Search

Abstract Background Magnetic therapy has demonstrated beneficial effects for reducing pain, nausea, neuropathy, and various other health concerns in the human body. To our knowledge, limited research has documented the use of auricular static magnetic therapy as a potential treatment for diabetes. This report presents the first evidence of using magnetic discs placed at acupuncture points on the human ear to decrease blood glucose levels and promote the healing of gangrene in diabetic patients. When a magnetic disc was placed at an acupuncture point on the ear, elevated blood glucose levels were reduced, blood circulation improved, and gangrene eventually resolved. This case report presents a new development in auricular acupuncture, providing a novel method for treating diabetes and its complications. Case presentation A 59-year-old white male who was diagnosed with type II diabetes and had suffered from this condition for 20 years developed gangrene in his left leg, necessitating amputation. Despite insulin therapy, the patient’s blood glucose level remained elevated, and gangrene subsequently manifested in his right leg. The patient was diagnosed with severe end-stage peripheral arterial occlusive disease, and a second amputation became necessary. The patient sought acupuncture treatment to avoid amputation. A magnetic disc was applied to the patient’s left ear at the pancreas point. Within 2 days, the patient’s blood glucose level decreased from 240 to 120 mg/dl, while the blood flow in his leg increased by 30%. Consequently, the patient was able to reduce the insulin dosage. Over time, the gangrene resolved, and new tissue regenerated in place of the gangrenous tissue. Another case study involved a 33-year-old white female with type I diabetes who used an insulin pump prior to magnetic therapy. Magnetic discs were applied to auricular acupuncture points, resulting in a 30% reduction in insulin dosage, while maintaining the same caloric intake. Conclusion Auricular static magnetic therapy has demonstrated efficacy as a beneficial treatment for diabetes. This therapeutic approach has been shown to reduce blood glucose levels, increase blood circulation, and promote gangrene healing. Its noninvasive nature, rapid onset of action, and cost-effectiveness are notable attributes. The novel contribution of this case report resides in its potential application as a complementary therapy for diabetes utilized in conjunction with conventional Western medical practices.

Recent studies have revealed a role for zinc in insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis. Randomized placebo-controlled zinc supplementation trials have demonstrated improved glycemic traits in patients with type II diabetes (T2D). Moreover, rare loss-of-function variants in the zinc efflux transporter SLC30A8 reduce T2D risk. Despite this accumulated evidence, a mechanistic understanding of how zinc influences systemic glucose homeostasis and consequently T2D risk remains unclear. To further explore the relationship between zinc and metabolic traits, we searched the exome database of the Regeneron Genetics Center-Geisinger Health System DiscovEHR cohort for genes that regulate zinc levels and associate with changes in metabolic traits. We then explored our main finding using in vitro and in vivo models. We identified rare loss-of-function (LOF) variants (MAF

(1) Background: This study aimed to assess the association between inflammatory biomarkers and gastrointestinal side effects in HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART), with a specific focus on the impact of type II diabetes. (2) Methods: A total of 320 participants were divided into three groups: 120 HIV-positive without diabetes, 80 HIV-positive with type II diabetes, and 120 controls. Biomarkers such as CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α, along with gastrointestinal symptoms, were measured before and six months after ART. (3) Results: HIV-positive patients with type II diabetes exhibited significantly elevated levels of inflammatory markers and experienced more frequent gastrointestinal side effects, particularly nausea and diarrhea. (4) Conclusions: Type II diabetes significantly worsens inflammation and gastrointestinal side effects in HIV patients on ART, suggesting the need for tailored treatment approaches.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based group therapy (ACT) with the Islamic approach to reduce anxiety and depression in patients with type II diabetes referent to the Yazd Diabetes Research Center. Materials and Methods: The study method was the semi experimental. Forty diabetic patients were simple randomly divided into two equal experimental and control groups. The study was done in the patients referent to the Yazd diabetes center (n= 5000), using a purposeful sampling method. So, all of the patients did completed the beck anxiety (BAI) and depression (BDI-II) questionnaire for diabetic patients. Then, the experimental group received ACT with an Islamic approach every other week during 16 weeks and 120 minutes for each time, and the control group continued their normal plan. The population of both groups performed the anxiety (BAI) and depression (BDI-II) questionnaire again after performing the instructional plan. Results: In this research, the covariance analysis test was used to analyze the results. The findings of the research showed that ACT with an Islamic approach effects on the anxiety (P: 0.001) and depression (P: 0.001) in type II diabetes people. Conclusion: The results showed that ACT with Islamic approach is effective on reducing anxiety rate and depression of type 2 diabetic people. Scores of post-test confirmed the effect of treatment method ACT with Islamic approach on reducing of anxiety and depression rate.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based group therapy (ACT) with the Islamic approach to diabetes control, increasing self-care behaviors in patients with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) referent to the Yazd Diabetes Research Center. Materials and Methods: The study method was semi experimental with control group. For this purpose, 40 diabetic patients were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The study was in Yazd diabetes research center. The purposeful sampling method was done. So, all of the patients did the A1C hemoglobin test, and completed the self-care questionnaire for diabetic patients (SDSCA). Then, the experimental group received ACT with an Islamic approach during 16 weeks. The population of both groups performed the A1C Hemoglobin test and completed the self-care questionnaire again after performing the instructional plan. In this research, the covariance analysis test was done to analyze the results. Results: The findings of the research showed that ACT group therapy with an Islamic approach effects on HbA1c decreasing (P: 0.001) and self-care behaviors improvement (P: 0.001) in T2DM patients. Conclusion: This study showed that the treatment group based on commitment resulted in a significant reduction of HbA1 and a significant increase in self-care activities in patients with T2DM.

