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The web service computing paradigm has introduced great benefits to the growth of e-markets, both under the customer to business and the business to business models. The value capabilities allowed by the conception of web services, such as interoperability, efficiency, just-in-time integration, etc., have made them the most common way of doing business online. With the maturation of the web services underlying functional properties and facilitating standards, and with the proliferation of the amounts of data they use and they generate, researchers and practitioners have been dedicating considerable efforts to the related emerging privacy concerns. The literature contains number of research works on these privacy concerns, each addressing them from a different focal point. We have explored the available literature on web services privacy during transactions, to present, in this paper, a thorough survey of the most relevant published proposals. We identified 20 works that address privacy related problems in web services consumption. We categorize them based on the approach they take and we compare them based on a proposed evaluation framework, derived from the adopted techniques and addressed requirements.

Proliferation of Web services based applications, collaboration and interoperability between companies, extremely heterogeneous policies of security, and, more generally, reply attacks over Internet are major challenges in the design of security infrastructures for Web services. In this paper, we focus our study on authentication of composite Web services. Authentication is certainly at the heart of any secure system. Thus, we propose a distributed model of authentication based on the circle of trust concept for composite Web services. This model has several functionalities: First, it ensures authentication for arbitrary composite Web services over Internet. Second, it can process across and beyond domain authentication boundaries. Third, it takes over the conflicts of security policies using the concept of Web Single Sign On (SSO) and client's profile using ontologies. Furthermore, the proposed model is scalable and dynamic because it is designed in a fully distributed manner, there are no central points and it evolves over time. An implementation of a prototype and a simulation design demonstrate that a strong security can be achieved for both the client and the composite Web service through the combination of a dynamic and collaborative trust model with a number of enhancements: (i) a combined encryption technique, (ii) a distributed authority of certificates, and (iii) semantic annotations.

Quality of service (QoS) has been playing an increasingly important role in today’s Web service environment. Many techniques have been proposed to recommend personalized Web services to customers. However, existing methods only utilize the QoS information at the client-side and neglect the contextual characteristics of the service. Based on the fact that the quality of Web service is affected by its context feature, this paper proposes a new QoS-aware Web service recommendation system, which considers the contextual feature similarities of different services. The proposed system first extracts the contextual properties from WSDL files to cluster Web services based on their feature similarities, and then utilizes an improved matrix factorization method to recommend services to users. The proposed framework is validated on a real-world dataset consisting of over 1.5 million Web service invocation records from 5825 Web services and 339 users. The experimental results prove the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method.

Web services offer a more reliable and efficient way to access online data than scraping web pages. However, interacting with web services to retrieve data often requires people to write a lot of code. Moreover, many web services return data in complex hierarchical structures that make it difficult for people to perform any further data manipulation. We developed Gneiss, a tool that extends the familiar spreadsheet metaphor to support using structured web service data. Gneiss lets users retrieve or stream arbitrary JSON data returned from web services to a spreadsheet using interaction techniques without writing any code. It introduces a novel visualization that represents hierarchies in data using nested spreadsheet cells and allows users to easily reshape and regroup the extracted structured data. Data flow is two-way between the spreadsheet and the web services, enabling people to easily make a new web service call and retrieve new data by modifying spreadsheet cells. We report results form a user study that showed that Gneiss helped spreadsheet users use and analyze structured data more efficiently than Excel and even outperform professional programmers writing code. We further use a set of examples to demonstrate our tool's ability to create reusable data extraction and manipulation programs that work with complex web service data.

In recent era of cloud computing, web service technology has become the most important and popular technology to generate and provide dynamic web services. The utility computing and on-demand services are the basic characteristics of cloud computing, where any legacy web application can be converted into dynamic web services as per the requirements. Some web services need to be combined with defined business logic or rules to satisfy the customer. Web service composition is the cost-effective way of developing combined services for any web application. Web services are services with standard interfaces that provide specific functionality of application. Web services are usually implemented using Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). Web services are combined to make two or more web services communicate with each other to provide combined functionality. To make service oriented architecture effective, services needs to be identified and defined correctly. In this paper, a methodology is defined to identify, implement and combine the web services for an e-learning application. An E-learning application is created by using various web services and combined by specifying certain rules. E-learning is an electronic educational technology where the e-learning portal is implemented using SOA approach. The paper aims at three main objectives: web services creation, composition of web services and handling the exceptions for composition. The four main web services considered for e-learning application are contents, quiz, assignment and forum. Web services are combined using Orchestration and Choreography techniques and compared with the response time of the services execution

Purpose The success of web services involved the adoption of this technology by different service providers through the web, which increased the number of web services, as a result making their discovery a tedious task. The UDDI standard has been proposed for web service publication and discovery. However, it lacks sufficient semantic description in the content of web services, which makes it difficult to find and compose suitable web services during the analysis, search, and matching processes. In addition, few works on semantic web services discovery take into account the user’s profile. The purpose of this paper is to optimize the web services discovery by reducing the search space and increasing the number of relevant services. Design/methodology/approach The authors propose a new approach for the semantic web services discovery based on the mobile agent, user profile and metadata catalog. In the approach, each user can be described by a profile which is represented in two dimensions: personal dimension and preferences dimension. The description of web service is based on two levels: metadata catalog and WSDL. Findings First, the semantic web services discovery reduces the number of relevant services through the application of matching algorithm “semantic match”. The result of this first matching restricts the search space at the level of UDDI registry, which allows the users to have good results for the “functional match”. Second, the use of mobile agents as a communication entity reduces the traffic on the network and the quantity of exchanged information. Finally, the integration of user profile in the service discovery process facilitates the expression of the user needs and makes intelligible the selected service. Originality/value To the best knowledge of the authors, this is the first attempt at implementing the mobile agent technology with the semantic web service technology.

