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Abstract This study explores disparities and opportunities in healthcare information provided by AI chatbots. We focused on recommendations for adjuvant therapy in endometrial cancer, analyzing responses across four regions (Indonesia, Nigeria, Taiwan, USA) and three platforms (Bard, Bing, ChatGPT-3.5). Utilizing previously published cases, we asked identical questions to chatbots from each location within a 24-h window. Responses were evaluated in a double-blinded manner on relevance, clarity, depth, focus, and coherence by ten experts in endometrial cancer. Our analysis revealed significant variations across different countries/regions (p

Latar belakang. Kualitas hidup merupakan persepsi individu mengenai berbagai hal yang dirasakan di berbagai aspek penting dalam hidupnya. Banyak faktor yang dapat memengaruhi kualitas hidup seseorang, salah satunya adalah status gizi. Sebagai penerus bangsa, status gizi anak harus menjadi perhatian agar kualitas hidup anak yang baik dapat tercapai. Tujuan. Untuk menilai hubungan antara status gizi dengan kualitas hidup anak usia sekolah dasar di Kota Pariaman. Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian cross-sectional. Sebanyak 104 anak berusia 8-12 tahun berpartisipasi dalam penelitian. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara cluster random sampling. Kuesioner PedsQL digunakan untuk menilai kualitas hidup anak. Untuk menilai status gizi anak ditentukan berdasarkan IMT dari hasil pengukuran berat badan dan tinggi badan. Hasil. Mayoritas responden berjenis kelamin perempuan (55,8%), usia 11-

Indonesia's total number of HIV/AIDS cases is still high. Inadequate knowledge about the risk of HIV infection will influence HIV prevention and therapy. This study aimed to map the level of HIV-related knowledge among Indonesians living on six major islands in Indonesia and investigate the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and HIV/AIDS knowledge. This cross-sectional study used the Bahasa Indonesia version of the HIV Knowledge Questionnaire-18 items (HIV-KQ-18) Instrument. Data collection was done online through the Google form application. A total of 5,364 participants were recruited. The participants from Java had the highest degree of HIV/AIDS knowledge, which was 12.5% higher than participants from Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Papua, and Maluku. Linear regression showed that region, educational level, monthly expenditure, occupation, background in health sciences, and workshop attendance were significantly correlated with HIV knowledge. Participants typically understand that "HIV/AIDS transmission" only happens when sex partners are changed. Additionally, the government still needs improvement in HIV/AIDS education, particularly in the HIV incubation period, HIV transmission from pregnant women to the fetus, and condom use as one method of protection. There are disparities in HIV/AIDS knowledge levels among the major islands of Indonesia. Based on these findings, the government's health promotion program to increase public awareness of HIV/AIDS must be implemented vigorously. Additionally, in line with our research findings, it is essential to broaden the scope of HIV/AIDS education and promotion materials.

IntroductionDespite the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) continuing to increase globally, no comprehensive meta-analyses have been conducted quantifying premature CVD mortality. This paper reports the protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis to derive updated estimates of premature CVD mortality.Methods and expected outputsThis review will include the studies that reported premature CVD mortality based on standard premature mortality indicators, including years of life lost (YLL), age standardized mortality rate (ASMR) or standardised mortality ratio (SMR). PUBMED, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), CINAHL, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) will be used as the literature databases. The study selection as well as the evaluation of the quality of the included articles will be done independently by two reviewers. Pooled estimates of YLL, ASMR, and SMR will be computed by applying random-effects meta-analysis. Heterogeneity among selected studies will be assessed using the I2 statistic and Q statistic with associated p-values. A funnel plot analysis and Egger's test will be conducted to assess the potential impact of publication bias. Depending on data availability, we propose to conduct subgroup analyses by sex, geographic location, main CVD types, and study time. Reporting of our findings will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.ConclusionOur meta-analysis will provide a comprehensive synthesis of the available evidence on premature CVD mortality, which is a major public health concern worldwide. The results of this meta-analysis will have important implications for clinical practice and public health policy, providing insights into strategies to prevent and manage premature CVD mortality.Trial registrationSystematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42021288415. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021288415.

IntroductionPremature mortality refers to deaths that occur before the expected age of death in a given population. Years of life lost (YLL) is a standard parameter that is frequently used to quantify some component of an "avoidable" mortality burden.ObjectiveTo identify the studies on premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and synthesise their findings on YLL based on the regional area, main CVD types, sex, and study time.MethodWe conducted a systematic review of published CVD mortality studies that reported YLL as an indicator for premature mortality measurement. A literature search for eligible studies was conducted in five electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of the included studies. The synthesis of YLL was grouped into years of potential life lost (YPLL) and standard expected years of life lost (SEYLL) using descriptive analysis. These subgroups were further divided into WHO (World Health Organization) regions, study time, CVD type, and sex to reduce the effect of heterogeneity between studies.ResultsForty studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. Of these, 17 studies reported premature CVD mortality using YPLL, and the remaining 23 studies calculated SEYLL. The selected studies represent all WHO regions except for the Eastern Mediterranean. The overall median YPLL and SEYLL rates per 100,000 population were 594.2 and 1357.0, respectively. The YPLL rate and SEYLL rate demonstrated low levels in high-income countries, including Switzerland, Belgium, Spain, Slovenia, the USA, and South Korea, and a high rate in middle-income countries (including Brazil, India, South Africa, and Serbia). Over the past three decades (1990-2022), there has been a slight increase in the YPLL rate and the SEYLL rate for overall CVD and ischemic heart disease but a slight decrease in the SEYLL rate for cerebrovascular disease. The SEYLL rate for overall CVD demonstrated a notable increase in the Western Pacific region, while the European region has experienced a decline and the American region has nearly reached a plateau. In regard to sex, the male showed a higher median YPLL rate and median SEYLL rate than the female, where the rate in males substantially increased after three decades.ConclusionEstimates from both the YPLL and SEYLL indicators indicate that premature CVD mortality continues to be a major burden for middle-income countries. The pattern of the YLL rate does not appear to have lessened over the past three decades, particularly for men. It is vitally necessary to develop and execute strategies and activities to lessen this mortality gap.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42021288415.