Background/Objectives: Metformin (Met), an oral drug used to treat type II diabetes, is known to control blood glucose levels. Metformin carbon quantum dots (MetCQDs) were prepared to enhance the bioavailability and effectiveness of metformin. Several studies have shown that carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have attractive properties like small particle size, high penetrability, low cytotoxicity, and ease of synthesis. CQDs are made from a carbon source, namely, citric acid, and a heteroatom, such as nitrogen. The active molecule can be a carbon source or a heteroatom, as reported here. Methods: This study aims to produce MetCQDs from an active molecule. MetCQDs were successfully produced by microwave-based production methods and characterized. The effect of the MetCQDs was tested in Wistar albino rats following a Streptozocin-induced diabetic model. Results: The results show that the products have a particle size of 9.02 ± 0.04 nm, a zeta potential of −10.4 ± 0.214 mV, and a quantum yield of 15.1 ± 0.045%. Stability studies and spectrophotometric analyses were carried out and the effectiveness of MetCQDs evaluated in diabetic rats. The results show a significant reduction in blood sugar levels (34.1–51.1%) compared to the group receiving only metformin (37.1–55.3%) over a period of 30 to 360 min. Histopathological examinations of the liver tissue indicate improvement in the liver health indicators of the group treated with MetCQDs. Conclusions: Based on these results, the products have potential therapeutic advantages in diabetes management through their increased efficacy and may have reduced side effects compared to the control group.

BACKGROUND: Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) training has positive effects on the resilience and blood sugar control in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of MBCT on resiliency and blood glucose control in patients with T2D. METHODS: This study was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with control group. The study population consisted of all patients with T2D in 2018 referring to diabetes clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari County, Iran. The sample consisted of 30 (15 for each group) patients with T2D that were selected by availability sampling method and randomly recruited to each of the groups. Next, the experimental group members took part in a total of 8 sessions of 90 minutes each, with one session per week, for MBCT. Instruments for gathering data were the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) test. The data were analyzed with the use of SPSS software and statistical tests such as multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). RESULTS: The MBCT had a significant impact on resiliency among patients with T2D (P = 0.001, F = 13.828), but the impact of MBCT on blood glucose control was not significant (P = 0.103, F = 2.854). CONCLUSION: It seems that MBCT is an applicable treatment for improving psychological health for patients with T2D.

Skeletal fragility is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), but the underlying mechanism is not well understood. Here, in a mouse model for youth-onset T2D, we show that both trabecular and cortical bone mass is reduced due to diminished osteoblast activity. Stable isotope tracing in vivo with 13C-glucose demonstrates that both glycolysis and glucose fueling of the TCA cycle are impaired in diabetic bones. Similarly, Seahorse assays show suppression of both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation by diabetes in bone marrow mesenchymal cells as a whole, whereas single-cell RNA sequencing reveals distinct modes of metabolic dysregulation among the subpopulations. Metformin not only promotes glycolysis and osteoblast differentiation in vitro, but also improves bone mass in diabetic mice. Finally, osteoblast-specific overexpression of either Hif1a, a general inducer of glycolysis, or Pfkfb3 which stimulates a specific step in glycolysis, averts bone loss in T2D mice. The study identifies osteoblast-intrinsic defects in glucose metabolism as an underlying cause of diabetic osteopenia, which may be targeted therapeutically.

