankar, A Man, N Gadi, N Christmas, R Ladner, R Rangasamy, G Butt, W Alvares, M Power, S Hagan, K Dynan, S Crothers, B Wroath, G Douris, D Vahidassr, B Gallen, C McGoldrick, M Bhattad, J Putteril, R Gallifent, E Makanju, M Lepore, C McRedmond, L Arundell, A Goulding, K Kawafi, P Jacob, L Turner, N Saravanan, L Johnson, D Morse, R Namushi, S Humphrey, M Salehin, S Tinsley, T Jones, L Garcia-Alen, L Kalathil, N Gautam, J Horton, J Meir, E Margerum, A Ritchings, K Amor, V Nadarajan, J Laurence, S Fung Lo, S Melander, P Nicholas, E Woodford, G McKenzie, V Le, J Crause, P OMahony, C Orefo, C McDonald, E Osikominu, G Appiatse, A Wardale, M Augustin, R Luder, M Bhargava, G Bhome, V Johnson, D Chesser, H Bridger, E Murali, A Burns, J Graham, M Duffy, E Pitcher, J Gaylard, J Newman, S Punnoose, S Oakley, V Murray, C Bent, R Walker, K Purohit, A Rees, S Besley, O Chohan, L Argandona, L Cuenoud, H Hassan, E Erumere, A OCallaghan, O Redjep, G Auld, P Gompertz, A Song, R Hungwe, H Kabash, T Tarkas, G Livingstone, F Butler, S Bradfield, L Gordon, J Schmit, A Wijewardane, C Medcalf, T Edmunds, R Wills, and C Peixoto
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Medicine - Abstract
Objectives Informing research participants of the results of studies in which they took part is viewed as an ethical imperative. However, there is little guidance in the literature about how to do this. The Fluoxetine Or Control Under Supervision trial randomised 3127 patients with a recent acute stroke to 6 months of fluoxetine or placebo and was published in the Lancet on 5 December 2018. The trial team decided to inform the participants of the results at exactly the same time as the Lancet publication, and also whether they had been allocated fluoxetine or placebo. In this report, we describe how we informed participants of the results.Design In the 6-month and 12-month follow-up questionnaires, we invited participants to provide an email address if they wished to be informed of the results of the trial. We re-opened our trial telephone helpline between 5 December 2018 and 31 March 2019.Setting UK stroke services.Participants 3127 participants were randomised. 2847 returned 6-month follow-up forms and 2703 returned 12-month follow-up forms; the remaining participants had died (380), withdrawn consent or did not respond.Results Of those returning follow-up questionnaires, a total of 1845 email addresses were provided and a further 50 people requested results to be sent by post. Results were sent to all email and postal addresses provided; 309 emails were returned unrecognised. Seventeen people replied, of whom three called the helpline and the rest responded by email.Conclusion It is feasible to disseminate results of large trials to research participants, though only around 60% of those randomised wanted to receive the results. The system we developed was efficient and required very little resource, and could be replicated by trialists in the future.Trial registration number ISRCTN83290762; Post-results.
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- 2020
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3. Tissue distribution and retention drives efficacy of rapidly clearing VHL-based PROTACs
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Donglu Zhang, Bin Ma, Peter S. Dragovich, Li Ma, Shu Chen, Eugene C. Chen, Xiaofen Ye, Joyce Liu, Jennifer Pizzano, Elizabeth Bortolon, Emily Chan, Xing Zhang, Yi-Chen Chen, Elizabeth S. Levy, Robert L. Yauch, S. Cyrus Khojasteh, and Cornelis E. C. A. Hop
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Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Background Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are being developed for therapeutic use. However, they have poor pharmacokinetic profiles and their tissue distribution kinetics are not known. Methods A typical von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor (VHL)—PROTAC 14C-A947 (BRM degrader)—was synthesized and its tissue distribution kinetics was studied by quantitative whole-body autoradiography (QWBA) and tissue excision in rats following IV dosing. Bile duct-cannulated (BDC) rats allowed the elucidation of in vivo clearance pathways. Distribution kinetics was evaluated in the tissues and tumors of mice to support PK-PD correlation. In vitro studies enabled the evaluation of cell uptake mechanisms and cell retention properties. Results Here, we show that A947 quickly distributes into rat tissues after IV dosing, where it accumulates and is retained in tissues such as the lung and liver although it undergoes fast clearance from circulation. Similar uptake/retention kinetics enable tumor growth inhibition over 2–3 weeks in a lung cancer model. A947 quickly excretes in the bile of rats. Solute carrier (SLC) transporters are involved in hepatocyte uptake of PROTACs. Sustained BRM protein degradation is seen after extensive washout that supports prolonged cell retention of A947 in NCI-H1944 cells. A947 tissue exposure and pharmacodynamics are inversely correlated in tumors. Conclusions Plasma sampling for VHL-PROTAC does not represent the tissue concentrations necessary for efficacy. Understanding of tissue uptake and retention could enable less frequent IV administration to be used for therapeutic dosing.
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- 2024
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4. Closing the gaps in adolescent vaccinations: Rhode Island’s Vaccinate Before You Graduate program as a model for other jurisdictions
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Dora M. Dumont, Jennifer S. Levy, Lisa M. Gargano, and Jordan C. White
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Immunization ,Vaccination ,Adolescents ,Preventive care ,Vaccinate Before You Graduate ,Disparities ,Medicine - Abstract
Objective: The northeastern state of Rhode Island (RI) has a Vaccinate Before You Graduate (VBYG) program that supplements the traditional primary care infrastructure by providing vaccines to adolescents while they are in school, with no out-of-pocket expenses. We analyzed data from RI’s immunization registry to evaluate whether VBYG also reduces disparities in adolescent immunization rates. Methods: We identified adolescent and catch-up vaccines administered in RI to people who were aged 11–18 at any point during the 5-year study period of 2019–2023, and conducted bivariate and multivariate analyses of vaccine administration data by setting (VBYG clinics, community health centers [CHCs], all other primary care practices [oPCPs], other school-based clinics, and other sites) and adolescent demographics (racial and ethnic identity, insurance status, sex, and age at time of vaccine). Results: Of over 387,000 routine vaccines administered during the study period, 3.3 % were administered by a VBYG clinic despite significant declines during school closures associated with the early COVID-19 pandemic. VBYG-administered doses went to slightly older youth, and a higher proportion were catch-up doses (25.7 % versus 14.1 % for CHC doses and 6.5 % for oPCP). Youths received an average of 2.71 vaccines in VBYG clinics compared to 1.77 from oPCPs and 2.08 from CHCs. A higher proportion of vaccines administered by VBYG went to adolescents of color and those without private insurance than those administered by oPCPs. Conclusions: VBYG provides a model to other jurisdictions of a vaccine safety net for adolescents who may not otherwise receive recommended vaccines before exiting the school system.
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- 2024
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5. Aging and Sensory Substitution in a Virtual Navigation Task.
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S Levy-Tzedek, S Maidenbaum, A Amedi, and J Lackner
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Virtual environments are becoming ubiquitous, and used in a variety of contexts-from entertainment to training and rehabilitation. Recently, technology for making them more accessible to blind or visually impaired users has been developed, by using sound to represent visual information. The ability of older individuals to interpret these cues has not yet been studied. In this experiment, we studied the effects of age and sensory modality (visual or auditory) on navigation through a virtual maze. We added a layer of complexity by conducting the experiment in a rotating room, in order to test the effect of the spatial bias induced by the rotation on performance. Results from 29 participants showed that with the auditory cues, it took participants a longer time to complete the mazes, they took a longer path length through the maze, they paused more, and had more collisions with the walls, compared to navigation with the visual cues. The older group took a longer time to complete the mazes, they paused more, and had more collisions with the walls, compared to the younger group. There was no effect of room rotation on the performance, nor were there any significant interactions among age, feedback modality and room rotation. We conclude that there is a decline in performance with age, and that while navigation with auditory cues is possible even at an old age, it presents more challenges than visual navigation.
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- 2016
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6. Early Stage Preclinical Formulation Strategies to Alter the Pharmacokinetic Profile of Two Small Molecule Therapeutics
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Le An, Tom De Bruyn, Jodie Pang, Savita Ubhayakar, Laurent Salphati, Xing Zhang, Liling Liu, Ruina Li, Bryan Chan, Anwesha Dey, and Elizabeth S. Levy
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drug delivery ,PO ,IV infusion ,IP ,SC ,small molecule ,Medicine ,Pharmacy and materia medica ,RS1-441 - Abstract
Early stage chemical development presents numerous challenges, and achieving a functional balance is a major hurdle, with many early compounds not meeting the clinical requirements for advancement benchmarks due to issues like poor oral bioavailability. There is a need to develop strategies for achieving the desired systemic concentration for these compounds. This will enable further evaluation of the biological response upon a compound–target interaction, providing deeper insight into the postulated biological pathways. Our study elucidates alternative drug delivery paradigms by comparing formulation strategies across oral (PO), intraperitoneal (IP), subcutaneous (SC), and intravenous (IV) routes. While each modality boasts its own set of merits and constraints, it is the drug’s formulation that crucially influences its pharmacokinetic (PK) trajectory and the maintenance of its therapeutic levels. Our examination of model compounds G7883 and G6893 highlighted their distinct physio-chemical attributes. By harnessing varied formulation methods, we sought to fine-tune their PK profiles. PK studies showcased G7883′s extended half-life using an SC oil formulation, resulting in a 4.5-fold and 2.5-fold enhancement compared with the IP and PO routes, respectively. In contrast, with G6893, we achieved a prolonged systemic coverage time above the desired target concentration through a different approach using an IV infusion pump. These outcomes underscore the need for tailored formulation strategies, which are dictated by the compound’s innate properties, to reach the optimal in vivo systemic concentrations. Prioritizing formulation and delivery optimization early on is pivotal for effective systemic uptake, thereby facilitating a deeper understanding of biological pathways and expediting the overall clinical drug development timeline.
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- 2024
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7. Well-being grants in an academic medical center: A case example
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Lauren E. Olson, Miriam A. Bredella, Anne S. Levy, and Darshan H. Mehta
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Well-being ,pilot grant ,burnout ,stress reduction ,engagement ,social connection ,self-care ,Medicine - Abstract
Academic medical centers (AMCs) rely on engaged and motivated faculty for their success. Significant burnout among clinical and research faculty has resulted in career disengagement and turnover. As such, AMCs must be vested in cultivating faculty engagement and well-being through novel initiatives that support faculty. The Well-Being Education Grants program was established by the Office for Well-Being within the Center for Faculty Development at Massachusetts General Hospital to provide the impetus many faculty needed to dedicate time to their well-being, demonstrating that investments in multi-component interventions around faculty well-being require resources and funding.