A diabetes risk score cannot directly be translated and applied in different populations, and its performance should be evaluated in the target population. This study aimed to translate the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) instrument and compare its performance with the modified version for detecting undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and dysglycaemia among the Indonesian adult population. Forward and backward translations were performed and followed by cultural adaptation. In total, 1,403 participants were recruited. The FINDRISC-Bahasa Indonesia (FINDRISC-BI) was scored according to the original FINDRISC instrument, while a Modified FINDRISC-BI was analyzed using a specific body mass index and waist circumference classification for Indonesians. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity, and the optimal cut-offs of both instruments were estimated. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for detecting undiagnosed T2DM was 0.73 (0.67-0.78) for the FINDRISC-BI with an optimal cut-off score of ≥9 (sensitivity = 63.0%; specificity = 67.3%) and 0.72 (0.67-0.78) for the Modified FINDRISC-BI with an optimal cut-off score of ≥11 (sensitivity = 59.8%; specificity = 74.9%). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for detecting dysglycaemia was 0.72 (0.69-0.75) for the FINDRISC-BI instrument with an optimal cut-off score of ≥8 (sensitivity = 66.4%; specificity = 67.0%), and 0.72 (0.69-0.75) for the Modified FINDRISC-BI instrument with an optimal cut-off score ≥9 (sensitivity = 63.8%; specificity = 67.6%). The Indonesian version of the FINDRISC instrument has acceptable diagnostic accuracy for screening people with undiagnosed T2DM or dysglycaemia in Indonesia. Modifying the body mass index and waist circumference classifications in the Modified FINDRISC-BI results in a similar diagnostic accuracy; however, the Modified FINDRISC-BI has a higher optimal cut-off point than the FINDRISC-BI. People with an above optimal cut-off score are suggested to take a further blood glucose test.

Plant-based anticancer agents have the potential to stimulate the immune system to act against cancer cells. A standardized bioactive subfraction of the Malaysian herb, Strobilanthes crispus (L.) Blume (S. crispus) termed F3, demonstrates strong anticancer effects in both in vitro and in vivo models. The anticancer effects might be attributable to its immunomodulatory properties as S. crispus has been traditionally used to enhance the immune system. The current study examined whether F3 could stimulate anti-tumorigenic immunogenicity against 4T1 cells in vitro and in 4T1 cell-induced mammary carcinoma mouse model. We observed that F3 induced significant increase in MHC class I and class II molecules. CD4+, CD8+ and IL-2+ (p

TB milier merupakan komplikasi dari suatu fokus infeksi tuberkulosis yang disebarkan secara hematogen. Gambaran berupa bercak-bercak halus yang umumnya tersebar merata pada seluruh lapangan paru. Pemberian terapi OAT pada pasien TB dengan HIV perlu mendapat perhatian khusus karena selain OAT sendiri dapat menimbulkan drug-induced hepatitis, pemberian OAT dengan ARV harus dilakukan secara benar agar tidak timbul efek samping obat pada pasien. Telah dilaporkan suatu kasus seorang laki-laki umur 26 tahun dengan TB Milier-HIV dengan drug-induced hepatitis dirawat di RSUP M Djamil Padang. Pasien dikonsulkan ke Pulmonologi dengan keluhan mata kuning dan urin seperti teh pekat setelah pemberian obat anti tuberkulosis selama 18 hari dan anti retroviral selama 4 hari. Pada pemeriksaan fisik ditemukan sklera yang ikterik, kandidiasis oral, hepatomegali. Dari pemeriksaan laboratorium didapatkan nilai SGPT 137 u/L dan SGOT 84 u/L, bilirubin urin (+), Ig M anti HAV negatif, HBsAg non reaktif, Anti HCV 0,09 (

IntroductionProlotherapy and other injections, primarily acting on pathways associated with maladaptive tissue repair, are recommended for recalcitrant chronic soft tissue injuries (CSTI). However, selection of injection is challenging due to mixed results. This network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to compare prolotherapy with other therapies, particularly injections, for CSTI and establish robustness of the results.MethodologyPubmed, Medline, SPORTDiscus and Google scholar were searched from inception to 4th January 2021 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving injection therapies (e.g. blood derivatives, corticosteroid, hyaluronic acid, botulinum toxin) for CSTI. The primary and secondary outcomes were pain and function, respectively, at (or nearest to) 6 months. Effect size (ES) was presented as standardised mean difference with 95% confidence interval (CI). Frequentist random effect NMA was used to generate the overall estimates, subgroup estimates (by region and measurement time point) and sensitivity analyses.ResultsA total of 91 articles (87 RCTs; 5859 participants) involving upper limb (74%), lower limb (23%) and truncal/hip (3%) injuries were included. At all time points, prolotherapy had no statistically significant pain benefits over other therapies. This observation remained unchanged when tested under various assumptions and with exclusion of studies with high risk of bias. Although prolotherapy did not offer statistically significant functional improvement compared to most therapies, its ES was consistently better than non-injections and corticosteroid injection for both outcomes. At selected time points and for selected injuries, prolotherapy demonstrated potentially better pain improvement over placebo (8 months: shoulder [ES 2.08; 95% CI 1.49, to 2.68]). Injections generally produced greater ES when combined with non-injection therapy.ConclusionWhile clinical outcomes were generally comparable across types of injection therapy, prolotherapy may be used preferentially for selected conditions at selected times.

Introduction A high body fat coupled with low cardiopulmonary fitness and an increase in oxidative stress has been connoted as contributing factors in developing cardiovascular comorbidities. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between antioxidants and oxidative stress status with cardiopulmonary responses in women of different body mass index (BMI). Subjects and Methods Eighty female adults were recruited and divided into three groups; normal weight (n = 23), overweight (n = 28) and obese (n = 29), according to their BMI. Blood samples were obtained prior to cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Plasma samples were separated by centrifugation and analysed for enzymatic antioxidant activity including catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Non-enzymatic antioxidant activities were assessed using 2, 2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assays. To evaluate the oxidative stress status of subjects, levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, the by-product of lipid peroxidation, were measured. Cardiopulmonary responses were analysed using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) which involved 15 various parameters such as peak oxygen consumption, metabolic equivalents and respiratory exchange ratio. Results The obese group had significantly lower ABTS radical scavenging and FRAP activities than the normal weight group. A higher catalase activity was observed in the obese group than the normal weight group. Spearman’s correlation showed an inverse relationship between catalase and peak oxygen consumption, while partial correlation analysis showed inverse correlations between superoxide dismutase and respiratory frequency, ABTS activity and oxygen pulse, and between ABTS activity and cardiac output. Conclusion Our results demonstrate a lower cardiovascular fitness and antioxidant capacity in obese women; the higher catalase activity may be a compensatory mechanism. The negative correlations found between these two parameters may indicate the potential effect of antioxidants on the cardiopulmonary system and deserve further analysis in a larger population. Nevertheless, this study provides the basis for future studies to further explore the relationships between redox status and cardiopulmonary responses. This can potentially be used to predict future risk of developing diseases associated with oxidative stress, especially pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases.