Comorbid conditions in general psychopathological practice need equally research in the field of psychiatry and narcology, as well as the development of issues of social practice in relation to mental patients. There is an opinion that comorbid mental pathologies are even more common than “pure” forms of diseases. In most cases of comorbid conditions, the medical community increasingly encounters clinical situations where “classic” symptoms and syndromes are deformed, mutually intertwined and, superimposed on the actual social situation of the patient, acquire an “unreal fancy character”.Schizophrenia remains one of the most urgent problems at the stage of modern psychiatry formation. Up to date there are 1.1% of men and 1.9% of women in the general population of patients. Schizophrenic spectrum disorders are often combined with a number of chronic pathologies that increase the negative impact on the neuro-cognitive sphere of a person. One of the main problems of modern urbanized society is type II diabetes and alcoholism. By increasing the negative impact on a person’s cognitive abilities, they accelerate the process of disintegration of personality and its social functioning. The intellectual level of patients with those chronic diseases that require patients to actively and consciously participate in the treatment process and social functioning can significantly affect the patient’s ability to learn, independently manage the disease, establish a high level of compliance and, as a result, the effectiveness of therapy. An attentive study of the issue of the state of intelligence of patients with comorbid pathology will lead to an improvement in the patient’s social adaptation, a more careful attitude to their somatic health and reduce the risk of disability of the able-bodied population.

Context: Identification of modifiable risk factors of neurocognitive dysfunction (NCDs) that would help in preventing neurocognitive dysfunction by means of appropriate measures. Objectives: The study aims to provide an insight into the extent and cofactors ofNCDs among Saudi type II diabetes (T2DM) patients at the primary care level. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted at five randomly selected primary health care centers (PHCCs) of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Subject and Methods: T2DM patients above 40 years, who were followed for T2DM diagnosed ≥ 1 year ago were recruited. The Arabic version of the Mini-Mental State Evaluation (MMSE) was used for screening NCDs, using education-adjusted cut-offs. Statistical Analysis Used: Sociodemographic, diabetes-related, and other clinical and lifestyle factors were analyzed as cofactors of NCDs. Results: The study included 236 T2DM patients, who had mean ± SD age of 60.29 ± 9.45 years. The majority (61.0%) were female, and mean ± SD duration of T2DM was 14.1 ± 8.4 years (range = 1–45 years). The prevalence of NCDs was 35.2% (95% CI = 29.1%, 41.6%), and 5.1% of the participants had MMSE scores ≤ 10 indicating severe neurocognitive impairment. The congruence of significant sociodemographic factors delineated a high-risk profile, and multivariate regression analysis showed female gender, low educational level, longer duration of diabetes, geriatric age at T2DM diagnosis, inadequate glycemic control, and sedentary lifestyle as the independent risk factors for NCDs. Conclusions: The population of middle-aged and older T2DM patients is highly exposed to NCDs, with the great contribution of other comorbidities and higher risk incurred by older, lowly educated females with long diabetes duration. Further improvements should be achieved to enhance the care offered to diabetic patients by improving glycemic control, screening for comorbidities, and early detection of neurocognitive decline.

Background: There are few reports in India about the correlation of hypertension, its risk factors and its relationship with type II diabetes. Several studies have shown that Type II diabetes in India is increasingly widespread. Aims and Objective: The main purpose of this research is to determine the association between hypertension and type II mellitus diabetes. Materials and Methods: The Department of Physiology, Era Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow and the Department of Internal Medicine, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Sitapur, performed a cross-sectional study on 520 patients with type II diabetes. The structured questionnaire was prepared to collect history of hypertension, social and demographical parameters and diabetes duration. A trained staff has measured anthropometric data like height, weight and also took blood pressure by digital blood pressure monitor (CITIZEN-CH-432). Results: This study indicated a significant (p

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a common infection in developing countries and is associated with low socioeconomic status. It is considered a serious infection due it its long-term sequelae. Post-TB lung disease decreases life expectancy and increases the risk of recurrent TB infection. It also significantly increases the risk of other bacterial and fungal infections. Aspergillosis develops in the cavitary lesions of TB, worsening them and resulting in a deteriorating clinical situation. Concomitant pulmonary TB (PTB) and invasive aspergillosis is uncommon, particularly in the absence of factors that suppress the immune system. In this report, we describe the case of a healthy young adult without previous structural lung damage who presented with primary PTB and acute invasive aspergillosis infection, discuss the treatment dilemma and provide a literature review.

