534 results on '"Vineet, Kumar"'
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2. Essential Insights and Expert Guidance in ‘Own Your Body’: Buzzworthy for Common Man and Healthcare Providers
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Vineet Kumar Pathak and Ajeet Singh Bhadoria
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Medicine - Published
- 2024
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3. Regional and temporal variability of Indian summer monsoon rainfall in relation to El Niño southern oscillation
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K. S. Athira, M. K. Roxy, Panini Dasgupta, J. S. Saranya, Vineet Kumar Singh, and Raju Attada
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract The Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) exhibits significant variability, affecting the food and water security of the densely populated Indian subcontinent. The two dominant spatial modes of ISMR variability are associated with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the strength of the semi-permanent monsoon trough along with related variability in monsoon depressions, respectively. Although the robust teleconnection between ENSO and ISMR has been well established for several decades, the major drivers leading to the time-varying relationship between ENSO and ISMR patterns across different regions of the country are not well understood. Our analysis shows a consistent increase from a moderate to substantially strong teleconnection strength between ENSO and ISMR from 1901 to 1940. This strengthened relationship remained stable and strong between 1941 and 1980. However, in the recent period from 1981 to 2018 the teleconnection decreased consistently again to a moderate strength. We find that the ENSO–ISMR relationship exhibits distinct regional variability with time-varying relationship over the north, central, and south India. Specifically, the teleconnection displays an increasing relationship for north India, a decreasing relationship for central India and a consistent relationship for south India. Warm SST anomalies over the eastern Pacific Ocean correspond to an overall decrease in the ISMR, while warm SST anomalies over the Indian Ocean corresponds to a decrease in rainfall over the north and increase over the south of India. The central Indian region experienced the most substantial variation in the ENSO–ISMR relationship. This variation corresponds to the variability of the monsoon trough and depressions, strongly influenced by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation, which regulate the relative dominance of the two spatial modes of ISMR. By applying the PCA-Biplot technique, our study highlights the significant impacts of various climate drivers on the two dominant spatial modes of ISMR which account for the evolving nature of the ENSO–ISMR relationship.
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- 2023
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4. Undiagnosed hypertension and associated factors among adults in the urban field practice area of AIIMS Raipur: A community-based screening survey
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Ekta Krishna, Anjali Pal, Abhiruchi Galhotra, Arvind Kumar Shukla, Pragyan Paramita Parija, Vineet Kumar Pathak, U R Rajath Rao, and Bijaya Nanda Naik
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cross-sectional study ,risk factors ,screening ,steps ,undiagnosed hypertension ,Medicine - Abstract
Introduction: Undiagnosed hypertension (HTN) increases the risk of severe consequences such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), hypertensive retinopathy, heart failure, and stroke. Population-based screening can be used to expose the hidden diseased mass with active disease. Thus, a screening survey was conducted to estimate the proportion of people with HTN among apparently healthy adults of age ≥30 years residing at the urban field practice area (UHTC) of AIIMS, Raipur, and also determine the predictors of undiagnosed HTN among the study participants. Methodology: This was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted over 2 months duration in the Ramnagar area, which comes under the urban field practice area of AIIMS Raipur using the STEPS tool is an acronym of study tool provided by WHO i.e. STEPwise approach to NCD risk factor surveillance consisting of three steps viz. questionnaire for behavioural risk factors, physical measurements and biochemical measurements. Results: In this study, 24.2% (95%, confidence interval [CI]: 20.1–28.2) of participants screened positive for HTN. The proportion of males who screened positive for HTN was 28.8% (95% CI: 22.6–35), whereas the proportion of females who screened positive for HTN was 19.6% (95% CI: 14.3–25). In this study, elderly (>60 years), male gender, daily tobacco use, greater waist circumference (male >90 cm and female >80 cm), and daily salt intake of more than 5 g were found to have higher odds of having HTN. Conclusion: The prevalence of undiagnosed HTN in the UHTC of AIIMS Raipur was quite high.
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- 2023
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5. Multi-species occupancy modeling suggests interspecific interaction among the three ungulate species
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Hemant Singh, Amira Sharief, Bheem Dutt Joshi, Vineet Kumar, Tanoy Mukherjee, Kailash Chandra, Nitin Bhardwaj, Mukesh Thakur, and Lalit Kumar Sharma
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Species with sympatric distribution influence ecosystem dynamics and are impacted by the presence of other co-existing species. Assessing the coexistence and the role of interspecific interactions with the landscape variables is necessary to know the species co-occurrence in space. In the Indian Himalayan region, such studies are completely lacking due to limited efforts being made, mainly because of complex terrains and inaccessible landscape features. We used camera trapping and sign survey in a multi-species occupancy framework to understand the influence of environmental variables on occupancy and detection probability of species-specific and pair-wise interaction of the three ungulates in Uttarkashi. Our results concluded that individual species' occupancy probabilities were related both to the environmental variables and the presence or absence of other interacting species. Our top model showed evidence of interspecific interaction among species pairs, and the occupancy probability of species one varied in the presence or absence of another species. The overall activity patterns were similar among all the three species and were found active throughout the day. The activity overlap between sambar—barking deer (Dhat1 value = 0.85) was considerably higher than barking deer—goral (Dhat1 value = 0.78). The findings of the present study will be useful for the conservation and management of ungulates in the Indian Himalayan and adjoining regions.
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- 2022
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6. Functional Outcome Analysis of Cubitus Varus Deformity Treatment in Children undergoing Modified French Osteotomy with Technical Modification: A Retrospective Cohort Study
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Madhusudan Mishra, Swagat Mahapatra, Vineet Kumar, Pankaj Aggarwal, Sachin Avasthi, Mohd Ammar Aslam, and Prabhat Kumar
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elbow deformity ,lateral closing wedge osteotomy ,paediatric ,Medicine - Abstract
Introduction: Lateral closing wedge osteotomy is an accepted correction method for cubitus varus deformity. The techniques used to fix the osteotomy mostly lead to either angulation or loss of correction during the final tightening of the Stainless Steel (SS) wire at the osteotomy site. The records for patients undergoing two modifications in a conventional modified French Osteotomy were analysed. Four wires, two proximal and two distal to the osteotomy site for precision and guided compression over the other additional Kirschner wire (K-wire) at the osteotomy site, were the two modifications in these patients. Aim: To analyse the functional outcome of cubitus varus deformity in children treated with technical modifications of modified French osteotomy. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study done at the Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. The study duration was three years (from April 2019 to April 2022). A total of 34 cubitus varus deformity patients were included in this study who were operated with lateral closing wedge-modified French osteotomy with technical modification by K-wires. The patients were followed-up for a minimum of six months. The results were analysed using Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) and Flynn’s criteria. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 was used and p-value
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- 2023
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7. Author Correction: Regional and temporal variability of Indian summer monsoon rainfall in relation to El Niño southern oscillation
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K. S. Athira, M. K. Roxy, Panini Dasgupta, J. S. Saranya, Vineet Kumar Singh, and Raju Attada
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Medicine ,Science - Published
- 2023
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8. Outcome Analysis of En-bloc Excision and Endoprosthetic Replacement among the Cases Operated for Distal Femoral and Proximal Tibial Giant Cell Tumour around the Knee: A Retrospective Study
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Sachin Avasthi, Swagat Mahapatra, Pankaj Aggarwal, Vineet Kumar, Ammar Aslam, Prabhat Kumar, and Madhusudan Mishra
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bone tumour ,malignant ,musculo skeletal tumour society score ,oxford knee score ,Medicine - Abstract
Introduction: Giant Cell Tumour (GCT) around the knee joint is the most common site for this locally malignant bone tumour and, in advanced stages, requires excision of the tumour mass. Current recommendations promote joint salvage procedures in allograft or mega prosthetic replacement. Patients undergoing this surgery need massive changes in their lifestyle to cope with their activities of daily living. The psychological and social impact following these procedures has not been extensively studied. Aim: To observe the long term functional results as well as the impact on quality of life in patients undergoing endoprosthetic replacements in GCT around the knee with emphasis on any difference in results among the cases operated for distal femoral and proximal tibial GCT. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow from June 2015 to June 2019 with a total sample size of 21 cases. The two groups formed were; one having GCT of distal end femur and the other group with GCT of proximal end tibia. The evaluation was done for outcome measures by Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and Musculo Skeletal Tumour Society score (MSTS) for their functional outcome and Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) for their quality of life effect at two years postoperatively. Students unpaired t-test was performed for intergroup analysis and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was done for within the group analysis for subsequent follow-up visits. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Results: The mean age of study population was 33.67±8.674 years. The male-female distribution was insignificant (p=0.673), providing us with a homogenous study group. Recurrent GCT was found significantly more commonly in the proximal tibia group than in the distal femur group (p=0.031). Comparison of OKS and MSTS preoperatively, at six months, at one year, and two years showed statistically significant improvement in successive follow-ups in both the distal femur and proximal tibia groups (p
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- 2023
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9. Efficacy of Comforting Manoeuvres in Reducing Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Caesarean Section under Regional Anaesthesia- Randomised Control Trial
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Pritam Yadav, Deepika Budhwar, Vineet Kumar, Suresh Singhal, Prashant Kumar, and Rahul Saini
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hand holding ,calming conversation ,haemodynamics ,anxiolytic therapy ,Medicine - Abstract
Introduction: Comforting manoeuvres like hand holding and calming conversation with the parturients may decrease anxiety among them by establishing a rapport and building confidence and trust to alleviate fear. Aim: Evaluation of role and effectiveness of comforting manoeuvres (hand holding and calming conversation) in relieving patient’s anxiety and subjective satisfaction undergoing caesarean section in regional anaesthesia. Materials and Methods: This was a single centre randomised control trial conducted in the Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India, from February 2022 to June 2022. There were 144 parturients, in the age group 18-40 years, American Society of Anaesthesiology (ASA) II, and admitted for Caesarean section under regional anaesthesia. Patients were randomised into four groups- control group (C)- group 1, only calming conversation (CC)- group 2, only Hand Holding (HH)- group 3 and Hand Holding and Calming Conversation (CH)- group 4. Demographic details of the patient, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for anxiety, Blood Pressure (BP), Heart Rate (HR), Respiratory Rate (RR) and patient satisfaction score on a 1-5 Likert scale were noted preoperatively. VAS was noted preoperatively and postoperatively for all groups. Patient Satisfication Score (PSS) was noted postoperatively. The HR, Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP), and RR were noted every 5 minutes for 20 minutes, then every 10 minutes till the end of the surgery, and 30 minutes after surgery. Any anxiolytic medication used intraoperatively was documented for all groups. Results: Total of 144 participants were analysed with 36 patients in each of four groups. Mean age (years) for group 1 was 23.36, group 2 was 23.25, group 3 was 23.17, and group 4 was 23.22. Baseline VAS was similar in all the groups. Post-operative VAS differed significantly - group 1 was 3.33±0.926, group 2 was 1.53±0.845, group 3 was1.47±0.845 and group 4 was 1.11±0.708. PSS also differed significantly - for group 1 was 2.42±0.732, group 2 was 3.50±0.697, group 3 was 3.67±0.717 and group 4 was 3.92±0.692. Stabilisation of hemodynamics in terms of BP, HR and RR was significantly better in all three interventional groups as compared to the control group. Conclusion: All three manoeuvres (hand holding, calming conversation alone and in combination) were equally effective in reducing perioperative anxiety, stabilising the hemodynamics and improving patient satisfaction in parturients undergoing caesarean section under regional anaesthesia. Comforting manoeuvres are simple, easy to practice and without any financial implication.