Pengadaan alat kesehatan adalah usaha pihak manajemen logistik rumah sakit dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan rumah sakit dan user akan alat kesehatan untuk peningkatan mutu pelayanan rumah sakit. Untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan ini diperlukan pertimbangan efisiensi, efektifitas dan pemanfaatan alat kesehatan yang diadakan tersebut. RSUD Padang Pariaman masih bermasalah dalam pelaksanaan pengadaan alat kesehatan dimana masih adanya alat kesehatan yang diadakan belum dimanfaatkan dalam memberikan pelayanan kesehatan di rumah sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimanakah analisis pengadaan alat kesehatan di RSUD Padang Pariaman tahun 2017. Hasil penelitian ini dari komponen input, kebijakan atau SOP belum ada, tenaga dari sisi kuantitas belum mencukupi, dana perlu ditingkatkan anggaranya terutama yang bersumber dari APBD, sarana prasarana belum ada. Pada komponen proses, perencanaan dan penerimaan/pemeriksaan masih ada masalah sedangkan pada komponen pengadaan pemilihan penyedia sudah sesuai dengan Perpres RI No 4 Tahun 2015. Pada komponen output, pelaksanaan pengadaan alat kesehatan di RSUD Padang Pariaman belum sepenuhnya sesuai dengan kebutuhan rumah sakit dan user.

Pola konsumsi anak menentukan kebiasaan makan saat dewasa, sehingga perlu mendapat perhatian adalah kebiasaan sarapan pagi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menetukan pengaruh penyuluhan gizi terhadap perubahan perilaku kebiasaan sarapaan pagi murid SD Negeri 05 Solok Selatan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Quasi Eksperiment dengan menggunakan rancangan one group pre and post test design. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 58 Murid SD Negeri 05 Solok Selatan dengan menggunakan instrument berupa penanyangan film/video tentang sarapan pagi dan kuesioner yang dianalisis secara univariat, bivariat dengan paired-samples t test dan multivariat dengan GLM repeated measures. Berdasarkan survei dan wawancara yang dilakukan di SD Negeri 02 Solok Selatan diketahui bahwa terdapat 4 orang dari 10 responden (40%) siswa memiliki status gizi berdasarkan IMT/U berada pada kategori kurus dan 6 orang dari 10 responden (40%) tidak memiliki kebiasaan sarapan pagi. Hanya 32,8% murid SD Negeri 05 Solok Selatan yang sarapan, sisanya hampir setengah dari jumlah anak-anak yang ada, mengaku bahwa mereka melewatkan waktu sarapannya Hasil penelitian didapat ada perubahan rata-rata nilai pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan murid tentang sarapan pagi sebelum dan sesudah penyuluhan dan terdapat perbedaan pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan murid tentang sarapan pagi sebelum dan sesudah penyuluhan.

Abstract Naturally acquired antibodies to proteins expressed on the Plasmodium falciparum parasitized red blood cell (pRBC) surface steer the course of a malaria infection by reducing sequestration and stimulating phagocytosis of pRBC. Here we have studied a selection of proteins representing three different parasite gene families employing a well-characterized parasite with a severe malaria phenotype (FCR3S1.2). The presence of naturally acquired antibodies, impact on rosetting rate, surface reactivity and opsonization for phagocytosis in relation to different blood groups of the ABO system were assessed in a set of sera from children with mild or complicated malaria from an endemic area. We show that the naturally acquired immune responses, developed during malaria natural infection, have limited access to the pRBCs inside a blood group A rosette. The data also indicate that SURFIN4.2 may have a function at the pRBC surface, particularly during rosette formation, this role however needs to be further validated. Our results also indicate epitopes differentially recognized by rosette-disrupting antibodies on a peptide array. Antibodies towards parasite-derived proteins such as PfEMP1, RIFIN and SURFIN in combination with host factors, essentially the ABO blood group of a malaria patient, are suggested to determine the outcome of a malaria infection.

While there has been a tremendous decline in malaria disease burden in the remote parts of Malaysia, little is known about malaria incidence in its urban localities. This study aimed to analyze trends of malaria cases in urban Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. All suspected cases presented to a university hospital in Kuala Lumpur from January 2005 to December 2020 were examined by microscopy. Infection status was analyzed using descriptive statistics and curve estimation analysis. Of 3105 blood films examined, 92 (3%) were microscopically confirmed malaria cases. Plasmodium vivax infections accounted for the majority (36.9%) of all malaria cases. Nearly half (47.8%) of cases were found among foreign cases (p < 0.001). The majority of foreign cases were male (86.4%) and came from Southeast Asian countries (65.9%). The curve estimation analysis showed significant decreases in malaria cases due to P. vivax (R2 = 0.598; p < 0.001) and Plasmodium falciparum (R2 = 0.298, p = 0.029), but increases for Plasmodium knowlesi (R2 = 0.325, p = 0.021) during the 16 years. This study showed that malaria incidence in urban Kuala Lumpur is low and has remained stable since 2005. However, P. knowlesi has played a significant role in the increase in overall malaria in the area, highlighting the importance of continued vigilance and improved surveillance.

Abstract As markers of exposure anti-malaria antibody responses can help characterise heterogeneity in malaria transmission. In the present study antibody responses to Plasmodium falciparum AMA-1, MSP-119 and CSP were measured with the aim to describe transmission patterns in meso-endemic settings in Lake Victoria. Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Lake Victoria in January and August 2012. The study area comprised of three settings: mainland (Ungoye), large island (Mfangano) and small islands (Takawiri, Kibuogi, Ngodhe). Individuals provided a finger-blood sample to assess malaria infection by microscopy and PCR. Antibody response to P. falciparum was determined in 4,112 individuals by ELISA using eluted dried blood from filter paper. The overall seroprevalence was 64.0% for AMA-1, 39.5% for MSP-119, and 12.9% for CSP. Between settings, seroprevalences for merozoite antigens were similar between Ungoye and Mfangano, but higher when compared to the small islands. For AMA-1, the seroconversion rates (SCRs) ranged from 0.121 (Ngodhe) to 0.202 (Ungoye), and were strongly correlated to parasite prevalence. We observed heterogeneity in serological indices across study sites in Lake Victoria. These data suggest that AMA-1 and MSP-119 sero-epidemiological analysis may provide further evidence in assessing variation in malaria exposure and evaluating malaria control efforts in high endemic area.

