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Heavy metal removal from wastewater has become a major environmental concern around the world. The performance of a chitosan-oligosaccharide-based hybrid (chitosan oligosaccharide (COS)/Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/Kaolin clay (KC) ternary blend material prepared in the presence of Glutaraldehyde (Glu) ternary blend material for the adsorptive removal of lead (Pb) from waterwaste was investigated in this study. The structure of COS with amine and hydroxyl groups helps to remove Pb ions. FTIR and X-Ray diffraction were used to characterize of COS/CMC/KC + Glu blend. The removal of ions was assessed using batch adsorption studies, which varied parameters such as the influence of beginning concentration, adsorbent dose, and contact time. The elimination of Pb ions by adsorption was pH-dependent, with a maximum at pH 5. The favorability of the reported experimental values was validated using several theoretical models such as Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms, pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetics. The Langmuir isotherm and pseudosecond-order best fitted for the adsorption.

COVID-19 is a pathogenic virus that caused a pandemic outbreak in December 2019. The impact of this virus may be severe in the patients having co-morbidities like diabetes, hypertension, Chronic Kidney Disease, cardiovascular disease, etc. Aim and Objectives: This study Aims in Assessing the impact of COVID-19 on Diabetic and Hypertensive patients as well as COVID-19 patients without any co-morbidities. Objective of this is to evaluate the association between COVID-19 and its risk factors (diabetes and hypertension) and to evaluate whether the severity of the symptoms in COVID-19 patients is due to comorbidities or past medications. Methodology: A Retrospective study was conducted in SRM Hospital (Medical Records Department) for a period of 3 Months with the study population 670 at the age group of 25, known case of Diabetes and Hypertension. Cases of Pregnant women are excluded from the study. The patients were grouped into 4 categories 1) control group (patient without any co-morbidities) 2) diabetic patients 3) Hypertensive patient 4) Diabetic+Hypertension patient and studied their prescribing pattern by collecting the past medication history. Results and Discussion: There is a significant decrease in a lymphocyte in covid-19 Type 2 diabetic patients in our study. These results suggest that different mechanism exists for hypertension and diabetes mellitus as risk factors for covid-19. It is also known that these patients have impaired immune response to many infections [30]. In our retrospective study, we collected 670 covid-19 cases. It consists of 12.5% of diabetic patients and 6.6% of hypertensive patients. This study compared COVID-19 patients without any comorbidity (neither Type 2 diabetes mellitus nor hypertension) with covid- 19 patients with comorbidities (Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension). COVID-19 patients with T2DM have an increased level of D-dimer compared to non-T2DM patients. Conclusion: Diabetic and hypertensive patients affected with COVID-19 are low in our study. Out of the total study population, only 12.5% are diabetic, 6.56% are hypertensive, and 9.25% were both diabetic and hypertensive. But when comparing in terms of severity, hypertensive and diabetic patients have severe effects than the control patients. In simpler terms, not every person who has diabetes and hypertension are affected with COVID-19, but those who were affected by COVID-19 showed more severity than the patients who don't have any comorbidities

Osteoarthritis (Acute knee joint pain) is a major health problem in the world. This investigation to assess the impact of lightweight stroking knead with effective sesame oil on torment seriousness of patients with knee joint agony. The main aim to determine the effectiveness of light pressure stroking massage with sesame oil on alleviating acute knee joint pain among elderly adults. (Age, Sex, Religion, Marital status, Educational status, Diet habit, Exercise, Body mass index). A pre-test was conducted to assess the WOMAC scale was managed to evaluate the level of pain. A back rub with sesame oil was applied 3weeks period. A post-test was led to evaluate the adequacy of the intercession. The knee pain level was surveyed by Western Ontario MAC Master Scale. The discoveries were most of the older grown-up individuals 46.7% had moderate pain, 10% had moderate pain, 31.7% had serious pain, 11.6% had extreme pain. After the back rub with sesame oil the knee pain level was diminished to 26.7% had mild pain, 40% had moderate pain, 25% had serious pain, 3% had extreme pain. The finding of the examination uncovered that knead with sesame oil for Knee joint pain was compelling in a huge decrease of the knee joint pain level at the degree of p

To assess dry eye symptoms (DES) and quality of sleep in engineering students during the Covid19 pandemic lockdown and also to assess the association between DES and sleep quality. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was carried out among 396 engineering students studying in Saveetha engineering college. The study tool used was a semi-structured google form questionnaire designed for assessing digital device usage, symptoms of dry eye disease and sleep pattern. Responses were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Overall 64.1% attained a score of more than 10, indicating the presence of DES. 70.2% of the study population used digital screens for more than 13 hours. A statistically significant association was found between increased screen time and presence of DES(p18 indicating reduced sleep quality. About 77.1% of the students with DES had reduced sleep quality, and a significant association (p