A cholesterol granuloma is a benign lesion that can occur in various organs, mimicking other pathologies. We present the case of a 35-year-old man presenting with asymptomatic lung and pleural lesions which were suspected to be pulmonary tuberculosis but found to be cholesterol granuloma on biopsy. Cholesterol granulomas are a rare mimic of common lung pathology and should be considered in the differential diagnosis if the initial investigations are not informative.

Introduction: Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 receptor agonist), also known as incretin mimetics. This is the new approach for management of weight among diabetic patients along with glycemic controls. The study aims to explore the efficacy of Liraglutide on weight (body mass index) and glycemic control (HbA1C) among adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in primary care center. Methods: Retrospective chart review of 149 adult patients with type II diabetic taking Liraglutide as a monotharepy for 6 months and more were included in the study. Analysis was done in SPSS version 22. Results: Total 149 chart reviews were done. The mean age of participants were 55.52 (SD: 8.167). Of total 58.4% were female and 70% were on insulin. Paired sample statistics reported that pre- and post-change in BMI and weight was significantly different with P value < 0.001. However pre- and post-change in the value of HBA1c was not significantly different with P value 0.561. Conclusion: Through this retrospective study we can conclude that Liraglutide has important effect on weight loss and reduction in BMI. However, further longitudinal studies with large sample size and multi-center randomized controlled trials are needed to generalize the effectiveness of Liraglutide among Saudi population.

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is a common clinical anomaly, with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors. Increased inflammatory mediators, such as reactive protein,as well as the inflammatory cytokines can be associated with the incidence and progression of metaboli syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Materials & Methods: This study was performed on 35 male and female patients with an average age of 55 years, type 2 diabetes mellitus with metabolic syndrome and 35 healthy subjects as control group. Separated serum samples were kept at -20 ° C for quantitative evaluation of serum IL-18 by ELISA kit and C-reactive protein. RNA extraction from cells was performed by JenaBioscience kit and finally Gene expression assay was performed quantitatively using Real Time RTPCR. Findings: The mean serum levels of IL-18 were significantly increased (P=0.008), and serum reactive protein (P

Background and Objectives: Considering the growing prevalence of diabetes type II, more effective decisions should be made for appropriate service prioritization for prevention and treatment of common complications. Thus, this study was intended to evaluate the effect of demographic factors on hospitalizations of patients with diabetes type II in Tonekabon. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive-analytic study with purposive sampling on 201 medical profile of hospitalized patients with diabetes type II in Shahid Rajaei Hospital in Tonekabon in 2016. Data were extracted and analyzed with SPSS v.23 according to variables include age, sex, living place, marital status, education level, and admission cause. Results: Results of this study showed that there was not significant difference between mean admission cause and living place (P=0.174). Moreover, no significant difference was observed between mean admission cause and marital status (p=0.061). Contrarily, in terms of different age groups, a significant difference was observed between 40-50 and above 70 years age group. Additionally, a significant difference was not observed between admission causes and different occupational and educational groups. (P>0.05). Conclusions: Results of this study suggests that the psychological or behavioral factors involved in the treatment of diabetes type II should be investigated. In addition, considering the significant difference in different mean age groups and insignificant difference in patients living in urban or rural area, it is suggested that the behavior and diet of these patients should be evaluated.