Karsinoma ovarium adalah keganasan yang berasal dari sel-sel epitelial di ovarium, terbanyak keenam pada wanita di dunia. Di RS Umum Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang, insiden karsinoma ovarium menempati urutan ketiga keganasan terbanyak pada wanita setelah karsinoma payudara dan leher rahim. Gen TP53 mensintesis protein p53 yang bila inaktif dapat mempengaruhi derajat histopatologi dan stadium klinik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui korelasi antara overekspresi p53 dengan derajat histopatologi dan stadium klinik karsinoma ovarium. Penelitian dilakukan secara analitik observasional, pendekatan potong lintang di sentra diagnostik laboratorium Patologi Anatomi RS Umum Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. Sampel berjumlah 32 kasus, diambil dari arsip rekam medik periode 1 Januari 2012 sampai 30 Juni 2015, dipulas dengan antibodi monoklonal p53. Hasil penelitian menemukan frekuensi karsinoma ovarium derajat rendah sebanyak 65,6% dan derajat tinggi sebanyak 34,4%. Tipe histopatologi terbanyak adalah karsinoma serosa derajat tinggi (25%) dan karsinoma musinus (25%). Frekuensi karsinoma ovarium stadium lanjut (53,1%) lebih banyak dari stadium awal (46,9%). Frekuensi overekspresi p53 pada karsinoma ovarium 43,8%. Tidak ada korelasi bermakna antara overekspresi p53 dengan derajat histopatologi (p=0,1) dan stadium klinis karsinoma ovarium (p=0,6). Terdapat korelasi bermakna antara derajat histopatologi dan stadium klinik (p=0,00, r=0,46)

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of dextrose prolotherapy injection for focal supraspinatus rotator cuff tendinosis via outcomes such as functional score, range of movement, and real-time ultrasound parameters. Materials and Methods. 12 adult patients with focal supraspinatus tendinosis recruited after they had less than 30% improvement in functional (DASH) scores after one month of physiotherapy following initial presentation. Seven patients had 0.5–1.0 ml of prolotherapy injection (12.5% dextrose, 0.5% lignocaine) injected into the area of focal tendinosis under ultrasound guidance. Meanwhile, five patients continued standard physiotherapy with no intervention performed. Regional area of echogenicity in decibels, DASH, range of movements of the shoulder, pain, and sleep scores were measured at baseline and at 12 weeks. Results. The prolotherapy group showed significant improvement in shoulder abduction (p=0.030) and an improvement in sleep score (p=0.027). The echogenicity of area of tendinosis significantly increases at the end of treatment (p=0.009). However, there was a nonsignificant reduction in pain score in the injection group (43.5%) and in the control group (25%) at 12 weeks (p>0.005). Conclusion. Ultrasound-guided intratendinous prolotherapy injection significantly improves patient’s range of abduction and improves sleep within 12 weeks of treatment compared to conventional physiotherapy management. Trial Registration. This study was registered under Current Controlled Trials (UK) and given International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) of 43520960.

A state of chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus may cause dysfunction of the reproductive system; one of these is the decrease in total testosterone level. A regular physical exercise is one of the non-pharmacological approaches to reduce blood glucose level and improve total testosterone level in diabetes mellitus. The study was aimed to determine the effects of regular physical exercise on fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and its relationship to total testosterone levels in diabetic rats. Pre-postest experimental study with control group design, was conducted during June–October 2013 at Physiology Laboratory of Medical Faculty and Research Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh. Fifteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: (I) control, (II) sedentary diabetic, and (III) exercise diabetic. The physical exercise was performed at low-moderate intensity for nine weeks according to Souza’s protocol. The levels of blood glucose were measured every three weeks during the regular physical exercise; the changes of blood glucose level were compared between groups, whereas the levels of total testosterone were measured after nine weeks of regular physical exercise. The mean of total testosterone level was different (p=0.032) between the group with physical exercise and without physical exercise. There was a negative correlation between changes in FBG levels and total testosterone levels (p=0.007, Pearson correlation -0.661). In conclusion, regular physical exercise with low-moderate intensity reduces blood glucose levels and improves total testosterone levels in diabetic rats.

Background Migraine is one of the causes of recurrent headache in childhood. Cyproheptadine is well known as an antihistamine, but there are few studies revealing the drug's effect in pediatric migraine. Objective To determine the effectiveness of cyproheptadine in the prophylactic treatment of childhood migraine. Methods A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial study was performed at Medan. One hundred children with migraine according to the International Headache Society criteria were included in the study. Subjects were divided into two groups, and each group was given either 4 mg cyproheptadine or placebo for 12 weeks. Headache frequency was measured in headache days per month, duration was measured in hours and functional disability was measured by Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment (PedMID AS). The efficacy was measured before intervention; also 1, 2, and 3 months after intervention. Results A total of 100 patients, with age ranging from 11 to 18 years old (with mean, 15.5 years), were treated with cyproheptadine or placebo for headache. Compared to baseline, there was a significant difference on PedMIDAS grading of migraines in both groups (P 0.05), but there were side effects of cyproheptadine up to 73%. Conclusion Cyproheptadine appears to be effective as an alternative prophylactic treatment of childhood migraine. However, pediatricians should consider the significant side effects of this drug.