Nowadays, the web service has become the emerging communication technology where the interaction of each user is performed through the World Wide Web. However, the performance of the web service mechanism is degraded due to security flaws that occur throughout the Internet.. The user or service requester may not attain the relevant web service for their requirement. To overcome this problem, the newly developed multi-objective based Cuckoo Search (MCS) algorithm is proposed in this article. Initially, the input query model was built by the query keyword that is provided by the service requester. Then, the given query is matched with the database that hosts the web services that relates to input query. Among the various services, the user has to select the appropriate web service using the proposed algorithm. The MCS algorithm is newly designed by combining the Cuckoo Search algorithm and the QoS parameter based multiple objectives. Additionally, the new mathematical model of fitness is evaluated b...

The migration of legacy web applications (LWA) to Service Oriented Architectures (SOA) has become mainstream in the last years due to the architectural flexibility that SOA provides, which allows to easily adapt the existing applications to new requirements. However, these migrations are usually ad-hoc and manually performed leading to tedious and error-prone processes. MigraSOA is an approach to migrate (and modernize) LWA to SOA that makes use of Model-Driven Development techniques to face the complexity of the underlying technologies, web services, business processes definition or executable business processes platforms. In addition to globally introducing MigraSOA, this paper focuses on the alignment of the business processes defined by the company with the underlying web services of the LWA. Moreover, the paper also shows a process to extend the BPMN models in order to keep these models synchronized with the available services.

This paper proposes a context-aware semantic planning graph technique for Web services composition. We first use an ontology based context model for extending Web services descriptions with information about the most suitable context for its use. Then, we transform the composition problem into a semantic context aware graph planning problem to build a set of best composed Web services based on user’s context. The construction of the planning graph is based on semantic context-aware Web service discovery. This allow, for each step of the construction, to add most suitable Web services in terms of semantic compatibility between the services parameters, and their context similarity with the user’s context. In the backward search step, semantic and contextual similarity scores are used to find composed Web services list. Finally, in the ranking step, a score is calculated for each candidate solution and a set of ranked solutions is returned to the user.

Web services have attracted much attention from distributed application designers and developers because of their roles in abstraction and interoperability among heterogeneous software systems, and a growing number of distributed software applications have been published as Web services on the Internet. Faced with the increasing numbers of Web services and service users, researchers in the services computing field have attempted to address a challenging issue, i.e., how to quickly find the suitable ones according to user queries. Many previous studies have been reported towards this direction. In this paper, a novel Web service discovery approach based on topic models is presented. The proposed approach mines common topic groups from the service-topic distribution matrix generated by topic modeling, and the extracted common topic groups can then be leveraged to match user queries to relevant Web services, so as to make a better trade-off between the accuracy of service discovery and the number of candidate Web services. Experiment results conducted on two publicly-available data sets demonstrate that, compared with several widely used approaches, the proposed approach can maintain the performance of service discovery at an elevated level by greatly decreasing the number of candidate Web services, thus leading to faster response time.

Service-Oriented Computing promotes building applications by consuming and reusing Web Services. However, the selection of adequate Web Services given a client application is still a major challenge. The effort of assessing and adapting candidate services could be overwhelming due to the “impedance” of Web Service interfaces expected by clients versus the actual interfaces of retrieved Web Services. In this work, we present a novel structural-semantic approach to help developers in the retrieval and selection of services from a service registry. The approach is based on a comprehensive structural scheme for service Interface Compatibility analysis, and WordNet as the semantic support to assess identifiers of operations and parameters. We also empirically analyze, compare and contrast the performance of three service selection methods: a pure structural approach, a pure semantic approach, and the structural-semantic (hybrid) approach proposed in this work. The experimental analysis was performed with two data-sets of real-world Web Services and a service discovery support already published in the literature. Results show that our hybrid service selection approach improved effectiveness in terms of retrievability of Web Services compared to the other approaches. Fil: Garriga, Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Facultad de Informatica; Argentina Fil: de Renzis, Alan Ismael. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Facultad de Informatica; Argentina Fil: Lizarralde, Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Instituto Superior de Ingeniería del Software. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Instituto Superior de Ingeniería del Software; Argentina Fil: Flores, Andrés Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Facultad de Informatica; Argentina Fil: Mateos Diaz, Cristian Maximiliano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Instituto Superior de Ingeniería del Software. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Instituto Superior de Ingeniería del Software; Argentina Fil: Cechich, Susana Alejandra. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Facultad de Informatica; Argentina Fil: Zunino Suarez, Alejandro Octavio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Instituto Superior de Ingeniería del Software. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Instituto Superior de Ingeniería del Software; Argentina

Many resources provided on the Web are part of sets of resources that are provided in a context that is managed by one particular service provider. Often, these sets of resources are referred to as "Web Services" or "Web APIs". This specification defines link relations for representing relationships from those resources to ones that provide documentation, descriptions, or metadata for these Web services. Documentation is primarily intended for human consumers, whereas descriptions are primarily intended for automated consumers; metadata is supposed to be information about a service's context. It also defines a link relation to identify status resources that are used to represent operational information about service status.