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- 2023
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8. Neonatal Hepatic Myeloid Progenitors Expand and Propagate Liver Injury in Mice
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Anas Alkhani, Cathrine Korsholm, Claire S. Levy, Sarah Mohamedaly, Caroline C. Duwaerts, Eric M. Pietras, and Amar Nijagal
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biliary atresia ,perinatal liver injury ,hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells ,myeloid progenitor cells ,Medicine - Abstract
Background: Biliary atresia (BA) is a progressive pediatric inflammatory disease of the liver that leads to cirrhosis and necessitates liver transplantation. The rapid progression from liver injury to liver failure in children with BA suggests that factors specific to the perinatal hepatic environment are important for disease propagation. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) reside in the fetal liver and are known to serve as central hubs of inflammation. We hypothesized that HSPCs are critical for the propagation of perinatal liver injury (PLI). Methods: Newborn BALB/c mice were injected with rhesus rotavirus (RRV) to induce PLI or with PBS as control. Livers were compared using histology and flow cytometry. To determine the effects of HSPCs on PLI, RRV-infected neonatal mice were administered anti-CD47 and anti-CD117 to deplete HSPCs. Results: PLI significantly increased the number of common myeloid progenitors and the number of CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors. Elimination of HSPCs through antibody-mediated myeloablation rescued animals from PLI and significantly increased survival (RRV+isotype control 36.4% vs. RRV+myeloablation 77.8%, Chi-test = 0.003). Conclusions: HSPCs expand as a result of RRV infection and propagate PLI. Targeting of HSPCs may be useful in preventing and treating neonatal inflammatory diseases of the liver such as BA.
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- 2023
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9. Prescription Drug Monitoring and Child Maltreatment in the United States, 2004-2018
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Natalie S. Levy, Mayumi Okuda, Shakira F. Suglia, Emilie Bruzelius, and Silvia S. Martins
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Prescription drug ,Adolescent ,Prescription Drug Misuse ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Neglect ,medicine ,Humans ,Child Abuse ,Child ,Psychological abuse ,Psychiatry ,media_common ,Controlled substance ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,United States ,Confidence interval ,Physical abuse ,Sexual abuse ,Child, Preschool ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs ,Female ,business - Abstract
To test whether a policy approach aimed at decreasing prescription drug misuse, specifically, state monitoring of controlled substance prescriptions-prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs)-were associated with changes in Child Protective Services-reported maltreatment prevalence.Using a difference-in-differences design and maltreatment data (2004-2018) from 50 states and the District of Columbia, we compared the prevalence of total maltreatment incidents and total victims, in states with and without PDMPs, before and after implementation. Exploratory analyses further examined models disaggregated by maltreatment type (neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, psychological abuse) and among different racial/ethnic groups. Quasi-Poisson models included state-level covariates, state- and year-fixed effects, and cluster-robust standard errors.Difference-in-differences models identified greater relative reductions in PDMP states relative to controls (total prevalence ratio, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.80, 0.940; victimization prevalence ratio, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.85-0.98) over the observation period. Decreases seemed to be driven by changes in neglect (prevalence ratio, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.80-0.93) and physical abuse (prevalence ratio, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.71-0.87) incidents, and may have been especially salient for American Indian/Alaskan Native children (prevalence ratio, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.65-0.94).We found evidence supporting an association between prescription drug monitoring and reduced maltreatment prevalence at the state level. Policies aimed at restricting the prescribing and dispensing of controlled substances may have indirect implications for child welfare.
- Published
- 2022
10. Keeping abreast of shark bite reconstruction: a case report and brief literature review
- Author
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Jaco H. Festekjian, Adam S. Levy, Alexander I. Murphy, and J. Simon Ivey
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Debridement ,business.industry ,Shark bite ,medicine.medical_treatment ,General surgery ,DIEP flap ,Surgical wound ,Case Report ,Shark attack ,Evidence-based medicine ,Plastic surgery ,medicine ,Surgery ,Breast reconstruction ,business ,Mastectomy - Abstract
Shark attack-related injuries (SARIs) are rare but may result in highly complex wounds requiring reconstruction by plastic surgeons. Here, we present an unusual case of SARI of the breast and briefly review literature on reconstructive management of (1) breast injuries from other large animals and (2) SARIs to other parts of the body. Our patient was a 39-year-old woman who experienced massive bilateral breast tissue loss from a shark attack. After primary surgical wound management, including debridement and washout, the patient underwent completion mastectomy with bilateral deep inferior epigastric perforator flap breast reconstruction. Literature review revealed that reports of animal-related injuries to the breast are rare, with ours being the first on SARI to the breast and the only describing major reconstruction of animal-related breast injury. Literature on reconstruction of non-breast SARI wounds is limited to two case reports describing severe tissue damage akin to that seen in our patient, both necessitating extensive debridement followed by reconstruction. Overall, our findings demonstrate the uniquely devastating damage resulting from SARIs and the value of primary wound management and abdominally based free flaps in successfully reconstructing these wounds. Level of evidence: Level V, therapeutic study.
- Published
- 2021
11. Development of the fundamentals of thoracic robotic surgery curriculum
- Author
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Jeffrey S Levy and Farid Gharagozloo
- Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Psychomotor learning ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,education ,Specialty ,Consensus conference ,Review Article of Robotic Thoracic Surgery ,Task (project management) ,Cardiothoracic surgery ,medicine ,Curriculum development ,Robotic surgery ,Medical physics ,business ,Curriculum - Abstract
A great technological revolution in surgery occurred with the introduction of laparoscopic and other minimally invasive procedures, with enormous patient benefits. Robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) is a form of minimally invasive surgery that overcomes some of the limitations of laparoscopic techniques. Until recently, there were few standardized curricula for RAS. The Fundamentals of Robotic (FRS) developed a process through expert consensus conferences to develop an effective and validated curriculum for basic robotic surgery. A specialty specific curriculum for thoracic robotic surgery is also needed. The Fundamentals of Thoracic Robotic Surgery (FTRS) Consensus Conference brought together expert thoracic surgeons to build upon the accomplishments of FRS and incorporate the experiences of thoracic societies and academic institutions to establish a standardized FTRS curriculum for the development and maintenance of specialty-specific robotic surgical skills. A task deconstruction was completed for the thoracic ‘signature’ procedure, the lobectomy and training items and potential errors were identified for each step of the procedure. A final outline of the FTRS curriculum was developed during the conference and physical and virtual reality thoracic surgery training models were discussed. Following the conference, the steering committee completed the FTRS curriculum with editorial review from all stakeholders. The FTRS consensus conference followed the validated FRS model but in an accelerated process due to important groundwork set by experts in the FRS consensus conferences. A full online curriculum and supporting psychomotor skills training and team communication has been developed for the lobectomy procedure.
- Published
- 2021
12. An Outcomes Review of 330 Sternal Wound Reconstructions: Timing of Closure Does Make a Difference
- Author
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Jonathan R Tiao, Elizabeth M. McMillen, Adam S. Levy, Chloe L Altchek, Craig R. Smith, Jeffrey A. Ascherman, and Sarah J. Karinja
- Subjects
Male ,Sternum ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Dehiscence ,Surgical Flaps ,Time-to-Treatment ,medicine ,Postoperative infection ,Humans ,Surgical Wound Infection ,Cardiac Surgical Procedures ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Wound Healing ,Debridement ,Wound Closure Techniques ,business.industry ,Wound dehiscence ,Retrospective cohort study ,Length of Stay ,Middle Aged ,Plastic Surgery Procedures ,medicine.disease ,Sternotomy ,Surgery ,Cardiac surgery ,Treatment Outcome ,Clinical question ,Female ,business ,Wound healing - Abstract
BACKGROUND Sternal wound infection and dehiscence following cardiac surgery remain difficult clinical problems with high morbidity. Older classification systems regarding timing to reconstruction do not take into account recent improvements in critical care, wound vacuum-assisted closure use, or next-generation antibiotic therapies, which may prolong time to reconstruction. METHODS Records of patients undergoing sternal wound reconstruction performed by the senior author (J.A.A.) from 1996 to 2018 at a high-volume cardiac surgery center were reviewed. Indications included sternal wound infection or dehiscence. All patients underwent single-stage removal of hardware, debridement, and flap closure. Patients were divided into two groups based on timing of wound closure after cardiac surgery: less than 30 days or greater than or equal to 30 days. RESULTS Of the 505 patients identified during the study period, 330 had sufficient data for analysis. Mean time to sternal wound surgery was 15.7 days in the early group compared to 64.4 days (p < 0.01) beyond 30 days. Postdebridement cultures were positive in 72 percent versus 62.5 percent of patients (p = 0.11), whereas rates of postoperative infection were significantly higher in the delayed group: 1.9 percent versus 9.5 percent (p < 0.01). Partial wound dehiscence rates were also higher after 30 days (1.9 percent versus 11.3 percent; p < 0.01), whereas total length of stay was decreased. Use of wound vacuum-assisted closure was significantly associated with reconstruction beyond 30 days (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Although performing sternal wound reconstruction more than 30 days after initial cardiac surgery was associated with a shorter overall hospital length of stay and higher extubation rates in the operating room, these patients also had elevated postoperative infection and wound complication rates. The authors thus recommend not delaying definitive surgical reconstruction when possible. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, III.
- Published
- 2021
13. Well-Being of Pediatric Hematology Oncology Providers and Staff During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the New York and New Jersey Epicenter
- Author
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Adam S. Levy, Susan L. Rosenthal, Zhezhen Jin, Peter D. Cole, Scott Moerdler, and Dara M. Steinberg
- Subjects
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Pediatric Hematology/Oncology ,New York ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pandemic ,Health care ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,Pandemics ,New Jersey ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Oncology (nursing) ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,COVID-19 ,Hematology ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Family medicine ,Well-being ,business - Abstract
PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the well-being of healthcare workers to varying degrees. The aim of the current study was to investigate how the pandemic has affected the burnout, stress, and emotional well-being of pediatric hematology oncology (PHO) providers and staff in the New York and New Jersey epicenter. METHODS: The study was conducted in June 2020 during the pandemic through an electronic survey. The survey contained questions surrounding demographics, pandemic experiences, and validated burnout, stress, and emotional well-being measures. RESULTS: Two hundred fifty-two PHO providers and staff responded to the survey. Overall, half of the participants reported high levels of burnout, average stress scores were in the mild-moderate range, and the majority scored in the none-to-mild symptomatology range for their well-being. Self-reported burnout levels before the pandemic and geographic work location were statistically significant risk factors for all outcomes. Additional predictors for some outcomes included hospital role, lack of trust in leadership, and deployment. The majority of participants (87.0%) reported that their hospitals had made mental health resources related to COVID-19 available to them but only 8.4% reported having used them. CONCLUSION: PHO providers and staff in the NYC/NJ area are experiencing a range of emotional experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the majority are not using current resources. With the continuation of the pandemic, we must continue efforts to improve provider and staff distress to mitigate the degree of potential negative short-term and long-term impact.
