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Acute bronchitis is inflammation of the main air passage to the lungs generally follows a viral respiratory infection. Children generally suffer from acute bronchitis at any stage. Fumes, dusts, decreased immunity, indigestion, viral infections are some causes due to which air passage get inflamed and irritated. Acute bronchitis is a clinical syndrome produced by inflammation of the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. In children, acute bronchitis usually occurs in association with viral respiratory tract infection. Acute bronchitis is rarely a primary bacterial infection in otherwise healthy children. In modern therapies using excessive expectorant, antihistaminics, and cough suppressants causes certain side effects and has no roll in rejuvenating the respiratory system. Unicough is a herbal remedy with the herbs which acts as a mucolytic and mild expectorant by its smoothening effect which helps in easy evacuation of cough and rejuvenate the respiratory passages. Current open labeled study on forty four children of acute bronchitis showed significant improvement after first and second week of the treatment in all associated symptoms which proves that Unicough syrup is a safe and effective remedy for acute bronchitis. 3 . Antibiotics are commonly prescribed, this type of therapy remains controversial, particularly since only half of all exacerbations are bacterial in origin, the rest being viral or chemical. Thus some believe that antibiotic therapy of acute exacerbation of bronchitis is an abuse of antibiotics, and can contribute to antimicrobial resistance 4 . The natural approach to treating bronchitis avoids creating new disease problems. It involves two goals: stimulating the normal processes that expel mucus, and stimulating the immune system to deal with viral infection. Expectorant herbs increase the fluidity and volume of phlegm, and stimulate cough. They are not cough suppressants, since cough suppression traps phlegm in the bronchi and lungs 5 . Unicough is a herbal remedy with Khaira Chhal (Acacia catechu),Vasakapatra (Adhatoda vasika), Vach (Acorus calamus), Elaichi (Elettaria cardamomum), Nagkeshar (Mesua ferrea), Talispatra (Abies webbina), Tulsi (Ocimum scantum), Dalchini (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), Sounth (Zingiber officinale), Pippali (Piper longum), Kababchini (Piper cubeba), Mulethi (Glycyrrhiza glabra), Somlata (Ephedra gerardiana), Dhatura panchang (Datura metel), Ajowan sat (Thymol), Pudina sat (Menthol). All these ingredients act as a smoothening, expectorant, bronchodilator and also improve the metabolism. This was an open labeled, non comparative study in the patients of acute bronchitis for the period of 15 days.

Antibodies (Ab) to thyroid peroxidase (TPO) are common in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease and may play a role in disease pathogenesis. We have prepared immunoglobulin G kappa (IgG kappa) and IgG lambda phage display combinatorial libraries from the cervical (thyroid-draining) lymph nodes of 2 Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients and from the thyroid of 1 patient. After selection with purified recombinant human TPO, up to 10 high affinity IgG kappa clones from each tissue source were analyzed further. No IgG lambda Fab were detected in the patient with the highest TPO Ab titer. Sequence analysis of the clones showed restricted heavy and light chain usage, similar to that in previously published TPO-reactive Fabs. This was despite the substantially larger sizes of the initial libraries, the use of lymph node tissue to generate libraries, and the analysis of the repertoire in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis rather than Graves' disease. There was overall similarity in sequences obtained from lymph node and thyroid libraries, with higher levels of somatic hypermutation in the former. The Fab inhibited binding of serum TPO Ab from five patients by 55-95%. These data together with those from previous reports indicate that although there is no unique Ab gene usage, there is the recurrent presence of certain variable regions in the high affinity TPO Ab response.

Patients with autoimmune thyroid disease frequently have high affinity antibodies to thyroid peroxidase (TPO), although the role they play in disease pathogenesis is not known. We have previously prepared 37 monoclonal anti-TPO IgGκ Fab fragments from two patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and demonstrated the similarity of these Fab sequences to those published previously, mainly derived from patients with Graves’ disease. In this paper, we describe epitope mapping of these Fabs using a previously characterized panel of murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) and show that the Fabs bind to two neighboring epitopes on native TPO. Although the epitope-mapping method differs from that used to characterize previously published TPO-reactive Fab sequences, it indicates a similarly restricted response to neighboring epitopes in both Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. The epitope mapping included mAb 47, which binds to a linear TPO peptide of known sequence in addition to native TPO. Although TPO-reactive Fab did not inhibit the binding of mAb 47, mAb 47 did inhibit the binding of Fab, indicating the likely site of the immunodominant region on native TPO. These results confirm the restricted nature of TPO antibody and further delineate the immunodominant region of native TPO as defined by the mAb.