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1. Polygenic burden in focal and generalized epilepsies

Author

Leu C., Stevelink R., Smith A. W., Goleva S. B., Kanai M., Ferguson L., Campbell C., Kamatani Y., Okada Y., Sisodiya S. M., Cavalleri G. L., Koeleman B. P. C., Lerche H., Jehi L., Davis L. K., Najm I. M., Palotie A., Daly M. J., Busch R. M., Lal D., Feng Y. -C. A., Howrigan D. P., Abbott L. E., Tashman K., Cerrato F., Churchhouse C., Gupta N., Neale B. M., Berkovic S. F., Goldstein D. B., Lowenstein D. H., Cossette P., Cotsapas C., De Jonghe P., Dixon-Salazar T., Guerrini R., Hakonarson H., Heinzen E. L., Helbig I., Kwan P., Marson A. G., Petrovski S., Kamalakaran S., Stewart R., Weckhuysen S., Depondt C., Dlugos D. J., Scheffer I. E., Striano P., Freyer C., Krause R., May P., McKenna K., Regan B. M., Bellows S. T., Bennett C. A., Johns E. M. C., Macdonald A., Shilling H., Burgess R., Weckhuysen D., Bahlo M., O'Brien T. J., Todaro M., Stamberger H., Andrade D. M., Sadoway T. R., Mo K., Krestel H., Gallati S., Papacostas S. S., Kousiappa I., Tanteles G. A., Sterbova K., Vlckova M., Sedlackova L., Lassuthova P., Klein K. M., Rosenow F., Reif P. S., Knake S., Kunz W. S., Zsurka G., Elger C. E., Bauer J., Rademacher M., Pendziwiat M., Muhle H., Rademacher A., Van Baalen A., Von Spiczak S., Stephani U., Afawi Z., Korczyn A. D., Kanaan M., Canavati C., Kurlemann G., Muller-Schluter K., Kluger G., Hausler M., Blatt I., Lemke J. R., Krey I., Weber Y. G., Wolking S., Becker F., Hengsbach C., Rau S., Maisch A. F., Steinhoff B. J., Schulze-Bonhage A., Schubert-Bast S., Schreiber H., Borggrafe I., Schankin C. J., Mayer T., Korinthenberg R., Brockmann K., Dennig D., Madeleyn R., Kalviainen R., Auvinen P., Saarela A., Linnankivi T., Lehesjoki A. -E., Rees M. I., Chung S. -K., Pickrell W. O., Powell R., Schneider N., Balestrini S., Zagaglia S., Braatz V., Johnson M. R., Auce P., Sills G. J., Baum L. W., Sham P. C., Cherny S. S., Lui C. H. T., Barisic N., Delanty N., Doherty C. P., Shukralla A., McCormack M., El-Naggar H., Canafoglia L., Franceschetti S., Castellotti B., Granata T., Zara F., Iacomino M., Madia F., Vari M. S., Mancardi M. M., Salpietro V., Bisulli F., Tinuper P., Licchetta L., Pippucci T., Stipa C., Muccioli L., Minardi R., Gambardella A., Labate A., Annesi G., Manna L., Gagliardi M., Parrini E., Mei D., Vetro A., Bianchini C., Montomoli M., Doccini V., Marini C., Suzuki T., Inoue Y., Yamakawa K., Birute T., Ruta M., Algirdas U., Ruta P., Jurgita G., Ruta S., Sadleir L. G., King C., Mountier E., Caglayan S. H., Arslan M., Yapici Z., Yis U., Topaloglu P., Kara B., Turkdogan D., Gundogdu-Eken A., Bebek N., Ugur-Iseri S., Baykan B., Salman B., Haryanyan G., Yucesan E., Kesim Y., Ozkara C., Sheidley B. R., Shain C., Poduri A., Buono R. J., Ferraro T. N., Sperling M. R., Lo W., Privitera M., French J. A., Schachter S., Kuzniecky R. I., Devinsky O., Hegde M., Khankhanian P., Helbig K. L., Ellis C. A., Spalletta G., Piras F., Gili T., Ciullo V., Leu C., Stevelink R., Smith A.W., Goleva S.B., Kanai M., Ferguson L., Campbell C., Kamatani Y., Okada Y., Sisodiya S.M., Cavalleri G.L., Koeleman B.P.C., Lerche H., Jehi L., Davis L.K., Najm I.M., Palotie A., Daly M.J., Busch R.M., Lal D., Feng Y.-C.A., Howrigan D.P., Abbott L.E., Tashman K., Cerrato F., Churchhouse C., Gupta N., Neale B.M., Berkovic S.F., Goldstein D.B., Lowenstein D.H., Cossette P., Cotsapas C., De Jonghe P., Dixon-Salazar T., Guerrini R., Hakonarson H., Heinzen E.L., Helbig I., Kwan P., Marson A.G., Petrovski S., Kamalakaran S., Stewart R., Weckhuysen S., Depondt C., Dlugos D.J., Scheffer I.E., Striano P., Freyer C., Krause R., May P., McKenna K., Regan B.M., Bellows S.T., Bennett C.A., Johns E.M.C., Macdonald A., Shilling H., Burgess R., Weckhuysen D., Bahlo M., O'Brien T.J., Todaro M., Stamberger H., Andrade D.M., Sadoway T.R., Mo K., Krestel H., Gallati S., Papacostas S.S., Kousiappa I., Tanteles G.A., Sterbova K., Vlckova M., Sedlackova L., Lassuthova P., Klein K.M., Rosenow F., Reif P.S., Knake S., Kunz W.S., Zsurka G., Elger C.E., Bauer J., Rademacher M., Pendziwiat M., Muhle H., Rademacher A., Van Baalen A., Von Spiczak S., Stephani U., Afawi Z., Korczyn A.D., Kanaan M., Canavati C., Kurlemann G., Muller-Schluter K., Kluger G., Hausler M., Blatt I., Lemke J.R., Krey I., Weber Y.G., Wolking S., Becker F., Hengsbach C., Rau S., Maisch A.F., Steinhoff B.J., Schulze-Bonhage A., Schubert-Bast S., Schreiber H., Borggrafe I., Schankin C.J., Mayer T., Korinthenberg R., Brockmann K., Dennig D., Madeleyn R., Kalviainen R., Auvinen P., Saarela A., Linnankivi T., Lehesjoki A.-E., Rees M.I., Chung S.-K., Pickrell W.O., Powell R., Schneider N., Balestrini S., Zagaglia S., Braatz V., Johnson M.R., Auce P., Sills G.J., Baum L.W., Sham P.C., Cherny S.S., Lui C.H.T., Barisic N., Delanty N., Doherty C.P., Shukralla A., McCormack M., El-Naggar H., Canafoglia L., Franceschetti S., Castellotti B., Granata T., Zara F., Iacomino M., Madia F., Vari M.S., Mancardi M.M., Salpietro V., Bisulli F., Tinuper P., Licchetta L., Pippucci T., Stipa C., Muccioli L., Minardi R., Gambardella A., Labate A., Annesi G., Manna L., Gagliardi M., Parrini E., Mei D., Vetro A., Bianchini C., Montomoli M., Doccini V., Marini C., Suzuki T., Inoue Y., Yamakawa K., Birute T., Ruta M., Algirdas U., Ruta P., Jurgita G., Ruta S., Sadleir L.G., King C., Mountier E., Caglayan S.H., Arslan M., Yapici Z., Yis U., Topaloglu P., Kara B., Turkdogan D., Gundogdu-Eken A., Bebek N., Ugur-Iseri S., Baykan B., Salman B., Haryanyan G., Yucesan E., Kesim Y., Ozkara C., Sheidley B.R., Shain C., Poduri A., Buono R.J., Ferraro T.N., Sperling M.R., Lo W., Privitera M., French J.A., Schachter S., Kuzniecky R.I., Devinsky O., Hegde M., Khankhanian P., Helbig K.L., Ellis C.A., Spalletta G., Piras F., Gili T., Ciullo V., Commission of the European Communities, Medical Research Council (MRC), Tumienė, Birutė, Mameniškienė, Rūta, Utkus, Algirdas, Praninskienė, Rūta, Grikinienė, Jurgita, Samaitienė-Aleknienė, Rūta, Centre of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics, Aarno Palotie / Principal Investigator, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Genomics of Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Helsinki, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Multifactorial Inheritance, Epi25 Consortium, Databases, Factual, FEATURES, Genome-wide association study, Epilepsies, 3124 Neurology and psychiatry, Cohort Studies, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, Cost of Illness, 1ST SEIZURE, HISTORY, genetics, POPULATION, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, education.field_of_study, medicine.diagnostic_test, SCORES, Single Nucleotide, Biobank, 3. Good health, 17 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Genetic generalized epilepsy, Epilepsy, Generalized, Female, Partial, Cohort study, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, European Continental Ancestry Group, Clinical Neurology, BIOBANK, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, epilepsy, genetic generalized epilepsy, common variant risk, Databases, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetic, Internal medicine, medicine, Journal Article, Genetics, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Polymorphism, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, Generalized epilepsy, education, SEIZURE RECURRENCE, Factual, METAANALYSIS, Genetic testing, Neurology & Neurosurgery, RISK PREDICTION, Generalized, business.industry, 3112 Neurosciences, Common variant risk, Genetic Variation, Original Articles, medicine.disease, Comorbidity, Cost of Illne, Epilepsies, Partial, Genome-Wide Association Study, 030104 developmental biology, Neurology (clinical), Cohort Studie, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