- Published
- 2021
14. Procedimiento para la infusión de mitocondrias autólogas por la arteria carótida en el cerebro porcino
- Author
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Cory M. Kelly, Melanie Walker, Luz Toribio, S Levy, Hector H. Garcia, Miguel A. Orrego, and Gianfranco Arroyo
- Subjects
Carótida ,Cerebro ,Porcine ,Cell ,Central nervous system ,Infusión ,Mitochondrion ,Pharmacology ,In vivo ,Organelle ,medicine ,Infusion ,Mitocondria ,Cell damage ,Carotid ,Cerdo ,business.industry ,Therapeutic effect ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Brain ,General Medicine ,Microcatheter ,medicine.disease ,Transplantation ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,business ,Microcatéter - Abstract
Mitochondria are complex organelles that play a critical role within the cell; mitochondrial dysfunction can result in significant cell damage or death. Previous studies have demonstrated the promising therapeutic effects of autologous mitochondria transplantation into ischemic cardiac tissue; however, few studies have examined the in vivo effects of mitochondria infusion into the brain. The aim of this study is to report a procedure for carotid infusion of autologous mitochondria into porcine brains. By using this infusion technique, we propose that a selective and minimally invasive administration is feasible and may provide benefits in the treatment of various central nervous system disorders Las mitocondrias son organelas complejas que desempeñan un papel fundamental en la célula, la disfunción mitocondrial puede ocasionar daños celulares significativos o la muerte. Estudios previos han demostrado los prometedores efectos terapéuticos del trasplante de mitocondrias autólogas a un tejido cardiaco isquémico, sin embargo, pocos estudios han evaluado los efectos in vivo de la infusión de mitocondrias en el cerebro. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo dar a conocer el procedimiento para la infusión vía carótida de mitocondrias autólogas en cerebros porcinos. Mediante esta técnica de infusión, proponemos que una administración selectiva y mínimamente invasiva es factible y puede proporcionar beneficios en el tratamiento de diversas patologías del sistema nervioso central
- Published
- 2021
15. Comparison of blood flow restriction devices and their effect on quadriceps muscle activation
- Author
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Harsimran S. Baweja, Michael D. Rosenthal, Tyler A. Smith, Alexander E. Reinfeldt, Mason C. Hearn, Susan S. Levy, and Jacqueline M. Bordessa
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Strength training ,Pain ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Electromyography ,Blood flow restriction ,Quadriceps Muscle ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Humans ,Medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Muscle Strength ,030222 orthopedics ,Tourniquet ,Cross-Over Studies ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Hemodynamics ,Biomechanics ,Quadriceps muscle ,Resistance training ,Resistance Training ,030229 sport sciences ,General Medicine ,Constriction ,Crossover study ,Biomechanical Phenomena ,Regional Blood Flow ,Female ,business - Abstract
Blood flow restriction training (BFRT) provides an alternative approach to traditional strength training. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in quadriceps muscle activation, subject reported pain, and perceived exertion between three exercise conditions: low-load resistance BFRT with (1) regulated and (2) standardized devices, and (3) high-load resistance exercise without BFRT.Randomized cross over study.XX University Biomechanics laboratory.Thirty-four healthy subjects (18 male/16 female) each completed three randomized sessions of knee extensions using Delfi's Personalized Tourniquet System (R) at 30% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM), the B-Strong™ device (S) at 30% 1RM, and high-load resistance exercise (HL) at 80% 1RM.Quadriceps EMG activity, numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), and perceived exertion (OMNI-RES) were recorded.Average and peak EMG were greater in HL sessions than both S and R (p .001). NPRS was greater in the R sessions compared to both S (p .001) and HL (p .001). OMNI-RES was greater in the R sessions compared to S (p .02) and HL (p .001). No differences (p .05) in average or peak EMG activation were found between S and R sessions.Quadriceps EMG amplitude was greater during high-load resistance exercise versus low-load BFR exercise and there were no differences in EMG findings between BFRT devices.
- Published
- 2021
16. Pharmacological modulation of AMPA receptors rescues specific impairments in social behavior associated with the A350V Iqsec2 mutation
- Author
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Yasmin Abergel, Joshua H. Berman, Shai Netser, Nina S. Levy, Shlomo Wagner, Andrew P. Levy, Renad Jabarin, and Amir Zag
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Nerve Tissue Proteins ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,AMPA receptor ,Neurotransmission ,Biology ,Molecular neuroscience ,medicine.disease_cause ,Synaptic Transmission ,Article ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Glutamatergic ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ,Receptors, AMPA ,Pharmacological modulation ,Social Behavior ,Receptor ,Gene ,Biological Psychiatry ,Mutation ,Autism spectrum disorders ,Pathophysiology ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,030104 developmental biology ,Synapses ,Female ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,RC321-571 - Abstract
In this study we tested the hypothesis that pharmacological modulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission could rescue behavioral deficits exhibited by mice carrying a specific mutation in the Iqsec2 gene. The IQSEC2 protein plays a key role in glutamatergic synapses and mutations in the IQSEC2 gene are a frequent cause of neurodevelopmental disorders. We have recently reported on the molecular pathophysiology of one such mutation A350V and demonstrated that this mutation downregulates AMPA type glutamatergic receptors (AMPAR) in A350V mice. Here we sought to identify behavioral deficits in A350V mice and hypothesized that we could rescue these deficits by PF-4778574, a positive AMPAR modulator. Using a battery of social behavioral tasks, we found that A350V Iqsec2 mice exhibit specific deficits in sex preference and emotional state preference behaviors as well as in vocalizations when encountering a female mouse. The social discrimination deficits, but not the impaired vocalization, were rescued with a single dose of PF-4778574. We conclude that social behavior deficits associated with the A350V Iqsec2 mutation may be rescued by enhancing AMPAR mediated synaptic transmission.
- Published
- 2021
17. Perception of American English consonants /v/ and /w/ by Hindi speakers of English
- Author
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Erika S. Levy, Douglas H. Whalen, Luca Campanelli, Valerie L. Shafer, and Vikas Grover
- Subjects
Hindi ,Consonant ,050101 languages & linguistics ,Linguistics and Language ,medicine.medical_specialty ,education.field_of_study ,Speech perception ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Population ,American English ,Audiology ,Second-language acquisition ,050105 experimental psychology ,Language and Linguistics ,language.human_language ,Education ,Perception ,medicine ,language ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,education ,Psychology ,Neuroscience of multilingualism ,media_common - Abstract
This study examined perception of the American English (AE) /v/-/w/ consonant contrast by Hindi speakers of English as a second language (L2). A second aim was to determine whether residence in the US modulated perception of this difficult contrast for proficient bilingual Hindi-English listeners. Two groups of Hindi-English bilinguals (the first resided in the US for more than five years, the second lived in India) and a group of AE-speaking listeners participated in the study. Listeners’ identification and discrimination of nonsense words (e.g., “vagag” vs. “wagag”) were examined. Hindi listeners performed significantly less accurately than AE controls. Accuracy by Hindi listeners was near chance for identification and higher-than-chance for discrimination. Exposure to AE in the US did not improve performance. These results are consistent with previous studies of late L2 learners and extend findings to a population that was proficient in an L2 before arriving in the L2 environment.
- Published
- 2021
18. Structural and functional brain-wide alterations in A350V Iqsec2 mutant mice displaying autistic-like behavior
- Author
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Nina S. Levy, Itamar Kahn, Andrew P. Levy, Eyal Bergmann, Alexandra Kavushansky, Daniela Lichtman, and Nadav Cohen
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Autism Spectrum Disorder ,Hippocampus ,Nerve Tissue Proteins ,AMPA receptor ,Biology ,Article ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,0302 clinical medicine ,Intellectual Disability ,Cortex (anatomy) ,medicine ,Animals ,Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ,Missense mutation ,Autistic Disorder ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Biological Psychiatry ,Anterior cingulate cortex ,Brain ,Diagnostic markers ,Autism spectrum disorders ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cerebral cortex ,Autism spectrum disorder ,Excitatory postsynaptic potential ,NMDA receptor ,Postsynaptic density ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
IQSEC2 is an X-linked gene which is associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability and epilepsy. IQSEC2 is a postsynaptic density protein, localized on excitatory synapses as part of the NMDA receptor complex and is suggested to play a role in AMPA receptor trafficking and mediation of long-term depression. Here, we present brain-wide structural volumetric and functional connectivity characterization in a novel mouse model with a missense mutation in the IQ domain of IQSEC2 (A350V). Using high-resolution structural and functional MRI, we show that animals with the A350V mutation display increased whole-brain volume which was further found to be specific to the cortex and hippocampus. Moreover, using a data-driven approach we demonstrate that A350V mice present alterations in structure–function relations of the frontal, auditory, and visual networks. Examination of these alterations revealed an increase in functional connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex and the dorsomedial striatum. We also show that corticostriatal functional connectivity is correlated with individual variability in social behavior only in A350V mice, as assessed using the three–chamber social preference test. Our results at the systems-level bridge the impact of previously reported changes in AMPA receptor trafficking to network-level disruption and impaired social behavior. Further, the A350V mouse model recapitulates similarly reported brain-wide changes in other ASD mouse models, with substantially different cellular-level pathologies that nonetheless result in similar brain-wide alterations, suggesting that novel therapeutic approaches in ASD that result in systems-level rescue will be relevant to IQSEC2 mutations.Significance StatementSeveral recent studies have characterized the changes in the organization of brain networks in animal models of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Here we assessed the effect of an A350V missense mutation in the IQSEC2 gene, which is associated with ASD, on brain-wide functional connectivity and its relation to social behavior deficits in A350V mice relative to controls. We found that the A350V IQSEC2 model results in disrupted functional connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex and the dorsomedial striatum. Critically, disrupted increased corticostriatal functional connectivity is predictive of individual variability in social interaction only in A350V mice implicating this pathway in the pathophysiology of the A350V IQSEC2 mutation.
- Published
- 2021
19. Housing of A350V IQSEC2 pups at 37 °C ambient temperature prevents seizures and permits the development of social vocalizations in adulthood
- Author
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Kinneret Schragenheim-Rozales, Nina S. Levy, Shai Netser, Reut Shalgi, Renad Jabarin, Reem Jada, Veronika Borisov, Liron Zag, Shlomo Wagner, and Andrew P. Levy
- Subjects
iqsec2 ,Male ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Physiology ,Male mice ,Nerve Tissue Proteins ,Stimulus (physiology) ,Mice ,Behavior disorder ,Epilepsy ,Seizures ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,Medical technology ,medicine ,Animals ,Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ,Missense mutation ,R855-855.5 ,Seizure activity ,business.industry ,Temperature ,medicine.disease ,ultrasonic vocalizations ,Endocrinology ,Housing ,epilepsy ,lethal seizures ,Female ,Vocalization, Animal ,business - Abstract
Objectives Mutations in the human IQSEC2 gene are associated with drug-resistant epilepsy and severe behavioral dysfunction. We have focused on understanding one human IQSEC2 missense mutation (A350V) for which we have created a corresponding A350V IQSEC2 mouse model by CRISPR which demonstrates seizures when the mice are 15-20 days old and impaired social vocalizations in adulthood. We observed that a child with the A350V mutation stops having seizures when experiencing a fever of greater than 38 °C. In this study, we first sought to determine if we could recapitulate this phenomenon in A350V 15-20 day old mice using a previously established protocol to raise body temperature to 39 °C achieved by housing the mice at 37 °C. We then sought to determine if mice in whom seizure activity had been prevented as pups would develop social vocalization activity in adulthood. Methods 15-20 day old A350V male mice were housed either at 37 °C or 22 °C. Ultrasonic vocalizations of these mice were assessed at 8-10 weeks in response to a female stimulus. Results Housing of 15-20 day old A350V mice at 37 °C resulted in a reduction in lethal seizures to 2% (1/41) compared to 45% (48/108) in mice housed at 22 °C, p = 0.0001. Adult A350V mice who had been housed at 37 °C as pups displayed a significant improvement in the production of social vocalizations. Conclusion Raising the body temperature by raising the ambient temperature might provide a means to reduce seizures associated with the A350V IQSEC2 mutation and thereby allow for an improved neurodevelopmental trajectory.
