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Abstract Background Long-term deterioration in the mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs) has been reported during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Determining the impact of COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates on the mental health of HCWs is essential to prepare for potential new pandemics. This study aimed to investigate the association of COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates with depressive symptoms over 2 years among HCWs in 20 countries during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This was a multi-country serial cross-sectional study using data from the first and second survey waves of the COVID-19 HEalth caRe wOrkErS (HEROES) global study. The HEROES study prospectively collected data from HCWs at various health facilities. The target population included HCWs with both clinical and non-clinical roles. In most countries, healthcare centers were recruited based on convenience sampling. As an independent variable, daily COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates were calculated using confirmed cases and deaths reported by Johns Hopkins University. These rates represent the average for the 7 days preceding the participants’ response date. The primary outcome was depressive symptoms, assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. A multilevel linear mixed model (LMM) was conducted to investigate the association of depressive symptoms with the average incidence and mortality rates. Results A total of 32,223 responses from the participants who responded to all measures used in this study on either the first or second survey, and on both the first and second surveys in 20 countries were included in the analysis. The mean age was 40.1 (SD = 11.1), and 23,619 responses (73.3%) were from females. The 9323 responses (28.9%) were nurses and 9119 (28.3%) were physicians. LMM showed that the incidence rate was significantly and positively associated with depressive symptoms (coefficient = 0.008, standard error 0.003, p = 0.003). The mortality rate was significantly and positively associated with depressive symptoms (coefficient = 0.049, se = 0.020, p = 0.017). Conclusions This is the first study to show an association between COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates with depressive symptoms among HCWs during the first 2 years of the outbreak in multiple countries. This study’s findings indicate that additional mental health support for HCWs was needed when the COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates increase during and after the early phase of the pandemic, and these findings may apply to future pandemics. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04352634.

Background Healthcare workers have played a crucial role in preventing and controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the heightened risk of infection and intense work schedules have not only induced occupational burnout among them but also significantly impacted their mental health and lifestyles. A large number of foreign studies have shown that the COVID-19 pandemic has led to unreasonable diet, reduced exercise, irregular work and rest, and decreased sleep quality among HCWs, increasing the risk of overweight and obesity. Despite this, research on weight and lifestyle changes among Chinese healthcare workers during the pandemic is limited, and the key lifestyle factors contributing to these weight changes remain unclear. Objective To analyze the predictors of overweight and obesity in Chinese healthcare workers by constructing a Bayesian network model, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of overweight and obesity. Methods In August 2022, Chinese healthcare workers in 100 medical institutions from five provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities were randomly sampled, and the questionnaire (Cronbach's α=0.820, AVCR=63.55%) was prepared by the researchers to collect data. All respondents were required to scan QR code generated by the "Wenjuanxing" to answer the e-questionnaire and submit. The "bnlearn" package of R 4.3.0 software was used to construct a Bayesian network model, and Netica 6.09 software was used for Bayesian network risk prediction. Results The study surveyed a total of 20 261 healthcare workers, of whom females accounted for 67.57% (13 690/20 261) ; The average age was (40.2±9.2) years old; 73.28% (14 848/20 261) had a college or undergraduate education level. In 2019 and 2022, the overweight/obesity rates were 43.06% (8 726/20 261) and 45.71% (9 262/20 261), respectively. From 2019 to 2022, 12.64% (1 458/11 535) of survey respondents' BMI changed from underweight/normal to overweight/obese. The Bayesian network model included a total of 15 nodes, and the amount of consumption of vegetables and fruits, breakfast frequency, alcohol drinking, and appetite were the parent nodes of BMI changing from underweight/normal to overweight/obesity, and when there were "a reduction" in the consumption of vegetables and fruits, "no change" in frequency of eating breakfast, alcohol drinking consumption "no change", and "a great increase" in the appetite the risk of BMI changing from underweight/normal to overweight/obese was the highest (75.00%). And when there were "a great increase" in consumption of vegetables and fruits, "an increase" in the frequency of eating breakfast, "never or rarely" in alcohol drinking and "a reduction" in appetite, the risk of becoming overweight/obese was the lowest (2.04%) . Conclusion Consumption of vegetables and fruits, eating breakfast frequently, drinking alcohol and appetite are the direct predictors of overweight/obesity of Chinese healthcare workers. During the epidemic of major infectious diseases such as the COVID-19, on the premise of ensuring the normal operation of medical and health institutions, a reasonable rotation system is implemented to provide psychological support and lifestyle behavior intervention services, which is conducive to the prevention and control of obesity of healthcare workers.