See Hansen and Møller (doi:10.1093/brain/awz318) for a scientific commentary on this article. Using polygenic risk scores from a genome-wide association study in generalized and focal epilepsy, Leu et al. reveal a significantly higher genetic burden for epilepsy in multiple cohorts of people with epilepsy compared to population controls. Quantification of common variant burden may be valuable for epilepsy prognosis and treatment., Rare genetic variants can cause epilepsy, and genetic testing has been widely adopted for severe, paediatric-onset epilepsies. The phenotypic consequences of common genetic risk burden for epilepsies and their potential future clinical applications have not yet been determined. Using polygenic risk scores (PRS) from a European-ancestry genome-wide association study in generalized and focal epilepsy, we quantified common genetic burden in patients with generalized epilepsy (GE-PRS) or focal epilepsy (FE-PRS) from two independent non-Finnish European cohorts (Epi25 Consortium, n = 5705; Cleveland Clinic Epilepsy Center, n = 620; both compared to 20 435 controls). One Finnish-ancestry population isolate (Finnish-ancestry Epi25, n = 449; compared to 1559 controls), two European-ancestry biobanks (UK Biobank, n = 383 656; Vanderbilt biorepository, n = 49 494), and one Japanese-ancestry biobank (BioBank Japan, n = 168 680) were used for additional replications. Across 8386 patients with epilepsy and 622 212 population controls, we found and replicated significantly higher GE-PRS in patients with generalized epilepsy of European-ancestry compared to patients with focal epilepsy (Epi25: P = 1.64×10−15; Cleveland: P = 2.85×10−4; Finnish-ancestry Epi25: P = 1.80×10−4) or population controls (Epi25: P = 2.35×10−70; Cleveland: P = 1.43×10−7; Finnish-ancestry Epi25: P = 3.11×10−4; UK Biobank and Vanderbilt biorepository meta-analysis: P = 7.99×10−4). FE-PRS were significantly higher in patients with focal epilepsy compared to controls in the non-Finnish, non-biobank cohorts (Epi25: P = 5.74×10−19; Cleveland: P = 1.69×10−6). European ancestry-derived PRS did not predict generalized epilepsy or focal epilepsy in Japanese-ancestry individuals. Finally, we observed a significant 4.6-fold and a 4.5-fold enrichment of patients with generalized epilepsy compared to controls in the top 0.5% highest GE-PRS of the two non-Finnish European cohorts (Epi25: P = 2.60×10−15; Cleveland: P = 1.39×10−2). We conclude that common variant risk associated with epilepsy is significantly enriched in multiple cohorts of patients with epilepsy compared to controls—in particular for generalized epilepsy. As sample sizes and PRS accuracy continue to increase with further common variant discovery, PRS could complement established clinical biomarkers and augment genetic testing for patient classification, comorbidity research, and potentially targeted treatment.

Published
2019
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2. De novo variants in neurodevelopmental disorders with epilepsy

Author

Heyne, H. O., Singh, T., Stamberger, H., Abou Jamra, R., Caglayan, H., Craiu, D., De Jonghe, P., Guerrini, R., Helbig, K. L., Koeleman, B. P. C., Kosmicki, J. A., Linnankivi, T., May, P., Muhle, H., Moller, R. S., Neubauer, B. A., Palotie, A., Pendziwiat, M., Striano, P., Tang, S., Wu, S., Afawi, Z., De Kovel, C., Dimova, P., Djemie, T., Endziniene, M., Hoffman-Zacharska, D., Jahn, J., Korff, C., Lehesjoki, A. -E., Marini, C., Muller, S. H., Pal, D., Schwarz, N., Selmer, K., Serratosa, J., Stephani, U., Sterbova, K., Suls, A., Syrbe, S., Talvik, I., Von Spiczak, S., Zara, F., Poduri, A., Weber, Y. G., Weckhuysen, S., Sisodiya, S. M., Daly, M. J., Helbig, I., Lal, D., Lemke, J. R., Children's Hospital, Lastenneurologian yksikkö, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Centre of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics, Aarno Palotie / Principal Investigator, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Research Programme for Molecular Neurology, Neuroscience Center, HUS Children and Adolescents, Genomics of Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB): Bioinformatics Core (R. Schneider Group) [research center], University of Luxembourg: High Performance Computing - ULHPC [research center], Korff, Christian, and EuroEPINOMICS RES Consortium

Subjects
Exome/genetics, Male, 0301 basic medicine, ILAE COMMISSION, Joint analysis, Neurodevelopmental Disorders/genetics, Bioinformatics, Epilepsy/genetics, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, Intellectual disability, SEQUENCE VARIANTS, Missense mutation, Epilepsy is a frequent feature, Exome, TERMINOLOGY, Disease gene, 0303 health sciences, ddc:618, medicine.diagnostic_test, Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics, Neurodevelopmental disorders, 1184 Genetics, developmental biology, physiology, HUMAN-DISEASE, PREVALENCE, 3. Good health, Genetic Variation/genetics, De novo variants, Female, Genetics & genetic processes [F10] [Life sciences], Génétique & processus génétiques [F10] [Sciences du vivant], Genetic Testing/methods, Disease Association, Biology, CLASSIFICATION, 03 medical and health sciences, Intellectual Disability, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genetic Testing, Limited evidence, 030304 developmental biology, Genetic testing, business.industry, MUTATIONS, AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER, Genetic Variation, medicine.disease, Intellectual Disability/genetics, 030104 developmental biology, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, epilepsy, KCNQ2 ENCEPHALOPATHY, Human medicine, 3111 Biomedicine, business, Genetic diagnosis, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Epilepsy is a frequent feature of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) but little is known about genetic differences between NDD with and without epilepsy. We analyzed de novo variants (DNV) in 6753 parent-offspring trios ascertained for different NDD. In the subset of 1942 individuals with NDD with epilepsy, we identified 33 genes with a significant excess of DNV, of which SNAP25 and GABRB2 had previously only limited evidence for disease association. Joint analysis of all individuals with NDD also implicated CACNA1E as a novel disease gene. Comparing NDD with and without epilepsy, we found missense DNV, DNV in specific genes, age of recruitment and severity of intellectual disability to be associated with epilepsy. We further demonstrate to what extent our results impact current genetic testing as well as treatment, emphasizing the benefit of accurate genetic diagnosis in NDD with epilepsy.

Published
2018
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3. Exon-disrupting deletions ofNRXN1in idiopathic generalized epilepsy

Author

Møller, R.S., Weber, Y.G., Klitten, L.L., Trucks, H., Muhle, H., Kunz, W.S., Mefford, H.C., Franke, A., Kautza, M., Wolf, P., Dennig, D., Schreiber, S., Rückert, I.M., Wichmann, H.E., Ernst, J.P., Schurmann, C., Grabe, H.J., Tommerup, N., Stephani, U., Lerche, H., Hjalgrim, H., Helbig, I., Sander, T., Zimprich, F., Mörzinger, M., Feucht, M., Suls, A., Weckhuysen, S., Claes, L., Deprez, L., Smets, K., Van Dyck, T., Deconinck, T., De Jonghe, P., Velizarova, R., Dimova, P., Radionova, M., Tournev, I., Kancheva, D., Kaneva, R., Jordanova, A., Kjelgaard, D.B., Lehesjoki, A.E., Siren, A., Baulac, S., Leguern, E., Von Spiczak, S., Ostertag, P., Leber, M., Leu, C., Toliat, M.R., Nürnberg, P., Hempelmann, A., Rüschendorf, F., Elger, C.E., Kleefuß Lie, A.A., Surges, R., Gaus, V., Janz, D., Schmitz, B., Klein, K.M., Reif, P.S., Oertel, W.H., Hamer, H.M., Rosenow, F., Becker, F., Marini, C., Guerrini, R., Mei, D., Norci, V., Zara, F., Striano, P., Robbiano, A., Pezzella, M., Bianchi, A., Gambardella, A., Tinuper, P., La Neve, A., Capovilla, G., Vigliano, P., Crichiutti, G., Vanadia, F., Vignoli, A., Coppola, A., Striano, S., Giallonardo, M.T., Franceschetti, S., Belcastro, V., Benna, P., Coppola, G., De Palo, A., Ferlazzo, E., Vecchi, M., Martinelli, V., Bisulli, F., Beccaria, F., Del Giudice, E., Mancardi, M., Stranci, G., Scabar, A., Gobbi, G., Giordano, I., Koeleman, B.P.C., De Kovel, C., Lindhout, D., De Haan, G.J., Ozbeck, U., Bebek, N., Baykan, B., Ozdemir, O., Ugur, S., Kocasoy Orhan, E., Yücesan, E., Cine, N., Gokyigit, A., Gurses, C., Gul, G., Yapici, Z., Ozkara, C., Caglayan, H., Yalcin, O., Yalcin, D., Turkdogan, D., Dizdarer, G., Agan, K., R. S. Møller, Y. G. Weber, L. L. Klitten, H. Truck, H. Muhle, W. S. Kunz, H. C. Mefford, A. Franke, M. Kautza, P. Wolf, D. Dennig, S. Schreiber, I. Rückert, H. Wichmann, J. P. Ernst, C. Schurmann, H. J. Grabe, N. Tommerup, U. Stephani, H. Lerche, H. Hjalgrim, I. Helbig, T. Sander, P. Tinuper, F. Bisulli, EPICURE Consortium, Suls, Arvid, Weckhuysen, Sarah, Claes, Godelieve, Deprez, Liesbet, Smets, Katrien, Van Dyck, Tine, Deconinck, Tine, De Jonghe, Peter, Jordanova, Albena, Møller, R, Weber, Yg, Klitten, Ll, Trucks, H, Muhle, H, Kunz, W, Mefford, Hc, Franke, A, Kautza, M, Wolf, P, Dennig, D, Schreiber, S, Rückert, Im, Wichmann, He, Ernst, Jp, Schurmann, C, Grabe, Hj, Tommerup, N, Stephani, U, Lerche, H, Hjalgrim, H, Helbig, I, Sander, T, Epicure, Consortium, DEL GIUDICE, Ennio, Coppola, Antonietta, and YÜCESAN, EMRAH