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- 2023
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10. Comparison of Intrathecal Bupivacaine with Levobupivacaine using Fentanyl as an Adjuvant for Transurethral Resection of Prostate-A Randomised Controlled Trial
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Indira Malik, Sheenam Kamboj, Hemant Kamal, Suresh Kumar Singhal, Vineet Kumar, and Deepika Seelwal
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analgesia ,elderly ,hypotension ,mean arterial pressure ,Medicine - Abstract
Introduction: Transurethral Resection of Prostate (TURP) is a common surgical procedure performed for Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH), most commonly under Spinal Anaesthesia (SA). It is generally tolerated well by the elderly but since they suffer from several co-morbidities, therefore, it is desirable to avoid hypotension following SA, in these patients. Levobupivacaine, a pure S enantiomer of racemic bupivacaine has emerged as a safe alternative to bupivacaine with similar efficacy and better pharmacokinetic profile. Aim: To compare the efficacy of intrathecal levobupivacaine with bupivacaine using fentanyl as adjuvant in TURP. Materials and Methods: This randomised controlled trial was conducted at Pandit BD Sharma Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India, between March 2022 to September 2022. Fifty patients, 50-80 years of age, American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) I-III, posted for TURP under SA, were included in the study and divided into two groups: group B (n=25): Inj. bupivacaine (0.5%) hyperbaric 12.5 mg+25 μg fentanyl citrate, group L (n=25): Inj. levobupivacaine (0.5%) isobaric 12.5mg+25μg fentanyl citrate. Onset of sensory and motor block, time to onset of maximum sensory and motor block, Heart Rate (HR), Systolic Bood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Bood Pressure (DBP) and Mean Arterial Pressures (MAP) were recorded. Data analysis was done with the help computer software using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 24.0. Means, standard deviations, Chi-square, t-values and p-values were calculated, p-value
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- 2023
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11. Prevalence of high-risk pregnancy among pregnant women enrolled under Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan in government health facilities of district Etawah, Uttar Pradesh: A cross-sectional study
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Ajay K Prajapati, Vineet Kumar, Kanchan Soni, Naresh Pal Singh, Pankaj Kumar Jain, and Ruchi
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high-risk pregnancy ,maternal mortality rate ,pmsma ,prevalence ,Medicine - Abstract
Background: According to the Sample Registration System report, India has reduced the maternal mortality rate from 130 per 100,000 live births in 2014–2016 to 113 per 100,000 live births in 2016–2018. The main purpose of antenatal care is to identify “high-risk” cases as early as possible from a large group of antenatal mothers and provide them skilled and appropriate care. Objective: To determine the prevalence of high-risk pregnancy (HRP) in pregnant females availing services under pradhan mantri surakshit matritva abhiyan (PMSMA) and to assess awareness of pregnant mothers about services provided under PMSMA in district Etawah of Uttar Pradesh. Material and Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 400 female beneficiaries who were registered under the PMSMA scheme and delivered their baby at any government health facility during one year of study period. Results: It was observed that from all the antenatal women visiting the community health center for HRP day under the PMSMA scheme, 162 (40.5%) were categorized as HRPs and 238 (59.6%) of them were nonhigh-risk pregnancies. A statistically significant association was observed (P-value = 0.005 at 95% CI) between the difference in the proportion of HRPs and the educational status of the pregnant mothers. Out of 400 beneficiaries, 167 (41.75%) were aware of the PMSMA scheme. Conclusion: Regular antenatal care (ANC) check-ups, early identification of HRP, health education, and timely screening are needed to reduce maternal mortality.
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- 2022
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12. Post and long-COVID conditions: Epidemiology, clinical symptoms and the prevention and treatment
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Pooja Chauhan, Vineet Kumar Pathak, Dewesh Kumar, Anita Upadhyay, Anirban Chatterjee, and Chandrakant Lahariya
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covid-19 ,long-covid ,pandemic ,post covid ,india ,sars cov-2 ,Medicine - Abstract
A proportion of individuals affected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 continue to have COVID-19 symptoms even after recovering from illness. These are termed as post-COVID condition (PCC)/long-COVID. Evidence suggests that symptoms of COVID-19 along with other generalised sequelae may persist in some patients with severe and very severe disease, as well as in patients who had mild or no symptoms. The management of PCC is a challenge as there is limited understanding about the issue even in healthcare professionals. Then, there is not enough documentation of post-COVID and long-COVID in India. From public health perspective, the health services and facilities have not been re-designed to tackle the situation. This review article aims to explore PCC and compilation of current international and national public health response along with recommendations to identify and manage the PCC at the primary. The article concludes the urgent need to document the burden of PCCs in India, develop standard case definition and equip primary healthcare facilities and providers with the requisite skills to manage the PCC. The governments, health care providers and facilities and public health bodies should also encourage and foster continuing country specific data, analysis and research into the determinants, duration and probable treatment modalities of PCC. The post and long-COVID conditions would require sustained policy and programmatic attention in all countries with special focus in low and middle income country settings.
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- 2022
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13. A Study on Prevalence of Depression Among Health Care Workers of a Tertiary Care Center in Northern India During COVID-19 Pandemic
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Vikesh Gupta, Sukhjit Singh, Vineet Kumar, and Pankaj Kanwar
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covid-19 ,depression ,health care workers ,stress ,Medicine - Abstract
Background: COVID-19 pandemic has given rise to a diverse set of problems related to mental health, employment, economic wellbeing, access to education, inflation, transportation, and vaccination in addition to physical health consequences. Health care workers (HCWs), being in forefront of providing care to COVID-19 patients, are a special vulnerable population suffering from COVID-19-related mental health problems. Method: A cross-sectional study to assess the prevalence of depression among HCWs working in different specialties of a tertiary care health center of Northern India was done. A self-designed performa containing sociodemographic details along with the “Zung self-rating depression scale” was used to obtain the prevalence of depression among HCWs. Result: Among 192 participants, 14.58% had signs of depression, out of which 11.96% had mild, 1.56% had moderate, and 1.04% had signs of severe depression. Conclusion: The depression among HCWs has increased after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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- 2022
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14. Nutritional anaemia in children in post supplementation era: A cross sectional study
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Rajesh Kumar, Manoj Kumar Singh, Vineet Kumar Singh, Pankaj Kumar, Sheo Pratap Singh, Renu Agrwal, and Chandrakanta Dr
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nutritional anaemia ,megaloblastic anemia ,iron deficency anemia ,Medicine - Abstract
Background: Nutritional anemia is still the primary cause of anemia despite of various nutritional programmes in developing countries. Aims and Objective: The present study was planned to asses Iron, Folate, and Vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia in developing countries. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care centre in Agra in collaboration with Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi. Admitted children of age 6 months to 14 years having signs and symptoms of anaemia were included in the study. Sample size calculated was 157. All the cases were subjected to CBC, GBP, serum iron, ferritin, folate and vitamin B12 level estimation. Results: Out of 672 children, 157 children with clinical feature of anaemia were enrolled in the study. Among these 157 children, 52.87% were male. Percent proportion of anaemia was highest among toddlers (27.39%) and lowest in adolescent (10.83%). The maximum cases were of urban area (65.6%) and middle socioeconomic status (47.13%). Most of the children were undernourished/underweight (60.4%). Mean iron level was significantly low in female children, children of rural areas, low socioeconomic status and malnutrition/underweight. Mixed iron, folate and B12 deficiency was found in 48.41%, 30.57% and 22.93% cases respectively. In 24.20% cases no deficiencies were found and were classified as anaemia due to some unspecified causes. Conclusion: Nutritional deficiency anaemia is contributing to a large proportion of anaemic patients. More intensified programmes are needed especially for female children, children of rural areas, low socioeconomic status and malnutrition/underweight.