Service-oriented architecture has greatly influenced web-based development. However, the dream of system integration and automatic service discovery has only been partially fulfilled. Discovery within poorly defined web services has raised several concerns about the visionary promise of service-oriented computing, most notably in terms of the ability to understand and assemble application functionality from loosely coupled services. Well-developed Web Service interfaces enable service consumers to choose and bind to valid and well-understood web service interfaces. The aim of this paper is to propose a new approach that allows the utilization of a large number of currently published web services that lack proper descriptions and that therefore are not considered during the traditional search and discovery process. The author develops a new metric for web service clarity to enhance quality control during the registration and operation phases. The results prove that using the proposed approach, the discovery process can be significantly enhanced.

During the last decade, software engineering community has witnessed the emerging of SOA architecture, where Web services play a crucial role. It prompts the concept of Web Service Composition (WSC). Even though interesting, this issue posed some remarkable challenges, one of which is constraint handling. To be more precise, one needs to ensure that the composite Web service fulfills, at the same time, many constraints, including functional constraints, Quality of Service (QoS), and the execution order of the component services, or temporal relations. Those constraints are of different natures, thus finding an efficient verification on all kinds of constraints during the composition process is by no means a trivial task. Backed by a solid foundation of temporal logic, model checking (MC) is a suitable approach to handle this issue. However, MC-based approach suffers from the infamous problem of state-space explosion, making it limited when applied to real-life situations. The work in this paper addresses the problem by proposing various approaches for handling the state-space exploration, including (i) an introduction of an LTS-based model known as LTS4WS, which can avoid generating full schema of Web service composition and allow on-the-fly verification on the state space; (ii) heuristics strategies to find the best potential composition, and (iii) a bitwise-based indexing mechanism for fast location of suitable Web services. All of those approaches are unified in a single tool, known as WSCOVER. As a result, a significant improvement of performance has been made, especially as compared with the other existing works in the same field.

During the last few years, the REST architectural style has drastically changed the way web services are developed. Due to its transparent resource-oriented model, the RESTful paradigm has been incorporated into several development frameworks that allow rapid development and aspire to automate parts of the development process. However, most of the frameworks lack automation of essential web service functionality, such as authentication or database searching, while the end product is usually not fully compliant to REST. Furthermore, most frameworks rely heavily on domain specific modeling and require developers to be familiar with the employed modeling technologies. In this paper, we present a Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) engine that supports fast design and implementation of web services with advanced functionality. Our engine provides a front-end interface that allows developers to design their envisioned system through software requirements in multimodal formats. Input in the form of textual requirements and graphical storyboards is analyzed using natural language processing techniques and semantics, to semi-automatically construct the input model for the MDE engine. The engine subsequently applies model-to-model transformations to produce a RESTful, ready-to-deploy web service. The procedure is traceable, ensuring that changes in software requirements propagate to the underlying software artefacts and models. Upon assessing our methodology through a case study and measuring the effort reduction of using our tools, we conclude that our system can be effective for the fast design and implementation of web services, while it allows easy wrapping of services that have been engineered with traditional methods to the MDE realm.

Since many service providers are providing similar web services, finding an accurate web service based on user preferences is becoming a challenging task. Therefore, enhancing web service discovery (WSD) method will improve the searching performance. In this paper, we firstly discuss and review some existing web service discovery approaches and identify their limitations. Subsequently, we propose a web service discovery method for cloud-based mobile application by using multi-level clustering technique to improve performance by reducing the searching scope. Our web service discovery architecture is able to increase the discoverability of more accurate web services based on user's preferences. Meanwhile, user preference Quality of Services (QoS) attributes are also used for ranking procedure to allow user to decide the quality of the mobile application. The experimental results show that our approach is able to increase the searching performance and provide a reliable list of selection for users.

Software measures play an eminent role in the evaluation of quality of a Web-based application. Increased dependency on Web-based applications enhanced the need to evaluate Web quality parameters. A poor quality Web application fails to fulfill customer’s implicit and explicit requirements resulting in poor customer acceptance. Many frameworks have so far been proposed for measurement of quality parameters of Web-based applications but they lack in one way or other. Most of the existing frameworks deal with narrow range of quality characteristics or is limited to a specific Web-based application perspective. Based on the limitations of the current frameworks, this paper proposes a new generic conceptual object-oriented framework multi-attribute quality model which scientifically categorize quality characteristics and its sub-characteristics based on different perspectives and usage of Web applications. The main concept of the newly proposed framework is to analyze and expand the previously established quality characteristics in Web-based applications. The approach is chosen due to the diverse and impulsive nature of the Web applications. For designing the framework ISO/IEC 9126 framework is used as reference.

The last decade has witnessed a tremendous growth of web services as a major technology for sharing data, computing resources, and programs on the web. With the increasing adoption and presence of web services, design of novel approaches for effective web service recommendation to satisfy users’ potential requirements has become of paramount importance. Existing web service recommendation approaches mainly focus on predicting missing QoS values of web service candidates which are interesting to a user using collaborative filtering approach, content-based approach, or their hybrid. These recommendation approaches assume that recommended web services are independent to each other, which sometimes may not be true. As a result, many similar or redundant web services may exist in a recommendation list. In this paper, we propose a novel web service recommendation approach incorporating a user's potential QoS preferences and diversity feature of user interests on web services. User's interests and QoS preferences on web services are first mined by exploring the web service usage history. Then we compute scores of web service candidates by measuring their relevance with historical and potential user interests, and their QoS utility. We also construct a web service graph based on the functional similarity between web services. Finally, we present an innovative diversity-aware web service ranking algorithm to rank the web service candidates based on their scores, and diversity degrees derived from the web service graph. Extensive experiments are conducted based on a real world web service dataset, indicating that our proposed web service recommendation approach significantly improves the quality of the recommendation results compared with existing methods.