Subjects
Male, Idiopathic generalized epilepsy, Neuronal, Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy, 1q21, 1 Microdeletion, Two-hit Hypothesis, Nrxn1, Neuropsychological Tests, Immunoglobulin E, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/genetics, Adult, Age of Onset, Anticonvulsant, Exon, 1q21.1 microdeletion, Exons/genetics, Odds Ratio, Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics, Copy-number variation, Valproic Acid/therapeutic use, Age of Onset, Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules, genetics, DNA Copy Number Variations, Electroencephalography, Epilepsy, Genetics, biology, Triazines, Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use, Electroencephalography, genetics, Family, Female, Fructose, Exons, Middle Aged, Settore MED/39 - Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Pedigree, therapeutic use, Valproic Acid, Neurology, Settore MED/26 - Neurologia, Anticonvulsants, Epilepsy, Generalized, Female, Adult, Case-Control Studies, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal, DNA Copy Number Variations, Family, Fructose, Gene Deletion, Genotype, Humans, Infant, Microarray Analysis, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Valproic Acid, analogs /&/ derivatives/therapeutic use, Gene Deletion, Genotype, Humans, Infant, Male, Microarray Analysis, Middle Aged, Nerve Tissue Protein, therapeutic use, Case-Control Studies, Cell Adhesion Molecule, drug therapy/genetics/psychology, Exon, genetics, Neuropsychological Tests, Odds Ratio, Pedigree, Triazine, Lamotrigine, NRXN1, Topiramate, Epilepsy, Generalized/drug therapy, medicine, Allele, Biology, Gene, Generalized, Point mutation, Calcium-Binding Proteins, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Triazines/therapeutic use, Settore MED/03 - Genetica Medica, therapeutic use, biology.protein, Fructose/analogs & derivatives, Human medicine, Neurology (clinical), Two-hit hypothesis
Abstract

Summary Purpose Neurexins are neuronal adhesion molecules located in the presynaptic terminal, where they interact with postsynaptic neuroligins to form a transsynaptic complex required for efficient neurotransmission in the brain. Recently, deletions and point mutations of the neurexin 1 (NRXN1) gene have been associated with a broad spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders. This study aimed to investigate if NRXN1 deletions also increase the risk of idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGEs). Methods We screened for deletions involving the NRXN1 gene in 1,569 patients with IGE and 6,201 controls using high-density oligonucleotide microarrays. Key Findings We identified exon-disrupting deletions of NRXN1 in 5 of 1,569 patients with IGE and 2 of 6,201 control individuals (p = 0.0049; odds ratio (OR) 9.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.92–51.12). A complex familial segregation pattern in the IGE families was observed, suggesting that heterozygous NRXN1 deletions are susceptibility variants. Intriguingly, we identified a second large copy number variant in three of five index patients, supporting an involvement of heterogeneous susceptibility alleles in the etiology of IGE. Significance We conclude that exon-disrupting deletions of NRXN1 represent a genetic risk factor in the genetically complex predisposition of common IGE syndromes.

Published
2013
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4. Genetic and neurodevelopmental spectrum of SYNGAP1-associated intellectual disability and epilepsy

Author

Mignot, C., von Stulpnage, C., Nava, C., Ville, D., Sanlaville, D., Lesca, G., Rastetter, A., Gachet, B., Marie, Y., Korenke, G. C., Borggraefe, I., Hoffmann-Zacharska, D., Szczepanik, E., Rudzka-Dybala, M., Uluc, Yis, Caglayan, H., Isapof, A., Marey, I., Panagiotakaki, E., Korff, C., Rossier, E., Riess, A., Beck-Woedl, S., Rauch, A., Zweier, C., Hoyer, J., Reis, A., Mironov, M., Bobylova, M., Mukhin, K., Hernandez-Hernandez, L., Maher, B., Sisodiya, S., Kuhn, M., Glaeser, D., Wechuysen, S., Myers, C. T., Mefford, H. C., Hortnagel, K., Biskup, S., Lemke, J. R., Heron, D., Kluger, G., Depienne, C., Craiu, D., De Jonghe, P., Helbig, I., Guerrini, R., Lehesjoki, A. -E., Marini, C., Muhle, H., Moller, R. S., Neubauer, B., Pal, D., Selmer, K., Stephani, U., Sterbova, K., Striano, P., Talvik, T., von Spiczak, S., Service de génétique, cytogénétique, embryologie [Pitié-Salpétrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Groupe de Recherche Clinique : Déficience Intellectuelle et Autisme (GRC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität = Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Hospital for Neuropediatrics and Neurological Rehabilitation, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique [CHU Lyon], Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant [CHU - HCL] (HFME), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Génétique [HCL Groupement Hospitalier Est], Groupement hospitalier Lyon-Est, Université de Lyon, Klinikum Oldenburg [Oldenburg], Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Dpt of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine and Epilepsy Center [Munich], University of Munich, Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Division of Child Neurology, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi = Dokuz Eylül University [Izmir] (DEÜ), Dpt of Molecular Biology and Genetics Istanbul, Boǧaziçi üniversitesi = Boğaziçi University [Istanbul], Service de Neuropédiatrie [CHU Trousseau], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Epilepsie, sommeil et explorations fonctionnelles neuropédiatriques, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Dpt de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Neuropédiatrie [Genève], Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève (HUG), Institute of Human Genetics [Tuebingen], University of Tuebingen, Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics [Tübingen], University of Tübingen, Institute of Medical Genetics, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Institute of Human Genetics [Erlangen, Allemagne], Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College of London [London] (UCL), Genetikum, Neurogenetics Group, Division of Genetic Medicine [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], CeGaT GmbH, Institut für Humangenetik, Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Mignot, Cyril, von Stülpnagel, Celina, Korff, Christian, EuroEPINOMICS-RES MAE Working Grp, HAL-UPMC, Gestionnaire, Service de génétique, cytogénétique, embryologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupement Hospitalier Lyon-Est (GHE), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Boğaziçi University [Istanbul], CHU Trousseau [APHP], and Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Encephalopathy, Myoclonic Jerk, SYNGAP1, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, fluids and secretions, Medizinische Fakultät, Intellectual disability, mental disorders, Genetics, medicine, ddc:610, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Exome, Genetics (clinical), reproductive and urinary physiology, ddc:618, business.industry, medicine.disease, Hypotonia, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Autism, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Human medicine, medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Mae Euroepinomics-Res Mae; International audience; Objective We aimed to delineate the neurodevelopmental spectrum associated with SYNGAP1 mutations and to investigate genotype–phenotype correlations.Methods We sequenced the exome or screened the exons of SYNGAP1 in a total of 251 patients with neurodevelopmental disorders. Molecular and clinical data from patients with SYNGAP1 mutations from other centres were also collected, focusing on developmental aspects and the associated epilepsy phenotype. A review of SYNGAP1 mutations published in the literature was also performed.Results We describe 17 unrelated affected individuals carrying 13 different novel loss-of-function SYNGAP1 mutations. Developmental delay was the first manifestation of SYNGAP1-related encephalopathy; intellectual disability became progressively obvious and was associated with autistic behaviours in eight patients. Hypotonia and unstable gait were frequent associated neurological features. With the exception of one patient who experienced a single seizure, all patients had epilepsy, characterised by falls or head drops due to atonic or myoclonic seizures, (myoclonic) absences and/or eyelid myoclonia. Triggers of seizures were frequent (n=7). Seizures were pharmacoresistant in half of the patients. The severity of the epilepsy did not correlate with the presence of autistic features or with the severity of cognitive impairment. Mutations were distributed throughout the gene, but spared spliced 3′ and 5′ exons. Seizures in patients with mutations in exons 4–5 were more pharmacoresponsive than in patients with mutations in exons 8–15.Conclusions SYNGAP1 encephalopathy is characterised by early neurodevelopmental delay typically preceding the onset of a relatively recognisable epilepsy comprising generalised seizures (absences, myoclonic jerks) and frequent triggers.