AbstrakHipertensi masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di dunia. Penyebabnya diduga berkaitan dengan diet tinggi garam. Tujuan Penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui gambaran tekanan darah tikus Wistar setelah pemberian diet tinggigaram. Penelitian ini adalah eksperimental dengan post-test only control group design. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 10 ekor tikus Wistar jantan dan 10 ekor betina yang dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol (K) dan kelompok perlakuan (P). Diet tinggi garam (NaCl8%, 3ml/hari) diberikan pada kelompok P selama empat minggu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan tekanan darah yang bermakna pada kelompok P bila dibandingkan dengan kelompok K, yaitu tekanan darah sistolik (TDS) 191±17mmHg (P) dan 168±16mmHg (K) (p0,05). Pada tikus betina TDS 197±19mmHg (P) dan 178±16mmHg (K) (p>0,05), TDD 165±18mmHg (P) dan 148±11mmHg (K) (p>0,05), TAR 181±18mmHg (P) dan 162±14mmHg (K) (p>0,05). Kesimpulan studi ini adalah peningkatan tekanan darah setelah pemberian diet tinggi garam hanya terjadi pada tikus jantan.Kata kunci: diet tinggi garam, tekanan darah, hipertensiAbstractHypertension remains a health problem in the world. The cause is believed to be related to the high-salt diet. The purpose of this studi was to describe the blood pressure of Wistar rats after administration of high-salt diet. This research was experimental with post-test only control group design. Ten male and ten female Wistar rats were divided into two groups: control group(K) and treated group(P). High-salt diet (8%NaCl, 3ml/day) was given to the P group for four weeks. Blood pressure increased significantly in group P compared to group K, systolic blood pressure (SBP) 191±17mmHg (P) and 168±16mmHg (K) in (p0.05). In female rats, SBP were197±19mmHg (P) and 178±16mmHg (K) in (p>0.05), DBP were 165±18mmHg (P) and 148±11mmHg (K) in (p>0.05), MAP were 181±18mmHg (P) and 162±14mmHg (K) in (p>0.05). The conclusion of this study is an increase of blood pressure after the administration of high-salt diet only occured in male rats.Keywords: high-salt diet, blood pressure, hypertension

AbstrakHiperglikemia masih menjadi topik penelitian yang sering dihubungkan dengan kejadian sindrom koroner akut (SKA) di dunia, terutama hiperglikemia saat masuk rumah sakit. Hal ini didasari oleh beberapa pengaruh kadar glukosa darah yang tinggi terhadap sistem kardiovaskuler seperti gangguan fungsi ventrikel kiri, stroke volume yang menurun, regurgitasi katup mitral berulang, gangguan pada waktu pengisian diastolik hingga risiko tinggi untuk arritmia, serta hubungannya dengan peningkatan risiko trombosis. Sehingga semakin memperjelas pengaruh hiperglikemia yang tidak hanya dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya SKA, melainkan juga dapat memperburuk kondisi pasien SKA sendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi hubungan kadar glukosa darah sewaktu dengan lama hari rawat pasien Sindrom Koroner Akut (SKA). Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian analitik dengan menggunakan desain penelitian Cross Sectional Study. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang diambil di Instalasi Rekam Medik (Medical Record), yakni data rekam medik pasien yang didiagnosis sebagai Sindrom Koroner Akut (SKA) yang dirawat inap di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat DR. M. Djamil Padang Periode Januari–Desember 2011. Ditemukan sebagian besar pasien SKA masuk rumah sakit dengan kadar Glukosa Darah Sewaktu (GDS) sebesar ≥ 200 mg/dl (40%) dan lama hari rawat sebesar ≥ 7 hari (52%). Dari hasil analisa bivariat dengan menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman ditemukan adanya hubungan searah antara kadar glukosa darah saat masuk rumah sakit dengan lama hari rawat pasien SKA dengan kekuatan hubungan yang sedang, r = +0,492, p = 0, 000 (pKata kunci: Kadar glukosa darah saat masuk RS, lama hari rawatAbstractHyperglicemia is still become a research topic which is often associated with the incidence of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) in the world, especially hyperglicemia on hospital admission. This is due to several effects of high random blood glucose to the cardiocasculer system for instance impaired left ventricular function, decreased stroke volume, reccurrent mitral valve regurgitation, impaired diastolic filling, high risk arrhytmias and its corelation with the increase thrombosis risk. This circumstance explains more about the effects of hyperglicemia that not only increase the risk of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), but can also worsen the Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) patients condition through a various of mechanisms. This research is purposed to identify the relation between hospital admission blood glucose level with length of stay of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). This research uses analytic research which is using cross sectional design. This research uses secondary data that is taken from the medical records of patients diagnosed as Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) admitted to RSUP DR. M. Djamil Padang from January until December 2011. Research found that the most of ACS patients admitted to the hospital with as random blood glucose of ≥200 mg/dl (40%) and length of stay for ≥7 days (52%). The results of bivariate analysis by using Spearman correlation test is obtained the correlation between hospital admission blood glucose level to length of stay ACS patients and the strength of correlation is moderate, r = +0,492 , p = 0, 000 (pKeywords:Hospital admission blood glucose, length of stay

AbstrakTuberkulosis (TB) paru adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh kuman Mycobacterium tuberkulosis. TB masih tetap menjadi masalah kesehatan dunia karena lebih kurang 1/3 penduduk dunia terinfeksi oleh kuman ini dan sumber penularannya berasal dari Basil Tahan Asam (BTA) positif maupun negatif. TB paru BTA negatif didiagnosis berdasarkan gambaran klinis dan rontgen torak yang sesuai TB serta pertimbangan dokter sehingga hal ini dapat menimbulkan under atau over diagnosis TB. GeneXpert merupakan pemeriksaan molekuler dengan metode “real time“ PCR dan merupakan penemuan terobosan untuk mendiagnosis TB secara cepat. Tujuan penelitiian ini adalah melakukan penilaian validitas GeneXpert pada TB paru BTA negatif dibandingkan dengan kultur Loweinstein Jensen. Desain penelitian uji diagnostik ini adalah cross sectional study. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 40 orang pasien TB paru BTA negatif di Puskesmas sekitar kota Padang dan pasien yang dirawat di Bagian Penyakit Dalam RS dr. M. Djamil Padang. Dilakukan pemeriksaan sputum dengan GeneXpert dan dibandingkan dengan kultur Loweinstein Jensen. Hasil uji diagnostik dengan GeneXpert untuk mendiagnosis TB paru BTA negatif didapatkan sensitivitas 83.33%, spesifisitas 95.46%, nilai prediksi positif 93.75%, nilai prediksi negatif 87.5% dan akurasi 90% serta hasil uji kappa didapatkan 0.796. Disimpulkan GeneXpert memiliki sensitivitas, spesifisitas, nilai prediksi positif, nilai prediksi negatif dan akurasi yang tinggi pada TB paru BTA negatif.Kata kunci: nilai diagnostik, TB paru BTA negatif, GeneXpert AbstractPulmonary tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB is still a global health problem. Approximately one third of the world population is infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the source of infection came from smear positive and negative patient. Smear negative pulmonary TB can be considered based on clinical symptom and chest x-ray as well as description of TB and it’s depend on doctor's decision, so this can lead to under or over-diagnosis. Molecular examination with real time PCR method of GeneXpert is a breakthrough invention to diagnose TB quickly. The objective of this study was to assess the validity of GeneXpert in smear negative pulmonary TB and it’s compared with Loweinstein Jensen culture. Study design was diagnostic test with cross sectional study. Research conducted on 40 patients with smear negative pulmonary TB in public health centers around the city of Padang and the patients who were treated at the Internal Medicine department of dr. M. Djamil hospital Padang. Sputum examination conducted by GeneXpert compared with Loweinstein Jensen culture. Diagnostic value of GeneXpert for diagnosing smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis are sensitivity 83.33%, specificity 95.46%, positive predictive value 93.75%, negative predictive value 87.5% and accuracy 90%. Kappa value is 0.796. GeneXpert has a high sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy on smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis.Keywords: diagnostic value, smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis, GeneXpert