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- 2021
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15. Author reply: Post-COVID syndrome is a call for more research on all ‘post-viral illness syndromes’
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Anita Upadhyay, Vineet Kumar Pathak, and Chandrakant Lahariya
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Medicine - Published
- 2023
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16. Role of warm ocean conditions and the MJO in the genesis and intensification of extremely severe cyclone Fani
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Vineet Kumar Singh, M. K. Roxy, and Medha Deshpande
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Cyclone Fani, in April 2019, was the strongest pre-monsoon cyclone to form in the Bay of Bengal after 1994. It underwent rapid intensification and intensified quickly to an extremely severe cyclone. It maintained a wind speed of ≥ 51 m s−1 (≥ 100 knots) for a record time period of 36 h. The total lifespan of the cyclone was double than the climatological lifespan. Also, the duration of the cyclone in its extremely severe phase and the accumulated cyclone energy were significantly larger than the climatological records for the pre-monsoon season. In the current study, we investigate the ocean-atmospheric conditions that led to its genesis, rapid intensification and long lifespan. Our analysis shows that the Madden Julian Oscillation and anomalous high sea surface temperatures provided conducive dynamic and thermodynamic conditions for the genesis of cyclone Fani, despite forming very close to the equator where cyclogenesis is generally unlikely. Further, favourable ocean subsurface conditions and the presence of a warm core eddy in the region led to its rapid intensification to an extremely severe cyclone. A large area of warm ocean surface and subsurface temperatures aided the cyclone to maintain very high wind speed for a record time period. The vital role of the ocean surface and the subsurface in the genesis and the intensification highlights the need to efficiently incorporate ocean initial conditions (surface and sub-surface) and ocean–atmosphere coupling in the operational cyclone forecasting framework.
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- 2021
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17. A pilot multicentre cluster randomised trial to compare the effect of trauma life support training programmes on patient and provider outcomes
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Vineet Kumar, Marie Hasselberg, Amit Roy, Kapil Dev Soni, Nobhojit Roy, Martin Gerdin Wärnberg, Monty Khajanchi, Anurag Mishra, Prashant Bhandarkar, Anirban Chatterjee, Catherine Juillard, Li Fellander-Tsai, Johanna Berg, Anita Gadgil, Shamita Chatterjee, Chintamani Chintamani, Geeta Ghag, Deepa Kizhakke Veetil, Debabrata Kundu, Priti Patil, Siddarth David, Rajdeep Singh, Harris Solomon, Lovisa Strömmer, and Megha Tandon
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Medicine - Abstract
Introduction Trauma accounts for nearly 10% of the global burden of disease. Several trauma life support programmes aim to improve trauma outcomes. There is no evidence from controlled trials to show the effect of these programmes on patient outcomes. We describe the protocol of a pilot study that aims to assess the feasibility of conducting a cluster randomised controlled trial comparing advanced trauma life support (ATLS) and primary trauma care (PTC) with standard care.Methods and analysis We will pilot a pragmatic three-armed parallel, cluster randomised controlled trial in India, where neither of these programmes are routinely taught. We will recruit tertiary hospitals and include trauma patients and residents managing these patients. Two hospitals will be randomised to ATLS, two to PTC and two to standard care. The primary outcome will be all-cause mortality at 30 days from the time of arrival to the emergency department. Our secondary outcomes will include patient, provider and process measures. All outcomes except time-to-event outcomes will be measured both as final values as well as change from baseline. We will compare outcomes in three combinations of trial arms: ATLS versus PTC, ATLS versus standard care and PTC versus standard care using absolute and relative differences along with associated CIs. We will conduct subgroup analyses across the clinical subgroups men, women, blunt multisystem trauma, penetrating trauma, shock, severe traumatic brain injury and elderly. In parallel to the pilot study, we will conduct community consultations to inform the planning of the full-scale trial.Ethics and dissemination We will apply for ethics approvals to the local institutional review board in each hospital. The protocol will be published to Clinical Trials Registry—India and ClinicalTrials.gov. The results will be published and the anonymised data and code for analysis will be released publicly.
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- 2022
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18. Free spermidine evokes superoxide radicals that manifest toxicity
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Vineet Kumar, Rajesh Kumar Mishra, Debarghya Ghose, Arunima Kalita, Pulkit Dhiman, Anand Prakash, Nirja Thakur, Gopa Mitra, Vinod D Chaudhari, Amit Arora, and Dipak Dutta
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Escherichia coli ,SpeG ,spermidine toxicity ,superoxide radical ,iron metabolism ,oxidative stress ,Medicine ,Science ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Spermidine and other polyamines alleviate oxidative stress, yet excess spermidine seems toxic to Escherichia coli unless it is neutralized by SpeG, an enzyme for the spermidine N-acetyl transferase function. Thus, wild-type E. coli can tolerate applied exogenous spermidine stress, but ΔspeG strain of E. coli fails to do that. Here, using different reactive oxygen species (ROS) probes and performing electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, we provide evidence that although spermidine mitigates oxidative stress by lowering overall ROS levels, excess of it simultaneously triggers the production of superoxide radicals, thereby causing toxicity in the ΔspeG strain. Furthermore, performing microarray experiment and other biochemical assays, we show that the spermidine-induced superoxide anions affected redox balance and iron homeostasis. Finally, we demonstrate that while RNA-bound spermidine inhibits iron oxidation, free spermidine interacts and oxidizes the iron to evoke superoxide radicals directly. Therefore, we propose that the spermidine-induced superoxide generation is one of the major causes of spermidine toxicity in E. coli.
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- 2022
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19. Pretreatment Out-of-Pocket Expenses for Presumptive Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients, India, 2016–2017
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Priya Rathi, Kalpita Shringarpure, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Vineet Kumar Chadha, Vishak Acharya, Abirami Nair, Karuna D. Sagili, and Suresh Shastri
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Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis ,MDR TB ,tuberculosis and other mycobacteria ,presumptive MDR TB ,direct cost ,indirect cost ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
In India, under the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme, the government provides free treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; however, many patients seek care elsewhere, which is costly. To determine those out-of-pocket expenses, we interviewed 40 presumptive patients and found that they spent more than their median annual income before registering for the government program.
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- 2020
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20. COVID-19 reinfection: Linked possibilities and future outlook
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Ekta Krishna, Vineet Kumar Pathak, Reshma Prasad, Hannah Jose, and M Mohan Kumar
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antibody ,covid ,immunity ,pandemic ,radiological investigation ,re-infection ,sars ,Medicine - Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is the third major coronavirus epidemic to affect humans. There had been multiple instances of patients turning positive after recovering from SARS-2-CoV infection. Though many different theories emerge, false positive RT-PCR is logically the foremost cause and there is a general consensus that during quarantine re-infection from outside seems unlikely when strictly adhered to. As many new strains emerge worldwide during the course of on-going pandemic, the chances of re-infection cannot be ignored as it may contribute to false negative RT-PCR test results. SARS-2-CoV though a novel virus, is phylogenetically similar to SARS-like CoV with around 79% similarity. Studies on immunological response to these infections suggest that antibodies formed after infection confers immunity only for a short period of time before it starts to wane. Also studies on SARS-CoV-2 suggest that antibody formation and longevity of immunity in an individual is dependent on the strain of coronavirus, its severity and age of the person infected. All these considerations demand reviewing the treatment duration, discharge criteria, appropriate use of imaging techniques and importance of risk communication and health education to those recovered.
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- 2020
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21. Tribal population in India: A public health challenge and road to future
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M Mohan Kumar, Vineet Kumar Pathak, and Manisha Ruikar
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burden of disease ,health care ,health care delivery ,public health systems ,tribal health ,Medicine - Abstract
India with 8.6% of tribal population is finding it difficult to bridge the gap that exists between tribal and non-tribal population in regards to healthcare. Tribal population suffers triple burden of disease; in fact it is quadruple, namely, communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases, malnutrition, mental health, and addictions complicated by poor health seeking behavior. With increasing needs, an Expert committee on Tribal health has given recommendations with the goal to bridge the current gap in the health status of tribal people latest by the year 2027. An entirely parallel health system has been proposed with key focus areas, governance, and financing. To summarize and report the present scenario in terms of disease burden, health-seeking behavior, healthcare delivery system, and a roadmap for the future along the importance of primary healthcare in achieving it. Mere establishment of more health facilities cannot overcome the poor health of tribal population and so the role of trained manpower to deliver quality healthcare, in which case the role of traditional healers, local Tribal boys and girls comes in handy. It is high time and states should act swiftly to assess the needs, priorities of their own tribal population and set goals, targets to achieve the same through proven public health strategies.
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- 2020
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22. Landscape use and co-occurrence pattern of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) and its prey species in the fragile ecosystem of Spiti Valley, Himachal Pradesh.