Abstract Background Vaccination of healthcare workers (HCWs) is pivotal in decreasing the incidence of contagious infections in hospital settings. In this study, we assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding HCWs’ recommended vaccines among medical students and interns in Egypt. Methods A multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured, pilot-tested, and self-administered questionnaire among Egyptian medical students and interns. We invited 1332 participants to our survey using a systematic random sampling that included participants across nine medical schools in Egypt during the 2021–2022 academic year. Results Out of 1332 participants, 1141 completed our questionnaire with a response rate of 85.7%. Overall, 43% of the participants had intermediate knowledge (knew 2–3 HCWs’ recommended vaccines). Furthermore, 36.7% had received a booster dose of at least one of the HCWs’ recommended vaccines over the last 10 years, with only 6.1% having received all recommended vaccines. Hepatitis B vaccine was the most widely known (71%) and received (66.7%). Interns were more likely to know, receive, and recommend HCWs’ recommended vaccines. The majority (> 90%) agreed that vaccination is beneficial and safe, with a median score of eight (interquartile range [IQR: Q25-Q75]: 7–9) out of ten for vaccine efficacy and eight (IQR: 7–8) for safety. However, the median score for hesitancy was five (IQR: 2–7). The most common influential and limiting factors for vaccination were scientific facts (60.1%) and fear of vaccine side effects (44.9%). Conclusion Although medical students in Egypt have good knowledge of and attitudes towards vaccination, there is a gap in their practices. Interventions are needed to improve vaccination uptake among medical students in Egypt.

Background and aims: The COVID-19 pandemic emerged in late 2019 with increased infection and mortality rates. Even with observing safety measures, medical staff have to deal with a high level of mental and physical pressure during an epidemic, and they might demonstrate diverse behaviors rooted in their experiences and emotions toward the situation. The paper examines different experiences and emotions of medical staff dealing with COVID-19 in Ilam, Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with the participation of 200 care providers in 2020. Data was gathered using two questionnaires: the scale of positive and negative emotions (SPANE) and the positive and negative affect scale (PANAS). Data analyses were done in STATA12 using linear regression models. Results: The mean score of positive emotion in ICU, general, maternity, and administrative wards in women were 32±6.23, 34.07±6.74, 35.35±9.24, and 35.61±6.91 respectively. The mean scores of Negative emotions in the Maternity ward and administrative departments were higher than in the ICU and CCU wards (P=0.05). The midwives’ mean negative emotions score was lower than the physician’s (P value

ObjectiveTo investigate the current status and influencing factors of hand hygiene practices among primary healthcare workers， and to provide a reference for improving hand hygiene behavior in primary healthcare institutions.MethodsA self-designed questionnaire was used to conduct a survey among medical staff of seven community health service centers in Jiading District， Shanghai， using a cluster random sampling method. The data collected were subjected to descriptive statistics， reliability and validity tests， correlation analysis， and structural equation model fitting.ResultsA statistical difference in hand hygiene compliance was found among medical staff with varying occupational types and educational levels （P