Published
2016
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5. Genome-wide association analysis of genetic generalized epilepsies implicates susceptibility loci at 1q43, 2p16.1,2q22.3 and 17q21.32

Author

Steffens, M., Leu, C., Ruppert, A., Zara, F., Striano, P., Robbiano, A., Capovilla, G., Tinuper, P., Gambardella, A., Bianchi, A., La neve, A., Crichiutti, G., de kovel, C. G., Trenité, D. K. -N., de haan, G., Lindhout, D., Gaus, V., Schmitz, B., Janz, D., Weber, Y. G., Becker, F., Lerche, H., Steinhoff, B. J., Kleefuß-Lie, A. A., Kunz, W. S., Surges, R., Elger, C. E., Muhle, H., Von spiczak, S., Ostertag, P., Helbig, I., Stephani, U., Møller, R. S., Hjalgrim, H., Dibbens, L. M., Bellows, S., Oliver, K., Mullen, S., Scheffer, I. E., Berkovic, S. F., Everett, K. V., Gardiner, M. R., Marini, Chiara, Guerrini, R., Lehesjoki, A., Siren, A., Guipponi, M., Malafosse, A., Thomas, P., Nabbout, R., Baulac, S., Leguern, E., Guerrero, R., Serratosa, J. M., Reif, P. S., Rosenow, F., Mörzinger, M., Feucht, M., Zimprich, F., Kapser, C., Schankin, C. J., Suls, A., Smets, K., De jonghe, P., Jordanova, A., Caglayan, H., Yapici, Z., Yalcin, D. A., Baykan, B., Bebek, N., Ozbek, U., Gieger, C., Wichmann, H., Balschun, T., Ellinghaus, D., Franke, A., Meesters, C., Becker, T., Wienker, T. F., Hempelmann, A., Schulz, H., Rüschendorf, F., Leber, M., Pauck, S. M., Trucks, H., Toliat, M. R., Nürnberg, P., Avanzini, G., Koeleman, B. P., Sander, T., Weckhuysen, S., Claes, L., Deprez, L., Van Dyck, T., Deconinck, T., De Jonghe, P., Velizarova, R., Dimova, P., Radionova, M., Tournev, I., Kancheva, D., Kaneva, R., Lehesjoki, A. -E., von Spiczak, S., Martin Klein, K., Oertel, W. H., Hamer, H. M., Marini, C., Mei, D., Norci, V., Pezzella, M., La Neve, A., Vigliano, P., Vanadia, F., Vignoli, A., Coppola, A., Striano, S., Egeo, G., Teresa Giallonardo, M., Franceschetti, S., Belcastro, V., Benna, P., Coppola, G., De Palo, A., Ferlazzo, E., Vecchi, M., Martinelli, V., Bisulli, F., Beccaria, F., Del Giudice, E., Mancardi, M., Stranci, G., Scabar, A., Gobbi, G., Giordano, I., de Haan, G. -J., Giraldez, B. G., Ozbeck, U., Ozdemir, O., Ugur, S., Kocasoy-Orhan, E., Yücesan, E., Cine, N., Gokyigit, A., Gurses, C., Gul, G., Ozkara, C., Yalcin, O., Turkdogan, D., Dizdarer, G., Agan, K., Steffens, Michael, Leu, Costin, Ruppert, Ann-Kathrin, Zara, Frederico, Dibbens, Leanne Michelle, Sander, Thomas, EPICURE Consortium, Epicure, Consortium, DEL GIUDICE, Ennio, Steffens, M, Leu, C, Ruppert, Ak, Zara, F, Striano, P, Robbiano, A., Coppola, Antonietta, E. P. I. C. U. R. E. Consortium, E. M. I.Net Consortium, M. Steffen, C. Leu, A. Ruppert, F. Zara, P. Striano, A. Robbiano, G. Capovilla, P. Tinuper, A. Gambardella, A. Bianchi, A. L. Neve, G. Crichiutti, C. G. F, D. K. Trenité, G. d. Haan, D. Lindhout, V. Gau, B. Schmitz, D. Janz, Y. G. Weber, F. Becker, H. Lerche, B. J. Steinhoff, A. A. Kleefuß-Lie, W. S. Kunz, R. Surge, C. E. Elger, H. Muhle, S. v. Spiczak, P. Ostertag, I. Helbig, U. Stephani, R. S. Møller, H. Hjalgrim, L. M. Dibben, S. Bellow, K. Oliver, S. Mullen, I. E. Scheffer, S. F. Berkovic, K. V. Everett, M. R. Gardiner, C. Marini, R. Guerrini, A. Lehesjoki, A. Siren, M. Guipponi, A. Malafosse, P. Thoma, R. Nabbout, S. Baulac, E. Leguern, R. Guerrero, J. M. Serratosa, P. S. Reif, F. Rosenow, M. Mörzinger, M. Feucht, F. Zimprich, C. Kapser, C. J. Schankin, A. Sul, K. Smet, P. D. Jonghe, A. Jordanova, H. Caglayan, Z. Yapici, D. A. Yalcin, B. Baykan, N. Bebek, U. Ozbek, C. Gieger, H. Wichmann, T. Balschun, D. Ellinghau, A. Franke, C. Meester, T. Becker, T. F. Wienker, A. Hempelmann, H. Schulz, F. Rüschendorf, M. Leber, S. M. Pauck, H. Truck, M. R. Toliat, P. Nürnberg, G. Avanzini, B. P. C, and T. Sander

Subjects
Candidate gene, Juvenile, Genome-wide association study, Alleles, Epilepsy, ZEB2 protein, human, VRK2 protein, human, 0302 clinical medicine, genetics [Genetic Predisposition to Disease], genetics, Humans, Myoclonic Epilepsy, genetics [Epilepsy, Generalized], SCN1A protein, human, Genetics (clinical), Genetics, 0303 health sciences, genetics [Epilepsy, Absence], Myoclonic Epilepsy, Juvenile, genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, General Medicine, Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases, 3. Good health, Chemistry, Absence, genetics, Epilepsy, genetics [Myoclonic Epilepsy, Juvenile], Epilepsy, Generalized, genetics [Receptor, Muscarinic M3], genetics, NAV1.1 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel, genetics [Homeodomain Proteins], Single-nucleotide polymorphism, genetics [NAV1.1 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel], Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Biology, genetics [Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases], 03 medical and health sciences, ddc:570, Genetic variation, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, genetics, Repressor Protein, Allele, Molecular Biology, Alleles, Zinc Finger E-box Binding Homeobox 2, 030304 developmental biology, Homeodomain Proteins, Receptor, Muscarinic M3, genetics, Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinase, genetics, Receptor, Generalized, genetics, Genome-Wide Association Study, Homeodomain Protein, Heritability, medicine.disease, NAV1.1 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel, Repressor Proteins, genetics [Repressor Proteins], Muscarinic M3, Epilepsy, Absence, Myoclonic epilepsy, Human medicine, Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Genetic generalized epilepsies (GGEs) have a lifetime prevalence of 0.3\% and account for 20-30\% of all epilepsies. Despite their high heritability of 80\%, the genetic factors predisposing to GGEs remain elusive. To identify susceptibility variants shared across common GGE syndromes, we carried out a two-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 3020 patients with GGEs and 3954 controls of European ancestry. To dissect out syndrome-related variants, we also explored two distinct GGE subgroups comprising 1434 patients with genetic absence epilepsies (GAEs) and 1134 patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). Joint Stage-1 and 2 analyses revealed genome-wide significant associations for GGEs at 2p16.1 (rs13026414, P(meta) = 2.5 × 10(-9), OR[T] = 0.81) and 17q21.32 (rs72823592, P(meta) = 9.3 × 10(-9), OR[A] = 0.77). The search for syndrome-related susceptibility alleles identified significant associations for GAEs at 2q22.3 (rs10496964, P(meta) = 9.1 × 10(-9), OR[T] = 0.68) and at 1q43 for JME (rs12059546, P(meta) = 4.1 × 10(-8), OR[G] = 1.42). Suggestive evidence for an association with GGEs was found in the region 2q24.3 (rs11890028, P(meta) = 4.0 × 10(-6)) nearby the SCN1A gene, which is currently the gene with the largest number of known epilepsy-related mutations. The associated regions harbor high-ranking candidate genes: CHRM3 at 1q43, VRK2 at 2p16.1, ZEB2 at 2q22.3, SCN1A at 2q24.3 and PNPO at 17q21.32. Further replication efforts are necessary to elucidate whether these positional candidate genes contribute to the heritability of the common GGE syndromes.

Published
2012
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6. Familial and sporadic 15q13.3 microdeletions in idiopathic generalized epilepsy: precedent for disorders with complex inheritance

Author

Dibbens, Lm, Mullen, S, Helbig, I, Mefford, Hc, Bayly, Ma, Bellows, S, Leu, C, Trucks, H, Obermeier, T, Wittig, M, Franke, A, Caglayan, H, Yapici, Z, Sander, T, Eichler, Ee, Scheffer, Ie, Mulley, Jc, Berkovic, Sf, De Jonghe, P, Suls, A, Hjalgrim, H, Madsen, Jm, Møller, Rs, Lehesjoki, Ae, Siren, A, Gaus, V, Janz, D, Schmitz, B, Elger, Ce, Hallmann, K, Kleefuß-Lie, Aa, Kunz, Ws, Raabe, A, Muhle, H, Ostertag, P, von Spiczak, S, Stephani, U, Lerche, H, Weber, Yg, Striano, P, Zara, F, Marini, C, Brilstra, Eh, Kastelijn-Nolst, Trenité, Koeleman, D, Bpc, de Kovel, Cgf, Lindhout, D, Swinkels, Mem, Yalcin, O, Baykan, B, Turkdogan, D, Dizdarer, G, Ozkara, C, Lee, Y, Müller-Quernheim, J, Fölster-Holst, R, Hofmann, S, Nebel, A., Schreiber, S, Schürmann, M, Rodriguez, E, Weidinger, S, Baurecht, H, Lie, Ba, Boberg, Km, Karlsen, Th., De Jonghe, Peter, Suls, Arvid, Dibbens, Leanne M, Mullen, Saul, Helbig, Ingo, Mefford, Heather C, Bayly, Marta A, Bellows, Susannah, Leu, Costin, Trucks, Holger, Obermeier, Tanja, Wittig, Michael, Franke, Andre, Caglayan, Hande, Yapici, Zuhal, Sander, Thomas, Eichler, Evan E, Scheffer, Ingrid E, Mulley, John C, and Berkovic, Samuel F

Subjects
Male, Proband, Clinical Sciences, idiopathic generalized epilepsy, European Continental Ancestry Group, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Pedigree chart, family studies, Biology, White People, Cohort Studies, Idiopathic generalized epilepsy, Epilepsy, single nucleotide polymorphism, genetic inheritance, Genetics, medicine, inheritance, Humans, SNP, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Molecular Biology, Genetics (clinical), seizures, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15, Articles, General Medicine, 5q13.3 deletions, medicine.disease, Penetrance, Pedigree, Female, Human medicine, microdeletion, Chromosome Deletion, Comparative genomic hybridization
Abstract