- Published
- 2021
20. Promoting Women in Academic Medicine during COVID-19 and Beyond
- Author
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Karan A Patel, Miriam A. Bredella, Anne S Levy, Cristina R. Ferrone, Bakhos A. Tannous, and Mary L. Bouxsein
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Gender equity ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Faculty, Medical ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,gender equity ,Faculty medical ,diversity ,Physicians, Women ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Academic medicine ,media_common ,Academic Medical Centers ,SARS-CoV-2 ,virtual lecture ,business.industry ,COVID-19 ,Family medicine ,Female ,business ,Concise Research Report ,Diversity (politics) - Published
- 2021
21. Expert Consensus Recommendations for Robotic Surgery Credentialing
- Author
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Justin W. Collins, Martin A. Martino, Richard M. Satava, Elizabeth M. Huffman, Jeffrey S. Levy, and Dimitrios Stefanidis
- Subjects
Surgeons ,Medical education ,Consensus ,Delphi Technique ,business.industry ,Process (engineering) ,MEDLINE ,Expert consensus ,Robotics ,Credentialing ,Outcome monitoring ,03 medical and health sciences ,Patient safety ,0302 clinical medicine ,Robotic Surgical Procedures ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Humans ,Medicine ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Surgery ,Robotic surgery ,Clinical Competence ,Technical skills ,business - Abstract
Objective To define criteria for robotic credentialing using expert consensus. Background A recent review of institutional robotic credentialing policies identified significant variability and determined current policies are largely inadequate to ensure surgeon proficiency and may threaten patient safety. Methods 28 national robotic surgery experts were invited to participate in a consensus conference. After review of available institutional policies and discussion, the group developed a 91 proposed criteria. Using a modified Delphi process the experts were asked to indicate their agreement with the proposed criteria in three electronic survey rounds after the conference. Criteria that achieved 80% or more in agreement (consensus) in all rounds were included in the final list. Results All experts agreed that there is a need for standardized robotic surgery credentialing criteria across institutions that promote surgeon proficiency. 49 items reached consensus in the first round, 19 in the second, and 8 in the third for a total of 76 final items. Experts agreed that privileges should be granted based on video review of surgical performance and attainment of clearly defined objective proficiency benchmarks. Parameters for ongoing outcome monitoring were determined and recommendations for technical skills training, proctoring, and performance assessment were defined. Conclusions Using a systematic approach, detailed credentialing criteria for robotic surgery were defined. Implementation of these criteria uniformly across institutions will promote proficiency of robotic surgeons and has the potential to positively impact patient outcomes.
- Published
- 2020
22. Quantifying fascial tension in ventral hernia repair and component separation
- Author
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Karel-Bart Celie, Adam S. Levy, Jason A. Spector, and Jaime L. Bernstein
- Subjects
Reproducibility ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Tension (physics) ,Fascia ,030230 surgery ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,body regions ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Clamp ,Cadaver ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Tensiometer (surface tension) ,medicine ,Hernia ,Displacement (orthopedic surgery) ,business ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Excessive fascial tension is a major cause of ventral hernia recurrence. Although hernias are commonly characterized by area, the tension experienced by fascia is directly proportional to the surrounding tissue stiffness. We demonstrate an accurate and simple technique for intra-operative measurement of fascial closing tension and quantify the decrease in tension following Component Separation (CS). A tensiometer was created using a spring with a known recoil constant (k) and a surgical clamp. Using Hooke’s law (Force = kX; X = spring displacement), fascial tension was calculated. This method was first validated on a bench-top model and then applied to the anterior fascia of 4 fresh cadavers (8 hemi-abdomens) over a range of simulated hernia defect sizes. When fascia could no longer reach midline, CS was performed and measures repeated. Tissue stiffness was calculated by plotting defect size versus resulting tension. Fascial defects ranged from 1- to 18-cm wide with average midline closing tension prior to release 36.1 N (range 17–48) and 8.2 N (range 5–11) after CS, a mean 76% decrease (range 70%–85%). Mean R2 values between defect size and tension for the synthetic and cadaver models were 0.99 (p 0.95 (p
- Published
- 2020
23. Demonstrating the effectiveness of the fundamentals of robotic surgery (FRS) curriculum on the RobotiX Mentor Virtual Reality Simulation Platform
- Author
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Jeffrey S. Levy, John Rhodes Martin, Richard M. Satava, Dimitrios Stefanidis, Ryan P. Dorin, and Alvin C. Goh
- Subjects
Psychomotor learning ,medicine.medical_specialty ,animal structures ,business.industry ,education ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Specialty ,Health Informatics ,Virtual reality ,Checklist ,Dreyfus model of skill acquisition ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Medicine ,Surgery ,Robotic surgery ,Observational study ,Medical physics ,business ,Curriculum - Abstract
Fundamentals of robotic surgery (FRS) is a proficiency-based progression curriculum developed by robotic surgery experts from multiple specialty areas to address gaps in existing robotic surgery training curricula. The RobotiX Mentor is a virtual reality training platform for robotic surgery. Our aims were to determine if robotic surgery novices would demonstrate improved technical skills after completing FRS training on the RobotiX Mentor, and to compare the effectiveness of FRS across training platforms. An observational, pre-post design, multi-institutional rater-blinded trial was conducted at two American College of Surgeons Accredited Education Institutes-certified simulation centers. Robotic surgery novices (n = 20) were enrolled and trained to expert-derived benchmarks using FRS on the RobotiX Mentor. Participants’ baseline skill was assessed before (pre-test) and after (post-test) training on an avian tissue model. Tests were video recorded and graded by blinded raters using the Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skills (GEARS) and a 32-criteria psychomotor checklist. Post hoc comparisons were conducted against previously published comparator groups. On paired-samples T tests, participants demonstrated improved performance across all GEARS domains (p
- Published
- 2020
24. Poly-4-hydroxybutyrate (Phasix™) mesh onlay in complex abdominal wall repair
- Author
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Christine H. Rohde, Jaime L. Bernstein, Ishani D. Premaratne, Alfons Pomp, Adam S. Levy, Jason A. Spector, Michael D. Lieberman, David M. Otterburn, and Kerry A. Morrison
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Soft tissue ,Abdominal wall repair ,030230 surgery ,Hepatology ,Hernia repair ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Hernia recurrence ,Internal medicine ,Seroma ,medicine ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Hernia ,business ,Abdominal surgery - Abstract
Poly-4-hydroxybutyric acid (P4HB, Phasix™) is a biosynthetic polymer that degrades by hydrolysis that can be woven into a mesh for use in soft tissue reinforcement. Herein, we describe our initial experience performing complex abdominal wall repair (CAWR) utilizing component separation and P4HB mesh as onlay reinforcement. All patients undergoing CAWR between June 2014 and May 2017 were followed prospectively for postoperative outcomes. Only those patients who underwent components separation with primary repair of the fascial edges followed by onlay of P4HB mesh were included in this study. 105 patients (52 male, 53 female; mean age 59.2 years, range 22–84) met inclusion criteria. Mean BMI was 29.1 (range 16–48); 52% patients had prior attempted hernia repair, most with multiple medical comorbidities (71% of patients with ASA 3 or greater). 30% of cases were not clean at the time of repair (CDC class 2 or greater). Median follow-up was 36 months (range 9–63). Eighteen patients (17%) developed a hernia recurrence ranging from 2 to 36 months postoperatively. Five (5%) patients developed a localized superficial infection treated with antibiotics, three (2.8%) required re-operation for non-healing wounds, and six (6%) patients developed seroma. These data demonstrate a relatively low rate of hernia recurrence, seroma, and other common complications of CAWR in a highly morbid patient population. Importantly, the rate of mesh infection was low and no patients required complete mesh removal, even when placed into a contaminated or infected surgical field.
- Published
- 2020
25. Are current credentialing requirements for robotic surgery adequate to ensure surgeon proficiency?
- Author
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Dimitrios Stefanidis, Seth A. Rosen, Jeffrey S. Levy, Elizabeth M. Huffman, and Martin A. Martino
- Subjects
business.industry ,Training course ,Time gap ,Credentialing ,Outcome monitoring ,03 medical and health sciences ,Patient safety ,0302 clinical medicine ,Common Criteria ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Medicine ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Surgery ,Robotic surgery ,Operations management ,business - Abstract
Robotic surgery has seen unprecedented growth, requiring hospitals to establish or update credentialing policies regarding this technology. Concerns about verification of robotic surgeon proficiency and the adequacy of current credentialing criteria to maintain patient safety have arisen. The aim of this project was to examine existing institutional credentialing requirements for robotic surgery and evaluate their adequacy in ensuring surgeon proficiency. Robotic credentialing policies for community and academic surgery programs were acquired and reviewed. Common criteria across institutions related to credentialing and recredentialing were identified and the average, standard deviation, and range of numeric requirements, if defined, was calculated. Criteria for proctors and assistants were also analyzed. Policies from 42 geographically dispersed US hospitals were reviewed. The majority of policies relied on a defined number of proctored cases as a surrogate for proficiency with an average of 3.24 ± 1.69 and a range of 1–10 cases required for initial credentialing. While 34 policies (81%) addressed maintenance of privileges requirements, there was wide variability in the average number of required robotic cases (7.19 ± 3.28 per year) and range (1–15 cases per year). Only 11 policies (26%) addressed the maximum allowable time gap between robotic cases. Significant variability in credentialing policies exists in a representative sample of US hospitals. Most policies require completion of a robotic surgery training course and a small number of proctored cases; however, ongoing objective performance assessments and patient outcome monitoring was rarely described. Existing credentialing policies are likely inadequate to ensure surgeon proficiency; therefore, development and wide implementation of robust credentialing guidelines is recommended to optimize patient safety and outcomes.