The lockdown prevailing due to the pandemic has led to complete inaccessi-bility of any dental clinics even at times of emergency Hence, dental patients are now resorting to home remedies to relieve their toothache The main aim of this study is to know home remedies for patients suffering from mild dental pain during this lockdown condition and to spread possible remedies they can do at home itself rather than moving out of the house A total of about 50 people were taken in this study where the questionnaires were spread among dentists, Ayurveda health care professionals, pharmaceutical workers, medical doctors, and practicing students The questionnaires were framed and distributed through Google forms The results were collected and then analysed through SPSS software Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out and chi square test was used and p value was calculated From the survey, it is seen that salt water is mostly suggested by health care professionals for dental pain as home remedies Henceforth it can be advised to be taken by the patients suffering from mild dental pain in this lockdown © 2020, J K Welfare and Pharmascope Foundation All rights reserved

A field experiment was conducted to study the influence of fertilizer management and chemical nipping on the yield of horsegram during rabi 2019-20. The treatment consist of three levels of Fertilitizer management [100% Recommended Dose of Fertilizer (RDF), 100% RDF + TNAU Micronutient (MN) mixture 5 kg / ha as Enriched Farm Yard Manure (EFYM), Farmers practice] and four levels of chemical nipping [chlormequat chloride 250 ppm @ 40 DAS, chlormequat chloride 250 ppm @ 50 DAS, chlormequat chloride 250 ppm @ 40 DAS & 50 DAS, No nipping] thereby making 12 treatment combinations replicated thrice in factorial randomized block design. The physiological traits viz., Proline and Relative water content were recorded. Proline and relative water content was found to be higher in 100% RDF along with TNAU MN mixture 5 kg/ha as Enriched FYM and chlormequat chloride 250 ppm @ 40 & 50 DAS which ultimately helps plant to withstand in drought and improve the yield.

Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious infectious disease which lead to a global pandemic. This virus attacks the small blood vessels, endothelial linings and lead to impaired blood flow and vessel malfunctioning's in various organs. This explains the reason why the high vulnerability patient population is those with comorbidities like hypertension, diabetes, COPD, obesity and cardiovascular diseases. The objective of the study was to compare the rates of recovery in the comorbid Covid-19 patient population when compared to those without comorbidities by evaluating their CT Chest - Score, RT- PCR, duration of hospitalization and thereby assess if the quality of life was compromised. A Prospective Observational Study was conducted for a period of 4 months with over 400 laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 patients. Out of the 400 patients, considering the exclusion and inclusion criteria 191 moderately ill covid-19 patients with or without comorbidities were included in the study. The severity of the patients was assessed based on the CT- Chest Score and COVID-19 RT-PCR reports. Various other complications faced by comorbid patients when compared to patients with nil comorbidities were also investigated. In our study among the underlying comorbidities, the most common were DM (40.11%), HTN (35.32 %), CAD (7.78 %), COPD (6.58 %), CKD (5.38 %) and then hypothyroidism (4.79 %). Our study also concluded that the percentage of patients with a comorbid condition was higher (59.68%) than those without a comorbid condition (40.31%). The mean reduction in CT-Score in the comorbid and nil-comorbid was found to be 9.38 ± 2.85 and 7.08 ± 2.89. The mean reduction in hospital stay in the comorbid and nil comorbid group was found to be 9.50 ± 2.34 and 8.08 ± 1.71. The mean reduction in RT-PCR was 10.04 ± 2.95 and 7.44 ± 2.33 in the comorbid and nil comorbid group respectively. Therefore, the RT-PCT, duration of hospital stay and CTChest Score showed a statistical si

Breast cancer is the second prevalent type of cancer among women. Breast Ultrasound (BUS) imaging is one of the most frequently used diagnostic tools to detect and classify abnormalities in the breast. To improve the diagnostic accuracy, Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system is helpful for breast cancer detection and classification. Normally, a CAD system consists of four stages: pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. In this chapter, the pre-processing step includes speckle noise removal using Speckle Reducing Anisotropic Diffusion (SRAD). The goal of segmentation is to locate the Region of Interest (ROI) and Active contour-based segmentation is used in this work. The texture features are extracted and fed to a classifier to categorize the images as Normal, Benign and Malignant. In this work three classifiers namely K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm, Decision tree algorithm and Random Forest classifier are used and the performance is compared based on the accuracy of classification.