AbstrakAnemia pada ibu hamil adalah kondisi ibu dengan kadar hemoglobin (Hb) dalam darah observasional dengan mengumpulkan data rekam medis ibu hamil aterm yang melahirkan di RSUD Achmad Darwis Suliki Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota periode Januari – Desember 2013. Dari 73 sampel ibu hamil aterm anemia dan tidak anemia didapatkan nilai rerata berat bayi pada ibu hamil aterm anemia adalah 2722 gram dan rerata berat badan bayi pada ibu hamil aterm tanpa anemia adalah 2967 gram. Hasil analisis bivariat dengan uji Chi Square didapatkan nilai p:0,047 (pKata kunci: Anemia, hamil aterm, BBLR. AbstractAnaemia in pregnancy is a condition where hemoglobin concentration in blood Chi-Square test with p-value : 0.047 (Keyword: Anaemia, Aterm Pregnancy, Low Birth Baby Weight

A highly active and stable nano structured Pt/Mg1-xNixO catalysts was developed by a simple co-precipitation method. The obtained Pt/Mg1-xNixO catalyst exhibited cubic structure nanocatalyst with a size of 50-80 nm and realized CH4 and CO2 conversions as high as 98% at 900°C with excellent stability in the dry reforming of methane. The characterization of catalyst was performed using various kinds of analytical techniques including XRD, BET, XRF, TPR-H2, TGA, TEM, FESEM, FT-IR, and XPS analyses. Characterization of spent catalyst further confirms that Pt/Mg1-xNixO catalyst has high coke-resistance for dry reforming. Thus, the catalyst demonstrated in this study, offers a promising catalyst for resolving the dilemma between dispersion and reducibility of supported metal, as well as activity and stability during high temperature reactions.

AbstrakInfark Miokard Akut (IMA) merupakan nekrosis otot jantung akibat terganggunya kebutuhan dan suplai oksigen ke jantung secara mendadak. Faktor risikonya adalah perubahan profil lipid yaitu Kolesterol total, Kolesterol LDL. Kolesterol HDL, dan trigliserida yang dikaitkan dengan pembentukan plak aterosklerosis. Manfaat penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran profil lipid pada pasien IMA. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran profil lipid pada pasien IMA di RSUP M. Djamil Padang periode 1 Januari 2011-31 Desember 2012. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional study di bagian Rekam Medik RSUP M. Djamil Padang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan umur terbanyak pasien IMA 45-59 tahun, Jenis kelamin terbanyak pasien IMA adalah laki-laki, perbandingannya adalah 2,7 : 1, Pasien IMA yang memiliki kadar kolesterol total tinggi 79 orang (38,92%) dan normal 124 orang (61,08%), Pasien IMA yang memiliki kadar kolesterol LDL tinggi 76 orang (37,44%) dan normal 127 orang (62,56%), Pasien IMA yang memiliki kadar kolesterol HDL rendah 145 orang (71,43%) dan normal 58 orang (28,57%), dan Pasien IMA yang memiliki kadar trigliserida tinggi 44 orang (21,67%) dan normal 159 orang (78,33%).Kata kunci: infark miokard akut, kolesterol total, kolesterol LDL, Kolesterol HDL, trigliserida AbstractAcute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) is a muscle necrosis of the heart through disruption of demand and supply of oxygen to the heart suddenly. Risk factors of AMI is a change of lipid profile (Total Cholesterol, LDL Cholesterol, HDL Cholesterol, and Triglycerides) associated with the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. The benefit of this research is to reveal the lipid profile in patients with AMI. The objective of this study was to determine the description of lipid profile in patients with AMI at RSUP M. Djamil Padang period January 1st, 2011-December 31th, 2012. The study was conducted with descriptive methods to the design of cross sectional study at the Medical Records Department of RSUP M. Djamil Padang. The results of this study indicate that the most age of the patients of AMI 45-59 years old, the most gender of AMI are male and the ratio 2.7 : 1, AMI patients with high total cholesterol levels 79 people (38.92%) and normal 124 people (61.08%), AMI patients with high LDL cholesterol levels 76 people (37,44%) normal 127 people (62.56%), AMI patients with low HDL cholesterol levels 145 people (71.43%) and normal 58 people (28.57%), and AMI Patients with high triglyceride levels 44 people (21.67%) and normal 59 people (78.33%).Keywords: acute myocardial infarction, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride

Understanding the transmission and movement of Plasmodium parasites is crucial for malaria elimination and prevention of resurgence. Located at the limit of malaria transmission in the Pacific, Vanuatu is an ideal candidate for elimination programs due to low endemicity and the isolated nature of its island setting. We analyzed the variation in the merozoite surface protein 1 (msp1) and the circumsporozoite protein (csp) of P. falciparum and P. vivax populations to examine the patterns of gene flow and population structures among seven sites on five islands in Vanuatu. Genetic diversity was in general higher in P. vivax than P. falciparum from the same site. In P. vivax, high genetic diversity was likely maintained by greater extent of gene flow among sites and among islands. Consistent with the different patterns of gene flow, the proportion of genetic variance found among islands was substantially higher in P. falciparum (28.81-31.23%) than in P. vivax (-0.53-3.99%). Our data suggest that the current island-by-island malaria elimination strategy in Vanuatu, while adequate for P. falciparum elimination, might need to be complemented with more centrally integrated measures to control P. vivax movement across islands.