- Published
- 2020
26. Ly6cLo non-classical monocytes promote resolution of rhesus rotavirus-mediated perinatal hepatic inflammation
- Author
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Aras N. Mattis, Katya Polovina, Amar Nijagal, Jacquelyn J. Maher, Claire S. Levy, Margaret Tsui, Anas Alkhani, Steven J. Van Dyken, Katherine A. Rosenberg, Matthias Mack, and Bruce Wang
- Subjects
Rotavirus ,Late gestation ,Knockout ,lcsh:Medicine ,Inflammation ,Disease ,Reproductive health and childbirth ,medicine.disease_cause ,Hepatic inflammation ,Monocytes ,Rotavirus Infections ,Hepatitis ,Mice ,medicine ,Animals ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Antigens ,Aetiology ,lcsh:Science ,Inbred BALB C ,Liver injury ,Pediatric ,Fetus ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Animal ,Monocyte ,Liver Disease ,Inflammatory and immune system ,lcsh:R ,Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period ,medicine.disease ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Good Health and Well Being ,Ly ,Immunology ,lcsh:Q ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Digestive Diseases - Abstract
Perinatal hepatic inflammation can have devastating consequences. Monocytes play an important role in the initiation and resolution of inflammation, and their diverse functions can be attributed to specific cellular subsets: pro-inflammatory or classical monocytes (Ly6cHi) and pro-reparative or non-classical monocytes (Ly6cLo). We hypothesized that inherent differences in Ly6cHi classical monocytes and Ly6cLo non-classical monocytes determine susceptibility to perinatal hepatic inflammation in late gestation fetuses and neonates. We found an anti-inflammatory transcriptional profile expressed by Ly6cLo non-classical monocytes, and a physiologic abundance of these cells in the late gestation fetal liver. Unlike neonatal pups, late gestation fetuses proved to be resistant to rhesus rotavirus (RRV) mediated liver inflammation. Furthermore, neonatal pups were rendered resistant to RRV-mediated liver injury when Ly6cLo non-classical monocytes were expanded. Pharmacologic inhibition of Ly6cLo non-classical monocytes in this setting restored susceptibility to RRV-mediated disease. These data demonstrate that Ly6cLo monocytes promote resolution of perinatal liver inflammation in the late gestation fetus, where there is a physiologic expansion of non-classical monocytes, and in the neonatal liver upon experimental expansion of these cells. Therapeutic strategies directed towards enhancing Ly6cLo non-classical monocyte function may mitigate the detrimental effects of perinatal liver inflammation.
- Published
- 2020
27. Provider views on perioperative steroid use for patients with newly diagnosed pediatric brain tumors
- Author
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Fatema Malbari, Kristen A. Staggers, Adam S. Levy, Charles G. Minard, Murali Chintagumpala, and Howard L. Weiner
- Subjects
Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Neurology ,Health Personnel ,Brain Edema ,Loading dose ,Dexamethasone ,Cerebral edema ,03 medical and health sciences ,Postoperative Complications ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Edema ,medicine ,Humans ,Perioperative Medicine ,Adverse effect ,Response rate (survey) ,Brain Neoplasms ,business.industry ,Perioperative ,medicine.disease ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Steroids ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Hydrocephalus ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Cerebral edema from brain tumors can cause neurological impairment. Steroids treat edema but with possible adverse effects. We surveyed providers regarding steroid use in newly diagnosed patients with brain tumors to determine if practices are standard or markedly variable. An anonymous voluntary online survey was sent to members of neuro-oncology consortiums. Four clinical scenarios were provided and questions regarding initiation of steroids, type, dose, formulation, and duration were asked. Demographic information was collected. 369 providers received the survey, 76 responded (20.6% response rate). The proportion of providers who would start steroids significantly differed among scenarios (scenario 1 vs 2, p
- Published
- 2020
28. Injury characteristics of the Pulse Nightclub shooting: Lessons for mass casualty incident preparation
- Author
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Marc S. Levy, William S Eubanks, Heidi Emrani, Joseph A Ibrahim, Matthew W. Lube, Karen Safcsak, William Havron, Chadwick Smith, Michael Gregg, and Michael L. Cheatham
- Subjects
Emergency Medical Services ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Disaster Planning ,Hospitals, Community ,Autopsy ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Trauma Centers ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Humans ,Mass Casualty Incidents ,Retrospective Studies ,business.industry ,Trauma center ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,Retrospective cohort study ,social sciences ,humanities ,Community hospital ,Mass-casualty incident ,Emergency medicine ,Orthopedic surgery ,Florida ,Wounds, Gunshot ,Surgery ,Body region ,business - Abstract
BACKGROUND On the morning of June 12, 2016, an armed assailant entered the Pulse Nightclub in Orlando, Florida, and initiated an assault that killed 49 people and injured 53. The regional Level I trauma center and two community hospitals responded to this mass casualty incident. A detailed analysis was performed to guide hospitals who strive to prepare for future similar events. METHODS A retrospective review of all victim charts and/or autopsy reports was performed to identify victim presentation patterns, injuries sustained, and surgical resources required. Patients were stratified into three groups: survivors who received care at the regional Level I trauma center, survivors who received care at one of two local community hospitals, and decedents. RESULTS Of the 102 victims, 40 died at the scene and 9 died upon arrival to the Level I trauma center. The remaining 53 victims received definitive medical care and survived. Twenty-nine victims were admitted to the trauma center and five victims to a community hospital. The remaining 19 victims were treated and discharged that day. Decedents sustained significantly more bullet impacts than survivors (4 ± 3 vs. 2 ± 1; p = 0.008) and body regions injured (3 ± 1 vs. 2 ± 1; p = 0.0002). Gunshots to the head, chest, and abdominal body regions were significantly more common among decedents than survivors (p < 0.0001). Eighty-two percent of admitted patients required surgery in the first 24 hours. Essential resources in the first 24 hours included trauma surgeons, emergency room physicians, orthopedic/hand surgeons, anesthesiologists, vascular surgeons, interventional radiologists, intensivists, and hospitalists. CONCLUSION Mass shooting events are associated with high mortality. Survivors commonly sustain multiple, life-threatening ballistic injuries requiring emergent surgery and extensive hospital resources. Given the increasing frequency of mass shootings, all hospitals must have a coordinated plan to respond to a mass casualty event. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Epidemiological Study, level V.
- Published
- 2019
29. Catheter based interventions for lower extremity peripheral artery disease
- Author
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Rohan Parikh, Varun Victor, and Michael S. Levy
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Drug coated balloon ,Catheters ,Arterial disease ,business.industry ,Catheter based interventions ,Complex disease ,Disease ,Peripheral ,Peripheral Arterial Disease ,Treatment Outcome ,Lower Extremity ,Medicine ,Humans ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Intensive care medicine ,Angioplasty, Balloon ,Vascular Patency - Abstract
The field of peripheral arterial intervention has exploded over the past 20 years. Current knowledge includes a growing evidence base for treatment as well as a myriad of new interventional approaches to complex disease. This review seeks to outline the current state of the art for interventional approaches to lower extremity peripheral arterial disease.
- Published
- 2021
30. PATZ1 fusions define a novel molecularly distinct neuroepithelial tumor entity with a broad histological spectrum
- Author
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Elli Papaemmanuil, Bastiaan B. J. Tops, Torben Stamm Mikkelsen, Fanny Vandenbos, Christof M. Kramm, Nancy Bouvier, Katharina Filipski, Nagma Dalvi, Kristian W. Pajtler, Andrea Wittmann, Christine Haberler, Till Milde, Olaf Witt, Hildegard Dohmen, Martin Sill, George Jour, Matija Snuderl, Allison M. Martin, Torsten Pietsch, Antonis Kattamis, Nicholas G. Gottardo, Emmanuelle Uro-Coste, Philipp Sievers, Andreas von Deimling, Frank Alvaro, Simone Schmid, Damian Stichel, Jonas Ecker, Marcel Kool, Johannes Gojo, Lidija Kitanovski, Michal Zapotocky, Michael Delorenzo, Catherine Godfraind, Florian Selt, Alexander C Sommerkamp, Adam S. Levy, Pieter Wesseling, Evelina Miele, Lenka Krskova, Pengbo Beck, Matthias A. Karajannis, David Scheie, Jordan R. Hansford, Natalie Jäger, Karam T. Alhalabi, Andrey Korshunov, Felix Sahm, Mariëtte E.G. Kranendonk, David T.W. Jones, David Sumerauer, Chris Jones, Katja von Hoff, Heike Peterziel, Stefan M. Pfister, Dominik Sturm, Martin G. McCabe, Ina Oehme, Maria Filippidou, Claude Alain Maurage, Ingrid Øra, Till Acker, Pathology, CCA - Cancer biology and immunology, and CCA - Imaging and biomarkers
- Subjects
Male ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ,PATZ1 ,Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors ,Brain tumor ,Neuroepithelial ,Biology ,Malignancy ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Fusion gene ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,medicine ,Humans ,Oncogene Fusion ,Copy-number variation ,ddc:610 ,Child ,Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/genetics ,Brain Neoplasms/genetics ,Pediatric ,Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial/genetics ,Repressor Proteins/genetics ,Original Paper ,Manchester Cancer Research Centre ,MN1 ,Brain Neoplasms ,ResearchInstitutes_Networks_Beacons/mcrc ,GATA2 ,Neurooncology ,medicine.disease ,Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial ,Repressor Proteins ,Neuroepithelial cell ,EWSR1 ,Child, Preschool ,Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ,Chromosome 22 ,Gene fusion - Abstract
Large-scale molecular profiling studies in recent years have shown that central nervous system (CNS) tumors display a much greater heterogeneity in terms of molecularly distinct entities, cellular origins and genetic drivers than anticipated from histological assessment. DNA methylation profiling has emerged as a useful tool for robust tumor classification, providing new insights into these heterogeneous molecular classes. This is particularly true for rare CNS tumors with a broad morphological spectrum, which are not possible to assign as separate entities based on histological similarity alone. Here, we describe a molecularly distinct subset of predominantly pediatric CNS neoplasms (n = 60) that harbor PATZ1 fusions. The original histological diagnoses of these tumors covered a wide spectrum of tumor types and malignancy grades. While the single most common diagnosis was glioblastoma (GBM), clinical data of the PATZ1-fused tumors showed a better prognosis than typical GBM, despite frequent relapses. RNA sequencing revealed recurrent MN1:PATZ1 or EWSR1:PATZ1 fusions related to (often extensive) copy number variations on chromosome 22, where PATZ1 and the two fusion partners are located. These fusions have individually been reported in a number of glial/glioneuronal tumors, as well as extracranial sarcomas. We show here that they are more common than previously acknowledged, and together define a biologically distinct CNS tumor type with high expression of neural development markers such as PAX2, GATA2 and IGF2. Drug screening performed on the MN1:PATZ1 fusion-bearing KS-1 brain tumor cell line revealed preliminary candidates for further study. In summary, PATZ1 fusions define a molecular class of histologically polyphenotypic neuroepithelial tumors, which show an intermediate prognosis under current treatment regimens.
- Published
- 2021
31. Reduction in seizure burden in a child with a A350V IQSEC2 mutation using heat therapy with a Jacuzzi
- Author
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Mitchell Schertz, Andrew P. Levy, Nina S. Levy, Jacob Genizi, and Eli Heyman
- Subjects
child development ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Medicine (General) ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Thermal therapy ,Case Report ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,heat shock ,Heat therapy ,Epilepsy ,R5-920 ,Mutation (genetic algorithm) ,medicine ,IQSEC2 ,Missense mutation ,epilepsy ,Medicine ,business ,thermal therapy - Abstract
A child with a A350V IQSEC2 missense mutation resulting in drug‐resistant epilepsy stops having seizures when he has a fever. We demonstrate that raising the body temperature of the child using a commercial Jacuzzi dramatically reduces his seizures and appears to improve his social behavioral interactions.