Microdeletion at chromosomal position 15q13.3 has been described in intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia and recently in idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE). Using independent IGE cohorts, we first aimed to confirm the association of 15q13.3 deletions and IGE. We then set out to determine the relative occurrence of sporadic and familial cases and to examine the likelihood of having seizures for individuals with the microdeletion in familial cases. The 15q13.3 microdeletion was identified in 7 of 539 (1.3%) unrelated cases of IGE using quantitative PCR or SNP arrays and confirmed by array comparative genomic hybridization analysis using probes specific to the 15q13.3 region. The inheritance of this lesion was tracked using family studies. Of the seven microdeletions identified in probands, three were de novo, two were transmitted from an unaffected parent and in two cases the parents were unavailable. Non-penetrance of the microdeletion was identified in 4/7 pedigrees and three pedigrees included other family members with IGE who lacked the 15q13.3 deletion. The odds ratio is 68 (95% confidence interval 29-181), indicating a pathogenic lesion predisposing to epilepsy with complex inheritance and incomplete penetrance for the IGE component of the phenotype in multiplex families. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Published
2009
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7. Sub-genic intolerance, ClinVar, and the epilepsies: A whole-exome sequencing study of 29,165 individuals

Author

Joshua E. Motelow, Gundula Povysil, Ryan S. Dhindsa, Kate E. Stanley, Andrew S. Al- len, Yen-Chen Anne Feng, Daniel P. Howrigan, Liam E. Abbott, Ka- therine Tashman, Felecia Cerrato, Caroline Cusick, Tarjinder Singh, Henrike Heyne, Andrea E. Byrnes, Claire Churchhouse, Nick Watts, Matthew Solomonson, Dennis Lal, Namrata Gupta, Benjamin M. Neale, Gianpiero L. Cavalleri, Patrick Cossette, Chris Cotsapas, Peter De Jonghe, Tracy Dixon-Salazar, Renzo Guerrini, Hakon Hakonarson, Erin L. Heinzen, Ingo Helbig, Patrick Kwan, Anthony G. Marson, Slave ? Petrovski, Sitharthan Kamalakaran, Sanjay M. Sisodiya, Randy Stewart, Sarah Weckhuysen, Chantal Depondt, Dennis J. Dlugos, Ingrid E. Scheffer, Pasquale Striano, Catharine Freyer, Roland Krause, Patrick May, Kevin McKenna, Brigid M. Regan, Caitlin A. Bennett, Costin Leu, Stephanie L. Leech, Terence J. O'Brien, Marian Todaro, Hannah Stamberger, Danielle M. Andrade, Quratulain Zulfiqar Ali, Tara R. Sadoway, Heinz Krestel, Andre ? Schaller, Savvas S. Papacostas, Ioanna Kou- siappa, George A. Tanteles, Yiolanda Christou, Katalin Sterbova ?, Marke ? ta Vlckova ?, Lucie Sedlackova, Petra Lassuthova ?, Karl Martin Klein, Felix Rosenow, Philipp S. Reif, Susanne Knake, Bernd A. Neubauer, Friedrich Zimprich, Martha Feucht, Eva M. Reinthaler, Wolfram S. Kunz, Ga ?bor Zsurka, Rainer Surges, Tobias Baumgart- ner, Randi von Wrede, Manuela Pendziwiat, Hiltrud Muhle, An- nika Rademacher, Andreas van Baalen, Sarah von Spiczak, Ulrich Stephani, Zaid Afawi, Amos D. Korczyn, Moien Kanaan, Christina Canavati, Gerhard Kurlemann, Karen Mu ?ller-Schlu ?ter, Gerhard Kluger, Martin Ha ?usler, Ilan Blatt, Johannes R. Lemke, Ilona Krey, Yvonne G. Weber, Stefan Wolking, Felicitas Becker, Stephan Lauxmann, Christian Boßelmann, Josua Kegele, Christian Hengs- bach, Sarah Rau, Bernhard J. Steinhoff, Andreas Schulze-Bonhage, IngoBorggra ?fe, ChristophJ.Schankin, SusanneSchubert-Bast, Herbert Schreiber, Thomas Mayer, Rudolf Korinthenberg, Knut Brockmann, Markus Wolff, Dieter Dennig, Rene Madeleyn, Reetta Ka ?lvia ?inen, Anni Saarela, Oskari Timonen, Tarja Linnankivi, Anna-Elina Lehesjoki, Sylvain Rheims, Gaetan Lesca, Philippe Ryvlin, Louis Maillard, Luc Valton, Philippe Derambure, Fabrice Bartolomei, Edouard Hirsch, Ve ?ronique Michel, Francine Chas- soux, Mark I. Rees, Seo-Kyung Chung, William O. Pickrell, Robert Powell, Mark D. Baker, Beata Fonferko-Shadrach, Charlotte Law- thom, Joseph Anderson, Natascha Schneider, Simona Balestrini, Sara Zagaglia, Vera Braatz, Michael R. Johnson, Pauls Auce, Graeme J. Sills, Larry W. Baum, Pak C. Sham, Stacey S. Cherny, Colin H.T. Lui, Norman Delanty, Colin P. Doherty, Arif Shukralla, Hany El-Naggar, Peter Widdess-Walsh, Nina Barisic, Laura 12 The American Journal of Human Genetics 108, 1-18, June 3, 2021 Please cite this article in press as: Epi25 Collaborative, Sub-genic intolerance, ClinVar, the epilepsies: A whole-exome sequencing study of 29, 165 individuals, The American Journal of Human Genetics (2021), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.04.009 Canafoglia, Silvana Franceschetti, Barbara Castellotti, Tiziana Granata, Francesca Ragona, Federico Zara, Michele Iacomino, An- tonella Riva, Francesca Madia, Maria Stella Vari, Vincenzo Salpie- tro, Marcello Scala, Maria Margherita Mancardi, Lino Nobili, Elisa- betta Amadori, Thea Giacomini, Francesca Bisulli, Tommaso Pippucci, Laura Licchetta, Raffaella Minardi, Paolo Tinuper, Lor- enzo Muccioli, Barbara Mostacci, Antonio Gambardella, Angelo Labate, Grazia Annesi, Lorella Manna, Monica Gagliardi, Elena Parrini, Davide Mei, Annalisa Vetro, Claudia Bianchini, Martino Montomoli, Viola Doccini, Carmen Barba, Shinichi Hirose, At- sushi Ishii, Toshimitsu Suzuki, Yushi Inoue, Kazuhiro Yamakawa, Ahmad Beydoun, Wassim Nasreddine, Nathalie Khoueiry Zgheib, Birute Tumiene, Algirdas Utkus, Lynette G. Sadleir, Chontelle King, S. Hande Caglayan, Mutluay Arslan, Zuhal Yap?c?, P?nar To- paloglu, Bulent Kara, Uluc Yis, Dilsad Turkdogan, Asl? Gun- dogdu-Eken, Nerses Bebek, Meng-Han Tsai, Chen-Jui Ho, Chih- Hsiang Lin, Kuang-Lin Lin, I-Jun Chou, Annapurna Poduri, Beth R. Shiedley, Catherine Shain, Jeffrey L. Noebels, Alicia Goldman, Robyn M. Busch, Lara Jehi, Imad M. Najm, Lisa Ferguson, Jean Khoury, Tracy A. Glauser, Peggy O. Clark, Russell J. Buono, Thomas N. Ferraro, Michael R. Sperling, Warren Lo, Michael Privitera, Jac- queline A. French, Steven Schachter, Ruben I. Kuzniecky, Orrin Devinsky, Manu Hegde, David A. Greenberg, Colin A. Ellis, Ethan Goldberg, Katherine L. Helbig, Mahgenn Cosico, Priya Vaidis- waran, Eryn Fitch, Samuel F. Berkovic, Holger Lerche, Daniel H. Lowenstein, David B. Goldstein., Motelow J.E., Povysil G., Dhindsa R.S., Stanley K.E., Allen A.S., Feng Y.