Early detection of any disease assists in reduction of disease progression. In this work, discrimination of the thyroid nodules is studied by employing deep learning architectures. Deep learning algorithm mimics the function of the human cerebral cortex. Thyroid nodule classification is done using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). It is observed that early detection of any disease will help to reduce the risk of death. In CNN, the output of the input layer is fed the convolutional layer followed by ReLU layer and Max pooling layer and the images are classified into Benign (TI-RADS 2, TI-RADS 3, TI-RADS 4a) and Malignant (TI-RADS 4b, TI-RADS 5, TI-RADS 6). The performance of CNN is compared with the pre-trained networks such as Alexnet, VGG-19 and Resnet-50 using transfer learning. The CNN outperformed the pre-trained networks with an accuracy of 99.17%, sensitivity of 0.98, precision of 0.97 and F1 score of 1.

Background: Johne’s disease (JD) is a chronic, economically important disease of domestic ruminants. Continuous efforts are being made to develop a potent vaccine for JD which confer a longer immunity. The present study was aimed at developing chitosan nanoparticles coupled JD vaccine and assess its efficacy. Methods: Potency of a heat killed, chitosan nanoparticle coupled JD vaccine developed with an Indian isolate of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP) was tested in 107 goats. Pre and post immunization blood samples were collected at different time points and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used for assessing IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10 and IL-12 gene expressions. Immunized animals were challenged with a field isolate of MAP and the immune response was assessed. Result: Immunized goats were safe with no untoward reactions. Cytokine gene expression studies indicated a good Th1 response during 3-14 wk post immunization. The initial Th1 response was followed by a good Th2 response with a better IL-10 response than the IFN-γ and IL-2 responses in vaccinated animals at 23 wk PI. Both Th1 and Th2 responses were significantly higher in immunized animals at 23 and 34 weeks post challenge indicating a protective immune response.

Hearing loss is often associated with poor performance and incident dementia that leads to reduced social engagements, loneliness, and depression. Hearing aids are a solution for hearing loss. Traditional Hearing aids are an electroacoustic device that blocks noise and enhances target sound out of a multi-source mixture. In some cases when the source objects are devices such as mobiles, laptops, or television a higher distortion happens when the traditional hearing aid amplifies the multi-source mixture which leads the wearer unable to extract the exact information conveyed. This paper proposes a smart internet of things based hearing aid which is cost-effective, reliable, and secured. The smart hearing aid compounds the properties of system on- chip property of micro-controllers which allows the user to connect the internet of things based device directly to the hearing aid, therefore, limiting the multi-source mixture. The micro-controller is equipped with an advance digital signal processor that helps in the separation of acoustic sounds and functions more enhanced compared to the traditional ear aids commercially produced.

Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) programs are becoming an increasingly popular trend in clinical practice as they offer several benefits to both patients and health-care setups. While OPAT is an established clinical practice in the Western world, the concept itself is alien to patients in India as they prefer the security of hospitals to receive antibiotics over OPAT. We evaluated the clinical response and cost comparison of ertapenem under OPAT versus inpatient settings in patients with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-positive acute pyelonephritis (APN) given the increasing importance of optimizing both hospital beds and overall cost of patient care in India. APN was chosen as the indication to be studied as it is one of the common complicated urinary tract infections treated in our OPAT unit requiring 10-14 days of parenteral therapy with an agent active against various Gram-negative bacilli and multidrug-resistant organisms. One hundred patients were retrospectively studied based on whether antibiotics were administered during hospital stay alone (hospital only), during both hospital stay, and also as OPAT post discharge (hospital/OPAT) or as OPAT alone (OPAT only). Response to ertapenem and cost of treatment in inpatient versus OPAT settings were compared using Pearson's Chi-square or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. ANOVA (or Kruskal-Wallis) was used for continuous variables. Baseline urine cultures were ESBL positive with 98% prevalence of Gram-negative bacilli (GNB). Colony counts were ≥100,000 in 74% patients. Only ertapenem, imipenem, and meropenem showed 100% sensitivity to ESBL-positive GNB in baseline urine culture and sensitivity reports. Ertapenem showed 100% sensitivity and complete clinical resolution for 96% patients with APN due to ESBL Enterobacteriaceae. It was administered as OPAT in 90% patients and significantly reduced overall treatment costs.

The purpose of this article is to know more about the rapid maxillary expander. It produces significant changes in the maxillary arch. RME has fundamental effect on the dentofacial structures which results in major change occurring in the basal structures of the maxilla. The concept of maxillary expansion has also been extended to the nasal cavity. Early orthodontic treatment with RME is able to reduce the symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. This technique is more suited for younger patients and faster duration of action.

