Search

Cystic Echinococosis is one of the important parasitic diseases that is considered as a problem economics and health in many parts of the world. Many efforts have been performed for controlling the disease in the world. To reach a reliable vaccine against Cystic Echinococosis is one of the important duty of governments. Several antigen of hydatid cyst for vaccine candidate have been evaluated. In this study, P-29 antigen has been used for this purpose. E.g P29 antigen was cloned in Escherichia coli and transfected into the Chinese hamster ovary cell for antigen proliferation and used for vaccination in Balb/c mice. The recombinant antigen E.g-29 was shown using Western blot test. Two dilution of DNA vaccine (pCEgP-29) including 50 µg/100 µl and 100 µg/100 µl were prepared. Twenty four Balb/C male 6–8 week mouse were divided in 4 groups. The groups were included in 2 vaccination groups (pcEg.P29 50 µg/100 µl and 100 µg/100 µl dilution) as immunized groups and 2 groups of plasmid and PBS as control. The mice were injected intramuscularly 3 times with 2 weeks interval. After 3 weeks from last injection, all groups were challenged intraperitonealy with 2000 protoscolices. After 5 months, the mice were euthanized by ketamine/xylasine injection and number, size, and weight of cysts were recorded. Immunization rate was up to 93% in vaccinated group when compared with the control group. The results of this study showed that rEg.P29 could be considered as an effective vaccine for controlling of E. granulosus prevalence in intermediated host.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are used widely in commercial products. These high production levels have led to their increased release into natural ecosystems, where they may interact with plants and affect their physiological functions. The aim of this study was to assess the physiological responses of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to increasing concentrations of TiO2 NPs. TiO2 NPs with a particle size less than 20 nm were administered as soil spiked with 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg TiO2 NPs kg−1, and their physiological parameters, including root and shoot lengths, biomass, phytoavailability of phosphorus (P), chlorophyll content, H2O2 production, and micronuclei (MN) formation in the plants grown from seeds in NPs-spiked soils, were subsequently recorded. All experiments were repeated twice with four replicates per treatment. After 60 days exposure to the NPs, root and shoot lengths, and P uptake by plants was significantly (p

Most of the world’s population is exposed to highly polluted air conditions exceeding the WHO limits, causing various human diseases that lead towards increased morbidity as well as mortality. Expenditures on air purification and costs spent on the related health issues are rapidly increasing. To overcome this burden, plants are potential candidates to remove pollutants through diverse biological mechanisms involving accumulation, immobilization, volatilization, and degradation. This eco-friendly, cost-effective, and non-invasive method is considered as a complementary or alternative tool compared to engineering-based remediation techniques. Various plant species remove indoor and outdoor air pollutants, depending on their morphology, growth condition, and microbial communities. Hence, appropriate plant selection with optimized growth conditions can enhance the remediation capacity significantly. Furthermore, suitable supplementary treatments, or finding the best combination junction with other methods, can optimize the phytoremediation process.

Aim: The aim of this study was comparing behavioral disorders in students with depressed and non-depressed mothers.Methods: This case-control study was conducted among 35 (7-11 years old) children of depressed mothers as a case group and 35 children of healthy mothers as control group in Ahvaz, Iran, in 2015-16. The sample size was selected by multistage random cluster sampling. Research tools were Beck Depression Inventory, and Rutter behavioral disorders questionnaire. Data were analyzed using T-tests in the SPSS software (ver. 18).Findings: Based on the findings of this study, more depressed mothers have children with more behavioral disorder. Aggression, hyperactivity, depression, anxiety, social dysfunction, and anti-social behaviors were seen more among students with depressed mothers comparing to students with non-depressed mothers.Conclusion: Maternal depression is related to a wide range of child outcomes, and the effects continue from birth into adulthood. Children of depressed mothers are two to three times more likely to develop a mood disorder, and are at increased risk for impaired functioning across multiple domains, including cognitive, social and academic functioning, and poor physical health. At the same time, many children of depressed mothers develop normally. Therefore, the key research goal is to understand the pathways and processes through which maternal depression affects children. Child psychological counseling and psychiatric management along with mothers’ treatment is advisable.