-C.A., Howrigan D.P., Abbott L.E., Tashman K., Cerrato F., Cusick C., Singh T., Heyne H., Byrnes A.E., Churchhouse C., Watts N., Solomonson M., Lal D., Gupta N., Neale B.M., Cavalleri G.L., Cossette P., Cotsapas C., De Jonghe P., Dixon-Salazar T., Guerrini R., Hakonarson H., Heinzen E.L., Helbig I., Kwan P., Marson A.G., Petrovski S., Kamalakaran S., Sisodiya S.M., Stewart R., Weckhuysen S., Depondt C., Dlugos D.J., Scheffer I.E., Striano P., Freyer C., Krause R., May P., McKenna K., Regan B.M., Bennett C.A., Leu C., Leech S.L., O'Brien T.J., Todaro M., Stamberger H., Andrade D.M., Ali Q.Z., Sadoway T.R., Krestel H., Schaller A., Papacostas S.S., Kousiappa I., Tanteles G.A., Christou Y., Sterbova K., Vlckova M., Sedlackova L., Lassuthova P., Klein K.M., Rosenow F., Reif P.S., Knake S., Neubauer B.A., Zimprich F., Feucht M., Reinthaler E.M., Kunz W.S., Zsurka G., Surges R., Baumgartner T., von Wrede R., Pendziwiat M., Muhle H., Rademacher A., van Baalen A., von Spiczak S., Stephani U., Afawi Z., Korczyn A.D., Kanaan M., Canavati C., Kurlemann G., Muller-Schluter K., Kluger G., Hausler M., Blatt I., Lemke J.R., Krey I., Weber Y.G., Wolking S., Becker F., Lauxmann S., Bosselmann C., Kegele J., Hengsbach C., Rau S., Steinhoff B.J., Schulze-Bonhage A., Borggrafe I., Schankin C.J., Schubert-Bast S., Schreiber H., Mayer T., Korinthenberg R., Brockmann K., Wolff M., Dennig D., Madeleyn R., Kalviainen R., Saarela A., Timonen O., Linnankivi T., Lehesjoki A.-E., Rheims S., Lesca G., Ryvlin P., Maillard L., Valton L., Derambure P., Bartolomei F., Hirsch E., Michel V., Chassoux F., Rees M.I., Chung S.-K., Pickrell W.O., Powell R., Baker M.D., Fonferko-Shadrach B., Lawthom C., Anderson J., Schneider N., Balestrini S., Zagaglia S., Braatz V., Johnson M.R., Auce P., Sills G.J., Baum L.W., Sham P.C., Cherny S.S., Lui C.H.T., Delanty N., Doherty C.P., Shukralla A., El-Naggar H., Widdess-Walsh P., Barisic N., Canafoglia L., Franceschetti S., Castellotti B., Granata T., Ragona F., Zara F., Iacomino M., Riva A., Madia F., Vari M.S., Salpietro V., Scala M., Mancardi M.M., Nobili L., Amadori E., Giacomini T., Bisulli F., Pippucci T., Licchetta L., Minardi R., Tinuper P., Muccioli L., Mostacci B., Gambardella A., Labate A., Annesi G., Manna L., Gagliardi M., Parrini E., Mei D., Vetro A., Bianchini C., Montomoli M., Doccini V., Barba C., Hirose S., Ishii A., Suzuki T., Inoue Y., Yamakawa K., Beydoun A., Nasreddine W., Khoueiry Zgheib N., Tumiene B., Utkus A., Sadleir L.G., King C., Caglayan S.H., Arslan M., Yapici Z., Topaloglu P., Kara B., Yis U., Turkdogan D., Gundogdu-Eken A., Bebek N., Tsai M.-H., Ho C.-J., Lin C.-H., Lin K.-L., Chou I.-J., Poduri A., Shiedley B.R., Shain C., Noebels J.L., Goldman A., Busch R.M., Jehi L., Najm I.M., Ferguson L., Khoury J., Glauser T.A., Clark P.O., Buono R.J., Ferraro T.N., Sperling M.R., Lo W., Privitera M., French J.A., Schachter S., Kuzniecky R.I., Devinsky O., Hegde M., Greenberg D.A., Ellis C.A., Goldberg E., Helbig K.L., Cosico M., Vaidiswaran P., Fitch E., Berkovic S.F., Lerche H., Lowenstein D.H., Goldstein D.B., Epi25 Collaborative, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, focal epilepsy, Whole Exome Sequencing, Cohort Studies, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, Genetic Marker, Missense mutation, Exome, whole-exome sequencing, generalized epilepsy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Genetics (clinical), Exome sequencing, seizures, Genetics, ClinVar, Phenotype, epileptic encephalopathy, Epi25, intolerance, Case-Control Studie, Human, Genetic Markers, seizure, Disease Association, Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Exome Sequencing, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genetic Testing, Generalized epilepsy, Gene, Louvain, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Correction, Genetic Variation, medicine.disease, epilepsy, Human genetics, 030104 developmental biology, Case-Control Studies, Human medicine, Cohort Studie, Genetic generalized epilepsy, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Summary Both mild and severe epilepsies are influenced by variants in the same genes, yet an explanation for the resulting phenotypic variation is unknown. As part of the ongoing Epi25 Collaboration, we performed a whole-exome sequencing analysis of 13,487 epilepsy-affected individuals and 15,678 control individuals. While prior Epi25 studies focused on gene-based collapsing analyses, we asked how the pattern of variation within genes differs by epilepsy type. Specifically, we compared the genetic architectures of severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) and two generally less severe epilepsies, genetic generalized epilepsy and non-acquired focal epilepsy (NAFE). Our gene-based rare variant collapsing analysis used geographic ancestry-based clustering that included broader ancestries than previously possible and revealed novel associations. Using the missense intolerance ratio (MTR), we found that variants in DEE-affected individuals are in significantly more intolerant genic sub-regions than those in NAFE-affected individuals. Only previously reported pathogenic variants absent in available genomic datasets showed a significant burden in epilepsy-affected individuals compared with control individuals, and the ultra-rare pathogenic variants associated with DEE were located in more intolerant genic sub-regions than variants associated with non-DEE epilepsies. MTR filtering improved the yield of ultra-rare pathogenic variants in affected individuals compared with control individuals. Finally, analysis of variants in genes without a disease association revealed a significant burden of loss-of-function variants in the genes most intolerant to such variation, indicating additional epilepsy-risk genes yet to be discovered. Taken together, our study suggests that genic and sub-genic intolerance are critical characteristics for interpreting the effects of variation in genes that influence epilepsy.