Background & Objective: Diabetes is a chronic disorder and the most complicated disease regarding its management and need for self-management. Cognitive-behavioral therapy plays a key role in self-management and self-regulation. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy on the self-care behaviors and psychological wellbeing and hope indicators in patients with type II diabetes. Methodology: This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design and a control group on 30 patients with type II diabetes referring to the diabetes clinic at Razi Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran. The patients were selected via convenience sampling and randomly divided into the test and control groups (15 each). The test group received eight sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy (90 minutes). Data were collected using the self-care behavior questionnaire by Robert Thompson and Glasgow, Ryff psychological wellbeing inventory, and Snyderchr('39')s cognitive model of hope at pretest and posttest. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 21 using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) at the significance of 0.05. Results: MANCOVA results indicated that group cognitive-behavioral therapy significantly increased the self-care behaviors, psychological wellbeing, and hope indicators in the patients with type II diabetes (P≤0.05). Conclusion: Group cognitive-behavioral therapy was effective in improving the self-care behaviors, psychological wellbeing, and hope indicators of the patients with type II diabetes. Therefore, this method could be used by psychiatrists and healthcare providers for the enhancement of self-care behaviors, psychological wellbeing, and hope in these patients.

Objective: The theory of self-efficacy is based on the assumption that people’s beliefs about their abilities and talents have a favorable effect on their actions. It is the most important determinant of behavior. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Emotional Intelligence (EI) and self-efficacy in type II diabetes (T2DM) patients. Materials and Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study, 128 T2DM patients were selected via simple random sampling. At first, the patients’ demographic data were recorded. Then, the persian version of Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (DMSES) and EI questionnaire developed by Petrides and Furnham were completed. Results: The mean (±SD) age of the patients was 53.55 (±6.2) years. The results showed a significant positive correlation between the total scores of self-efficacy and EI (P-value: 0.001). Accordingly, increase in the EI score was accompanied with an increase in the score of self-efficacy. Conclusion: EI plays an important role in nurturing self-efficacy beliefs and positive self-concepts in patients and promoting their mental and physical health status. Hence, training courses on EI components can make patients feel highly self-efficacious.

Type II diabetes is considered the most common metabolic disorder in the developed world and currently affects about one in ten globally. A therapeutic target for the management of type II diabetes is the inhibition of α- glucosidase, an essential enzyme located at the brush border of the small intestinal epithelium. The inhibition of α-glucosidase results in reduced digestion of carbohydrates and a decrease in postprandial blood glucose. Although pharmaceutical synthetic inhibitors are available, these are usually associated with significant gastrointestinal side effects. In the present study, the impact of inhibitors derived from edible brown algae is being investigated and compared for their effect on glycaemic control. Carbohydrate- and polyphenolic-enriched extracts derived from Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus vesiculosus and Undaria pinnatifida were characterised and screened for their inhibitory effects on maltase and sucrase enzymes. Furthermore, enzyme kinetics and the mechanism of inhibition of maltase and sucrase were determined using linear and nonlinear regression methods. All tested extracts showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect of α-glucosidase with IC50 values ranging from 0⋅26 to 0⋅47 mg/ml for maltase; however, the only extract that was able to inhibit sucrase activity was A. nodosum, with an IC50 value of 0⋅83 mg/ml. The present study demonstrates the mechanisms in which different brown seaweed extracts with varying composition and molecular weight distribution differentially inhibit α-glucosidase activities. The data highlight that all brown seaweed extracts are not equal in the inhibition of carbohydrate digestive enzymes involved in postprandial glycaemia.

Objective: Effect of resistance training on muscle mass increase, blood glucose control, hemoglobin (HbA1c) reduction, on type 2 diabetes (T2DM), has been approved. While injuries and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) may lead to some difficulties in diabetic patients to continue training exercise. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of glutamine supplementation (o.1 g / 1kg / each day for 4 weeks) on DOMS, creatine kinase (CK (contraction and the skin temperature of the elbow flexing muscles in the untrained T2DM patients. Materials and Methods: The research was an experimental study. This study was a double blinded randomized controlled trial. Subjects were randomly assigned into 4 groups of diabetic glutamine (N=10), diabetic placebo of Maltodextrin (N=10), healthy glutamine (N=10) and healthy placebo of Maltodextrin (N=10). Variables were measured before, 24, 48 and 72 Hours after exercise. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Bonferroni's post hoc test in SPSS-18 software. Results: Glutamine was effective on changes in CK and pain sensation 72 hours after exercise in diabetics. (P-value: 0.0001).In skin temperature was not significant different. Conclusion: Glutamine was not effective in preventing and reducing DOMS, but it may reduce the DOMS period.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is the most common metabolic diseases in developed and developing countries with no effective treatment options. This study purpose was to compare different regimens of oral anti-diabetic therapy effects on the type 2 diabetic patients while fasting during Ramadan. Methods: In the double-blind controlled trial 90 patients with type 2 diabetes were divided randomly into three groups: 30 patients continued the previous dose of sulfonylurea (Group 1), 30 participants received a dose which was 25% lower than the previous sulfonylurea dose (group 2), and in the last 30 patients, repaglinide was replaced sulfonylurea (Group 3). Glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), fructosamine, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides levels were measured in all participants before and after Ramadan. The weight and BMI were also controlled. Results: In all intervention groups a significant decreasing was seen in the body weight, BMI, fructoseamine, total cholesterol, and LDL; and also, a significant increasing was seen in HDL. The hypoglycemia incidence was significantly lower in Group 3 than Group 1. The results in fructosamine reduction and HDL cholesterol increasing were significantly better in Group 3 compared to Group 2 (P