- Published
- 2021
32. Evolution and emergence of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Chisinau, Moldova
- Author
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Ted Cohen, Barun Mathema, Tyler S. Brown, Natalie S. Levy, James Stimson, Vegard Eldholm, Ecaterina Noroc, Magnus N Osnes, Caroline Colijn, Sofia Alexandru, Ola Brønstad Brynildsrud, Valeriu Crudu, and Nelly Ciobanu
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Tuberculosis ,Drug resistance ,Pathogens and Epidemiology ,Mycobacterium tuberculosis ,Evolution, Molecular ,Antibiotic resistance ,Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ,Epidemiology ,Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant ,medicine ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis ,Social determinants of health ,antimicrobial resistance ,Research Articles ,Phylogeny ,Molecular Epidemiology ,biology ,Whole Genome Sequencing ,Romanian ,Population size ,Public health ,phylogenomics ,Bayes Theorem ,General Medicine ,Genomics ,Moldova ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,language.human_language ,Eastern european ,Geography ,outbreaks ,Mutation ,language ,epidemiology ,Female ,Demography - Abstract
The evolution and emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) has been studied extensively in some contexts, but the ecological drivers of these two processes remain poorly understood. This study sought to describe the joint evolutionary and epidemiological histories of a novel multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain recently identified in the capital city of the Republic of Moldova (MDR Ural/4.2), where genomic surveillance of drug-resistant M. tuberculosis has been limited thus far. Using whole genome sequence data and Bayesian phylogenomic methods, we reconstruct the stepwise acquisition of drug resistance mutations in the MDR Ural/4.2 strain, estimate its historical bacterial population size over time, and infer the migration history of this strain between Eastern European countries. We infer that MDR Ural/4.2 likely evolved (via acquisition of rpoB S450L, which confers resistance to rifampin) in the early 1990s, during a period of social turmoil following Moldovan independence from the Soviet Union. This strain subsequently underwent substantial population size expansion in the early 2000s, at a time when national guidelines encouraged inpatient treatment of TB patients. We infer exportation of this strain and its isoniazid-resistant ancestral precursor from Moldova to neighbouring countries starting as early as 1985. Our findings suggest temporal and ecological associations between specific public health practices, including inpatient hospitalization of drug-resistant TB cases from the early 2000s until 2013, and the evolution of drug-resistant M. tuberculosis in Moldova. These findings underscore the need for regional coordination in TB control and expanded genomic surveillance efforts across Eastern Europe.
- Published
- 2021
33. E-079 Severe, intolerable fatigue associated with a hyper-response to clopidogrel
- Author
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D Bass, C Young, M Park, K Carroll, K Vanet, C Lee, R Sen, S Levy, C Kelly, L Kim, and M Levitt
- Subjects
Aspirin ,medicine.medical_specialty ,biology ,Side effect ,Nausea ,business.industry ,Anemia ,Retrospective cohort study ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Clopidogrel ,P2Y12 ,Vertigo ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,cardiovascular diseases ,medicine.symptom ,business ,circulatory and respiratory physiology ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Purpose and Background Clopidogrel is a commonly used antiplatelet for the prevention of thromboembolic complications following several types of neuroendovascular procedures. Its widespread use stems from its relatively low cost, good efficacy, and safety profile. However, concern has emerged for the possibility that clopidogrel may induce severe, intolerable fatigue in a small subset of patients. Thus, the purpose of this study is to systematically investigate this phenomenon and to better characterize the demographic at risk. Methods We performed a dual-institution, 9-year, retrospective study of patients undergoing dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin for neuroendovascular procedures. Patients were included only if their response to clopidogrel was assessed by a VerifyNow P2Y12 (VNP) assay, which measures platelet inhibition using P2Y12 reactivity units (PRU). A hyper-response to clopidogrel is defined by a PRU ≤ 60. Patients were considered to have had clopidogrel-induced severe fatigue if 1) the onset of severe, intolerable fatigue followed the initiation of clopidogrel, 2) fatigue resolved or improved following a reduction in the dose of clopidogrel, 3) no hemorrhagic event occurred while on clopidogrel, and 4) fatigue could not be attributed to any other medical explanation. Results Clinical and demographic data were collected on 348 patients across 2 separate institutions. Five patients (1.4%) were identified as having met criteria for clopidogrel-induced severe fatigue. All 5 patients were female, ages 39-68. In addition to severe fatigue, they suffered from headache, nausea, vertigo, and dyspnea. Each patient had been taking clopidogrel for at least one week prior to the onset of symptoms, and VNP assays obtained while the patients were experiencing their symptoms revealed hyper-responses to clopidogrel, with PRU between 0-22. Four of these patients initially had an appropriate response to clopidogrel, with a PRU > 60 immediately prior to the intervention, and they did not report fatigue until later. In response to the severe, intolerable fatigue, clopidogrel was reduced by half, resulting in resolution or improvement of symptoms in all 5 patients. However, VNP assays returned persistently low values (0-16 PRU). One patient developed anemia after her symptoms had already resolved, but no additional complications were reported during the course of their therapy. Notably, 30% of patients (n = 103) demonstrated a hyper-response to clopidogrel on at least one VNP assay, but the vast majority of these patients did not suffer from severe fatigue. The rate of hyper-responses was similar across institutions and across genders. Conclusions Severe, intolerable fatigue is a rare but clinically significant side effect of clopidogrel. It is associated with a hyper-response to therapy as determined by a PRU value ≤ 60 on a VNP assay, but it appears that inhibition of platelet aggregation is merely epiphenomenal. Symptoms develop after an initial loading period and respond well to decreasing the dosage of clopidogrel. Only women were affected in our study, but this gender effect may reflect a sample bias as most of our patients were women. Disclosures D. Bass: None. C. Young: None. M. Park: None. D. Bass: None. K. Carroll: None. K. Vanet: None. C. Lee: None. R. Sen: None. S. Levy: None. C. Kelly: None. L. Kim: None. M. Levitt: None.
- Published
- 2021
34. E-072 The relationship between cerebral vasospasm and herpesvirus reactivation after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
- Author
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Cory M. Kelly, M Erdoes, A Mohammed, S Levy, C Johnston, Melanie Walker, and Michael R. Levitt
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Cerebral vasospasm ,Subarachnoid hemorrhage ,business.industry ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Cardiology ,medicine.disease ,business - Published
- 2021
35. E-073 Clot bank collaborative registry protocol: Novel method for evaluating ischemic thrombus
- Author
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E Federico, S Levy, Michael R. Levitt, Christopher L. Dupont, Anna Edlund, G Tan, Melanie Walker, and Cory M. Kelly
- Subjects
Protocol (science) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine ,Radiology ,Thrombus ,medicine.disease ,business - Published
- 2021
36. Uterine Fibroids in Black Women: A Race-Stratified Subgroup Analysis of Treatment Outcomes After Laparoscopic Radiofrequency Ablation
- Author
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Linda D. Bradley, Barbara S. Levy, Jay M. Berman, and Soyini M. Hawkins
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Uterine fibroids ,Radiofrequency ablation ,Subgroup analysis ,Disease ,law.invention ,Race (biology) ,Quality of life ,law ,medicine ,Humans ,Black women ,Radiofrequency Ablation ,Uterine leiomyoma ,Leiomyoma ,Obstetrics ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,female genital diseases and pregnancy complications ,Treatment Outcome ,Uterine Neoplasms ,Quality of Life ,Female ,Laparoscopy ,business - Abstract
Background: The disease and treatment burden of uterine fibroids (UF) in Black women is substantially greater compared with other racial groups, with higher rates of complications and poorer outcom...
- Published
- 2021
37. Gadolinium is not necessary for surveillance MR imaging in children with chiasmatic‐hypothalamic low‐grade glioma
- Author
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Stephen F. Kralik, M. Fatih Okcu, Patricia Baxter, Guillermo Aldave Orzaiz, Fatema Malbari, Murali Chintagumpala, Alexis C. Wood, Holly Lindsay, Surya P. Rednam, Jack Su, Frank Y. Lin, William E. Whitehead, Nucharin Supakul, Adam S. Levy, Robert C. Dauser, and Arnold C. Paulino
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Radiography ,Gadolinium ,Contrast Media ,chemistry.chemical_element ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Glioma ,medicine ,Humans ,Child ,Retrospective Studies ,business.industry ,Brain ,Cancer ,Hematology ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Mr imaging ,Oncology ,chemistry ,Tumor progression ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Low-Grade Glioma ,Radiology ,business ,Progressive disease ,030215 immunology - Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chiasmatic-hypothalamic low-grade glioma (CHLGG) have frequent MRIs with gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) for disease monitoring. Cumulative gadolinium deposition in the brains of children is a potential concern. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether MRI with GBCA is necessary for determining radiographic tumor progression in children with CHLGG. METHODS Children who were treated for progressive CHLGG from 2005 to 2019 at Texas Children's Cancer Center were identified. Pre- and post-contrast MRI sequences were separately reviewed by one neuroradiologist who was blinded to the clinical course. Three dimensional measurements and tumor characteristics were evaluated. Radiographic progression was defined as a 25% increase in size (product of two largest dimensions) compared with baseline or best response after initiation of therapy. RESULTS A total of 28 patients with progressive CHLGG were identified with a total of 683 MRIs with GBCA reviewed (mean 24 MRIs/patient; range, 11-43 MRIs). Radiographic progression was observed 92 times, 91 (99%) on noncontrast and 90 (98%) on contrast imaging. Sixty-seven progressions necessitating management changes were identified in all (100%) noncontrast sequences and 66 (99%) contrast sequences. Tumor growth > 2 mm in any dimension was identified in 184/187 (98%) noncontrast and 181/187 (97%) with contrast imaging. Metastatic tumors were better visualized on contrast imaging in 4/7 (57%). CONCLUSION MRI without GBCA effectively identifies patients with progressive disease. When imaging children with CHLGG, eliminating GBCA should be considered unless monitoring patients with metastatic disease.
- Published
- 2021
38. A Call to Action: Preventing Opioid and Substance Abuse in South Florida Youth
- Author
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Michael J. Parker, Julie A. Jacko, Cathaerina Appadoo, Katherine P. Cohen, Solina Pierre-Gilles, Arkene S. Levy, François Sainfort, and Timothy F. Page
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Opioid-Related Disorders ,medicine.disease ,Call to action ,Opiate overdose ,Substance abuse ,Editorial ,Opioid ,Pandemic ,medicine ,Psychiatry ,business ,Earth-Surface Processes ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Description The opioid crisis poses a substantial threat to youth throughout the nation. This crisis has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, reversing some of the positive national trends in the fight against the opioid epidemic. Some risk factors for youth opioid use have been identified nationally. The South Florida tri-county region of Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach is a culturally distinct region which may not follow national trends and likely has unique risk and protective factors. To address the concerning spike in youth opioid use in South Florida, a community coalition was formed to identify factors unique to South Florida and create a plan for early awareness and prevention.