ObjectiveTo investigate the levels of serum antibodies against novel coronavirus （SARS-CoV-2） in healthcare workers after one month of natural infection， to explore the influencing factors and their correlations with the levels of antibodies， and to provide reference for strengthening the protection of healthcare workers and preventive intervention in Pudong New Area in Shanghai.MethodsVenous blood samples were collected from 1 102 medical staff in Pudong hospitals one month after infection. The serum levels of new coronavirus specific antibodies IgM， IgG and neutralizing antibodies were detected by chemiluminescent immunoassay. The information of gender， age， position， infection severity， vaccination， basic diseases and use of immunosuppressants were obtained by questionnaire to explore the influencing factors and their correlation with the antibody level.ResultsOne month after natural infection， 99.00% （1 091/1 102） of the subjects were found to be positive for IgG antibody against the new coronavirus， 17.79% （196/1 102） of the subjects were IgM antibody positive， and 99.00% （1 091/1 102） of the samples were positive for the neutralizing antibody. The level of antibody might be influenced by the severity of infection， the time of the last dose of vaccination， and the long-term use of immunosuppressants. The more severe the disease， the stronger the neutralizing antibody response. The antibody level in the people who received the final dose of vaccine within 6 months was higher than that of the people who received the vaccine 6 months ago， and the difference was statistically significant. The antibody levels were low in the subjects who received long-term immunosuppressants.ConclusionThe specific IgM， IgG and neutralizing antibody were found， one month after infection， in the medical workers in Pudong New Area， Shanghai， and the antibody titers were high， which had a good protective effect. The antibody level of the people who were vaccinated within 6 months was higher， it is recommended that people who receive the last vacination more than 6 months should be re-vaccinated with the booster vaccine， to improve the autoimmunity against the novel coronavirus.

ObjectiveTo describe the epidemic characteristics of COVID-19 after policy adjustment from “Category B notifiable disease with category A management” to “Category B notifiable disease with category B management”， and to explore the protective effect of previous infection with SARS-CoV-2 on common symptoms of reinfection.MethodsHealthcare workers infected with SARS-CoV-2 in a grade A tertiary hospital in Shanghai were included in the study from December 4， 2022 to January 11， 2023. Data on demographic characteristics， clinical symptoms， medical history， and COVID-19 vaccination history were collected. We determined the epidemiological curve and characteristics， and then compared the difference in the severity of clinical symptoms between primary and reinfection subjects.ResultsA total of 2 704 cases were included in the study， of which 45 had reinfection， 605 （22.4%）were males， 608 （22.5%）were doctors， 1 275 （47.2%） were nurses， and 2 351 （86.9%） received ≥3 doses of COVID-19 vaccination. The average age of these healthcare workers was （34.9±9.1） years old. The number of cases with mild/moderate illness， asymptomatic infection， fever， headache， dry cough， expectoration， and chest tightness were 2 704 （100.0%）， 92 （3.4%）， 2 385 （88.2%）， 2 066 （76.4%）， 1 642 （60.7%）， 1 807 （66.8%）， and 439 （16.2%）， respectively. Reinfection was a protective factor for fever （OR=0.161， P

Abstract Background and Aims Job satisfaction of healthcare workers from conventional and university hospitals (or teaching hospitals) might be different due to several factors, for example medical staff required to carry out multiple clinical and teaching tasks simultaneously. Our study aimed to determine how the job satisfaction among healthcare workers in university hospitals is different from those in conventional hospitals. Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted by using the validated and contextualized job satisfaction tool for the Vietnamese context to survey 216 healthcare workers at a university hospital in Vietnam from January to March 2020 with online Google forms. Results The results indicated low overall job satisfaction (43.1%) in our study university hospital with the score cutoff of 80%. However, healthcare workers still reported high job satisfaction rates in certain aspects, such as personal empathy (70.8%), discipline, and reward (67.6%), co‐worker collaboration (65.3%), training and promotion (63%), workplace environment (57.4%), and salary and allowance (44.9%). Subgroup analysis revealed statistically significant differences in job satisfaction (p