Objective: To evaluate Entamoeba spp. diagnosis in patients with inflammatory diarrhea by staining, copro-antigen ELISA and multiplex PCR methods. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional survey, 200 stool samples were randomly collected during 2015–2016. The stool samples were evaluated microscopically for the presence of the parasite using direct and formalin-ether concentration and trichrome staining methods. Then, the stool samples were examined by copro-antigen ELISA (Biomerica Company) and multiplex PCR methods. Results: Of 200 samples, 17, 29 and 23 cases were positive for Entamoeba species by the staining, copro-antigen ELISA and multiplex PCR methods, respectively. Of 23 positive samples in multiplex PCR test, 13 and 10 samples were positive for Entamoeba dispar (E. dispar) and Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica), respectively. Conclusions: Our finding indicated a relatively high prevalence of Entamoeba species in patients with inflammatory diarrhea in Ahvaz city. Due to the complications of E. histolytica/ dispar infection, the health authorities of the city must pay more attention to control and prevent the transmission of E. histolytica/dispar to individuals.

The role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cancer cells is not limited to angiogenesis; there are also multiple factors, such as neuropilins (non-tyrosine kinases receptors), tyrosine kinases receptors, immunodeficiencies, and integrins, that interact with VEGF signaling and cause cancer initiation. By combating these factors, tumor progression can be inhibited or limited. Natural products are sources of several bioactive phytochemicals that can interact with VEGF-promoting factors and inhibit them through various signaling pathways, thereby inhibiting cancer growth. This review provides a deeper understanding of the relation and interaction of VEGF with cancer-promoting factors and phytochemicals in order to develop multi-targeted cancer prevention and treatment.

The evaluation of both qualitative and quantitative factors regarding biomedical waste can help remedy the shortcomings of the current hospital waste management (HWM) system. The present study used a questionnaire and a weighing operation to investigate the perceived quality of HWM and the quantity of biomedical waste in Valiasr hospital, Nurabad district, Mamasani county, Iran, from July to September 2013. For 21 days, at the end of each shift, all hospital waste was weighed using scales. In addition, a 21-item questionnaire concerning perceptions of the quality of waste division, collection, storage, and transportation was administered to 40 hospital employees. The results of the weighing operation revealed that the hospital generated 417.99 kg of waste per bed per day (kg/bed-day). Considering that there are 96 beds actively used in the hospital, the average kg/bed-day of waste generated was 2.32 kg/bed-day of infectious waste, 0.03 kg/bed-day of sharps, and 2 kg/bed-day of household waste. The highest amount of infectious waste was generated in the emergency unit and the second highest in the operating rooms. In addition, analysis of questionnaire responses showed that most participants classified HWM activities as good, including waste division (65%), collection and transport to temporary waste storage (77.5%), and transport to the disposal zone (80%). Improper division of wastes by employees and visitors increased the volume of waste identified as infectious by mistakenly adding non-infectious waste to the bags of infectious waste. To reduce the volume of waste identified as infectious, division of wastes must be properly implemented and scrupulously maintained.

The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of a short-acting neuroleptic (haloperidol) on hematological and biochemical changes in naive racing pigeons (Columba livia domestica). Sixteen numbers of pigeons were allocated to three equal groups (A, B and control). 4 mg/kg haloperidol (HALODIC, Haloperidol Amp. 5mg/ml, Caspian Tamin Ph. Co., Rasht, Iran) was administered intravenously for each bird. Blood sample was taken before injection in control group and 15 and 90 min post injection (MPI) in groups A and B, respectively. Total erythrocyte and total leukocyte counts, hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) and differential leukocyte counts were determined. Serum biochemical parameters including total protein (TP), albumin and cortisol (CoE) were measured. Results revealed that injections of haloperidol cause specific effect on the number of WBC and RBC, PCV, Hb, MCV as the significant increasing of these parameters were recorded at 15 MPI and decreased thereafter (P