By arranging multiple existing web services into workflows to create value-added services, automatic web service composition has received much attention in service-oriented computing. A large number of methods have been proposed for it although most of them are merely based on the matching of input-output parameters of services. Besides these parameters, some other elements can affect the execution of services and their composition, such as the preconditions and service execution results. In particular, the execution effects of some services are often uncertain because of the complex and dynamically changing application environments in the real world, and this can cause the emergence of nondeterministic choices in the workflows of composite services. However, the previous methods for automatic service composition mainly rely on sequential structures, which make them difficult to take into account uncertain effects during service composition. In this paper, Graphplan is employed and extended to tackle this problem. In order to model services with uncertain effects, we first extend the original form of Graphplan. Then, we propose a novel approach that can introduce branch structures into composite solutions to cope with such uncertainty in the service composition process. Extensive experiments are performed to evaluate and analyze the proposed methodology.

Web services are reusable software components available across the web. These web services fulfill the requirements of the consumers in the form of business process requirements, software and technical requirements and other personal requirements. In order to achieve BPEL (Business Process Execution Language) process's QoS (Quality of Service) global optimization on dynamic Web service composition, the traditional dynamic Web service invocation model of BPEL process is enhanced and the service selection, refining and fault tolerance is added. Meanwhile, by improving the grading method, the paper designs and realizes the algorithm, whose result is the global optimization on QoS under the constraints. Through the comparison, the conclusion is that the optimal solution can be found more quickly by the improved algorithms and the business process's QoS global optimization under the constraints can be achieved by the modified model. This paper aims to determine a subset of web services from the candidate services to be invoked at run-time so as to successfully and efficiently orchestrate a composite web service.

Purpose Web services play vital role in the development of emerging technologies such as Cloud computing and Internet of Things. Although, there is a close relationship among the discovery, selection and composition tasks of Web services, research community has treated these challenges at individual level rather to focus on them collectively for developing efficient solution, which is the purpose of this work. This paper aims to propose an approach to integrate the service discovery, selection and composition of Semantic Web services on runtime basis. Design/methodology/approach The proposed approach defined as a quality of service (QoS)-aware approach is based on QoS model to perform discovery, selection and composition tasks at runtime to enhance the user satisfaction and quality guarantee by incorporating non-functional parameters such as response time and throughput with the Web services and user request. In this paper, the proposed approach is based on ontology for semantic description of Web services, which provides interoperability and automation in the Web services tasks. Findings This work proposed an integrated framework of Web service discovery, selection and composition which supports end user to search, select and compose the Web services at runtime using semantic description and non-functional requirements. The proposed approach is evaluated by various data sets from the Web Service Challenge 2009 (WSC-2009) to show the efficiency of this work. A use case scenario of Healthcare Information System is implemented using proposed work to demonstrate the usability and requirement the proposed approach. Originality/value The main contribution of this paper is to develop an integrated approach of Semantic Web services discovery, selection and composition by using the non-functional requirements.

Web services have become popular and increasingly important in e-business and e-commerce applications especially in large scale distributed systems. As a result, an increasing number of Web services have been developed. However, this huge collection of Web services makes the task of locating a suitable one more challenging as well as more difficult. Automatic clustering of Web services groups services with similar functions together. Clustering could greatly boost the power of Web service search engines and generate tags to improve the search accuracy of tag-based service recommendation. In this paper, we propose a Web service clustering technique based on Carrot search clustering and K-means to group similar services together. These clustered groups are then tagged. We also develop a tag-based service recommendation for WSDL documents using naive bayes algorithm to classify Web services into different tags. We demonstrate that the proposed clustering approach is effective for Web service discovery through two sets of real data.

tremendous growth of internet over the years, has given rise to the large number of web services, containing lot of information. Due to this information overload, it has become difficult to get the correct information. Web Service Recommendation system focuses on satisfying the user's potential interests. Most of the existing recommendation approaches focus only on missing QoS values only, assuming that the result contains independent web services, which might not be true. As a result redundant web services appear in the list. The existing system takes into consideration active user's QoS preferences as well as diversification of the web services list. First, the active user's usage history is mined, and then the experiences of other service users are collected through collaborative filtering approach. Scores are computed for the web service candidates by measuring their relevance with historical and potential user interest and the QoS utility. Web Service graph is constructed based on the functional similarity of the web service candidates. Finally, the diversity- aware web service ranking algorithm is applied on the web service candidates based on the scores calculated and the diversified degree derived from the web service graph. Keywordsservice recommendation, diversity, user interest

In data exploration, several online data sources may need to be dynamically aggregated or summarised over spatial region, time interval, or set of attributes. With respect to thematic data, web services are mainly used to present results leading to a supplier driven service model limiting the exploration of the data. In this paper we propose a user need driven service model based on geo web processing services. The aim of the framework is to provide a method for the scalable and interactive access to various geographic data sources on the web. The architecture combines a data query, processing technique and visualisation methodology to rapidly integrate and visually summarise properties of a dataset. We illustrate the environment on a health related use case that derives Age Standardised Rate – a dynamic index that needs integration of the existing interoperable web services of demographic data in conjunction with standalone non-spatial secure database servers used in health research. Although the example is specific to the health field, the architecture and the proposed approach are relevant and applicable to other fields that require integration and visualisation of geo datasets from various web services and thus, we believe is generic in its approach.