AbstrakUlkus diabetikum adalah keadaan ditemukannya infeksi, tukak dan atau destruksi ke jaringan kulit yang paling dalam di kaki pada pasien Diabetes Mellitus (DM) akibat abnormalitas saraf dan gangguan pembuluh darah arteri perifer. Ulkus diabetikum dapat dicegah dengan melakukan intervensi sederhana sehingga kejadian angka amputasi dapat diturunkan hingga 80%. Amputasi memberikan pengaruh besar terhadap seorang individu, tidak hanya dari segi kosmetik tapi juga kehilangan produktivitas, meningkatkan ketergantungan terhadap orang lain serta biaya mahal yang dikeluarkan untuk penyembuhan. Penelitian ini memberikan pengetahuan tentang faktor risiko terjadinya ulkus diabetikum agar angka mortalitas dan morbiditas dapat di kurangi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah retrospektif observasional dengan mengumpulkan data menggunakan wawancara, kuisoner, dan pemeriksaan fisik pada pasien diabetes mellitus yang di rawat jalan dan inap di RSUP DR. M. Djamil dan RSI Ibnu Sina Padang periode Januari-Maret 2014. Analisis data terhadap 6 variabel di dapatkan Jenis kelamin (p =0,595; OR=0,654) lama DM (p=1,000; OR = 1,158), neuropati (p=0,411; OR=1,833), PAD (p=0,004; OR), trauma (p=0, 02; OR= 4), dan perawatan kaki (p=1,000; OR=1,158). Berdasarkan uji statistik Chi-Square didapatkan 2 variabel yang memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan kejadian ulkus diabetikum yaitu PAD dan trauma. Sedangkan, hasil uji statistik regresi logistik ganda menyatakan bahwa lama DM, neuropati, PAD, riwayat trauma, dan perawatn kaki merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya ulkus diabetikum. PAD dan trauma adalah faktor yang paling berpengaruh.Kata kunci: faktor risiko, DM, ulkus diabetikumAbstractDiabetic foot ulcer is defined as the presence of infection, ulceration and/or destruction of deep tissues associated with neurologic abnormalities and various degrees of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in the lower limb on patients with diabetes. Foot ulceration is preventable, and relatively simple interventions can reduce amputations by up to 80%. Amputation has a major impact on individual, not only in distorting body image, but also loss of productivity, increasing dependency, and expensive cost of treating foot ulcer. This study provides knowledge about risk factors for diabetic ulcers that mortality and morbidity can be reduced. This research is an observational retrospective by collecting data using interviews, questionnaires, and physical examination in patients with diabetes mellitus in outpatient and inpatient department of DR. M. Djamil and RSI Ibnu Sina Padang from January until March 2014. The result from the analyze data from 6 variable known gender (p =0,595; OR=0,654), duration of DM (p=1,000; OR = 1,158), neuropathy (p=0,411; OR=1,833), PAD (p=0,004; OR= 5,5), trauma (p=0,02; OR= 4), and foot care (p=1,000; OR=1,158). Based on Chi-Square test statistic obtained two variables that have a significant relationship with the occurrence of diabetic ulcers is PAD and trauma. Meanwhile, the results of multiple logistic regression statistical tests that the old DM, neuropathy, PAD, history of trauma, and foot care a risk factor for diabetic ulcers. PAD and trauma are the most influential.Keywords: risk factor, DM, diabetic foot ulcer

AbstrakSirosis hati adalah stadium akhir dari penyakit hati kronik berupa proses fibrosis difus yang ditandai dengan perubahan arsitektur normal hati menjadi bentuk nodulus abnormal. Pada penderita sirosis hati ini sering terjadi penyakit infeksi akibat adanya imunosupresi. Hitung kadar limfosit total dapat digunakan untuk menentukan status imunitas penderita sirosis hati. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kadar limfosit total penderita sirosis hati. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitik. Populasi penelitian adalah penderita sebagai sirosis hati yang dirawat di Bagian Penyakit Dalam RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang pada tahun 2011. Sampel diambil dari populasi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Data diolah menggunakan uji Chi-square. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa sebanyak 83,1% penderita sirosis hati memiliki kadar limfosit total yang rendah. Terdapat hubungan kadar limfosit total dengan berat ringannya penyakit sirosis hati dengan pKata kunci: kadar limfosit total, sirosis hatiAbstractLiver Cirrhosis is the end stage of chronic liver disease in the form of a diffuse fibrotic process characterized by changes in the normal architecture of the liver to abnormal nodules. In patients with liver cirrhosis is common infections due to immunosuppression. The total lymphocyte count can be used to determine the immune status of patients with liver cirrhosis. The purpose of this study was to determine total lymphocyte count of liver cirrhosis patients. This research design is descriptive analytic. The population is the liver cirrhosis patients as treated in the Internal Medicine Dr. M. Djamil Padang in 2011. Samples were taken from the population that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data processed by Chi-square test.The results of this study indicated that as many as 83,1% of cirrhosis patients have a low total lymphocyte count. There is a relationship of total lymphocyte levels with severity of liver cirrhosis with a value of pKeywords:total lymphocyte count, liver cirrhosi

AbstrakKeamanan makanan merupakan salah satu masalah yang harus mendapatkan perhatian terutama di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia, karena bisa berdampak buruk terhadap kesehatan. Penyebabnya adalah masih rendahnya pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan tanggung jawab produsen pangan terhadap mutu dan keamanan makanan terutama pada industri kecil atau industri rumah tangga. Hal ini menyebabkan produsen sering menambahkan bahan kimia ke dalam produk makanan, salah satunya boraks. Konsumsi boraks dapat menyebabkan mual, muntah, kanker bahkan kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan identifikasi dan penentuan kadar boraks pada lontong yang dijual di Pasar Raya Padang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif yang dilakukan di Laboratorium FMIPA Universitas Andalas Padang dari bulan Januari sampai bulan Desember 2013. Identifikasi dan penentuan kadar boraks dilakukan terhadap 10 sampel lontong yang diambil secara random. Metoda yang digunakan adalah metoda titrasi dan menggunakan larutan standar NaOH. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan terhadap 10 sampel, didapatkan tidak ada satupun sampel lontong yang mengandung boraks.Kata kunci: boraks, lontong, titrasiAbstractThe food safety is one of problems that should get attention, especially in developing countries like Indonesia, because it can gives a negative impact for health. The cause is lack of knowledge, skill, and responsibility for the quality and safety of food, especially in small industries or home industry. It causes producers often add chemicals to food products, one of which borax. Consumption of borax can cause nausea, vomiting, cancer and even death. This research was to identify and determination of borax in lontong which sold at Pasar Raya Padang. This was a descriptive study at The Chemistry Laboratory, Andalas University Padang from January to December 2013. The identification and determination of borax on 10 samples of lontong taken by random. The method used is titration method using a standard solution of NaOH. The results of the research showed that 10 samples of lontong didn’t contain borax.Keywords: borax, lontong, titration