- Published
- 2021
39. Cannabis use outcomes by past-month binge drinking status in the general United States population
- Author
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Silvia S. Martins, Natalie S. Levy, and Sushupta M. Vijapur
- Subjects
Drug ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Population ,Binge drinking ,Toxicology ,Logistic regression ,Article ,Odds ,Binge Drinking ,Environmental health ,Prevalence ,Medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,education ,media_common ,Cannabis use disorder ,Cannabis ,Pharmacology ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,Ethanol ,business.industry ,Cannabis use ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,United States ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,business - Abstract
Cannabis use and binge drinking are increasingly common in the United States, yet little is known about cannabis use patterns among people who engage in binge drinking. This study explored the relationship between several cannabis use outcomes and past-month binge drinking status. Pooled 2015–2018 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health data (N = 226,632) were used to explore the hypothesis that binge drinking is associated with higher prevalence of cannabis outcomes. Cannabis outcomes included past-month and past-year use, daily/almost daily use, and past-year DSM-IV/DSM-5 cannabis use disorder (CUD). Covariates included age, gender, race, total income, and study year. Separate weighted multivariable logistic regressions assessed associations between binge drinking and each cannabis outcome and provided adjusted prevalences of cannabis outcomes by binge drinking status. Past-month binge drinking was positively associated with past-month (OR: 3.72, 95 %CI: 3.56–3.93) and past-year (OR: 3.90, 95 %CI: 3.74–4.06) cannabis use in adjusted regressions. The adjusted odds of DSM-IV and DSM-5 CUD among people who used cannabis were 15 % and 12 % higher among people who engaged in binge drinking than those who did not, respectively (OR: 1.15, 95 %CI: 1.05, 1.26 and OR: 1.12, 95 %CI: 1.03, 1.21). Conversely, the odds of past-month daily cannabis use among people who used cannabis and reported binge drinking was 18 % lower than those who did not (OR: 0.82, 95 %CI: 0.74, 0.91). Our findings provide evidence of associations between binge drinking and cannabis use. Future studies should explore associations between cannabis and other alcohol use behaviors, including heavy drinking, and simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use.
- Published
- 2021
40. Differences in perceptual assimilation following training
- Author
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Heather Kabakoff, Julia Kharlamenko, Susannah V. Levi, and Erika S. Levy
- Subjects
Speech Communication ,Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Speech sounds ,Contrast (statistics) ,Audiology ,Unimodal distribution ,Task (project management) ,Perceptual learning ,Perception ,Vowel ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,medicine ,Psychology ,Perceptual mapping ,media_common - Abstract
Learning to perceive non-native speech sounds is difficult for adults. One method to improve perception of non-native contrasts is through a distributional learning paradigm. Three groups of native-English listeners completed a perceptual assimilation task in which they mapped French vowels onto English vowel categories: Two groups (bimodal, unimodal distribution) completed a perceptual learning task for the French /œ/-/o/ contrast and a third completed no training. Both trained groups differed from the untrained group, but participants in the bimodal group showed a different perceptual mapping for the targeted /œ/ vowel, suggesting that the bimodal condition may maximize perception of non-native contrasts.
- Published
- 2021
41. GRACEfully assessing the timeline for noninfarct-related artery intervention in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients
- Author
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Jay Shah and Michael S. Levy
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Timeline ,General Medicine ,Arteries ,Coronary Artery Disease ,Text mining ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ,Treatment Outcome ,St elevation myocardial infarction ,Internal medicine ,Intervention (counseling) ,medicine ,Cardiology ,Humans ,ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Artery - Published
- 2021
42. Platelet Dynamics and Hemodynamics of Cerebral Aneurysms Treated with Flow-Diverting Stents
- Author
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Venkat Keshav Chivukula, Laurel Marsh, Louis J. Kim, Fanette Chassagne, Cory M. Kelly, Michael Barbour, S Levy, Michael R. Levitt, and Alberto Aliseda
- Subjects
Blood Platelets ,medicine.medical_specialty ,0206 medical engineering ,Flow (psychology) ,Biomedical Engineering ,Hemodynamics ,02 engineering and technology ,Models, Biological ,Article ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Shear stress ,Humans ,Computer Simulation ,Platelet ,cardiovascular diseases ,Platelet activation ,Thrombus ,business.industry ,Dynamics (mechanics) ,Intracranial Aneurysm ,medicine.disease ,020601 biomedical engineering ,Treatment efficacy ,cardiovascular system ,Cardiology ,Stents ,business - Abstract
Flow-diverting stents (FDS) are used to treat cerebral aneurysms. They promote the formation of a stable thrombus within the aneurysmal sac and, if successful, isolate the aneurysmal dome from mechanical stresses to prevent rupture. Platelet activation, a mechanism necessary for thrombus formation, is known to respond to biomechanical stimuli, particularly to the platelets’ residence time and shear stress exposure. Currently, there is no reliable method for predicting FDS treatment outcomes, either a priori or after the procedure. Eulerian computational fluid dynamic (CFD) studies of aneurysmal flow have searched for predictors of endovascular treatment outcome; however, the hemodynamics of thrombus formation cannot be fully understood without considering the platelets’ trajectories and their mechanics-triggered activation. Lagrangian analysis of the fluid mechanics in the aneurysmal vasculature provides novel metrics by tracking the platelets’ residence time (RT) and shear history (SH). Eulerian and Lagrangian parameters are compared for 19 patient-specific cases, both pre- and post-treatment, to assess the degree of change caused by the FDS and subsequent treatment efficacy.
- Published
- 2019
43. Parkinson’s disease-associated dysarthria: prevalence, impact and management strategies
- Author
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Gemma Moya-Galé and Erika S. Levy
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Dysarthria ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Parkinson's disease ,Polymers and Plastics ,business.industry ,Medicine ,Articulation Disorders ,medicine.symptom ,business ,medicine.disease ,Speech therapy ,General Environmental Science - Published
- 2019
44. Haptoglobin Phenotype Is Associated With High-Density Lipoprotein–Bound Hemoglobin Content and Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Mild Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease
- Author
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Amir Lerman, Rajiv Gulati, Nina S. Levy, Rabea Asleh, Hagit Goldenstein, Inbar Segol, Ayat Asleh, Andrew P. Levy, and Lilach O. Lerman
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Gene Dosage ,Coronary Disease ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Coronary artery disease ,Hemoglobins ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,High-density lipoprotein ,Risk Factors ,Coronary Circulation ,Gene Duplication ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Endothelial dysfunction ,Genetic Association Studies ,Aged ,Haptoglobins ,biology ,business.industry ,Haptoglobin ,Exons ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Acetylcholine ,Phenotype ,chemistry ,Vasoconstriction ,Cardiology ,biology.protein ,Female ,Endothelium, Vascular ,Hemoglobin ,Lipoproteins, HDL ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Pericardium ,Diabetic Angiopathies ,Oxidative stress ,Protein Binding ,Lipoprotein - Abstract
Objective— Coronary endothelial dysfunction (ED) is an early stage of atherosclerosis and is associated with impaired high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function. A functional polymorphism at the haptoglobin (Hp) gene locus (rs72294371) has been associated with marked differences in HDL structure and function. We sought to determine whether Hp phenotype was associated with coronary ED and whether the amount of hemoglobin (Hb) tethered to HDL via Hp was Hp-type dependent and associated with ED. Approach and Results— Microvascular and epicardial coronary endothelial function was assessed in 338 individuals with nonobstructive coronary artery disease. Microvascular ED was defined as P =0.01) and epicardial ED ( P =0.04) among DM individuals. There was a significant and inverse correlation between the amount of HDL-bound Hb and change in coronary blood flow (r=−0.40; P P P =0.03) and the amount of HDL-bound Hb was an independent predictor of both microvascular (odds ratio, 4.6 for each 1-SD increase; P P Conclusions— Hp phenotype is significantly associated with coronary ED in DM individuals. This association is likely related to increased Hb tethering to HDL via Hp 2-2 in DM.
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- 2019
45. B-Cell Deficiency Lowers Blood Pressure in Mice
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Filio Billia, Felix Chiu, Craig A. Simmons, Rickvinder Besla, Abdul Momen, Danny D. Dinh, Clinton S. Robbins, Luke S. Dingwell, Scott P. Heximer, Eric A. Shikatani, Rohan John, Jennifer L. Gommerman, Mansoor Husain, Talat Afroze, James W. Scholey, Steffen-Sebastian Bolz, Hangjun Zhang, Michelle B. Chen, and Andrew S. Levy
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Vascular smooth muscle ,Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ,Blood Pressure ,B-Cell Deficiency ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Mice ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myb ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Transcription factor ,Mice, Knockout ,B-Lymphocytes ,Kidney ,Chemistry ,Cell Differentiation ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Disease Models, Animal ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,Blood pressure ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Hypertension ,RNA - Abstract
The proto-oncogene c-myb (and corresponding nuclear transcription factor, c-Myb) regulates the proliferation and differentiation of hematologic and vascular smooth muscle cells; however, the role of c-Myb in blood pressure regulation is unknown. Here, we show that mice homozygous for a hypomorphic c-myb allele ( c-myb h/h ) conferring reduced c-Myb activity manifest reduced peripheral blood and kidney B220 + B-cells and have decreased systolic (104±2 versus 120±1 mm Hg; P P WT (wild type) mice. Additionally, c-myb h/h mice had lower susceptibility to deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt experimental hypertension. Although cardiac (echocardiography) and resistance artery (perfusion myography) functions were normal, metabolic cage studies revealed that c-myb h/h mice had increased 24-hour urine output and sodium excretion versus WT . Reconstitution of WT mice with c-myb h/h bone marrow transplant and chimeric bone marrow transplant using mice lacking B-cells ( J H T ; h/h>WT and h/h:J H T>WT , respectively) decreased blood pressure and increased 24-hour urine output compared with controls ( WT>WT ; WT:J H T>WT ). J H T mice also had decreased systolic (103±2 versus 115±1 mm Hg; P P WT . Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction of kidney medulla revealed reduced V 2 R (vasopressin receptor 2) expression in c-myb h/h and J H T mice. These data implicate B-cells in the regulation of V 2 R and its associated effects on salt and water handling and blood pressure homeostasis.