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Amira Sharief, Vineet Kumar, Hemant Singh, Tanoy Mukherjee, Ritam Dutta, Bheem Dutt Joshi, Saurav Bhattacharjee, Chinnasamy Ramesh, Kailash Chandra, Mukesh Thakur, and Lalit Kumar Sharma
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) plays a vital role in maintaining the integrity of the high mountain ecosystem by regulating prey populations and maintaining plant community structure. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the role of the snow leopard and its interaction with prey species. Further, elucidating landscape use and co-occurrence of snow leopard and its prey species can be used to assess the differential use of habitat, allowing them to coexist. We used camera trapping and sign survey to study the interactions of snow leopard and its prey species (Siberian Ibex- Capra sibrica and Blue sheep-Pseudois nayaur) in the Spiti valley Himachal Pradesh. Using the occupancy modelling, we examined whether these prey and predator species occur together more or less frequently than would be expected by chance. To understand this, we have used ten covariates considering the ecology of the studied species. Our results suggest habitat covariates, such as LULC16 (barren area), LULC10 (grassland), ASP (aspect), SLP (slope) and DW (distance to water), are important drivers of habitat use for the snow leopard as well as its prey species. Furthermore, we found that the snow leopard detection probability was high if the site was used by its prey species, i.e., ibex and blue sheep. Whereas, in the case of the prey species, the probability of detection was low when the predator (snow leopard) was present and detected. Besides this, our results suggested that both species were less likely to detect together than expected if they were independent (Snow leopard-Ibex, Delta = 0.29, and snow leopard-blue sheep, Delta = 0.28, both the values are
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- 2022
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23. Predictors of mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients and risk score formulation for prioritizing tertiary care-An experience from South India.
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Narendran Gopalan, Sumathi Senthil, Narmadha Lakshmi Prabakar, Thirumaran Senguttuvan, Adhin Bhaskar, Muthukumaran Jagannathan, Ravi Sivaraman, Jayalakshmi Ramasamy, Ponnuraja Chinnaiyan, Vijayalakshmi Arumugam, Banumathy Getrude, Gautham Sakthivel, Vignes Anand Srinivasalu, Dhanalakshmi Rajendran, Arunjith Nadukkandiyil, Vaishnavi Ravi, Sadiqa Nasreen Hifzour Rahamane, Nirmal Athur Paramasivam, Tamizhselvan Manoharan, Maheshwari Theyagarajan, Vineet Kumar Chadha, Mohan Natrajan, Baskaran Dhanaraj, Manoj Vasant Murhekar, Shanthi Malar Ramalingam, and Padmapriyadarsini Chandrasekaran
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BackgroundWe retrospectively data-mined the case records of Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed COVID-19 patients hospitalized to a tertiary care centre to derive mortality predictors and formulate a risk score, for prioritizing admission.Methods and findingsData on clinical manifestations, comorbidities, vital signs, and basic lab investigations collected as part of routine medical management at admission to a COVID-19 tertiary care centre in Chengalpattu, South India between May and November 2020 were retrospectively analysed to ascertain predictors of mortality in the univariate analysis using their relative difference in distribution among 'survivors' and 'non-survivors'. The regression coefficients of those factors remaining significant in the multivariable logistic regression were utilised for risk score formulation and validated in 1000 bootstrap datasets. Among 746 COVID-19 patients hospitalised [487 "survivors" and 259 "non-survivors" (deaths)], there was a slight male predilection [62.5%, (466/746)], with a higher mortality rate observed among 40-70 years age group [59.1%, (441/746)] and highest among diabetic patients with elevated urea levels [65.4% (68/104)]. The adjusted odds ratios of factors [OR (95% CI)] significant in the multivariable logistic regression were SaO23; 3.01 (1.61-5.83), Age ≥50 years;2.52 (1.45-4.43), Pulse Rate ≥100/min: 2.02 (1.19-3.47) and coexisting Diabetes Mellitus; 1.73 (1.02-2.95) with hypertension and gender not retaining their significance. The individual risk scores for SaO23-11, Age ≥50 years-9, Pulse Rate ≥100/min-7 and coexisting diabetes mellitus-6, acronymed collectively as 'OUR-ARDs score' showed that the sum of scores ≥ 25 predicted mortality with a sensitivity-90%, specificity-64% and AUC of 0.85.ConclusionsThe 'OUR ARDs' risk score, derived from easily assessable factors predicting mortality, offered a tangible solution for prioritizing admission to COVID-19 tertiary care centre, that enhanced patient care but without unduly straining the health system.
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- 2022
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24. Development and temporal external validation of a simple risk score tool for prediction of outcomes after severe head injury based on admission characteristics from level-1 trauma centre of India using retrospectively collected data
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Ravindra Mohan Pandey, Deepak Agrawal, and Vineet Kumar Kamal
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Medicine - Abstract
Objective To develop and validate a simple risk scores chart to estimate the probability of poor outcomes in patients with severe head injury (HI).Design Retrospective.Setting Level-1, government-funded trauma centre, India.Participants Patients with severe HI admitted to the neurosurgery intensive care unit during 19 May 2010–31 December 2011 (n=946) for the model development and further, data from same centre with same inclusion criteria from 1 January 2012 to 31 July 2012 (n=284) for the external validation of the model.Outcome(s) In-hospital mortality and unfavourable outcome at 6 months.Results A total of 39.5% and 70.7% had in-hospital mortality and unfavourable outcome, respectively, in the development data set. The multivariable logistic regression analysis of routinely collected admission characteristics revealed that for in-hospital mortality, age (51–60, >60 years), motor score (1, 2, 4), pupillary reactivity (none), presence of hypotension, basal cistern effaced, traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage/intraventricular haematoma and for unfavourable outcome, age (41–50, 51–60, >60 years), motor score (1–4), pupillary reactivity (none, one), unequal limb movement, presence of hypotension were the independent predictors as its 95% confidence interval (CI) of odds ratio (OR)_did not contain one. The discriminative ability (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (95% CI)) of the score chart for in-hospital mortality and 6 months outcome was excellent in the development data set (0.890 (0.867 to 912) and 0.894 (0.869 to 0.918), respectively), internal validation data set using bootstrap resampling method (0.889 (0.867 to 909) and 0.893 (0.867 to 0.915), respectively) and external validation data set (0.871 (0.825 to 916) and 0.887 (0.842 to 0.932), respectively). Calibration showed good agreement between observed outcome rates and predicted risks in development and external validation data set (p>0.05).Conclusion For clinical decision making, we can use of these score charts in predicting outcomes in new patients with severe HI in India and similar settings.
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- 2021
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25. Determinants of severity among hospitalised COVID-19 patients: Hospital-based case-control study, India, 2020.
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Sanjay P Zodpey, Himanshu Negandhi, Vineet Kumar Kamal, Tarun Bhatnagar, Parasuraman Ganeshkumar, Arvind Athavale, Amiruddin Kadri, Amit Patel, A Bhagyalaxmi, Deepak Khismatrao, E Theranirajan, Getrude Banumathi, Krishna Singh, P Parameshwari, Prasita Kshirsagar, Rita Saxena, Sanjay G Deshpande, Kadloor Satyanand, Saurabh Hadke, Simmi Dube, Sudarshini Subramaniam, Surabhi Madan, Swapnali Kadam, Tanu Anand, Kathiresan Jeyashree, Manickam Ponnaiah, Manish Rana, Manoj V Murhekar, and Dcs Reddy
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BackgroundRisk factors for the development of severe COVID-19 disease and death have been widely reported across several studies. Knowledge about the determinants of severe disease and mortality in the Indian context can guide early clinical management.MethodsWe conducted a hospital-based case control study across nine sites in India to identify the determinants of severe and critical COVID-19 disease.FindingsWe identified age above 60 years, duration before admission >5 days, chronic kidney disease, leucocytosis, prothrombin time > 14 sec, serum ferritin >250 ng/mL, d-dimer >0.5 ng/mL, pro-calcitonin >0.15 μg/L, fibrin degradation products >5 μg/mL, C-reactive protein >5 mg/L, lactate dehydrogenase >150 U/L, interleukin-6 >25 pg/mL, NLR ≥3, and deranged liver function, renal function and serum electrolytes as significant factors associated with severe COVID-19 disease.InterpretationWe have identified a set of parameters that can help in characterising severe COVID-19 cases in India. These parameters are part of routinely available investigations within Indian hospital settings, both public and private. Study findings have the potential to inform clinical management protocols and identify patients at high risk of severe outcomes at an early stage.
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- 2021
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26. Global impact of environmental temperature and BCG vaccination coverage on the transmissibility and fatality rate of COVID-19.
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Amit Kumar, Shubham Misra, Vivek Verma, Ramesh K Vishwakarma, Vineet Kumar Kamal, Manabesh Nath, Kiran Prakash, Ashish Datt Upadhyay, and Jitendra Kumar Sahu
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
The 2019-Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has had a global impact. The effect of environmental temperature on transmissibility and fatality rate of COVID-19 and protective efficacy of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination towards COVID-19 remains ambiguous. Therefore, we explored the global impact of environmental temperature and neonatal BCG vaccination coverage on transmissibility and fatality rate of COVID-19. The COVID-19 data for reported cases, deaths and global temperature were collected from 31st December 2020 to 3rd April 2020 for 67 countries. Temperature data were split into quartiles for all three categories (minimum temperature, maximum temperature and mean temperature). The impact of three types of temperature data and policy of BCG vaccination on COVID-19 infection was determined by applying the multivariable two-level negative binomial regression analysis keeping daily new cases and daily mortality as outcome. The highest number of cases fell in the temperature categories as following: mean temperature in the second quartile (6°C to 10.5°C), median 26, interquartile range (IQR) 237; minimum temperature in the first quartile (-26°C to 1°C), median 23, IQR 173; maximum temperature in the second quartile (10°C to 16°C), median 27.5, IQR 219. For the minimum temperature category, 28% statistically significant lower incidence was noted for new cases from the countries falling in the second quartile (2°C to 6°C) compared with countries falling in the first quartile (-26°C to 1°C) (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57 to 0.93). However, no statistically significant difference in incidence rate was observed for mean temperature categories in comparison to the first quartile. Countries with BCG vaccination policy had 58% less mortality as compared with countries without BCG coverage (IRR 0.42; 95% CI 0.18 to 0.95). Our exploratory study provides evidence that high temperature might not be associated with low transmissibility and countries having neonatal BCG vaccination policy had a low fatality rate of COVID-19.