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has attracted all the attention due to the loss of workforce and deaths that it has caused in the world and in our country. Vaccine and drug studies are still going on to control the virus. The effectiveness of the vaccines is very important to apply in to conclude the pandemic. For this reason, we investigated the incidence of COVID-19 disease in the seasonal waves of autumn and spring in health personnel of Samsun Education and Research Hospital (SERH). METHODS: Health personnel diagnosed with PCR+, COVID-19 who applied to SERH occupational medicine unit between September 2020 and June 2021 were retrospectively scanned. Age, gender, occupational groups, working units, and vaccination status were examined. RESULTS: With the start of vaccination of risky groups in Türkiye, the first dose of COVID-19 vaccine was administered to health personnel in February 2021. A total of 854 health personnel were infected with COVID-19 in the date range were determined. Between September 1, 2020, and January 30, 2021, 659 (77.2%) patients were identified, who have not been vaccinated for COVID-19. After January 30, 2021, until June 31, 2021, 195 (22.8%). It was determined that the hospital staff caught COVID-19. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It was observed that the spring season of 2021 peak in Türkiye and Samsun province showed a more aggressive course than 2020 autumn season peak. It was determined that fewer health personnel were caught COVID-19 during the 3rd wave compared to the 2nd wave in the health personnel of SERH and vaccination has been shown to reduce the prevalence of COVID-19 infection. It has also been shown that the prevalence of contracting COVID-19 infection is the highest in the emergency room.

AbstractIntroduction Healthcare workers (HCWs) are on the frontlines of the COVID-19 pandemic, putting them at a higher risk of infection and disease than non-HCWs. We analysed the effects of government policies for the public and for HCWs on the likelihood of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and mortality among HCWs during the first 8 months of the pandemic in Jakarta province, the capital city and COVID-19 hotspot in Indonesia.Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study using secondary data from the Jakarta provincial government from March to October 2020, which included sociodemographic characteristics, symptoms, comorbidities and COVID-19 diagnosis history for all cases. A generalized linear mixed-effect regression model was used to determine the effect of each month on the odds ratio (OR) of COVID-19 cases and deaths for HCW compared with non-HCW, assuming that monthly trends were influenced by varying government policies.Results A total of 894,487 suspected and confirmed COVID-19 cases in health facilities in Jakarta province were analysed. The OR of confirmed cases for HCW was 2.04 (95% CI 2.00–2.08; p

Abstract Backgrounds The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in not only significant mortalities in Vietnam but has had an impact on its economy. Previous studies have highlighted how the pandemic has had a marginal impact on Vietnamese healthcare workers working at the frontlines. To date, there have been several other studies examining the impact of COVID-19 on intentions to transition between jobs among healthcare professionals, but this has yet to be explored amongst Vietnamese healthcare workers. Methods To achieve the study’s objectives an online cross-sectional study was conducted between September to November 2021. Snowball sampling methodology was adopted for the recruitment of participants. The questionnaire that was used for this study comprised of the following sections: (a) socio-demographic information; (b) impact of COVID-19 on work; (c) risk of exposure to COVID-19; (d) career choices/intentions to change job, and (e) motivation at work. Results There were 5727 completed the entire survey. 17.2% of the respondents have had increased job satisfaction, 26.4% reported increased motivation to work, and 40.9% reported decreased motivation to work. Whilst there were changes in the daily work intensity and the level of work-related stress, more than 60% of respondents we sampled did not intend to switch careers. Demographic variables like gender, whether one was a student or an existing healthcare worker, and income related to work motivation. The community’s stigma was a negative factor that declined intrinsic motivation as well as decreased work retention. Conclusions Our study is instrumental in identifying the impact of COVID-19 on career choices amongst Vietnamese healthcare workers. The factors identified have clear implications for policymaking.