Web Service discovery and selection deal with the retrieval of the most suitable Web Service, given a required functionality. Addressing an effective solution remains difficult when only functional descriptions of services are available. In this paper, we propose a solution by applying Case-based Reasoning, in which the resemblance between a pair of cases is quantified through a similarity function. We show the feasibility of applying Case-based Reasoning for Web Service discovery and selection, by introducing a novel case representation, learning heuristics and three different similarity functions. We also experimentally validate our proposal with a dataset of 62 real-life Web Services, achieving competitive values in terms of well-known Information Retrieval metrics. Fil: de Renzis, Alan Ismael. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue; Argentina Fil: Garriga, Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue; Argentina Fil: Flores, Andrés Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue; Argentina Fil: Cechich, Susana Alejandra. Universidad Nacional del Comahue; Argentina Fil: Zunino Suarez, Alejandro Octavio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Instituto Superior de Ingeniería del Software. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Instituto Superior de Ingeniería del Software; Argentina

Recently, the evolution of ubiquitous computing has brought a breakthrough in network access and web based services including the agricultural field, which is integral to human living. In a ubiquitous vertical farm environment, context aware services display the context information in selecting the appropriate web service by identifying the state of the user and its surroundings. In this web enabled environment, establishing a context aware system for the vertical farm without the understanding of domains gets complicated especially when shaping with the avails. The semantic web should enable users to locate, select, compose and monitor web-based services automatically. For a successful execution of such services in semantic web, the service needs to be grounded with the corresponding WSDL. To resolve these issues, our work includes the development of an OWL-S based ontology model to define the relationship between the domains and add classes needed for the model in every aspect of the service oriented system. Compared with any other semantic web service, OWL-S is more suitable for the Vertical Farming System in the ubiquitous computing.

As web applications are a type of software for providing web services, its development and operation essentially depend on a software development life cycle (SDLC). However, because it is difficult to ensure the safety in web applications by outsourcing that evade the management based on SDLC, there is a high possibility of using it as a path of cyber attacks. Thus, in this study a web application acquisition procedure for outsourcing that can provide safe web services by strengthening security and makes possible to efficiently manage software by outsourcing from the plan for web applications by outsourcing to its disposal is proposed. The proposed method extends a procedure on security viewpoint that web applications by outsourcing and simply tests whether or not there exists a possibility of hacking in a security perspective. Also, it shows an advantage of providing more safe web services through preparing new threats in web applications without exposing internal service system structures.

Cloud computing has many advantages and is being used increasingly as an efficient and safe solution for web based services. This on-demnd self-service provides network access to a shared pooi of redundant computing resources. Software applications are being developed in the cloud and there are demands for the interoperability of these applications. A common way to meet this demand is the development of Web services (applications), taking advantage of Service-oriented architecture principles. These loosely coupled Web base components pose some security challenges. This paper examines Security as a Service (SECaaS) solutions, as well to propose a new approach to security management in the cloud.

Web Services are based on distributed technology and provide standard means of interoperating between different software applications across and within organizational boundaries with the use of XML. Web Services technologies allow interaction between applications. Sometimes a single service given alone does not meet user’s needs. In this case, it is necessary to compose several services in order to achieve the user’s goal. Web service composition is one of the most challenging problems of recent years. The number of service providers is increasing, and along with that for a request they offer multiple services with the same functionality, so it makes the problem of composition quite complex. In this paper, we compose multi web services for E-Commerce. We implement a new web application that use two or many web services to make some transactions and to choose the best deal.

Web services support the integration and interoperability of Web-based applications and enable machine-to-machine interaction. The concepts of web services and open distributed architecture were applied to the development of T-DSS, the prototype customised for web based hydro-information systems. T-DSS provides mapping services, database related services and access to remote components, with special emphasis placed on output flexibility (e.g. multilingualism), where SOAP web services are mainly used for communication. The remote components are represented above all by distant data and mapping services (e.g. eteorological predictions), modelling and analytical systems (currently HEC-HMS, Modflow and additional utilities), which support decision making in water management.

As service oriented architectures have become more widespread in industry, many complex web services are assembled using independently developed modular services from different vendors. Although the functionalities of the composite web services are ensured during the composition process, the non-functional requirements (NFRs) are often ignored in this process. Since quality of services plays a more and more important role in modern service-based systems, there is a growing need for effective approaches to verifying that a composite web service not only offers the required functionality but also satisfies the desired NFRs. Current approaches to verifying NFRs of composite services (as opposed to individual services) remain largely ad-hoc and informal in nature. This is especially problematic for high-assurance composite web services. High-assurance composite web services are those composite web services with special concern on critical NFRs such as security, safety and reliability. Examples of such applications include traffic control, medical decision support and the coordinated response systems for civil emergencies. The latter serves to motivate and illustrate the work described here. In this dissertation we develop techniques for ensuring that a composite service meets the user-specified NFRs expressible as hard constraints, e.g., “the messages of particular operations must be authenticated.” We introduce an automata-based framework for verifying that a composite service satisfies the desired NFRs based on the known guarantees regarding the non-functional properties of the component services. This automata-based model is able to represent NFRs that are hard, quantitative constraints on the composite web services. This model addresses two issues previously not handled in the modeling and verification of NFRs for composite web services: (1) the scope of the NFRs and (2) consistency checking of multiple NFRs. A scope of a NFR on a web service composition is the effective range of the NFR on the sub-workflows and modular services of the web service composition. It allows more precise description of a NFR constraint and more efficient verification. When multiple NFRs exist and overlap in their scopes, consistency checking is necessary to avoid wasted verification efforts on conflicting constraints. The approach presented here captures scope information in the model and uses it to check the consistency of multiple NFRs prior to the static verification of web service compositions. We illustrate how our approach can be used to verify security requirements for an Emergency Management System. We then focus on families of highly-customizable, composed web services where repeated verification of similar sets of NFRs can waste computation resources. We introduce a new approach to extend software product line engineering techniques to the web service composition domain. The resulting technique uses a partitioning similar to that between domain engineering and application engineering in the product-line context. It specifies the options that the user can select and constructs the resulting web service compositions. By first creating a web-service composition search space that satisfies the common requirements and then querying the search space as the user makes customization decisions, the technique provides a more efficient way to verify customizable web services. A decision model, illustrated with examples from the emergency-response application, is created to interact with the customers and ensure the consistency of their specifications. The capability to reuse the composition search space is shown to improve the quality of the composite services and reduce the cost of reverifying the same compositions. By distinguishing the commonalities and the variabilities of the web services, we divide the web composition into two stages: the preparation stage (to construct all commonalities) and the customization stage (to choose optional and alternative features). We thus draw most of the computation overhead into the first stage during the design in order to enable improved runtime efficiency during the second stage. A simulation platform was constructed to conduct experiments on the two verification approaches and three strategies introduced in this dissertation. The results of these experiments were analyzed to show the advantage of our automaton-based model in its verification efficiency with scoping information. We have shown how to choose the most efficient verification strategy from the three strategies of verifying multiple NFRs introduced in this dissertation under different circumstances. The results indicate that the software product line approach has significant efficiency improvement over traditional on-demand verification for highly customizable web service compositions.