In the existing methods the epilepsy was analysed using the PPG, EEG, ECG. The output obtained from the two different signals were analysed and found that the signal obtained while using ECG wearable sensor was more accurate and reliable when compared to the result obtained while using PPG. The main drawback while using EEG signal is the placement of wet scalp electrodes. Hence heart rate is used to analyse epilepsy in the proposed methodin order to obtain accurate and reliable result. In this method analysing the heart rate signal of the patient and epilepsy death rate prediction are two main goals of the project. The biomedical sensors and wearable sensors currently available in the market was studied. Sensors like EEG, ECG, PPG characteristics, and their working were studied completely. In this paper, we have not used any biomedical sensors or wearable sensors. For the heart rate signal, the dataset from the “fitbase” website was collected. Heart rate data collection per minute average heartbeat of the person. heart rate signal data length was 12,000 But only 90 samples were used for ensemble averaging. Not only the heart rate of the signal the epilepsy was also focussed. The epilepsy death rate data from the Statista. Epilepsy data contains year and death for future prediction; a linear regression algorithm was used.

The adipokine, leptin exerts inhibitory effect on both spontaneous and oxytocin-induced contractions in myometrium. However, the mechanisms involved in leptin-induced effect are not clear. In the present study, we studied the altered characteristics of uterine contractions in the presence of leptin and the possible mechanisms of its effect in late pregnant (18.5 day) mouse uterus. We conducted functional, biochemical and molecular biology studies to demonstrate the mechanism of leptin-induced response. Leptin exerted an inhibitory response (Emax 40.5 ± 3.99%) on basal uterine contractions. The extent of inhibition was less than that obtained with known uterine relaxants, salbutamol (Emax103 ± 8.66%) and BRL-37344 (Emax 84.79 ± 8.12%). Leptin-induced uterine response was inhibited by leptin receptor antagonist SHLA and JAK-STAT pathway inhibitor, AG-490. The relaxant response was also subdued by NO-cGMP-PK-G pathway blockers L-NAME, 1400W, ODQ and KT-5823. Further, leptin enhanced the levels of NO and cGMP in uterine tissues. Also, SHLA, AG-490 and a combination of 1400 W and L-NAME prevented leptin-induced increase in NO. Similar effect was observed on cGMP levels in presence of leptin and SHLA. However, leptin did not influence CaCl2-induced response in potassium-depolarized tissues. We also detected leptin receptor protein in late pregnant mouse uterus located in endometrial luminal epithelium and myometrial layers. Real-time PCR studies revealed significantly higher expression of short forms of the receptor (ObRa and ObRc) in comparison to the long form (ObRb). In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that leptin inhibits mouse uterine contraction by stimulating short forms of the leptin receptors and activating NO pathway in a JAK-STAT-dependent manner.

Identification of breast cancer plays a major role in medical field nowadays. Women are facing different types of cancer and one among them is breast cancer which has severe impact. Breast cancer is of two types i.e. Malign or Benign type. Benign is given as a non-curable type of cancer and Malign is given as curable type of cancer. Breast cancer is symbolized by the modification of genes, persistent pain, changes in the measurement, change in shade(redness),skin appearance of breasts. In the early days of identifying breast cancer is done by using different algorithms namely Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm,K Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm, MLP algorithm, etc., By using these algorithms the accuracy of detecting the cancer is not met the extend. Our idea is to detect the breast cancer using Decision Tree algorithm. The decision tree algorithm comes under the supervised learning technique. Our idea is to detect the breast cancer using Decision Tree algorithm. The tree algorithm comes under the supervised learning technique. The main advantage of this decision tree algorithm is identifying whether the predicted cancer is either malign or benign type by producing an 99% accuracy.

Currently angiogram is the golden standard methodology used for evaluating coronary artery disease (CAD). CAD helps the physician to assess percentage of stenosis or block in blood vessel. The density of the contrast agent that passes through blood is different along the blood vessel. So to calculate the density variation, a quantitative method is used. This helps to determine the percentage of stenosis. Frames of images are extracted from the angiogram and Region of Interest (ROI) are segmented from each frame. Length and diameter of segmented blood vessel is calculated. Neural network classifier is used for determining stenosis percentage based on statistical parameters. Also the dye density along the blood vessel is calculated using volume information. The severity of stenosis is determined based on the density of dye at different blood vessel segments.