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- 2019
46. The Predictive Value of Post-Treatment PET-CT Imaging for Patients With Curable Anal Canal Cancer
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S. Dooley, Aaron H. Wolfson, M S Levy, Deukwoo Kwon, Derek Isrow, J Wang, L Palacio Uribe, Lorraine Portelance, G. Azzam, N.S. Khakoo, and Russ Kuker
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Cancer Research ,Radiation ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Anal canal ,medicine.disease ,Primary tumor ,Evaluable Patient ,Confidence interval ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Oncology ,Positron emission tomography ,Statistical significance ,Carcinoma ,medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Stage (cooking) ,business ,Nuclear medicine - Abstract
Purpose/objective(s) According to 2020 "NCCN" guidelines, post-treatment positron emission tomography (PET) - computed tomography (CT) imaging of the body is not recommended to predict outcomes of patients undergoing curative intent chemoradiation therapy (CRT) for anal canal cancer. This study used PERCIST (Positron Emission tomography Response Criteria In Solid Tumors) to evaluate CRT response and outcomes for our patient population at a single institution. Materials/methods Our "IRB"-approved anal canal database was queried for patients who have undergone CRT, modified "NIGRO" protocol, for carcinoma of the anal canal. The evaluable patient dataset comprised those with both pre- and post-CRT PET-CT imaging of the body. The primary study endpoint was relapse-free survival (RFS) calculated from date of diagnosis to date of first known appearance of disease or death from any cause. Overall survival (OS) was defined using elapsed time between date of diagnosis and date of death and surviving patients were censored using date of last follow-up. Also, the range and median time to first post-CRT PET-CT imaging was determined. RFS and OS were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method. Complete response rate (CRR) and objective response rate (ORR) were calculated along with 95% confidence intervals using Fisher's exact method. All tests were two-sided, and statistical significance was considered when P Results Out of an initial 392 patients in our database registry, 62 had pre/post-CRT PET-CT imaging from June 2008 until May 2020. There were 18 males and 44 females. The median age at diagnosis was 57.7 years (range: 38-84 years). "AJCC" (7th edition) staging distribution was as follows: 3 Stage I, 13 Stage II, 41 Stage III, and 5 Stage IV. The median total dose of external beam irradiation was 54 Gy (range: 45-60 Gy). Time to post-CRT PET-CT imaging ranged from 0.2 to 27.8 months (mos) [median: 2.9 mos]. Respective PET-response rates regarding primary tumor (N = 62); largest groin node (N = 33); and largest pelvic node (N = 39) were as follows: 31 CR (Complete Response), 26 PR (Partial Response), 5 SD (Stable Disease), and 0 DP (Disease Progression); 30 CR, 3 PR, 0 SD, 0 DP; and 36 CR, 1 PR, 2 SD, 0 DP. Patient follow-up ranged from 6.8 to 114 mos (median: 38.6 mos). At time of last follow-up, there were 53 alive and 9 dead. Estimated 3-year RFS was 72% (95% "CI": 58.2-81.9%). Estimated 3-year OS was 88.8% (95% CI: 76.6-94.9%). Respective CRRs and ORRs for the primary tumor were 50% (95% CI = 37-63%) and 91.9% (95% CI = 82.2-97.3%); for the groin node 48.4% (95% CI = 35.5-61.4%) and 53.2% (95% CI = 40.1-66%); and for the pelvic node 58.1% (95% CI = 44.8-70.5%) and 59.7% (95% CI = 46.4-71.9%). CRRs and ORRs were not significant prognostic factors for either RFS or OS. Conclusion After applying PERCIST to our institutional study cohort, the use of post-treatment PET-CT imaging to predict outcomes for this patient population remains unproven.
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- 2021
47. Perceptual and Acoustic Effects of Dual-Focus Speech Treatment in Children With Dysarthria
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Erika S. Levy, Kyung Hae Hwang, Younghwa M. Chang, and Megan J. McAuliffe
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Adult ,Linguistics and Language ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Population ,Intelligibility (communication) ,Audiology ,Language and Linguistics ,Speech Acoustics ,Cerebral palsy ,Speech and Hearing ,Dysarthria ,Speech therapy ,Speech Production Measurement ,Vowel ,medicine ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,Articulation disorders in children ,Humans ,education ,education.field_of_study ,Speech Intelligibility ,Acoustics ,medicine.disease ,Articulation disorders in children--Treatment ,Formant ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology - Abstract
Purpose Children with dysarthria secondary to cerebral palsy may experience reduced speech intelligibility and diminished communicative participation. However, minimal research has been conducted examining the outcomes of behavioral speech treatments in this population. This study examined the effect of Speech Intelligibility Treatment (SIT), a dual-focus speech treatment targeting increased articulatory excursion and vocal intensity, on intelligibility of narrative speech, speech acoustics, and communicative participation in children with dysarthria. Method American English–speaking children with dysarthria ( n = 17) received SIT in a 3-week summer camplike setting at Columbia University. SIT follows motor-learning principles to train the child-friendly, dual-focus strategy, “Speak with your big mouth and strong voice.” Children produced a story narrative at baseline, immediate posttreatment (POST), and at 6-week follow-up (FUP). Outcomes were examined via blinded listener ratings of ease of understanding ( n = 108 adult listeners), acoustic analyses, and questionnaires focused on communicative participation. Results SIT resulted in significant increases in ease of understanding at POST, that were maintained at FUP. There were no significant changes to vocal intensity, speech rate, or vowel spectral characteristics, with the exception of an increase in second formant difference between vowels following SIT. Significantly enhanced communicative participation was evident at POST and FUP. Considerable variability in response to SIT was observed between children . Conclusions Dual-focus treatment shows promise for improving intelligibility and communicative participation in children with dysarthria, although responses to treatment vary considerably across children. Possible mechanisms underlying the intelligibility gains, enhanced communicative participation, and variability in treatment effects are discussed.
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- 2021
48. Temozolomide with irinotecan versus temozolomide, irinotecan plus bevacizumab for recurrent medulloblastoma of childhood: Report of a COG randomized Phase II screening trial
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Maryam Fouladi, Linda Springer, Adam S. Levy, Doojduen Villaluna, Susan N. Chi, Chris Williams-Hughes, Amar Gajjar, and Mark Krailo
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Bevacizumab ,Irinotecan ,Gastroenterology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Refractory ,Internal medicine ,Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ,medicine ,Temozolomide ,Humans ,Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive ,Child ,Medulloblastoma ,business.industry ,Brain Neoplasms ,Hazard ratio ,Hematology ,Recurrent Medulloblastoma ,medicine.disease ,Regimen ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,business ,030215 immunology ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background Approximately 30% of children with medulloblastoma (MB) experience recurrence, which is usually incurable. This study compared the overall survival (OS) of patients receiving temozolomide (TMZ) and irinotecan with that of patients receiving TMZ, irinotecan, and bevacizumab for recurrent MB/central nervous system (CNS) primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET). Methods Patients with relapsed/refractory MB or CNS PNET were randomly assigned to receive TMZ (150 mg/m2 /day PO on days 1-5) and irinotecan (50 mg/m2 /day IV on days 1-5) with or without bevacizumab (10 mg/kg IV on days 1 and 15). Results One hundred five patients were eligible and treated on study. Median OS was 13 months in the standard arm and 19 months with the addition of bevacizumab; median event-free survival (EFS) was 6 months in the standard arm and 9 months with the addition of bevacizumab. The hazard ratio for death from the stratified relative-risk regression model is 0.63. Overall, 23 patients completed 12 courses of planned protocol therapy, 23% (12/52) in the experimental arm with bevacizumab versus 21% (11/53) in the standard arm. Toxicity profiles were comparable in both treatment arms. The estimate of the incidence of feasibility events associated with the bevacizumab arm is three of 52 (5.8%) (95% CI 1.2-16%). Events included myelosuppression, electrolyte abnormalities, diarrhea, and elevated transaminases. One intracranial hemorrhage event was observed in each arm. Conclusion The addition of bevacizumab to TMZ/irinotecan significantly reduced the risk of death in children with recurrent MB. The combination was relatively well tolerated in this heavily pretreated cohort. The three-drug regimen demonstrated a sufficient risk reduction to warrant further investigation.
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- 2021
49. Multi-Immune Agonist Nanoparticle Therapy Stimulates Type I Interferons to Activate Antigen-Presenting Cells and Induce Antigen-Specific Antitumor Immunity
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Tejal A. Desai, Lawrence Fong, Ryan Chang, Miqdad O. Dhariwala, Colin R. Zamecnik, and Elizabeth S. Levy
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medicine.medical_treatment ,T-Lymphocytes ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Antigen-Presenting Cells ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,02 engineering and technology ,Adaptive Immunity ,030226 pharmacology & pharmacy ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,Cancer immunotherapy ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Neoplasms ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Tumor Microenvironment ,Animals ,Antigen-presenting cell ,Tumor microenvironment ,Innate immune system ,business.industry ,TLR9 ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Acquired immune system ,Immunity, Innate ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Interferon Type I ,Cancer research ,Systemic administration ,bacteria ,Molecular Medicine ,Nanoparticles ,Female ,Immunotherapy ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
Cancer immunity is mediated by a delicate orchestration between the innate and adaptive immune system both systemically and within the tumor microenvironment. Although several adaptive immunity molecular targets have been proven clinically efficacious, stand-alone innate immunity targeting agents have not been successful in the clinic. Here, we report a nanoparticle optimized for systemic administration that combines immune agonists for TLR9, STING, and RIG-I with a melanoma-specific peptide to induce antitumor immunity. These immune agonistic nanoparticles (iaNPs) significantly enhance the activation of antigen-presenting cells to orchestrate the development and response of melanoma-sensitized T-cells. iaNP treatment not only suppressed tumor growth in an orthotopic solid tumor model, but also significantly reduced tumor burden in a metastatic animal model. This combination biomaterial-based approach to coordinate innate and adaptive anticancer immunity provides further insights into the benefits of stimulating multiple activation pathways to promote tumor regression, while also offering an important platform to effectively and safely deliver combination immunotherapies for cancer.
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- 2021
50. Evolving the Preconception Health Framework: A Call for Reproductive and Sexual Health Equity
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Monica Simpson, Aletha Y. Akers, Sonya Borrero, Kiko Malin, Michael C. Lu, Miriam Kuppermann, Jamie Hart, Joia Crear-Perry, Lisa S. Callegari, Miriam Yeung, Sarah Verbiest, Anu Manchikanti Gomez, Laura Jimenez, Christine Dehlendorf, Barbara S. Levy, and Denicia Cadena
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Reproductive health and childbirth ,Basic Behavioral and Social Science ,Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Social Justice ,Health care ,Behavioral and Social Science ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Social determinants of health ,Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine ,Reproductive health ,Peace ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,Health Equity ,business.industry ,Public health ,Contraception/Reproduction ,Equity (finance) ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Social environment ,Public relations ,Reproductive justice ,Justice and Strong Institutions ,Call to action ,Reproductive Health ,Good Health and Well Being ,Personal Autonomy ,Preconception Care ,Sexual Health ,business - Abstract
Over the past decade, increasing attention has been paid to intervening in individuals' health in the "preconception" period as an approach to optimizing pregnancy outcomes. Increasing attention to the structural and social determinants of health and to the need to prioritize reproductive autonomy has underscored the need to evolve the preconception health framework to center race equity and to engage with the historical and social context in which reproduction and reproductive health care occur. In this commentary, we describe the results of a meeting with a multidisciplinary group of maternal and child health experts, reproductive health researchers and practitioners, and Reproductive Justice leaders to define a new approach for clinical and public health systems to engage with the health of nonpregnant people. We describe a novel "Reproductive and Sexual Health Equity" framework, defined as an approach to comprehensively meet people's reproductive and sexual health needs, with explicit attention to structural influences on health and health care and grounded in a desire to achieve the highest level of health for all people and address inequities in health outcomes. Principles of the framework include centering the needs of and redistributing power to communities, having clinical and public health systems acknowledge historical and ongoing harms related to reproductive and sexual health, and addressing root causes of inequities. We conclude with a call to action for a multisectoral effort centered in equity to advance reproductive and sexual health across the reproductive life course.
- Published
- 2021
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