Background and purpose: Diabetes is a chronic disease which requires lifelong use of drugs. These drugs have high costs, therefore, there is a need to find economic, efficient, simple, and local solutions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of oral supplementation of cinnamon on glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in patients with type II diabetes. Materials and methods: This clinical trial was conducted in 136 patients with type II diabetes in Birjand, Iran 2015. They were randomly assigned into intervention or placebo groups (n=68 per group). Subjects in the intervention group received 500 mg of cinnamon three times a day after breakfast, lunch, and dinner for 90 days (1500 mg daily). While the other group were advised to take the placebo in the same manner. Fasting blood sugar and HbA1c levels were measured before and after the study. Results: In this study, the levels of HbA1c reduced significantly in intervention group after the treatment (P≤0.05). Daily intake of 1500 mg of cinnamon for 90 days was found to be effective in reducing glycosylated hemoglobin levels, but it did not have a significant effect on reducing fasting blood sugar in 90 days (P≥0.05). Conclusion: Daily dose of 1500 mg of cinnamon for 90 days significantly reduced the HbA1C levels in type II diabetic patients and also had a moderate effect on fasting blood sugar concentrations. Therefore, it is recommended alongside conventional medication used in treatment of type II diabetes mellitus. (Clinical Trials Registry Number: IRCT2016100230098N1)

Background and Aim: Physical activity is an appropriate cost-effective means for the prevention and treatment of type II diabetes. Irisin, a recently identified myokine seems to have an important role in the transformation of white fat tissue and regulation of insulin sensitivity. The current study aimed at investigating the effect of aerobic training on serum levels of irisin and insulin resistance in women with type II diabetes. Materials and Methods: In this semi- experimental study, 24 women with type II diabetes were objectively selected and randomly assigned into two equal groups of aerobic training and control. The exercise group undertook a 4 week (5 times a week) run aerobic exercise on a treadmill with 55-80 percent of maximum heart rate intensity. The control group did not have any physical activities. Blood samples were taken before and 48 hours after the last training session and serum levels of blood glucose and insulin were assessed. The obtained data was analyzed using paired t-test and covariance analysis. The significant level was P

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of some socio-demographic factors on control of blood glucose in patients with type II diabetes. Methods: In this study cross-sectional research, study population included all the patients with type II diabetes in Isfahan Township, Iran. A researcher-made checklist constituted the data collection instrument in this study. This checklist consisted of two sections where the first part encompassed questions about demographic characteristics, including age, gender, occupation, marital status, education level, and family size. The second part included some questions on the effective social factors in health, such as socioeconomic status, insurance coverage, diabetes care service centers, the measured values of fasting blood glucose, blood glucose levels two hours after a meal, HbA1C, lipoproteins, weight, height, and blood pressure. Findings: The Study of social variables and cardiovascular disease risk factors in two groups based on logistic regression showed that the duration of disease (OR = 1.12, CI 95%: 1.03-1.22) and the mean level of blood glucose (OR = 3.81, CI 95%: 1.22-11.87) associated with glycemic control indexes. Other measured variables did not show any significant relationship with glycemic control indexes. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the duration of diabetes and the mean level of blood glucose among the patients can influence diabetes control indicators.