The electrodeposition of Ni–Co–Sn alloy were carried out at room temperature from the chlorine chloride (ChCl)–ethylene glycol (EG) deep eutectic solvent (DES). For comparison of properties, Ni–Sn and Co–Sn alloys were also deposited using the same solvent. Deposition mechanism, microstructure, and electrochemical properties of the deposits in 1 M KOH solution were investigated. The deposition of Ni, Co, Sn, Ni–Sn, Co–Sn and Ni–Co–Sn on platinum electrode were also studied using cyclic voltammetry. Interestingly, the electrochemical stability of DES is observed to be increased in the presence of Sn2+ ions. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed only Ni phases indicating that the other elements get incorporated inside the nickel matrix and the lattice constant have linear relation with Sn content in alloy. The morphologies of Ni–Sn and Ni–Co–Sn alloys were observed to be almost same with fine grains, the XRD studies confirm this. The potentiodynamic polarization measurements showed that the Ni–Co–Sn alloy exhibits the lowest corrosion current density (jcorr), noblest corrosion potential (Ecorr) and highest exchange current density (jc) value than the other two binary alloys, indicating that the ternary alloy is a good candidate for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER).

Analysis of blood substances such as glucose, hemoglobin, protein, etc. are important parameters for health condition monitoring. The method proposed here uses a couple of photo-plethysmo-graphic (PPG) signal obtained from finger by using two monochromatic light at 660nm (Red) and 940nm (IR) to measure hemoglobin non-invasively. An empirical equation for the calculation of hemoglobin content in blood is used here with well-known extinction coefficient of hemoglobin. Non-invasive measurement is much more interesting by its evident advantages such as real time monitoring. The hemoglobin is measured non-invasively and compared with the values from Massimo device. This investigation helps to rule out the diseases like anemia (low Hb level) and polycythemia (high Hb level).

We report the detailed gross, histopathological and immunohistochemical study of Strobilocercus fasciolaris infection, the metacestodal stage of Taenia taeniaeformis , in the liver of laboratory Wistar rats. Necropsy examination of seventeen rats revealed transparent or white or cream to clear, thick walled cysts, 1 to 97 in number, measuring about 2 mm to 12 mm on one or many of the liver lobes and containing strobilocercus of Taenia taeniaeformis . Histopathological examination revealed the presence of the cross-section of larva surrounded by a thick fibrous capsule and moderate infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells and a few eosinophils. Fatty degeneration of hepatocytes, gastric mucosal hyperplasia, distended gastric glands and marked increase in the mucosal epithelial cells and goblet cells in the duodenum were also observed. Contamination of feed and bedding materials seems to be the probable source in these naturally infected rats.

Traumatic injuries are often encountered most commonly in maxillary anterior teeth and often require immediate attention. One of the treatment options is reattachment of the intact tooth fragment. In the present case report, the patient had complex fracture in maxillary central and canine. We have used one of the least invasive methods for reattachment of the tooth fragment which is ultraconservative and restores the original contour and esthetics of the tooth. Furthermore, if the reattachment procedure had not been followed, it would have led to the loss of the maxillary canine and compromised the crown root ration severely for the permanent prosthesis.

The purpose of this review is to assess the efficacy of different irrigating solutions in the removal of the smear layer from the root canal. Irrigating solutions are used in root canal treatment for the removal of the infected tissue which may still be present especially in the accessory canals. There are other uses for irrigating solutions like anti microbial property and lubrication. The removal of smear layer is vital for the adaptation of the obturation material to the root canal walls and the prevention of reinfection as some micro organisms penetrate deeper into the dentinal tubules. The most commonly used irrigating solution in day to day use are sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine gluconate which are said to have very good anti microbial efficacy but inefficiency in the removal of smear layer. This review focuses on the establishment of irrigants in the removal of smear layer and its use in routine procedures.

Digital India project is launched order to remodel India into a complete digitally empowered nation by making the nation digitally literate. The digital India concept focuses on clean digitization of data on the way to help in making matters much more green and fast in the future. It will reduce paper work, save man energy and save time also. The success of digital India project will depend upon the benefits accrued to people when it is executed completely. If India is proficient to sustain its digital revolution, it's not only going to simply improve the lives of its billion-plus people, but it'll also benefit the globe at huge.. Presently, only three hundred million of India's 1.25 billion people are digitally connected, around a half of them via cell phones. Rural access and usage is quite depressing. All these gaps will be converted into possibilities for big corporations and for creating a large number of entrepreneurs because the digital revolution needs improvements and development of several of applications. This paper discusses about the digital India campaign as whole along with its advantages and disadvantages among rural people in Tamil Nadu.