Web services utilizations in Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) have been well established and standardized by Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). Similar web services for 3D SDI are also being established in recent years, with extended capabilities to handle 3D spatial data. The increasing popularity of using City Geographic Markup Language (CityGML) for 3D city modelling applications leads to the needs for large spatial data handling for data delivery. This paper revisits the available web services in OGC Web Services (OWS), and propose the background concepts and requirements for encoding spatial data via Web Encoding Service (WES). Furthermore, the paper discusses the data flow of the encoder within web service, e.g. possible integration with Web Processing Service (WPS) or Web 3D Services (W3DS). The integration with available web service could be extended to other available web services for efficient handling of spatial data, especially 3D spatial data.

Enterprises of all ends are trying to integrate and manage the data within a single sign on system. With the drastic increase in the usage of internet in the last decade, it has been observed that more and more use of web services throughout the industry. Data today is stored in various forms and structure in different OS, mainframes etc, the optimum way of managing this data and the most efficient way to access and retrieve this data is the need of the hour. This is where the versatility of web services comes into picture which enables enterprises and consumers to integrate numerous diversified platforms together to satisfy the essential requirements. This explores a dire need of a cost effective and efficient system that can integrate various cross platform applications to work together in a systematic environment. The aim of this research paper is to design and implement an organized system to demonstrate the data flow, architecture and the techniques used to integrate an ERP system with web applications. This is done by using a SOAP web service which integrates ASP.NET, Java and Database applications. Microsoft .NET as a platform for developing enterprise software is emerging for integration with SAP Enterprise. Interest in Web services is rapidly increased from their inception. To exchange information among various applications in a standard way is the main goal of web services. This communication between the applications is based on SOAP and REST principle. Web service is a software system designed to support interoperable machineto-machine interaction over a network. Currently, it has been emphasized quality and security of web services. Therefore, in this paper, the authors highlighted some standard trends such as SOAP, WSDL, UDDI for web services and the security policies to protect user information. This system is in Visual Studio 2010 development environment, using c# programming language, ASP.NET, ADO.NET and SQL Server database to jointly develop a B/S structure of ERP system.

WSDL annotation conventions facilitate semantic web service description derivation.A software agent composes semantic web services to achieve production goals.Graphical user interfaces visualize domain model and workflow execution statuses.Preprocessing algorithms neutralize syntactic restrictions imposed by AI planners. The Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) paradigm enables production systems to be composed of web services. In an SOA-based production system, the individual production devices provide web service interfaces that encapsulate the behavior of the devices and abstract the implementation details. Such a service-oriented approach makes it possible to apply web service orchestration technologies in the development of production workflow descriptions. While manual formulation of production workflows tends to require considerable effort from domain experts, semantic web service descriptions enable computer algorithms to automatically generate the appropriate web service orchestrations. Such algorithms realize AI planning and employ semantic web service descriptions in determining the workflows required to achieve the production goals desired. In addition, the algorithms can automatically adapt the workflows to unexpected changes in the goals pursued and the production devices available.

Web services discovery provided by the UDDI registries is relatively primitive. It does not take into account the continuous growth in the number of services on the Web. The UDDI standard has been proposed and used for Web service publication and discovery. However, it does not allow users to choose the best provider. It does not offer a mechanism to choose a Web service based on its quality. The standard also lacks of sufficient semantic description in the content of Web services, this lack makes it difficult to find and compose suitable Web services during analysis, search, and matching processes. In addition, a central UDDI suffers from one centralized point problem and the high cost of maintenance. To get around these problems, the authors propose in this paper a novel framework based on mobile agent and metadata catalogue for Web services discovery. Their approach is based on user profile in order to discover appropriate Web services, meeting customer requirements, in less time and taking into account the QoS properties.

Requirements Analysis is the most important phase in Software development. It is a known fact now that if this phase is carried out properly the cost and effort of the project can be greatly reduced. Web applications are very important in today’s times. Effectively, every organization and even individual has a web application to represent itself. The Web applications have grown from just information providers to full-fledged legacy systems with complex processes. There are various methods of web application development, but hardly any method focuses on detailed requirements analysis that is required owing to the criticality of web applications. Goal oriented requirements engineering techniques have proven to be very effective in requirements analysis. Application of goal driven methodologies for web specific requirements can improve the quality of web applications besides saving cost and effort required in the project. The special characteristics of GORE techniques like analysis of softgoals and interdependencies between various requirements help in elimination of conflicts at early stages of web application development. GORE techniques also facilitate evaluation of goal models that helps in choosing amongst the design alternatives and checking completeness of the requirements model leading to Software Requirements Specification. The implementation of web specific goal driven framework is shown in the paper and validated through a usability survey.