Sick building syndrome (SBS) is defined as symptoms that occur while living or working in a certain building but disappear after moving away from the environment. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of indoor air pollutants on the health of employees, the prevalence of SBS in healthcare workers at the university hospital, its relationship with environmental and personal factors and the respiratory system. A questionnaire was applied to 951 healthcare workers who agreed to participate in the study. Having at least one general, one mucosal and one skin symptom every week in the last 3 months was accepted as SBS. Temperature, CO and CO2 levels and relative humidity were measured in different areas of the hospital. The prevalence of SBS was 62.1%. There was a statistically significant relationship between SBS and having a chronic disease (p [Med-Science 2023; 12(1.000): 87-93]

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected Madagascar, Cameroon, and the Central African Republic (CAR), with each experiencing multiple waves by mid-2022. This study aimed to evaluate immunity against SARS-CoV-2 strains Wuhan (W) and BA.2 (BA.2) among healthcare workers (HCWs) in these countries, focusing on vaccination and natural infection effects. Methods: HCWs’ serum samples were analyzed for neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against W and BA.2 variants, with statistical analyses comparing responses between countries and vaccination statuses. Results: Madagascar showed significantly higher nAb titers against both strains compared to CAR and Cameroon. Vaccination notably increased nAb levels against W by 2.6-fold in CAR and 1.8-fold in Madagascar, and against BA.2 by 1.6-fold in Madagascar and 1.5-fold in CAR. However, in Cameroon, there was no significant difference in nAb levels between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. Conclusion: This study highlights the complex relationship between natural and vaccine-induced immunity, emphasizing the importance of assessing immunity in regions with varied epidemic experiences and low vaccination rates.

Examining the workload and working conditions of healthcare workers is crucial regarding the quality of the work life of employees and the quality of services provided. This study aims to determine the effects of the perceptions of workload on the quality of work life of health personnel working in two different tertiary hospitals affiliated with the Ministry of Health and the Higher Education Institution in Türkiye with structural equation modeling. This study was conducted in two hospitals in Malatya province: İnönü University Turgut Özal Medical Center affiliated with the Higher Education Institution and Malatya Training and Research Hospital affiliated with the Ministry of Health. The mean score of the Individual Workload Perception Scale was 106.18 ± 16.5, and the mean score of the Work-related Quality of Life Scale was 66.39 ± 15.33. Total workload scores had a statistically significant positive effect on total quality of work life scores (β1 = 0.98; p = 0.001). It was concluded that there was a statistically significant relationship between workload and quality of work life and age, unit of employment, working time in the profession, and hospital type.

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the presence of occupational burnout among full-time employed doctors of all ranks at the Mankweng and Pietersburg tertiary academic hospitals in South Africa’s Limpopo province. Methods: A quantitative, observational study was conducted firstly to determine whether burnout was present among medical doctors at these institutions and, secondly, to quantify the amount of burnout in those affected. Data collection was done using structured questionnaires. All ranks of medical doctors from various departments participated in the study, resulting in a total sample size of 150. Results: The study revealed that occupational burnout was present at these institutions, with an overall prevalence of 36%. When compared to other studies conducted at public sector hospitals in South Africa, this figure appears to fall within the middle range. However, different studies have used different criteria to measure burnout. Conclusion: Currently, there is too much variation in the criteria of burnout among different studies, making comparisons difficult. More studies are needed to standardise the measurement of burnout. Contribution: The main contribution of the research is to understand the extent of burnout at the tertiary hospital in Limpopo province.

Background: Studies in different communities have shown significant differences in IgG antibody titers in the time period after the first and second doses of the vaccines. This study aimed to serologically evaluate the IgG anti-spike antibody titer five months after injection of the second COVID-19 vaccine in healthcare workers.Materials and method: This study was performed in healthcare personnel for whom five months had passed since their second anti-Covid-19 vaccination. The level of IgG antibody against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was measured by ELISA. Healthcare workers in Mofid Children’s hospital received three brands of vaccines: Sputnik V, Sinopharm, and AstraZeneca.Results: The mean titer of anti-spike IgG was 4.3±2.29 units. The percentage of positive cases of the antibody was estimated to be 96.4%. The titer of anti-spike IgG antibody was dependent on both the occupational area and a positive history of Covid-19 disease.Conclusion: About 96.4% of the staff vaccinated against Covid-19 had a high titer of anti-spike IgG antibody even five months after inoculation of the second dose. The field of occupational can affect the level of antibody present