PRMT5 is a typical type II methyltransferase, transferring two methyl groups to arginine, leading to symmetric dimethylation of the substrate. It can symmetrically methylate histones H2AR3, H3R2, H3R8, and H4R3 and can also methylate many non-histone proteins contributing to tumorigenesis by regulating cell cycle progression, DNA repair, cell growth, apoptosis, and inflammation. Overexpression of PRMT5 is reported in several human malignancies including lymphoma, glioma, melanoma, lung, breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers. Elevated levels correlate with poor prognosis in NSCLC, ovarian cancers, and GBM. Therefore, PRMT5 is considered an attractive target for cancer therapy. We sought to discover and develop PRMT5 inhibitors with the “best-in-class” profile with an emphasis on improved permeability for their potential use in solid tumors. Utilizing structure-guided drug design and SAR-based approaches, we have optimized two chemical series of substrate competitive PRMT5 inhibitors. Determination of co-crystal structures with several de novo designed hits aided in the identification of lead compounds that exhibited potent inhibition of PRMT5. Lead compounds AU-574 and AU-755 were highly active in inhibiting proliferation of a number of cell lines derived from solid tumors that correlated well with cellular H4R3Me2s inhibition, confirming the mechanism. Lead compounds exhibited desirable drug-like properties including solubility, permeability, lack of CYP inhibition, and pharmacokinetic exposure. In xenograft models of Z-138 (lymphoma) and H-358 (lung cancer), treatment with lead compounds resulted in significant tumor growth inhibition while correlating with tumor drug levels and modulation of H4R3Me2s as the pharmacodynamic effect. In summary, we have identified PRMT5 inhibitors with “best-in-class" drug-like properties including optimized permeability and antitumor efficacy. Evaluation of these lead compounds in in vitro selectivity screening and in toxicity studies in higher species is currently under way. Citation Format: Dinesh Chikkanna, Sunil Kumar Panigrahi, Sujatha Rajagopalan, Srinivasa Raju Sammeta, Darshan Chawla, Pavithra S, Samiulla D.S, Angelene Prasanna, Priyabrata Chand, Kiran Aithal, Sai Sudheer Marri, Naveen Kumar, Srinivasa Rao Ganipisetty, Raju Mutyala, Kasieswara Rao, Thomas Antony, Girish Daginakatte, Anirudha Lakshminarasimhan, Mohan R, Narasihmarao K, Shekar Chelur, Chetan Pandit, Susanta Samajdar, Murali Ramachandra. Preclinical In vivo evaluation of efficacy, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of novel PRMT5 inhibitors in multiple tumor models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1392.

A 14-year-girl presented with solitary exuberant warty plaque over her right great toe since the age of 4 years. Ten years ago, an excisional biopsy was performed by a surgeon, and a histopathological diagnosis of angiokeratoma was made. A wide local excision of the lesion followed by a plantar digital artery flap in a V-Y fashion adjacent and just proximal to the excision wound was performed. This procedure has not only led to complete growth removal, but also a well-preserved digit with an excellent color and contour match.

Objective : To evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of methanol extract of Evolvulus nummularius (L) L. Materials and Methods : Disc diffusion and broth serial dilution tests were used to determine the antibacterial activity of the methanol extract against two Gram-positive bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilus NCIM 2718, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923) and three Gram-negative bacterial strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 70063 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922). The methanol extract was subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis. Free radical scavenging activity of the methanol extract at different concentrations was determined with 2, 2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Results : The susceptible organisms to the methanol extract were Escherichia coli (MIC=12.50 mg/ml) and Bacillus subtilus (MIC=3.125 mg/ml) and the most resistant strains were Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The methanol extracts exhibited radical scavenging activity with IC50 of 350 μg/ml. Conclusion : The results from the study show that methanol extract of E.nummularius has antibacterial activity. The antioxidant activity may be attributed to the presence of tannins, flavonoids and triterpenoids in the methanol extract. The antibacterial and antioxidant activity exhibited by the methanol extract can be corroborated to the usage of this plant in Indian folk medicine.

Worldwide every year over 2 million patient die during surgery, 25% of this deaths are caused due to complications of temperature and humidity. Excessive cooling leads to cardiac arrhythmias, hence temperature and humidity control system is the most important part to be controlled. The main target of this system is to design and implement the system in a cost-effective manner. This project consists of two modules, one is the design and development of a temperature, humidity monitoring and controlling system using microcontroller and LCD and the other is the detection of artificial oxygen leakage which has been provided for the patient to breathe in order to avoid breathing trouble. In addition to that, this paper incorporates the proposal to intimate the low/high pulse of the patient to the doctor before they reach their critical stage by detecting the velocity of blood flow.

This paper proffers an application in order to expedite easy and innate way to find the medicine for the visually impaired people and to take it according to their Doctor's prescription. Visually impaired people need not be dependent and seek others help to find the medicine to be taken. This android application is used to overcome the difficulties they face in this scenario. In this application, a reminder is set which tells the user when to take the medicines, as voice output. The pictures of the medicine strip held in the hand are captured by the inbuilt camera of the mobile. The image is processed and consequently text localization and extraction is done by which the name of the medicine is identified. A spotter section is also consolidated with this application which checks the prescription which has been already uploaded in the user's mobile, compares with the name of the medicine identified and if the medicine has to be taken at that time, then it tells the quantity of medicine to be taken to the user as voice output. On receiving the voice output from the mobile, the user intakes their medicines according to their prescription. It can also be useful for uneducated people who suffer to find which medicine must be taken. Especially elder people who are not educated usually suffer to read their medicine names on their own. This idea would achieve good results in practice.