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- 2020
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27. A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the incidence of postoperative pain and flare-ups in single and multiple visits root canal treatment
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Vineet Kumar Dhyani, Sanjay Chhabra, Abha Dhyani, and V.K. Sharma
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0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Single visit ,Root canal ,Postoperative pain ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,030106 microbiology ,Analgesic ,General Medicine ,law.invention ,Surgery ,Tenderness ,03 medical and health sciences ,Regimen ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Background Irreversible pulpitis is a painful and debilitating condition. Root canal treatment (RCT) provides prompt relief and salvages the affected tooth/teeth. It has classically been performed as a multivisit procedure. A relatively newer approach constitutes performing all the steps in one single visit. This study was designed to explore if single-visit RCT could be confidently used as an effective and preferred treatment modality for irreversible pulpitis in the Indian Armed forces. Methods The study compared the incidence of postoperative pain, tenderness on percussion (TOP), flare-ups, and the analgesic drug use in 60 cases of acute irreversible pulpitis who were treated by either single or multiple visit root canal therapy. Each treatment group included 30 patients who were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively at 24 h, one week and one month. Results The study found statistically higher incidence of postoperative pain (mild variant) and TOP in single visit therapy, 24 h after the obturation while the difference was insignificant at one week and one month after therapy. Analgesic use was significantly higher after the single visit therapy in the first 24 h. No flare-ups were recorded in either group. Significant pain and tenderness was observed after chemo-mechanical preparation (appointment 2) in multivisit regimen. Conclusion Single visit therapy is a safe, practical, and effective approach. The treatment results are similar to the multivisit regimen. It should therefore be considered for wider adoption and application.
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- 2022
28. Insights into the functionality of endophytic actinobacteria with a focus on their biosynthetic potential and secondary metabolites production
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Ajit Kumar Passari, Vineet Kumar Mishra, Garima Singh, Pratibha Singh, Brijesh Kumar, Vijai Kumar Gupta, Rupak Kumar Sarma, Ratul Saikia, Anthonia O’. Donovan, and Bhim Pratap Singh
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Endophytic actinobacteria play an important role in growth promotion and development of host plant by producing enormous quantities of novel bioactive natural products. In the present investigation, 169 endophytic actinobacteria were isolated from endospheric tissues of Rhynchotoechum ellipticum. Based on their antimicrobial potential, 81 strains were identified by 16rRNA gene analysis, which were taxonomically grouped into 15 genera. All identified strains were screened for their plant growth promoting attributes and, for the presence of modular polyketide synthases (PKSI, PKSII and nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene clusters to correlate the biosynthetic genes with their functional properties. Expression studies and antioxidant potential for four representative strains were evaluated using qRT-PCR and DPPH assay respectively. Additionally, six antibiotics (erythromycin, ketoconazole, fluconazole, chloramphenicol, rifampicin and miconazole) and nine phenolic compounds (catechin, kaempferol, chebulagic acid, chlorogenic acid, Asiatic acid, ferulic acid, arjunic acid, gallic acid and boswellic acid) were detected and quantified using UHPLC-QqQLIT-MS/MS. Furthermore, three strains (BPSAC77, 121 and 101) showed the presence of the anticancerous compound paclitaxel which was reported for the first time from endophytic actinobacteria. This study provides a holistic picture, that endophytic actinobacteria are rich bacterial resource for bioactive natural products, which has a great prospective in agriculture and pharmaceutical industries.
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- 2017
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29. Integrin beta8 (ITGB8) activates VAV-RAC1 signaling via FAK in the acquisition of endometrial epithelial cell receptivity for blastocyst implantation
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Vijay Kumar, Upendra Kumar Soni, Vineet Kumar Maurya, Kiran Singh, and Rajesh Kumar Jha
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Integrin beta8 (ITGB8) is involved in the endometrial receptivity. The blastocyst first interacts with the luminal endometrial epithelial cells during its implantation; therefore, we have investigated the signaling of ITGB8 via FAK and VAV-RAC1 in the endometrial epithelial cells. Integrin beta8 was found elevated in epithelial cells at late-pre-receptive (day4, 1600 h) and receptive (day5, 0500 h) stages of endometrial receptivity period in the mouse. Integrins downstream molecule FAK has demonstrated an increased expression and phosphorylation (Y397) in the endometrium as well as in the isolated endometrial epithelial cells during receptive and post-receptive stages. Integrin beta8 can functionally interact with FAK, VAV and RAC1 as the levels of phosphorylated-FAK, and VAV along with the RAC-GTP form was reduced after ITGB8 knockdown in the endometrial epithelial cells and uterus. Further, VAV and RAC1 were seen poorly active in the absence of FAK activity, suggesting a crosstalk of ITGB8 and FAK for VAV and RAC1 activation in the endometrial epithelial cells. Silencing of ITGB8 expression and inhibition of FAK activity in the Ishikawa cells rendered poor attachment of JAr spheroids. In conclusion, ITGB8 activates VAV-RAC1 signaling axis via FAK to facilitate the endometrial epithelial cell receptivity for the attachment of blastocyst.
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- 2017
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30. Health behaviors, outcomes and their relationships among young men aged 18-24 years in a rural area of north India: A cross-sectional study.
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Sumit Malhotra, Shashi Kant, Farhad Ahamed, Ramashankar Rath, Mani Kalaivani, Sanjeev Kumar Gupta, S Ramadass, Vineet Kumar Pathak, Abhishek Jaiswal, Raghavan Parthasarath, Bhabani Prasad Acharya, and Vignesh Dwarakanathan
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BackgroundThere is limited information related to health behaviors and their related factors among young men in rural setting of India. This study was conducted to investigate multiple health risk behaviors and outcomes among young men aged 18-24 years in rural India.MethodsThis was a community-based cross-sectional survey conducted in the Ballabgarh block of Faridabad district, Haryana, India. Information regarding socio-demographic details, substance use, injury & violence, mental health and sexual behaviors were collected using a semi-structured interview schedule. Age adjusted prevalence estimates of behaviors and outcomes are computed along with 95% Confidence Intervals. Mediation analysis was carried out to examine relationships between socio-demographic variables, select behaviors and outcomes reported in the study.ResultsA total of 836 young men participated in the study, with mean (SD) age of 20.6 (1.9) years. The age-adjusted prevalence (with 95% Confidence Interval) for ever use of tobacco, alcohol, and other substances was 34.2% (33.9, 34.5), 23.4% (23.2, 23.6), and 4.5% (4.4, 4.5), respectively. Loneliness and suicidal thoughts were reported by 237 and 35 youth men with age adjusted prevalence as 28.6%, 95% CI: 28.4-28.8 and 4.3%, 95% CI: 4.23-4.31, respectively. A total of 330 young men met serious injury in past one year (prevalence 39.3%, 95%CI: 39.01-39.67). Almost one-third of men (prevalence 30.6%, 95%CI: 30.34-30.85) had engaged in pre-marital sexual intercourse. Current substance use was found to be significant mediator for associations with socio-demographic variables studied for dependent variables viz. pre-marital sexual intercourse and serious injury.ConclusionHigh prevalence of various risk behaviors and outcomes was found in young men aged 18-24 years in our rural setting. It is imperative that multi-component health intervention package be rolled out to address these.
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- 2019
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31. Correction: Health behaviors, outcomes and their relationships among young men aged 18-24 years in a rural area of north India: A cross-sectional study.
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Sumit Malhotra, Shashi Kant, Farhad Ahamed, Ramashankar Rath, Mani Kaladivani, Sanjeev Kumar Gupta, S Ramadass, Vineet Kumar Pathak, Abhishek Jaiswal, Raghavan Parthasarathy, Bhabani Prasad Acharya, and Vignesh Dwarakanathan
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220285.].
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- 2019
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32. COVID-19 Fear Among Health Care Workers (HCW) and Non-HCW in IGMC, Shimla: An Online Questionnaire-Based Prospective Study
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Vineet Kumar, Girish Kumar Sharma, Pamposh Raina, Kirti Rana, Manjeet Kumar, and Kailash Barwal
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education.field_of_study ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,QH301-705.5 ,business.industry ,pandemic ,Population ,Panic ,General Medicine ,Computer-assisted web interviewing ,covid-19 ,Family medicine ,Pandemic ,Health care ,fear ,Medicine ,Anxiety ,survey ,Biology (General) ,medicine.symptom ,business ,education ,Prospective cohort study - Abstract
The unremitting COVID-19 pandemic is evoking anxiety, fear, panic, and socio-occupational stress among human population all around the globe. This cross-sectional study was planned to assess the fear and anxiety because of COVID-19 pandemic among health care professionals, patients, and general public in IGMC, Shimla. A cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted in month of December 2020. COVID-19 fear questionnaire was used to assess fear among participants. A total of 162 responses were received. Ninety-five (41.35%) respondents were males and 67(58.64%) were females. Average total score of COVID-19 fear based on questionnaire was 17.71 among the participants. The majority of respondents 67(41.4%) were afraid of COVID-19, 53(32.7%) were neutral, whereas 42 (25.9%) were not afraid of COVID-19. Sixty-two (38.3%) responders were uncomfortable thinking about COVID-19, whereas, 67(41.4%) were not uncomfortable. Only 22 (13.6%) participants felt their hands clammy when they thought of COVID-19, 78 (48.15%) respondents were afraid of losing their life, 78 (48.15%) respondents disagreed with the question of being nervous or anxious to hear news and stories of COVID-19. Thirteen (8%) participants were informed of sleeplessness, and 22 (13.5%) reported palpitations due to COVID-19 fear. COVID-19 fear was evident in 65.15% of all males and 55.8% of all females’ respondents, respectively. Seventy percent of participants of age more than 40 years were afraid of COVID-19, whereas only 54.83% participants of less than 40 years had COVID-19 fear. COVID-19 fear was more evident among non-HCW (74.42%) as compared to HCW in whom it was seen in 53.03% participants. Rampaging Pandemic has ingrained fear and anxiety among non-HCW as well as health care workers. But undeterred by COVID-19 fear, majority of participants didn’t fear death and didn’t have other effects of fear. Despite (can be used) surging pandemic when fear of COVID-19 is soaring, HCW and non-HCW could work, think, and live.