Objective: Depression is a common co-morbid condition in patients with type II diabetes. This study was aimed to investigate the impact of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on depression among patients with type II diabetes. Materials and Methods: Using a pre-test post-test experimental design with control group. With conventional sampling method 40subjects were selected from Alborz Diabetes Association, being evaluated according to DSM-IV-TR. They were randomly divided into an experimental and a control groups. For gathering data we used demographic questionnaire and Beck depression inventory (BDI) .Experimental group under acceptance and commitment therapy sessions. Groups (Experimental and control) were studied for3 months .These questionnaire (BDI) were given to the patients before and after treatment and at 3 month follow up period .The data were analyzed by analysis of variance with repeated measures. Results: Acceptance and commitment therapy in post -test and follow up decrease in depression scores (P-value

Abstract Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common disease in human societies that dealing with its complications imposes enormous cost to the health system. The previous studies have shown that bone biochemical markers can be used for evaluation of bone metabolism in response to physical activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of increasing 10-week aerobic exercise (AE) on serum osteocalcin, PTH and glycemic and anthropometric indices in postmenopausal women with type II diabetes. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 40 postmenopausal women with type II diabetes (40-60 years) as available subjects were selected and randomly assigned into two exercise (20) and control (20) groups. Exercise protocol was AE and walking activity for 10 weeks (3d/wk, 45 to 60 min/d with 45% to 60% HRRmax intensity). Blood samples were taken before and after exercise to measure serum variables. Data were analyzed by T-test and statistical significance criterion was set as p0.05). Conclusion: Due to the favorable effects of AE on osteocalcin and glycemic indices, it seems that this training method can be recommended as a non-invasive treatment for maintaining bone density and controlling blood glucose in diabetic patients.

ABSTRACT Background and Objective: Osteoporosis is one of the complications of diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of resistance training along with Portulaca oleracea supplementation on OPG and NFκB levels (bone markers) in women with type II diabetes. Methods: Overall, 28 women with type II diabetes (44 to 60 years old) were randomly and equally assigned into four groups (supplement, training, training-supplement and control). An eight-week resistance training program (three one-hour sessions per week with one repetition maximum) was performed using three types of bands with different resistances, at 40-50% intensity and 50-70% maximum heart rate. P. oleracea seeds were supplemented daily (7.5 grams mixed in yogurt) for eight weeks. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-test and ANOVA. Results: After 8 weeks, OPG and NFκB levels in the three groups of supplement, training and training-supplement increased and decreased, respectively. The highest change in both variables was observed in the training-supplement group. Moreover, the level of these two variables in the training-supplement group had significant difference with the controls and other groups (P=0.000). Conclusion: As a non-pharmacological therapeutic approach, the regular resistance training and P. oleracea supplementation can increase bone formation markers and reduce bone resorption in women with type II diabetes.

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders in diabetic patients are associated with pain and disability, and thus, a significant reduction in quality of life. The current study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the frequency and prevention of rheumatologic manifestations and their association with blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 273 patients with type II diabetes, referred to the diabetes clinic, were selected by using the census method. Using a checklist, demographic, and clinical data, including duration of diabetes, blood glucose level, HbA1c, type of diabetes, BMI, history of smoking, blood pressure, serum cholesterol level, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, and musculoskeletal disorder type were analyzed using SPSS20 software application using independent t-test. Modeling was performed to obtain the best fit using logistic regression. The significance level was considered less than 0.05. Results: 62.6% of patients had at least one of the rheumatologic complications. The most common complication was related to carpal tunnel syndrome (26.4%), followed by muscle contraction (23.8%). By moderating the effects of other variables, the odds ratio for rheumatoid complications was obtained as 1.74 with one unit of increase in HbA1c, which was statistically significant. In examining the influential variables, high age, gender, smoking, and BMI showed statistically significant effects (). Conclusions: Given the high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in diabetic patients, early diagnosis and timely treatment of the complications are crucial. It is recommended that musculoskeletal examinations be included as an important part of regular care for these patients.

Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic. One of the unknown complications of DM is cognitive disorders. Different types of cognitive impairment caused by DM may affect the quality of life, self-management of diabetes, and glycosylated hemoglobin. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment and its relationship with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), diabetes self-management, and quality of life among diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 350 patients with type II diabetes (T2DM) admitted to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences clinics for 7 months. All the participants completed the brief psychological, demographic, quality of life, and self- management profile questionnaires. Then, HbA1c levels were examined. The data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software, version 16. Results: According to the results, 40.3% of the patients had normal cognition, while 44.9% and 14.9% had mild and moderate cognitive impairment, respectively. Moreover, a significant relationship was found between the cognitive impairment score and HbA1c level, some aspects of quality of life, and self-management profile. Conclusion: DM was associated with changes in cognition. Besides, cognitive impairment was associated with some domains of quality of life and self-management profile; as the cognitive impairment score increased, quality of life and self-management profile increased, as well. Also, a decreasing trend was observed in HbA1c levels in moderate to normal cognitive impairment states.