Published
2021
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8. Ultra-Rare Genetic Variation in the Epilepsies: A Whole-Exome Sequencing Study of 17,606 Individuals

Author

Yen-Chen Anne Feng, Daniel P. Howrigan, Liam E. Abbott, Katherine Tashman, Felecia Cerrato, Tarjinder Singh, Henrike Heyne, Andrea Byrnes, Claire Churchhouse, Nick Watts, Matthew Solomonson, Dennis Lal, Erin L. Heinzen, Ryan S. Dhindsa, Kate E. Stanley, Gianpiero L. Cavalleri, Hakon Hakonarson, Ingo Helbig, Roland Krause, Patrick May, Sarah Weckhuysen, Slavé Petrovski, Sitharthan Kamalakaran, Sanjay M. Sisodiya, Patrick Cossette, Chris Cotsapas, Peter De Jonghe, Tracy Dixon-Salazar, Renzo Guerrini, Patrick Kwan, Anthony G. Marson, Randy Stewart, Chantal Depondt, Dennis J. Dlugos, Ingrid E. Scheffer, Pasquale Striano, Catharine Freyer, Kevin McKenna, Brigid M. Regan, Susannah T. Bellows, Costin Leu, Caitlin A. Bennett, Esther M.C. Johns, Alexandra Macdonald, Hannah Shilling, Rosemary Burgess, Dorien Weckhuysen, Melanie Bahlo, Terence J. O’Brien, Marian Todaro, Hannah Stamberger, Danielle M. Andrade, Tara R. Sadoway, Kelly Mo, Heinz Krestel, Sabina Gallati, Savvas S. Papacostas, Ioanna Kousiappa, George A. Tanteles, Katalin Štěrbová, Markéta Vlčková, Lucie Sedláčková, Petra Laššuthová, Karl Martin Klein, Felix Rosenow, Philipp S. Reif, Susanne Knake, Wolfram S. Kunz, Gábor Zsurka, Christian E. Elger, Jürgen Bauer, Michael Rademacher, Manuela Pendziwiat, Hiltrud Muhle, Annika Rademacher, Andreas van Baalen, Sarah von Spiczak, Ulrich Stephani, Zaid Afawi, Amos D. Korczyn, Moien Kanaan, Christina Canavati, Gerhard Kurlemann, Karen Müller-Schlüter, Gerhard Kluger, Martin Häusler, Ilan Blatt, Johannes R. Lemke, Ilona Krey, Yvonne G. Weber, Stefan Wolking, Felicitas Becker, Christian Hengsbach, Sarah Rau, Ana F. Maisch, Bernhard J. Steinhoff, Andreas Schulze-Bonhage, Susanne Schubert-Bast, Herbert Schreiber, Ingo Borggräfe, Christoph J. Schankin, Thomas Mayer, Rudolf Korinthenberg, Knut Brockmann, Dieter Dennig, Rene Madeleyn, Reetta Kälviäinen, Pia Auvinen, Anni Saarela, Tarja Linnankivi, Anna-Elina Lehesjoki, Mark I. Rees, Seo-Kyung Chung, William O. Pickrell, Robert Powell, Natascha Schneider, Simona Balestrini, Sara Zagaglia, Vera Braatz, Michael R. Johnson, Pauls Auce, Graeme J. Sills, Larry W. Baum, Pak C. Sham, Stacey S. Cherny, Colin H.T. Lui, Nina Barišić, Norman Delanty, Colin P. Doherty, Arif Shukralla, Mark McCormack, Hany El-Naggar, Laura Canafoglia, Silvana Franceschetti, Barbara Castellotti, Tiziana Granata, Federico Zara, Michele Iacomino, Francesca Madia, Maria Stella Vari, Maria Margherita Mancardi, Vincenzo Salpietro, Francesca Bisulli, Paolo Tinuper, Laura Licchetta, Tommaso Pippucci, Carlotta Stipa, Raffaella Minardi, Antonio Gambardella, Angelo Labate, Grazia Annesi, Lorella Manna, Monica Gagliardi, Elena Parrini, Davide Mei, Annalisa Vetro, Claudia Bianchini, Martino Montomoli, Viola Doccini, Carla Marini, Toshimitsu Suzuki, Yushi Inoue, Kazuhiro Yamakawa, Birute Tumiene, Lynette G. Sadleir, Chontelle King, Emily Mountier, S. Hande Caglayan, Mutluay Arslan, Zuhal Yapıcı, Uluc Yis, Pınar Topaloglu, Bulent Kara, Dilsad Turkdogan, Aslı Gundogdu-Eken, Nerses Bebek, Sibel Uğur-İşeri, Betül Baykan, Barış Salman, Garen Haryanyan, Emrah Yücesan, Yeşim Kesim, Çiğdem Özkara, Annapurna Poduri, Beth R. Shiedley, Catherine Shain, Russell J. Buono, Thomas N. Ferraro, Michael R. Sperling, Warren Lo, Michael Privitera, Jacqueline A. French, Steven Schachter, Ruben I. Kuzniecky, Orrin Devinsky, Manu Hegde, Pouya Khankhanian, Katherine L. Helbig, Colin A. Ellis, Gianfranco Spalletta, Fabrizio Piras, Federica Piras, Tommaso Gili, Valentina Ciullo, Andreas Reif, Andrew McQuillin, Nick Bass, Andrew McIntosh, Douglas Blackwood, Mandy Johnstone, Aarno Palotie, Michele T. Pato, Carlos N. Pato, Evelyn J. Bromet, Celia Barreto Carvalho, Eric D. Achtyes, Maria Helena Azevedo, Roman Kotov, Douglas S. Lehrer, Dolores Malaspina, Stephen R. Marder, Helena Medeiros, Christopher P. Morley, Diana O. Perkins, Janet L. Sobell, Peter F. Buckley, Fabio Macciardi, Mark H. Rapaport, James A. Knowles, Ayman H. Fanous, Steven A. McCarroll, Namrata Gupta, Stacey B. Gabriel, Mark J. Daly, Eric S. Lander, Daniel H. Lowenstein, David B. Goldstein, Holger Lerche, Samuel F. Berkovic, Benjamin M. Neale, Wellcome Trust, Department of Health, Institute of Neurology, UCL, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust- BRC Funding, Commission of the European Communities, Medical Research Council (MRC), Feng Y.-C.A., Howrigan D.P., Abbott L.E., Tashman K., Cerrato F., Singh T., Heyne H., Byrnes A., Churchhouse C., Watts N., Solomonson M., Lal D., Heinzen E.L., Dhindsa R.S., Stanley K.E., Cavalleri G.L., Hakonarson H., Helbig I., Krause R., May P., Weckhuysen S., Petrovski S., Kamalakaran S., Sisodiya S.M., Cossette P., Cotsapas C., De Jonghe P., Dixon-Salazar T., Guerrini R., Kwan P., Marson A.G., Stewart R., Depondt C., Dlugos D.J., Scheffer I.E., Striano P., Freyer C., McKenna K., Regan B.M., Bellows S.T., Leu C., Bennett C.A., Johns E.M.C., Macdonald A., Shilling H., Burgess R., Weckhuysen D., Bahlo M., O'Brien T.J., Todaro M., Stamberger H., Andrade D.M., Sadoway T.R., Mo K., Krestel H., Gallati S., Papacostas S.S., Kousiappa I., Tanteles G.A., Sterbova K., Vlckova M., Sedlackova L., Lassuthova P., Klein K.M., Rosenow F., Reif P.S., Knake S., Kunz W.S., Zsurka G., Elger C.E., Bauer J., Rademacher M., Pendziwiat M., Muhle H., Rademacher A., van Baalen A., von Spiczak S., Stephani U., Afawi Z., Korczyn A.D., Kanaan M., Canavati C., Kurlemann G., Muller-Schluter K., Kluger G., Hausler M., Blatt I., Lemke J.R., Krey I., Weber Y.G., Wolking S., Becker F., Hengsbach C., Rau S., Maisch A.F., Steinhoff B.J., Schulze-Bonhage A., Schubert-Bast S., Schreiber H., Borggrafe I., Schankin C.J., Mayer T., Korinthenberg R., Brockmann K., Dennig D., Madeleyn R., Kalviainen R., Auvinen P., Saarela A., Linnankivi T., Lehesjoki A.-E., Rees M.I., Chung S.-K., Pickrell W.O., Powell R., Schneider N., Balestrini S., Zagaglia S., Braatz V., Johnson M.R., Auce P., Sills G.J., Baum L.W., Sham P.C., Cherny S.S., Lui C.H.T., Barisic N., Delanty N., Doherty C.P., Shukralla A., McCormack M., El-Naggar H., Canafoglia L., Franceschetti S., Castellotti B., Granata T., Zara F., Iacomino M., Madia F., Vari M.S., Mancardi M.M., Salpietro V., Bisulli F., Tinuper P., Licchetta L., Pippucci T., Stipa C., Minardi R., Gambardella A., Labate A., Annesi G., Manna L., Gagliardi M., Parrini E., Mei D., Vetro A., Bianchini C., Montomoli M., Doccini V., Marini C., Suzuki T., Inoue Y., Yamakawa K., Tumiene B., Sadleir L.G., King C., Mountier E., Caglayan S.H., Arslan M., Yapici Z., Yis U., Topaloglu P., Kara B., Turkdogan D., Gundogdu-Eken A., Bebek N., Ugur-Iseri S., Baykan B., Salman B., Haryanyan G., Yucesan E., Kesim Y., Ozkara C., Poduri A., Shiedley B.R., Shain C., Buono R.J., Ferraro T.N., Sperling M.R., Lo W., Privitera M., French J.A., Schachter S., Kuzniecky R.I., Devinsky O., Hegde M., Khankhanian P., Helbig K.L., Ellis C.A., Spalletta G., Piras F., Gili T., Ciullo V., Reif A., McQuillin A., Bass N., McIntosh A., Blackwood D., Johnstone M., Palotie A., Pato M.T., Pato C.N., Bromet E.J., Carvalho C.B., Achtyes E.D., Azevedo M.H., Kotov R., Lehrer D.S., Malaspina D., Marder S.R., Medeiros H., Morley C.P., Perkins D.O., Sobell J.L., Buckley P.F., Macciardi F., Rapaport M.H., Knowles J.A., Fanous A.H., McCarroll S.A., Gupta N., Gabriel S.B., Daly M.J., Lander E.S., Lowenstein D.H., Goldstein D.B., Lerche H., Berkovic S.F., Neale B.M., Epi25 Collaborative, YÜCESAN, EMRAH, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Children's Hospital, HUS Children and Adolescents, Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University Management, Centre of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics, Aarno Palotie / Principal Investigator, and Genomics of Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Subjects
s.berkovic@unimelb.edu.au [Epi25 Collaborative. Electronic address], 0301 basic medicine, GAMMA-2-SUBUNIT, burden analysi, DNA Mutational Analysis, PROTEIN, Neurodegenerative, VARIANTS, SUSCEPTIBILITY, Medical and Health Sciences, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, EPIDEMIOLOGY, Missense mutation, Exome, Aetiology, Genetics (clinical), Exome sequencing, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, seizures, GABRG2, Genetics, Genetics & Heredity, 0303 health sciences, biology, COMMON EPILEPSIES, 1184 Genetics, developmental biology, physiology, sequencing, Biological Sciences, Epi25 Collaborative, Phenotype, GENOME, epileptic encephalopathy, burden analysis, Neurological, Biotechnology, Genetic Markers, seizure, EEF1A2, Burden analysis, epilepsy, exome, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Clinical Research, Exome Sequencing, Genetic variation, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Gene, EPILEPTIC SEIZURES, METAANALYSIS, 030304 developmental biology, Human Genome, Neurosciences, Genetic Variation, 06 Biological Sciences, medicine.disease, Brain Disorders, 030104 developmental biology, Genetic marker, DE-NOVO MUTATIONS, Case-Control Studies, biology.protein, 3111 Biomedicine, Human medicine, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Sequencing-based studies have identified novel risk genes for rare, severe epilepsies and revealed a role of rare deleterious variation in common epilepsies. To identify the shared and distinct ultra-rare genetic risk factors for rare and common epilepsies, we performed a whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis of 9,170 epilepsy-affected individuals and 8,364 controls of European ancestry. We focused on three phenotypic groups; the rare but severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE), and the commoner phenotypes of genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) and non-acquired focal epilepsy (NAFE). We observed that compared to controls, individuals with any type of epilepsy carried an excess of ultra-rare, deleterious variants in constrained genes and in genes previously associated with epilepsy, with the strongest enrichment seen in DEE and the least in NAFE. Moreover, we found that inhibitory GABAA receptor genes were enriched for missense variants across all three classes of epilepsy, while no enrichment was seen in excitatory receptor genes. The larger gene groups for the GABAergic pathway or cation channels also showed a significant mutational burden in DEE and GGE. Although no single gene surpassed exome-wide significance among individuals with GGE or NAFE, highly constrained genes and genes encoding ion channels were among the top associations, including CACNA1G, EEF1A2, and GABRG2 for GGE and LGI1, TRIM3, and GABRG2 for NAFE. Our study confirms a convergence in the genetics of common and rare epilepsies associated with ultra-rare coding variation and highlights a ubiquitous role for GABAergic inhibition in epilepsy etiology in the largest epilepsy WES study to date.