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- 2021
33. Recurrence of tuberculosis among newly diagnosed sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated under the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme, India: A multi-centric prospective study.
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Banurekha Velayutham, Vineet Kumar Chadha, Neeta Singla, Pratibha Narang, Vikas Gangadhar Rao, Sanjeev Nair, Srinivasan Ramalingam, Gomathi Narayanan Sivaramakrishnan, Bency Joseph, Sriram Selvaraju, Shivakumar Shanmugam, Rahul Narang, Praseeja Pachikkaran, Jyothi Bhat, Chinnaiyan Ponnuraja, Bhoomika Bajaj Bhalla, Bhadravathi Amarnath Shivashankara, George Sebastian, Rajiv Yadav, Ravendra Kumar Sharma, Rohit Sarin, Vithal Prasad Myneedu, Rupak Singla, Khalidumer Khayyam, Sunil Kumar Mrithunjayan, Subramonia Pillai Jayasankar, Praveen Sanker, Krishnaveni Viswanathan, Rajeevan Viswambharan, Kapil Mathuria, Manpreet Bhalla, Nitu Singh, Kondeshvar Balaji Tumane, Ajay Dawale, Chandra Prakash Tiwari, Radhelal Bansod, Lavanya Jayabal, Lakshmi Murali, Sunil D Khaparde, Raghuram Rao, Mohideen S Jawahar, and Mohan Natrajan
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
INTRODUCTION:There is lack of information on the proportion of new smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients treated with a 6-month thrice-weekly regimen under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) who develop recurrent TB after successful treatment outcome. OBJECTIVE:To estimate TB recurrence among newly diagnosed PTB patients who have successfully completed treatment and to document endogenous reactivation or re-infection. Risk factors for unfavourable outcomes to treatment and TB recurrence were determined. METHODOLOGY:Adult (aged ≥ 18 yrs) new smear positive PTB patients initiated on treatment under RNTCP were enrolled from sites in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Delhi, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Kerala. Those declared "treatment success" at the end of treatment were followed up with 2 sputum examinations each at 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment completion. MIRU-VNTR genotyping was done to identify endogenous re-activation or exogenous re-infection at TB recurrence. TB recurrence was expressed as rate per 100 person-years (with 95% confidence interval [95%CI]). Regression models were used to identify the risk factors for unfavourable response to treatment and TB recurrence. RESULTS:Of the1577 new smear positive PTB patients enrolled, 1565 were analysed. The overall cure rate was 77% (1207/1565) and treatment success was 77% (1210 /1565). The cure rate varied from 65% to 86%. There were 158 of 1210 patients who had TB recurrence after treatment success. The pooled TB recurrence estimate was 10.9% [95%CI: 0.2-21.6] and TB recurrence rate per 100 person-years was 12.7 [95% CI: 0.4-25]. TB recurrence per 100 person-years varied from 5.4 to 30.5. Endogenous reactivation was observed in 56 (93%) of 60 patients for whom genotyping was done. Male gender was associated with TB recurrence. CONCLUSION:A substantial proportion of new smear positive PTB patients successfully treated with 6 -month thrice-weekly regimen have TB recurrence under program settings.
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- 2018
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34. Predicting mortality with the international classification of disease injury severity score using survival risk ratios derived from an Indian trauma population: A cohort study.
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Jonatan Attergrim, Mattias Sterner, Alice Claeson, Satish Dharap, Amit Gupta, Monty Khajanchi, Vineet Kumar, and Martin Gerdin Wärnberg
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BACKGROUND:Trauma is predicted to become the third leading cause of death in India by 2020, which indicate the need for urgent action. Trauma scores such as the international classification of diseases injury severity score (ICISS) have been used with great success in trauma research and in quality programmes to improve trauma care. To this date no valid trauma score has been developed for the Indian population. STUDY DESIGN:This retrospective cohort study used a dataset of 16047 trauma-patients from four public university hospitals in urban India, which was divided into derivation and validation subsets. All injuries in the dataset were assigned an international classification of disease (ICD) code. Survival Risk Ratios (SRRs), for mortality within 24 hours and 30 days were then calculated for each ICD-code and used to calculate the corresponding ICISS. Score performance was measured using discrimination by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROCC) and calibration by calculating the calibration slope and intercept to plot a calibration curve. RESULTS:Predictions of 30-day mortality showed an AUROCC of 0.618, calibration slope of 0.269 and calibration intercept of 0.071. Estimates of 24-hour mortality consistently showed low AUROCCs and negative calibration slopes. CONCLUSIONS:We attempted to derive and validate a version of the ICISS using SRRs calculated from an Indian population. However, the developed ICISS-scores overestimate mortality and implementing these scores in clinical or policy contexts is not recommended. This study, as well as previous reports, suggest that other scoring systems might be better suited for India and other Low- and middle-income countries until more data are available.
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- 2018
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35. Needs monitoring with quetiapine
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Pugazhenthan Thangaraju, Sajitha Venkatesan, Vineet Kumar Chadha, and Yi Cui
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Medicine - Published
- 2019
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36. In vitro exposed magnesium oxide nanoparticles enhanced the growth of legume Macrotyloma uniflorum
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Ayushi Gautam, Vineet Kumar, Priya Sharma, and Praveen Guleria
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Antioxidant ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Metal Nanoparticles ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Antioxidants ,Macrotyloma ,Vegetables ,medicine ,Environmental Chemistry ,Food science ,Legume ,biology ,Magnesium ,food and beverages ,Fabaceae ,General Medicine ,Carbohydrate ,biology.organism_classification ,APX ,Pollution ,Enzyme assay ,chemistry ,Polyphenol ,biology.protein ,Nanoparticles ,Magnesium Oxide - Abstract
Nanoparticles interact with plants to induce a positive, negative, or neutral effect on their growth and development. In this study, we document the positive influence of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles (NPs) on the morpho-biochemical parameters of Macrotyloma uniflorum (horse gram). Horse gram is a protein and polyphenol-rich legume crop. It is an important part of the human diet and nutrition. When exposed to MgO-NPs, a significant increment in the shoot-root length, fresh biomass, and chlorophyll content of horse gram was evident. Furthermore, there was a 4-20 and 18-127% increase in the accumulation of carbohydrate and protein content on MgO-NP exposure. The antioxidant potential was enhanced by 5-19% on NP treatment as a result of the increase in the accumulation of total polyphenolics. Total phenols and flavonoids were enhanced by 7-20 and 50-84% in the presence of MgO-NPs. The enzyme activity of SOD, CAT, and APX was also enhanced in MgO-NP-exposed horse gram. The observed alterations were also justified by the Pearson correlation. Overall, the MgO-NP-induced morpho-biochemical alterations in horse gram indicated their probable role as a nano-fertilizer. However, it further warrants the need to extensively investigate the responses of various other plant types to MgO-NPs before industry scale application.
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- 2021
37. Recent Advancement in Topical Drug Delivery for Psoriasis: Clinical Pertinence and Potential Market
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Rakhi Kumari, Jitu Halder, Amit Sharma, and Vineet Kumar Rai
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Pharmacology ,Drug ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Biological therapies ,Topical drug ,business.industry ,Administration, Topical ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Clinical Biochemistry ,medicine.disease ,Drug Delivery Systems ,Psoriasis ,Drug Discovery ,Drug delivery ,medicine ,Potential market ,Market potential ,Humans ,Molecular Medicine ,Intensive care medicine ,business ,Psoriasis treatment ,media_common - Abstract
Psoriasis is an immune-mediated chronic skin inflammation. This disease can be associated with several manifestations like red flakes, silver scales, patches, plaques, and silvery-white squams. Approximately 70% of the patients treated with topical dosage forms have a mild-to-moderate form of psoriasis, whereas a moderate-to-severe form of psoriasis is treated with systemic, photo, and biological therapies. Considering the big fraction that topicals cover, we present the current market potential, clinical relevance, and recent advances in the topical delivery of the drug for psoriasis. Though we witnessed several advancements in the recent few decades, delivering new immunomodulatory and biological molecules for topical psoriatic treatment have been proven to be efficient and safe options for the large percentage of patients for whom systemic therapy is not indicated. This article enumerates the promising topical dosage forms at present under assessment for their clinical pertinence. The competency of conventional topicals to reach and transform the world market is enumerated in terms of their success rate after proving the clinical pertinence against psoriasis. However, the entrance of novel drug delivery systems based on advanced topical products in the global market is highly anticipated as they have immense potential to impact the psoriasis treatment in the near future.