An increasing number of Web services have been published on the Internet over the past decade due to the rapid development and adoption of the SOA (Services Oriented Architecture) standard. However, in the current state of the Web, recommending suitable Web services to users becomes a challenge due to the huge divergence in published content. Existing Web services recommendation approaches based on collaborative filtering are mainly aiming to QoS (Quality of Service) prediction. Recommending services based on users' ratings on services are seldomly reported due to the difficulty of collecting such explicit feedback. In this paper, we report a data set of implicit feedback on real-world Web services, which consist of more than 280,000 user-service interaction records, 65,000 service users and 15,000 Web services or mashups. Temporal information is becoming an increasingly important factor in service recommendation since time effects may influence users' preferences on services to a large extent. Based on the collected data set, we propose a time-aware service recommendation approach. Temporal information is sufficiently considered in our approach, where three time effects are analyzed and modeled including user bias shifting, Web service bias shifting, and user preference shifting. Experimental results show that the proposed approach outperforms seven existing collaborative filtering approaches on the prediction accuracy.

Providing Web services from the mobile cloud is a current research topic. The mobile cloud provides the computing resources and infrastructure to support the seamless provision of Web services in a lightweight manner. Security has become a major concern with the emergence of mobile cloud Web services. In this paper, we investigate the security aspects of a system for complex mobile Web service provisioning. We characterize the security requirements of the individual components and present a security framework to provide authentication and confidentiality between clients and mobile hosts. Our solution is based on the use of existing security protocols between clients and the mobile hosts as well as a key management protocol between the individual mobile hosts implementing an out-of-band key exchange that is simple in practice, flexible and secure. We examine the performance of this approach by evaluating a prototype implementation of our security framework.

SOA web services are widely used as the new platform to build interoperable distributed applications which can eliminate the differences between the enterprise systems. Web services deployed over the network are accessible for a wider user base. However, the user interfaces are still implemented manually, and concepts that aim to automate this process are still in their infancy. In this paper, we introduce a web service customization method with a UI display and layout model as well as a UI layout algorithm. By using web service, we allow generation of form controls such as selection lists, text boxes, text areas, checkboxes and radio buttons on the client side. The UI layout algorithm is described and the time consumed by building service is compared in table. Performance tests are given in different testing environments. The experimental results demonstrate that our generated web services are efficient and effective in interoperability, flexibility and visualization.

Display Omitted The proposed approach uses a multi-agent system to automate the process.It increases the overall system performance over traditional approach.It supports several QoS parameter such as reliability, throughput, response time and reusability.The graph depicts the response time between proposed and traditional approach. Service-oriented architecture (SOA) is a self-contained service with a collection of services. Services communicate with each other using a web service. Web services use a collection of open protocols and standards for communication between different web services and their applications. In today's environment, users are not satisfied with a single web service. To fulfill the users' needs, two or more atomic services must be combined to provide a single complex service. Hence several atomic web services must be orchestrated based on user preference by using a multi-agent system. In the traditional approach, the orchestration of web services is a manual process. The proposed system reduces human intervention and supports the orchestration of atomic web services into a complex service by using a multi-agent system. Therefore, this paper addresses the automatic orchestration by using a multi-agent i.e., two agents. The first agent is used to select an appropriate web service from the available atomic service. The second agent is used to orchestrate the selected web services to form a complex service based on a user's requirement and quality of service (QoS).

Web 2.0 phenomenon, REST services and growing mobile service consumption, among other factors, are leading the development of web applications to a new paradigm, named cross-device web application. Those web sites let organizations of all sizes provide a pervasive and contextual access to their information and services, to customers, employees and partners via potentially any kind of device. Most organizations often possess legacy systems that should face an ongoing evolution process to enhance its accessibility and interoperability. Yesterday they had to evolve to provide the user with a Web layer, and now they should evolve again to adapt to the new ways of data and services consumption on the Web. In such scenario, REST services play a key role, defining the interaction layer between the legacy system and all its heterogeneous front ends. This work presents a model-driven approach to derive a REST service layer from a legacy web application within the frame defined by a modernization process. This approach departs from a conceptual model of the legacy application generated by reverse engineering techniques. In this work we detail the generation process and provide a sample implementation instrumenting one of the studied web development frameworks to evaluate the suitability of the approach.

Web Services are a technology designed to support the invocation of remote elements by client applications, with the goal of providing interoperable application-to-application interaction while assuring vendor and platform independence. In business-critical environments, the occurrence of interoperability issues can have disastrous consequences, including direct financial costs, reputation, and client fidelity losses. Despite this, experience shows that services interoperability is still quite difficult to achieve. The goal of this paper is to propose a practical testing process to understand the real level of interoperability provided by web services platforms. An extensible tool, that implements the proposed approach, has been used to run a large campaign during which we have tested the interoperability of a large number of web services, comprising both home-implemented and publicly available services, deployed on top of several web service platforms and against 11 client-side web service platforms. Numerous issues have been disclosed, showing the effectiveness of the proposed approach and the importance of having an automatic tool for testing web services for interoperability.