Skiba A. V., Denga O. V., Makarenko O. A. Стоматологический статус и биохимические показатели ротовой жидкости при сахарном диабете II типа = Dental status and biochemical indicators in oral liquid type II diabetes. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(12):493-502. eISSN 2391-8306. DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.35709 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%2812%29%3A493-502 http://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/684911 Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport (null) 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2015; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 10.11.2015. Revised 15.12.2015. Accepted: 23.12.2015. УДК: 616.31-08-039.71:616.379-008.64 UDC: 616.31-08-039.71:616.379-008.64 СТОМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ СТАТУС И БИОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ РОТОВОЙ ЖИДКОСТИ ПРИ САХАРНОМ ДИАБЕТЕ II ТИПА DENTAL STATUS AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS IN ORAL LIQUID TYPE II DIABETES А. В. Скиба, О. В. Деньга, О. А. Макаренко A. V. Skiba, O. V. Denga, O. A. Makarenko ГУ «Институт стоматологии Национальной академии медицинских наук Украины» SE "Institute of Stomatology of NAMS of Ukraine" Реферат Сахарный диабет II типа составляет 85-90 % от всех заболеваний, связанных с повышенным содержанием сахара в крови. Оксидный стресс и нарушения метаболизма являются одной из причин поражения тканей полости рта и диктуют необходимость разработки эффективных методов профилактики заболеваний полости рта. Целью работы была оценка распространенности и степени воспаления тканей пародонта, биохимических показателей ротовой жидкости пациентов с сахарным диабетом II типа при профилактических мероприятиях. Материалы и методы. В исследованиях участвовали пациенты 30-60 лет с сахарным диабетом II типа (53 человека). При этом оценивались стоматологический статус, а также в ротовой жидкости активность эластазы, каталазы, лизоцима, уреазы, степень дисбиоза, содержание малонового диальдегида. Пациенты основной группы получали 2 раза в году разработанный и согласованный с терапевтом лечебно-профилактический комплекс. Результаты. Выводы. Разработанный комплекс профилактики и лечения стоматологических заболеваний для пациентов с сахарным диабетом II типа обладает длительным стойким клиническим эффектом, снижает распространённость воспаления практически в 2 раза при I-III степени пародонтита, снижает в полости рта степень дисбиоза в 7,3 раза через 12 месяцев, увеличивает в 2 раза активность лизоцима в ротовой жидкости (неспецифическая резистентность) и улучшает антиоксидантную защиту (в 3,9 раза уменьшает содержание малонового диальдегида). Ключевые слова: сахарный диабет II типа, стоматологический статус, ротовая жидкость, биохимические параметры, профилактический комплекс. A. V. Skiba, O. V. Denga, O. A. Makarenko, SE "Institute of Stomatology of NAMS of Ukraine" DENTAL STATUS AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS IN ORAL LIQUID TYPE II DIABETES Abstract Type II diabetes is 85-90% of all diseases associated with high blood sugar. The oxide stress and metabolic disorders are one of the reasons for the defeat of the oral tissues and necessitate the development of effective methods of prevention of oral diseases. The aim of the work was to evaluate the prevalence and degree of inflammation of periodontal tissues, biochemical indices of oral liquid patients with type II diabetes mellitus in the prevention activities. Materials and methods. The study included patients 30-60 years with diabetes mellitus type II (53 persons). When this estimated dental status, as well as oral liquid elastase activity, catalase, lysozyme, urease, the degree of dysbiosis, malonic dialdehyde. Patients of the main group received 2 times per year developed and agreed with the general practitioner and treatment and prophylactic complex. Results. Conclusions. The developed complex of therapeutic measures for patients with type II diabetes has a long persistent clinical effect, reduces the prevalence of inflammation in almost 2 times with I-III degree of periodontitis in the oral cavity, reduces the degree of dysbiosis 7.3 times in 12 months, 2-fold increase in the activity of lysozyme in saliva (nonspecific resistance) and improves antioxidant defense 3.9 times reduces the content of malondialdehyde). Keywords: type II diabetes, dental status, oral fluid, biochemical parameters, preventive complex.