Oral cancer is a type of cancer which targets mouth and surrounding tissues. It includes, lips, cheeks, tongue, sinuses, throat. Oral cancer could be life threatening, if not diagnosed in early stages. American Cancer Society says that men are at more risk than women. Oral cancer can be treated like any other cancers. But still the efficacy of the drugs is questionable. Hence, an attempt was tried to find the suitable inhibitors for the treatment of oral cancer using bioactive principles of Cissus quadrangularis, targeting SIRT3, P21 and P53. The Resveratol in Cissus quadrangularis has showed very good interaction with two target proteins involved in oral cancer viz., SIRT3 and P21. Resveratol also has very good pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. This study concludes that Resveratol in Cissus quadrangularis has the potential to serve as an anticancerous drug. However, the results might be validated through in-vivo and in-vitro studies to prove the efficacy of the active compounds and to protect the mankind from oral cancer.

The advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has changed the scenario of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. HIV patients in India have now access to generic HAART and this is the first report describing oral lesions in patients on HAART from our country. Oral lesions were studied in HIV seropositive patients (n = 50 on HAART and n = 50 not on HAART) attending a tertiary HIV referral care centre in India and patients on HAART were followed up. There was a difference in the occurrence of oral candidiasis (OC) between HAART and non-HAART participants (8% 24%; P 200 pigmentation was 43.8% in the HAART group and 14.8% in the non-HAART group (P < 0.05). The prevalence of OC in patients who had access to HAART was less when compared with those who did not have access to HAART. (authors)

A 27-year-old healthy man presented with non-itchy hyperpigmented skin lesions involving the trunk of duration 3 years. Examination revealed numerous coalescing, rough, slightly elevated brownish papules involving large areas of back, chest, and abdomen. There were no other cutaneous or systemic findings. Cutaneous biopsy was suggestive of verruca plana, which confirmed our clinical diagnosis. Here, we report this case of verruca plana due to its rare extensive involvement and unusual site in a non-immunocompromised individual.

Aims: To ascertain and compare between highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and non-HAART patients, the stimulated salivary flow rates and unstimulated salivary flow rates (USFR and SSFR) and to correlate the salivary flow rates with immune suppression. Materials and Methods: One hundred human-immuno deficiency virus seropositive patients attending RAGAS-YRG CARE were examined and divided into two groups, a HAART group (patients on combination antiretroviral therapy) comprising 50 patients and a non-HAART group comprising 50 patients. The HAART group was followed every 3 months after the baseline visit (0) for a period of 9 months, during which a clinical oral examination and collection of unstimulated and stimulated saliva was done. Their salivary gland function was assessed using a xerostomia inventory during each visit. The study on non-HAART group was cross-sectional. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis were performed with the aid of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 10.05) software. Results: There was no significant difference in mean SSFR and USFR between the two groups at baseline. In the HAART group, the mean stimulated salivary flow rate increased from baseline to 3 months ( P = 0.02), with the increase being maintained at 6 months and 9 months. When salivary flow rates were correlated with Cluster of Differentiation, CD4 counts, patients in the HAART group with a CD4 ≤ 200 at 6 months visit had a higher mean stimulated salivary flow rate when compared with patients with CD4 ≥ 200 ( P = 0.02). The xerostomia inventory did not reveal any significant difference between the two groups and HAART was not significantly associated with xerostomia. Conclusion: In our study HAART was neither associated with xerostomia nor a reduction in salivary flow rate and immune suppression was not a significant factor for decreasing the salivary flow rate.

Objective: To record prevalence of malocclusion among 2,400 adolescents in Karnataka state, India and to define difference in malocclusion status in urban and rural population. Design: Randomized cross-sectional study. Setting: School students of Karnataka state, 24 August 2011 to 30 March 2012. Participants: School students in the age group of 13-17 years. Materials and Methods: Each individual was assessed for occlusal traits - sagittal occlusion, overjet, overbite, crowding, midline diastema, and crossbite. Statistical Analysis Used: Examinations were computerized and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16. Chi-square test was used for computing statistical significance. Results: 87.79% of population had malocclusion. Out of which 89.45% had class I, 8.37% had class II, and 2.14% had class III malocclusion. Normal overjet and overbite was seen in 48.22 and 49.87% of subjects, respectively. Frequency of crowding was 58.12% and 15.43% of subjects had midline diastema. Anterior crossbite was present in 8.48% and posterior crossbite in 0.99%. Urban population had twice the class II sagittal occlusion, and increased overjet as compared to rural population. Conclusions: Malocclusion is widely spread among population of Karnataka state, with greater prevalence in urban population. Early exfoliation of deciduous teeth and refined diet can be considered as viable etiological factors.

The cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC) syndrome is a condition of sporadic occurrence, with patients showing multiple congenital anomalies and mental retardation and characteristic dysmorphic features. We, thus, report a rare case of this syndrome in a 1-year-old child who presented with typical features of CFC syndrome.

The advancement in science and technology in the medical field amends a path for embedding new treatment modalities to the challenges presented by the viable diseases. The increasing use of lasers in dentistry and medicine reflects the great advances in this technology during recent decades. A. The gold standard for the non surgical treatment of periodontal disease remains mechanical periodontal debridement. The mechanical periodontal treatment has to be often sustained with various anti infectious means, such as antiseptics or antibiotics. Antimicrobial agents used systemically or as a local drug delivery further suppress the periodontal pathogens, increasing the benefits of conventional mechanical therapy. The emergence of resistant microorganisms and a shift in the microflora after extended use limit the use of antimicrobials. This created the foundation for our modern use of chemotherapy and emergence of photodynamic therapy. The oral cavity is especially suitable for photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) because it is relatively accessible to illumination. A search was initiated to locate original research articles, review articles, and case reports pertaining to the key words: photodynamic therapy, periodontal treatment, photosensitizer, wound healing, laser, photodentistry. Electronic database was selected and articles were retrieved from PubMed and Google This article presents an overview of photodynamic therapy as it represents a novel therapeutic approach in the management of oral biofilms. Clinical Relevance to Interdisciplinary Dentistry Photodynamic therapy is a non invasive treatment modality which can be used in all the major specialty treatments in the field of dentistry. Inflammation, soft tissue and bone healing, postoperative pain, and post treatment tooth hypersensitivity can be managed in pedodontia, oral surgery, peroidontics, endodontics, and conservative dentistry. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy reduces bacterial contamination, especially during the surgical procedures.

Background Discoveries in medical sciences and improved social conditions during the past few decades have increased human life span thereby leading to an increasing segment of geriatric population.1 Senescence in the skin is a gradual process that ultimately results in the appearance and functional differences that we associate with age.2 The increasing segment of geriatric population are noted to have characteristic group of dermatoses which can be called as geriatric dermatoses. Such dermatoses may be expressed as cutaneous changes intrinsic to chronological ageing. Alternatively there may be other unrelated dermatoses having an altered expression on the geriatric skin. Aims This study aims to delineate the spectrum of various geriatric dermatoses among the hospital population at Goa Medical College (GMC). Methods This was a prospective study done over a period of one year in the department of dermatology, Goa Medical College. Patients above the age of 60 years presenting to the dermatological outpatient in GMC, patients referred from other wards were included in the study. A detail history and thorough clinical examination was done of every patient above 60 years who presented with skin complaints. A clinical photograph was taken of the relevant skin changes. Relevant investigations pertaining to the study were carried out to support the clinical findings. Results Of the 411 geriatric patients above 60 years, males (64.7%) outnumbered females (35.3%). Age group of 65-69 years constituted a maximum (57.9%) number of geriatric patients. Amongst the geriatric dermatoses, wrinkling of skin (99.3%) and graying of hair (96.8%) outnumbered all other findings. This was followed by benign neoplasias (80.5%). Fungal infections (20.7%), eczemas (19.2%), papulosquamous disorders (12.3%), senile pruritus (9.2%), senile comedones (8.5%), fissured soles (6.8%), xerosis and leg ulcers (6.6%) each, pigmentory disorders (5.8%), infestation (4.9%), vesiculobullous disorders (4.4%), senile purpura and immune, rheumatic disorders (4.1%) each. 3 (0.7%) malignant cases were reported. Graying of hair (96.8%) and alopecia (32.55%) were the ageing related hair changes seen. Among the nail disorders, longitudinal ridges (12.6%) was the commonest followed by nail discoloration (10.2%), subungual hyperkeratosis (7.3%), onycholysis (7.5%), onychomycosis and nail distortion (5.8%) each, pitting of nails (5.0%). Conclusion The skin is marker of systemic disease. With variation of geographical distribution in Goa, most common cutaneous findings are physiological aging signs, benign legions and very rarely malignant cutaneous changes have been seen. Keywords Ageing; geriatric; dermatoses; intrinsic; chronological; biopsies. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdvl.v9i1.5760 NJDVL 2010; 9(1): 1-6