Web service selection constitutes nowadays a major challenge that is still attracting the research community to work on and investigate. The problem arises since decision makers (1) cannot blindly trust the service or its provider, and (2) ignore the environment within which the service is operating. The fact that no security mechanism is applicable in such a completely open environment, where identities can be easily generated and discarded makes social approaches such as trust and reputation models appealing to apply in the world of Web services. This survey classifies and compares the main findings that contributed in solving problems related to trust and reputation in the context of Web services. First, a high-level classification scheme partitions Web services into three main architectures: single, composite, and communities. Thereafter, a low-level classification within each architecture categorizes the trust and reputation models according to the technique used to build the trust value. Based on this classification, a profound analysis describing the advantages and shortcomings of each class of models is presented; leading to uncover possible topics that need further study and investigation. In particular, we discuss the challenging problem of having active malicious Web services in the composite and community-based architectures. Thus, the paper can be used by the future researchers as a roadmap to explore new trust and reputation models for Web services taking into account the shortcomings of the existing models. Defining Web services' architectures and their points of convergence and differenceProviding a sub-classification within each architecture based on trust computationProposing a taxonomy of criteria for each architectureComparing the class models and approaches in each architectureDiscussing limitations and future directions for each architecture

The field of Semantic Web Services SWS has been recognized as one of the most promising areas of emergent research within the Semantic Web initiative, exhibiting an extensive commercial potential and attracting significant attention from both industry and the research community. Currently, there exist several different frameworks and languages for formally describing a Web Service: Web Ontology Language for Services OWL-S, Web Service Modelling Ontology WSMO and Semantic Annotations for the Web Services Description Language SAWSDL are the most important approaches. To the inexperienced user, choosing the appropriate platform for a specific SWS application may prove to be challenging, given a lack of clear separation between the ideas promoted by the associated research communities. In this paper, we systematically compare OWL-S, WSMO and SAWSDL from various standpoints, namely, that of the service requester and provider as well as the broker-based view. The comparison is meant to help users to better understand the strengths and limitations of these different approaches to formalizing SWS, and to choose the most suitable solution for a given application. Copyright © 2015John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

day's web service is getting more and more popularity because of its characteristic like loosely coupled, composable, reusable, platform independent etc... Due to this popularity web services are developed with similar functionality. When user search web service in directory, Directory retrieve many web service with similar functionality. Web service recommendation only base on functionality matching is not good approach. In this situation web services are recommend base on QoS. QoS is considering as secondary approach for service selection. QoS consider different Non function properties of web service like response time, reliability, availability etc... This paper conduct a survey on different web service Selection and Ranking process. KeywordsWeb Service, Web Service Selection, Web Service Ranking.

The last decade has witnessed a tremendous growth of web services as a major technology for sharing data, computing resources, and programs on the web. With increasing adoption and presence of web services, designing novel approaches for efficient and effective web service recommendation has become of paramount importance. Most existing web service discovery and recommendation approaches focus on either perishing UDDI registries, or keyword-dominant web service search engines, which possess many limitations such as poor recommendation performance and heavy dependence on correct and complex queries from users. It would be desirable for a system to recommend web services that align with users’ interests without requiring the users to explicitly specify queries. Recent research efforts on web service recommendation center on two prominent approaches: collaborative filtering and content-based recommendation . Unfortunately, both approaches have some drawbacks, which restrict their applicability in web service recommendation. In this paper, we propose a novel approach that unifies collaborative filtering and content-based recommendations. In particular, our approach considers simultaneously both rating data (e.g., QoS) and semantic content data (e.g., functionalities) of web services using a probabilistic generative model. In our model, unobservable user preferences are represented by introducing a set of latent variables, which can be statistically estimated. To verify the proposed approach, we conduct experiments using 3,693 real-world web services. The experimental results show that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on recommendation performance.

years Mobile devices & Web Services have become highly popular . It is a challenging task to host the web services in mobile devices over a wireless network, Due to different limitations of mobile devices like limited battery, memory space, and low processor speed. So it's becoming necessary to integrate web services into applications that run on these mobile devices. We are introducing an efficient proxy based approach which overwhelms technical challenges involved in the dynamic discovery of web services & generates client side proxies at runtime. We describe an effective architecture which shows how mobile devices dynamically discovers & invocate web services by limited intervention with network, service client just need to enter search phrase & values for method parameters on the dynamically generated GUI. KeywordsDevices, Mobile computing, Proxy Server, Web Services.

The Internet has come a long way over the past twenty years, and many Internet-era enterprises have had to face daunting challenges while trying to create innovative business models. Many types of Internet interactions can facilitate networking (e.g., The Web, Web services). Since the advent of the Internet, service requesters and service providers have generated diverse electronic services (e-services), and since 2003, many experts have proposed the concept of Web 2.0. People rely on Internet e-services to execute activities and meet requirements; however, e-services lack a standardization method for constructing and managing them. The current study presents a framework design and a comprehensive interface for e-service providers and requesters. The study adopts the concept of Web 2.0 by using Web services with related standards for developing the framework design. Specifically, the study uses semantic Web technologies to complete the construction of e-services. After that, Internet users can quickly and conveniently access the framework to obtain suitable e-services.

A web service is an application that is published on the web and can be discovered and used automatically. In many cases, a web service cannot provide the capability that the user has requested. Therefore, according to the user request, it should be possible to combine various services and produce a new composite service for user request. AI planning techniques are used for automated web service composition. Also, context is the information that can be used to characterize the situation of an entity. JSHOP2 is one of the techniques of planning. In this paper, the design and implementation of the proposed framework for context-aware web service composition is presented and is used JSHOP2 and the proposed framework reduces the number of failures and composition time.