Published
2019
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9. 16p11.2 600 kb Duplications confer risk for typical and atypical Rolandic epilepsy

Author

Eva M. Reinthaler, Dennis Lal, Sebastien Lebon, Michael S. Hildebrand, Hans-Henrik M. Dahl, Brigid M. Regan, Martha Feucht, Hannelore Steinböck, Birgit Neophytou, Gabriel M. Ronen, Laurian Roche, Ursula Gruber-Sedlmayr, Julia Geldner, Edda Haberlandt, Per Hoffmann, Stefan Herms, Christian Gieger, Melanie Waldenberger, Andre Franke, Michael Wittig, Susanne Schoch, Albert J. Becker, Andreas Hahn, Katrin Männik, Mohammad R. Toliat, Georg Winterer, Holger Lerche, Peter Nürnberg, Heather Mefford, Ingrid E. Scheffer, Samuel F. Berkovic, Jacques S. Beckmann, Thomas Sander, Sebastien Jacquemont, Alexandre Reymond, Fritz Zimprich, Bernd A. Neubauer, Bernd Neubauer, Martina Mörzinger, Arvid Suls, Sarah Weckhuysen, Lieve Claes, Liesbet Deprez, Katrien Smets, Tine Van Dyck, Tine Deconinck, Peter De Jonghe, Rikke S Møller, Laura L. Klitten, Helle Hjalgrim, Kiel Campus, Ingo Helbig, Hiltrud Muhle, Philipp Ostertag, Sarah von Spiczak, Ulrich Stephani, Holger Trucks, Christian E. Elger, Ailing A. Kleefuß-Lie, Wolfram S. Kunz, Rainer Surges, Verena Gaus, Dieter Janz, Bettina Schmitz, Felix Rosenow, Karl Martin Klein, Philipp S. Reif, Wolfgang H. Oertel, Hajo M. Hamer, Felicitas Becker, Yvonne Weber, Bobby P.C. Koeleman, Carolien de Kovel, Dick Lindhout, Agnès Ameil, Joris Andrieux, Sonia Bouquillon, Odile Boute, Jeanne de Flandre, Jean Marie Cuisset, Jean-Christophe Cuvellier, Roger Salengro, Albert David, Bert de Vries, Marie-Ange Delrue, Martine Doco-Fenzy, Bridget A. Fernandez, Delphine Heron, Boris Keren, Robert Lebel, Bruno Leheup, Suzanne Lewis, Maria Antonietta Mencarelli, Cyril Mignot, Jean-Claude Minet, Alexandre Moerman, Fanny Morice-Picard, Mafalda Mucciolo, Katrin Ounap, Laurent Pasquier, Florence Petit, Francesca Ragona, Evica Rajcan-Separovic, Alessandra Renieri, Claudine Rieubland, Damien Sanlaville, Elisabeth Sarrazin, Yiping Shen, Mieke van Haelst, Anneke Vulto-van Silfhout, 16p11.2 European Consortium, EPICURE Consortium, EuroEPINOMICS Consortium, Reinthaler, EM., Zimprich, F., Feucht, M., Steinböck, H., Neophytou, B., Geldner, J., Gruber-Sedlmayr, U., Haberlandt, E., Ronen, GM., Roche, L., Lal, D., Nürnberg, P., Sander, T., Lerche, H., Neubauer, B., Mörzinger, M., Suls, A., Weckhuysen, S., Claes, L., Deprez, L., Smets, K., Van Dyck, T., Deconinck, T., De Jonghe, P., Møller, RS., Klitten, LL., Hjalgrim, H., Campus, K., Helbig, I., Muhle, H., Ostertag, P., von Spiczak, S., Stephani, U., Trucks, H., Elger, CE., Kleefuß-Lie, AA., Kunz, WS., Surges, R., Gaus, V., Janz, D., Schmitz, B., Rosenow, F., Klein, KM., Reif, PS., Oertel, WH., Hamer, HM., Becker, F., Weber, Y., Koeleman, BP., de Kovel, C., Lindhout, D., Ameil, A., Andrieux, J., Bouquillon, S., Boute, O., Cordier, MP., Cuisset, JM., Cuvellier, JC., David, A., de Vries, B., Delrue, MA., Doco-Fenzy, M., Fernandez, BA., Heron, D., Keren, B., Lebel, R., Leheup, B., Lewis, S., Mencarelli, MA., Mignot, C., Minet, JC., Moerman, A., Morice-Picard, F., Mucciolo, M., Ounap, K., Pasquier, L., Petit, F., Ragona, F., Rajcan-Separovic, E., Renieri, A., Rieubland, C., Sanlaville, D., Sarrazin, E., Shen, Y., van Haelst, M., Vulto-van Silfhout, A., and Other departments

Subjects
Male, DNA Copy Number Variations, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22, 610 Medicine & health, Locus (genetics), Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Temporal lobe, Epilepsy, Gene duplication, Chromosome Duplication, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Copy-number variation, Child, Molecular Biology, Genetics (clinical), Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15, Infant, General Medicine, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Epilepsy, Rolandic, Rolandic epilepsy, Exact test, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1, Child, Preschool, Female, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16
Abstract

Rolandic epilepsy (RE) is the most common idiopathic focal childhood epilepsy. Its molecular basis is largely unknown and a complex genetic etiology is assumed in the majority of affected individuals. The present study tested whether six large recurrent copy number variants at 1q21, 15q11.2, 15q13.3, 16p11.2, 16p13.11 and 22q11.2 previously associated with neurodevelopmental disorders also increase risk of RE. Our association analyses revealed a significant excess of the 600 kb genomic duplication at the 16p11.2 locus (chr16: 29.5-30.1 Mb) in 393 unrelated patients with typical (n = 339) and atypical (ARE; n = 54) RE compared with the prevalence in 65,046 European population controls (5/393 cases versus 32/65,046 controls; Fisher's exact test P = 2.83 × 10(-6), odds ratio = 26.2, 95% confidence interval: 7.9-68.2). In contrast, the 16p11.2 duplication was not detected in 1738 European epilepsy patients with either temporal lobe epilepsy (n = 330) and genetic generalized epilepsies (n = 1408), suggesting a selective enrichment of the 16p11.2 duplication in idiopathic focal childhood epilepsies (Fisher's exact test P = 2.1 × 10(-4)). In a subsequent screen among children carrying the 16p11.2 600 kb rearrangement we identified three patients with RE-spectrum epilepsies in 117 duplication carriers (2.6%) but none in 202 carriers of the reciprocal deletion. Our results suggest that the 16p11.2 duplication represents a significant genetic risk factor for typical and atypical RE.

Published
2014
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10. RARS1 ‐related hypomyelinating leukodystrophy: Expanding the spectrum

Author

Chiara Aiello, Isabella Moroni, Mary Kay Koenig, Bryce A. Mendelsohn, Geneviève Bernard, Nicole I. Wolf, Enrico Bertini, Sarah von Spiczak, Gajja S. Salomons, Davide Tonduti, Adeline L. Vanderver, Desirée E.C. Smith, Ingo Helbig, Nicola Brunetti-Pierri, Shanice Beerepoot, Ettore Salsano, Jozef Hertecant, Marjo S van der Knaap, Jullie Rhee, Hiltrud Muhle, John H. Livingston, Gerarda Cappuccio, Laura Russell, Jamie L. Fraser, Lisa Emrick, Katherine L. Helbig, Franco Taroni, Marisa I. Mendes, Omar Ismayl, Lydia Green, Daniela Di Bella, Stefania Magri, Mendes, M. I., Green, L. M. C., Bertini, E., Tonduti, D., Aiello, C., Smith, D., Salsano, E., Beerepoot, S., Hertecant, J., von Spiczak, S., Livingston, J. H., Emrick, L., Fraser, J., Russell, L., Bernard, G., Magri, S., Di Bella, D., Taroni, F., Koenig, M. K., Moroni, I., Cappuccio, G., Brunetti-Pierri, N., Rhee, J., Mendelsohn, B. A., Helbig, I., Helbig, K., Muhle, H., Ismayl, O., Vanderver, A. L., Salomons, G. S., van der Knaap, M. S., Wolf, N. I., Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, AGEM - Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Laboratory Medicine, AGEM - Endocrinology, metabolism and nutrition, AGEM - Inborn errors of metabolism, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Pediatric surgery, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), and Functional Genomics

Subjects
Adult, 0301 basic medicine, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Nystagmus, Severity of Illness Index, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Atrophy, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Demyelinating disease, medicine, Humans, Missense mutation, Spasticity, Age of Onset, RC346-429, Child, Genetic Association Studies, Research Articles, business.industry, General Neuroscience, Leukodystrophy, Genetic disorder, Infant, Arginine-tRNA Ligase, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Hereditary Central Nervous System Demyelinating Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, 030104 developmental biology, Child, Preschool, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, Neurology (clinical), Age of onset, medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, RC321-571, Research Article
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Biallelic variants in RARS1, encoding the cytoplasmic tRNA synthetase for arginine (ArgRS), cause a hypomyelinating leukodystrophy. This study aimed to investigate clinical, neuroradiological and genetic features of patients with RARS1-related disease, and to identify possible genotype-phenotype relationships.METHODS: We performed a multinational cross-sectional survey among 20 patients with biallelic RARS1 variants identified by next-generation sequencing techniques. Clinical data, brain MRI findings and genetic results were analyzed. Additionally, ArgRS activity was measured in fibroblasts of four patients, and translation of long and short ArgRS isoforms was quantified by western blot.RESULTS: Clinical presentation ranged from severe (onset in the first 3 months, usually with refractory epilepsy and early brain atrophy), to intermediate (onset in the first year with nystagmus and spasticity), and mild (onset around or after 12 months with minimal cognitive impairment and preserved independent walking). The most frequent RARS1 variant, c.5A>G, led to mild or intermediate phenotypes, whereas truncating variants and variants affecting amino acids close to the ArgRS active centre led to severe phenotypes. ArgRS activity was significantly reduced in three patients with intermediate and severe phenotypes; in a fourth patient with intermediate to severe presentation, we measured normal ArgRS activity, but found translation mainly of the short instead of the long ArgRS isoform.INTERPRETATION: Variants in RARS1 impair ArgRS activity and do not only lead to a classic hypomyelination presentation with nystagmus and spasticity, but to a wide spectrum, ranging from severe, early-onset epileptic encephalopathy with brain atrophy to mild disease with relatively preserved myelination.

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