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- 2021
38. miR-149-PARP-2 Signaling Regulates E-cadherin and N-cadherin Expression in the Murine Model of Endometrium Receptivity
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Rajesh Kumar Jha, Sudarsan Sarkar, Vineet Kumar Maurya, J. Venkatesh Pratap, Upendra Kumar Soni, Sangappa Basanna Chadchan, Mohini Soni, and Rajkumar Verma
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Cadherin ,Slug ,Uterus ,Receptivity ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Embryo ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Endometrium ,Andrology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Downregulation and upregulation ,medicine ,Blastocyst - Abstract
Cadherins play an essential role in the attachment of the blastocyst to the endometrium, a process known as endometrial receptivity. Loss of E-cadherin expression is essential during the process, while the expression level of the other cadherin, N-cadherin, has been reported to be altered in cases of infertility. Both E-cadherin and N-cadherin can be regulated by members of the PARP family. Specifically, PARP-2, which is under the epigenetic control of miR-149, has been observed to promote E-cadherin expression in other human cells. We investigated the roles of E-cadherin and N-cadherin in endometrial receptivity using mouse models for normal endometrial receptivity, pseudopregnancy, and LPS-induced endometrial receptivity failure. E-cadherin and phosphorylated E-cadherin were predominantly expressed during pre-receptive stages as well as in the implantation site of the receptive stage, which were observed reduced during the later stages of implantation in both implantation and non-implantation regions, while N-cadherin was detected only at pre-receptive stages. E-cadherin and N-cadherin were also seen in the uterus during pseudopregnancy, showing a downregulation trend during receptive and post-receptive stages. LPS-induced failed endometrial receptivity showed upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of N-cadherin. The E-cadherin expression promoter, GSK-3, was lost and its suppressor, SLUG was upregulated during normal course of endometrial receptivity in mouse model, while GSK-3 was increased during LPS-induced failed embryo implantation. In an in vitro model of embryo implantation, E-cadherin expression is promoted by PARP-2 and regulated by miR-149 epigenetically in human endometrium epithelial cells. In conclusion, E-cadherin is predominantly expressed during pre-receptive stage and promoted by PARP-2, which is regulated by miR-149 in the endometrial epithelial cells.
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- 2021
39. Outcomes of Renal Trauma in Indian Urban Tertiary Healthcare Centres: A Multicentre Cohort Study
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Deepa Kv, Monali Mohan, Naveen Sharma, Towards Improved Trauma Care Outcomes TITCO-India, Vineet Kumar, Nakul P Raykar, Monty Khajanchi, Martin Gerdin Wärnberg, Nobhojit Roy, Kapil Dev Soni, Gunjan Mishra, Bhakti Sarang, Amulya Rattan, and Anita Gadgil
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Kidney ,Wounds, Nonpenetrating ,Surgery in Low and Middle Income Countries ,Cohort Studies ,Injury Severity Score ,Blunt ,Trauma Centers ,medicine ,Humans ,Retrospective Studies ,Tertiary Healthcare ,business.industry ,Vascular surgery ,medicine.disease ,Nephrectomy ,Abdominal trauma ,Cardiothoracic surgery ,Cohort ,Surgery ,business ,Abdominal surgery ,Cohort study - Abstract
Background Renal trauma is present in 0.5–5% of patients admitted for trauma. Advancements in radiologic imaging and minimal-invasive techniques have led to decreased need for surgical intervention. We used a large trauma cohort to characterise renal trauma patients, their management and outcomes. Methods We analysed “Towards Improved Trauma Care Outcomes in India” cohort from four urban tertiary public hospitals in India between 1st September 2013 and 31st December 2015. The data of patients with renal trauma were extracted using International Classification of Diseases 10 codes and analysed for demographic and clinical details. Results A total of 16,047 trauma patients were included in this cohort. Abdominal trauma comprised 1119 (7%) cases, of which 144 (13%) had renal trauma. Renal trauma was present in 1% of all the patients admitted for trauma. The mean age was 28 years (SD-14.7). A total of 119 (83%) patients were male. Majority (93%) were due to blunt injuries. Road traffic injuries were the most common mechanism (53%) followed by falls (29%). Most renal injuries (89%) were associated with other organ injuries. Seven of the 144 (5%) patients required nephrectomy. Three patients had grade V trauma; all underwent nephrectomy. The 30-day in-hospital mortality, in patients with renal trauma, was 17% (24/144). Conclusion Most renal trauma patients were managed nonoperatively. 89% of patients with renal trauma had concomitant injuries. The renal trauma profile from this large cohort may be generalisable to urban contexts in India and other low- and middle-income countries.
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- 2021
40. Semirigid ureteroscopic lithotripsy under local anaesthesia and intravenous analgesia: Analysis of effectiveness, safety and patient's tolerability
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Girish Sharma, Pamposh Raina, Manjeet Kumar, Kailash Barwal, Vineet Kumar, and Sanjeev Chauhan
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dj stenting ,ureteroscopic lithotripsy (ursl) ,stone free status (sfs) ,Medicine - Abstract
Introduction: Improvement in technology for endoscopic instrumentation and lithotripsy devices has allowed much advancement in ureteroscopic lithotripsy and has, to an extent, replaced open stone surgery. Ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL) is a more effective treatment of ureteric stones as compared to extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) but has a downside as it requires spinal or general anaesthesia. Patients and methods: In this record-based cohort study, we evaluated the outcome of URSL under local anaesthesia and intravenous analgesia in 150 patients with lower and mid ureteric calculus to establish its feasibility, safety, and tolerability. Results: Association of various factors with overall outcome in terms of stone-free status and pain was analyzed in 149 patients. In patients with a stone of size < 10mm, calculus was completely fragmented and retrieved in 94.7%, while in patients with calculus of size >10mm, stone-free status was achieved in 82.2% ( statistically significant P value 0.016 ). The success rate of URSL for mid ureteric calculus was 86% whereas, for lower and VUJ calculus, it was 90.2%. DJ stent placement before planned URSL was done in 81.3% of patients. We observed no statistically significant difference in achieving stone-free status with respect to laterality, location of calculus (P-value 0.427), and DJ stenting before URSL (P-value 0.430). Laterality of calculus (left-sided) had a statistically significant effect on the severity of pain in our study(P-value 0.047). URSL under local anaesthesia and intravenous analgesia were acceptable to 70.5 % of patients, while 6% of patients opined it as a painful procedure. We have observed a statistically significant relationship of calculus size with achieving stone-free status (P-value 0.016). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that URSL as a daycare procedure is feasible under local anaesthesia and intravenous analgesia, as a majority of patients tolerate the procedure and outcome in form of stone clearance is not compromised.
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- 2021
41. IKZF1 Deletion Subtyping and Outcome Analysis in BCR–ABL1-Negative Pediatric B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Single-Institution Experience from North India
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Preity Sharma, Ranjit Kumar Sahoo, Vineet Kumar Kamal, Deepam Pushpam, Sanjeev Gupta, Ritu Gupta, and Sameer Bakhshi
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Male ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl ,Outcome analysis ,India ,North india ,Gastroenterology ,Disease-Free Survival ,law.invention ,Ikaros Transcription Factor ,law ,Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ,Internal medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,Single institution ,Child ,Polymerase chain reaction ,Retrospective Studies ,Sequence Deletion ,business.industry ,Remission Induction ,Infant ,Retrospective cohort study ,Hematology ,B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia ,Prognosis ,Subtyping ,Survival Rate ,Oncology ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,business ,Haploinsufficiency - Abstract
Background IKZF1 deletions are associated with adverse outcomes in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). We assessed the prevalence and clinical impact of functional subtypes of IKZF1 deletions in pediatric BCR–ABL1-negative B-ALL. Patients and Methods This retrospective study of IKZF1 deletions was done in cases of pediatric BCR–ABL1-negative B-ALL. The genomic DNA of cases, over a 53-month period, was analyzed using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and multiplex fluorescent polymerase chain reaction. The deletions were divided into functional subgroups: (1) loss-of-function/haploinsufficiency, (2) dominant-negative, and (3) a combination of both types of deletion. The post-induction remission status, event-free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS) were noted. Results Out of 320 cases, 47 (14.7%) had IKZF1 deletions. Thirty-six of the 47 (77%) had loss-of-function deletions, 10 (21%) had dominant-negative deletions, and one (2%) had a combination of both types. The post-induction remission rates in cases with loss-of-function deletions (22/30, 73%; P = .060) and dominant-negative deletions (4/5, 80%; P = .517) were lower compared with those without deletions (215/248, 86.7%). These cases also had worse median EFS: 21.1 months (P = .006) for loss-of-function and 15.4 months (P = .156) for dominant-negative deletions, compared with 46.4 months in cases without IKZF1 deletions. They also had worse median OS: 23.4 months (P = .012) for loss-of-function deletions and 15.7 months (P = .233) for dominant-negative deletions, compared with median not reached in cases without IKZF1 deletions. Conclusion The IKZF1 deletions were seen in 14.7% of BCR–ABL1-negative pediatric B-ALL. Most of these deletions (77%) were loss-of-function type. The cases with loss-of-function deletions had lower remission rates and poor EFS and OS compared with cases without IKZF1 deletions. A similar trend of poor outcome was seen in the few cases with dominant-negative IKZF1 deletions.