AbstrakDemam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang utama di Indonesia.Pemeriksaan nilai hematokrit dan jumlah trombosit menjadi indikator diagnosis DBD. Nilai hematokrit akan meningkat (hemokonsentrasi) karena penurunan volume plasma darah, sedangkan jumlah trombosit akan menurun (trombositopenia) akibat supresi sum-sum tulang dan munculnya antibodi terhadap trombosit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan nilai hematokrit terhadap jumlah trombosit pada penderita demam berdarah dengue. Telah dilakukan penelitian retrospektif terhadap 112 pasien DBD di RSUP DR. M. Djamil Padang periode Juli 2012-Juni 2013. Data yang diambil dari Instalasi Rekam Medis adalah nilai hematokrit dan jumlah trombosit yang diperiksa dengan menggunakan alat otomatis Pentra-60. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan rata-rata jumlah trombosit saat masuk rumah sakit adalah 49.627±38.141 sel/mm3, sedangkan rata-rata nilai hematokrit saat masuk rumah sakit adalah 45,1±6,1%. Analisis data untuk mencari hubungan nilai hematokrit terhadap jumlah trombosit saat masuk rumah sakit, didapatkan nilai koefisien korelasi Spearman (r) sebesar -0,115 dan nilai signifikasi p>0,05. Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah terdapat peningkatan nilai hematokrit dan penurunan jumlah trombosit.Kata kunci: demam berdarah dengue, nilai hematokrit, jumlah trombositAbstractDengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a major public health problem in Indonesia. Examination of hematocrit values and platelet counts as indicators of dengue diagnosis. Hematocrit value will increase (hemoconcentration) due to a decrease in volume of blood plasma, while the platelet count will decrease (thrombocytopenia) due to bone marrow suppression and the appearance of antibodies against platelets. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship of hematocrit value on platelet counts in patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever. A retrospective study of 112 patients of dengue in the RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang period July 2012-June 2013. Data was taken from the Installation of Medical Record is the value of hematocrit and platelet, then data were examined using automated tools Pentra-60. Then the data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation test. The results of this study found the average platelet count on admission was 49.627±38.141 cells/mm3, while the average hematocrit value on admission was 45,1±6,1%. Data analysis was then performed to find the relationship of hematocrit value of the platelet count on admission, obtained Spearman correlation coefficient (r) of -0,115 and a significance value of p>0,05. It can be concluded that there is an increase in hematocrit and decrease of platelet counts.Keywords: dengue hemorrhagic fever, hematocrit value, platelet counts

OBJECTIVE: In Malaysia, futsal is a popular sport played by individuals across all ages and genders. Despite its popularity, information on futsal related injury in Malaysia is not available. The purpose of this study is to examine the injury incidence and injury patterns among amateur men and women futsal players in Malaysia. METHODS: Players reported injury to the tournament medical team during the FELDA/FAM National Futsal League 2010 were interviewed and assessed by a Sports Medicine registrar. Player's socio-demographic profiles and information about the injury were documented in the injury report form adapted from medical report form used by FIFA: Medical Assessment and Research Centre (F-Marc). RESULTS: A total of 86 injuries were reported from 141 matches, equivalent to an incidence of 91.5 injuries per 1000 player hours (95% CI 72.2 to 110.8), or 61.0 injuries per 1000 player matches (95% CI 48.1 to 73.9). Most were minor injuries resulted from contact with another player. Injuries often involved the lower extremity (44%) followed by the trunk (14%) and the upper limb (13%). Ankle (n = 7; 39%) and knee (n = 6; 33%) sprains were the most prevalent diagnoses of time-loss injuries. A significant association between time-loss and type of injury was found χ2 (1,N = 86) = 3.99, p = 0.04. In addition, time-loss injury was significantly associated with playing surface χ2 (1,N = 86) = 10.11, p = 0.018. CONCLUSION: The injury rate during the FELDA/FAM National Amateur Futsal Men's League in Malaysia was lower compared with previous Futsal World Cups competition. Most injuries resulted from contact with another player were minor and did not lead to time-loss from participation. Time-loss injury was significantly associated with type of injury and playing surface.

In adults, heart rate recovery is a predictor of mortality, while in adolescents it is associated with cardio-metabolic risk factors. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between body composition measures and heart rate recovery (HRR) after step test in Malaysian secondary school students.In the Malaysian Health and Adolescents Longitudinal Research Team (MyHEART) study, 1071 healthy secondary school students, aged 13 years old, participated in the step test. Parameters for body composition measures were body mass index z-score, body fat percentage, waist circumference, and waist height ratio. The step test was conducted by using a modified Harvard step test. Heart rate recovery of 1 minute (HRR1min) and heart rate recovery of 2 minutes (HRR2min) were calculated by the difference between the peak pulse rate during exercise and the resting pulse rate at 1 and 2 minutes, respectively. Analysis was done separately based on gender. Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the association between the HRR parameters with body composition measures, while multiple regression analysis was used to determine which body composition measures was the strongest predictor for HRR.For both gender groups, all body composition measures were inversely correlated with HRR1min. In girls, all body composition measures were inversely correlated with HRR2min, while in boys all body composition measures, except BMI z-score, were associated with HRR2min. In multiple regression, only waist circumference was inversely associated with HRR2min (p=0.024) in boys, while in girls it was body fat percentage for HRR2min (p=0.008).There was an inverse association between body composition measurements and HRR among apparently healthy adolescents. Therefore, it is important to identify cardio-metabolic risk factors in adolescent as an early prevention of consequent adulthood morbidity. This reiterates the importance of healthy living which should start from young.