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- 2021
42. Classification of Coronary Artery Disease Using Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network
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Pratibha Verma, Sanat Kumar Sahu, and Vineet Kumar Awasthi
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Coronary artery disease ,Computer science ,business.industry ,medicine ,Pattern recognition ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,medicine.disease ,Multilayer perceptron neural network - Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) has been the leading cause of death worldwide over the past 10 years. Researchers have been using several data mining techniques to help healthcare professionals diagnose heart disease. The neural network (NN) can provide an excellent solution to identify and classify different diseases. The artificial neural network (ANN) methods play an essential role in recognizes diseases in the CAD. The authors proposed multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN) among one hidden layer neuron (MLP) and four hidden layers neurons (P-MLP)-based highly accurate artificial neural network (ANN) method for the classification of the CAD dataset. Therefore, the ten-fold cross-validation (T-FCV) method, P-MLP algorithms, and base classifiers of MLP were employed. The P-MLP algorithm yielded very high accuracy (86.47% in CAD-56 and 98.35% in CAD-59 datasets) and F1-Score (90.36% in CAD-56 and 98.83% in CAD-59 datasets) rates, which have not been reported simultaneously in the MLP.
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- 2021
43. An Ensemble Model With Genetic Algorithm for Classification of Coronary Artery Disease
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Sanat Kumar Sahu, Vineet Kumar Awasthi, and Pratibha Verma
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Coronary artery disease ,Ensemble forecasting ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Genetic algorithm ,medicine ,Pattern recognition ,Artificial intelligence ,medicine.disease ,business - Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common form of heart disease and has become the primary reason for death. A correct and on-time diagnosis of CAD is very important. Diagnosis of CAD being a strenuous activity, scientists have planned different intelligent diagnostic frameworks for improved CAD diagnosis. Still, low CAD classification accuracy is an issue in these frameworks. In this paper, the authors propose a feature selection technique (FST) that utilizes a genetic algorithm (GA) with J48 classifier as the objective function to choose adequate features for better CAD classification accuracy. After feature removal, classification frameworks are used (i.e., artificial neural network [ANN]) like multilayer perceptron network (MLP), radial basis function network (RBFN), ANN-based ensemble model (ANN-EM), and deep neural network (DNN). Finally, this research proposes an integrated model of GA and ANN-EM for classification of CAD.
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- 2021
44. A Novel Design of Classification of Coronary Artery Disease Using Deep Learning and Data Mining Algorithms
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Vineet Kumar Awasthi, Pratibha Verma, and Sanat Kumar Sahu
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Computer science ,business.industry ,Deep learning ,medicine.disease ,Machine learning ,computer.software_genre ,Data mining algorithm ,Coronary artery disease ,Artificial Intelligence ,medicine ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,computer ,Software - Abstract
Data mining techniques are included with Ensemble learning and deep learning for the classification. The methods used for classification are, Single C5.0 Tree (C5.0), Classification and Regression Tree (CART), kernel-based Support Vector Machine (SVM) with linear kernel, ensemble (CART, SVM, C5.0), Neural Network-based Fit single-hidden-layer neural network (NN), Neural Networks with Principal Component Analysis (PCA-NN), deep learning-based H2OBinomialModel-Deeplearning (HBM-DNN) and Enhanced H2OBinomialModel-Deeplearning (EHBM-DNN). In this study, experiments were conducted on pre-processed datasets using R programming and 10-fold cross-validation technique. The findings show that the ensemble model (CART, SVM and C5.0) and EHBM-DNN are more accurate for classification, compared with other methods.
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- 2021
45. Perineal hernia repair using polypropylene mesh in three female Jaffarabadi buffaloes - a short communication
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Foram A. Asodiya, Vivek Singh, Vineet Kumar, and Shruti D. Vora
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Polypropylene mesh ,stomatognathic diseases ,medicine.medical_specialty ,General Veterinary ,business.industry ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,business ,Perineal hernia ,Surgery - Abstract
This study reports a rare unilateral perineal hernia in three mature female Jaffarabadi buffaloes. The buffaloes presented with a unilateral swelling lateral to the vulvar lip. Upon palpation, the swelling was painless, soft and reducible. Ultrasonography revealed a hyperechoic hernia sac containing the urinary bladder and or motile intestine, with homogenous hypoechoic contents. The perineal hernia was repaired using polypropylene mesh after the repositioning of the retroflexed urinary bladder and/or large intestine. The clinical outcome, including postoperative complications and hernia recurrence, was found via periodic examination and telephone calls. No complications were observed for 6 months of follow-up and all the buffaloes had excellent outcomes.
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- 2021
46. Methanolic Extract of Angelica glauca Edgew Root and Stem: A Possible Component of Herbal Medicines against Respiratory Infections
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J.P. Mehta, Vineet Kumar Maurya, and Prashant Arya
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Antioxidant ,Serial dilution ,Traditional medicine ,Chemistry ,DPPH ,medicine.medical_treatment ,fungi ,Glycoside ,medicine.disease_cause ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Phytochemical ,Staphylococcus aureus ,medicine ,Petroleum ether ,General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics ,Antibacterial activity - Abstract
Plants are identified to produce a variety of compounds to protect themselves against a diversity of pathogens. This study assessed the antibacterial, antioxidant potential and phytochemical screening of medicinal plant Angelica glauca (Choru) root and stem extracts against respiratory tract pathogens i.e., Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 1144, Streptococcus pneumoniae MTCC 655, Streptococcus pyogenes MTCC 442, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 2474 and Klebsiella pneumoniae MTCC 4030. The plant material was collected from Tungnath 3,800m amsl of Garhwal Himalaya. Root and stem of the plants were washed, shade dried, grinded into fine powder and extracted in the organic solvents of different polarity (petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and water). Antibacterial activities of prepared extracts were assayed using agar well diffusion and two-fold serial dilution method of MIC determination. Antioxidant potential was determined using DPPH assay and phytochemical analysis was performed using qualitative methods for different phytochemicals. Experimental outcomes revealed maximum antibacterial and antioxidant activity of methanol extract;also the maximum groups of phytochemicals were present in the methanolic extract. The methanol extract produced ZOIs of 11.0±0.54mm to 30.3±1.58mm diameters and MICs ranges were recorded between 3.12 mg/ml to 25 mg/ml against all the tested bacteria. Alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, steroids and saponins were present in the extracts of A. glauca. This study favors a good response towards using A. glauca as natural antioxidant in herbal medicines, either in pure form or as supplement with other herbal formulations already available in the market, to enhance their potential against respiratory tract diseases. In the present COVID-19 pandemic situation, use of A. glauca can be beneficial, as it’s methanolic extract showed promising antibacterial activity against bacterial pathogens of human respiratory tract. © 2021, Association of Pharmaceutical Teachers of India. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2021
47. Clinical Notes Mining for Post Discharge Mortality Prediction
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Rohit Bajpai, Ram Babu Roy, and Vineet Kumar
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Polarity (physics) ,Post discharge ,business.industry ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,Sentiment analysis ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,02 engineering and technology ,Nursing notes ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Medicine ,Mortality prediction ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Unstructured clinical data such as nursing notes are relatively less explored for building a predictive model for post-discharge mortality despite containing rich information about the health of th...
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- 2021
48. Determination and production of antimicrobial compounds by Aspergillus clavatonanicus strain MJ31, an endophytic fungus from Mirabilis jalapa L. using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and TD-GC-MS analysis.
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Vineet Kumar Mishra, Ajit Kumar Passari, Preeti Chandra, Vincent Vineeth Leo, Brijesh Kumar, Sivakumar Uthandi, Sugitha Thankappan, Vijai Kumar Gupta, and Bhim Pratap Singh
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Endophytic fungi associated with medicinal plants are reported as potent producers of diverse classes of secondary metabolites. In the present study, an endophytic fungi, Aspergillus clavatonanicus strain MJ31, exhibiting significant antimicrobial activity was isolated from roots of Mirabilis jalapa L., was identified by sequencing three nuclear genes i.e. internal transcribed spacers ribosomal RNA (ITS rRNA), 28S ribosomal RNA (28S rRNA) and translation elongation factor 1- alpha (EF 1α). Ethyl acetate extract of strain MJ31displayed significant antimicrobial potential against Bacillus subtilis, followed by Micrococccus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 0.078, 0.156 and 0.312 mg/ml respectively. In addition, the strain was evaluated for its ability to synthesize bioactive compounds by the amplification of polyketide synthase (PKS) and non ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) genes. Further, seven antibiotics (miconazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole, ampicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and rifampicin) were detected and quantified using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Additionally, thermal desorption-gas chromatography mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) analysis of strain MJ31 showed the presence of 28 volatile compounds. This is the first report on A. clavatonanicus as an endophyte obtained from M. jalapa. We conclude that A. clavatonanicus strain MJ31 has prolific antimicrobial potential against both plant and human pathogens and can be exploited for the discovery of new antimicrobial compounds and could be an alternate source for the production of secondary metabolites.
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- 2017
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49. My journey with epidemiology of tuberculosis
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Vineet Kumar Chadha
- Subjects
Medicine ,Other systems of medicine ,RZ201-999 - Published
- 2014
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50. Fracture Supracondylar Humerus: A Review
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Vineet Kumar and Ajai Singh
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cubitus varus ,gartland ,pediatric ,Medicine - Abstract
Fracture supracondylar humerus is one of the most common fractures encountered in pediatric age group at all levels (both rural and urban). Thus it needs a special review in its management protocol as per the changing trend. Modified Gartland classification is the most accepted classification and has its importance in decision making regarding management and prognosis. Neurovascular complications are mostly associated with Type III A, III B and Type IV variety and they most of the time need surgical intervention for stabilization, exploration of brachial artery, sometimes median nerve exploration and reduction of fracture. Cubitus varus is the most common associated deformity associated with this fracture (especially in Type III A). The aim of the review was to develop an insight for the understanding of variations in presentation and management of supracondylar fracture of the humerus (both simplicity and complexity) and the flowing trend in addition to the recent advances to deal with this particular pediatric orthopaedic entity which often presents as an emergency.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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