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) in India is a major public health problem. Government of India has committed to end TB by 2025 through its National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme. Awareness about tuberculosis especially among healthcare workers (HCWs) is considered crucial for the success of the program. Objective: The study aimed to assess TB awareness level among HCWs (other than the medical officers) and other employees. Methods: The study was carried out in a large city in Uttar Pradesh, India, from Jul 2021 to Dec 2021. Study population included all employees of the hospital except medical officers. The employees other than the HCWs provided the inbuilt comparison group. Data were collected using structured interviewer-administered questionnaires which included questions related to cause, mode of transmission, organ involvement, preventive, and treatment aspects of TB. Data were analyzed using STATA 17.0 statistical software. Results: Out of 244 study subjects, 128 (52.5%) were HCWs and 116 (47.5%) were other than HCWs. More than 80% of HCWs correctly knew that TB was a communicable disease that spread through air; most commonly affected lungs; was preventable as well as treatable; and the Govt. of India provided free of cost medicine to all TB patients. The overall awareness level among HCWs and Others was 74.5% and 66.0%, respectively. Compared to Others, HCWs were found more aware about 9 out of 10 aspects included in the questionnaire. The difference was found statistically significant in 4 out of 10 aspects. Conclusion: TB awareness among HCWs was found better than other hospital employees.

Background and purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in an uncontrolled disease burden on healthcare workers (HCWs) worldwide. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and severity of COVID-19 in HCWs of selected hospitals in Mazandaran province and examine the association between COVID-19 and missed opportunities of HCWs. Materials and methods: In this retrospective descriptive-analytical study, 1105 HCWs in Qaemshahr Razi Hospital and Sari Fatemeh-Zahra Hospital were studied between February 2020 and June 2020. In order to evaluate the frequency and severity of the disease, clinical and paraclinical manifestations were recorded by a trained HCW. Data were analyzed in SPSS V18. Results: The frequency of COVID-19 was 16.19% among HCWs. The patients included 113 (63.13%) nurses, 47(26.26%) service providers and administrative personnel, and 19(10.61%) physicians. Duration of sick leave was found to be significantly associated with severity of COVID-19 (P=0.006). This length was also significantly associated with the job and was longer in nurses (P=0.013). Our findings revealed a significant relationship between the level of adherence to personal protective equipment (PPE) and the severity of COVID-19 (P=0.001). Conclusion: COVID-19 could exert remarkable impact on the quality of work in HCWs, especially among nurses. Effective training of HCWs regarding PPE instructions results in suitable protection against severe forms of the disease.

Background: The Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak of 2014–2016 in West Africa was the world’s deadliest to date, and the World Health Organization declared it an international health emergency. It adversely affected the health system with many healthcare workers (HCWs) being worried about going to work. Objective: This study therefore aimed at determining the willingness of HCWs to report to work in an outbreak of EVD. Materials and Methods: A semi-structured, self-administered, questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 360 doctors, nurses, and medical laboratory workers in public and private health facilities in Enugu Metropolis. Results: Seventy-three percent (73%) of our respondents were willing to report to work during an outbreak of EVD. Nurses were about five times more likely to be willing to work than other categories of staff [odd ratio (OR) = 4.999; confidence interval (CI)= 2.15–11.597; P < 0.001] and female HCWs were about 1.3 times more likely to be willing to work than males during an EVD outbreak (OR =1.275; CI=0.743–2.815; P = 0.049). Availability of vaccination for healthcare staff (88.6%) and family members (79.2%) were the greatest personal and family-related motivating factors for willingness to work, whereas the provision of antiviral treatment for staff with unprotected exposure to an ill patient (78.1%) was the greatest work motivating factor. However, passion for work surpassed increased remuneration (61.4%) as a personal motivating factor for HCWs willingness to report to work during an EVD outbreak. Conclusion: Our study showed that HCWs were largely willing to work during an EVD outbreak. Personal vaccination for staff and family members and provision of antivirals were the major motivating factors.

In this article, we analyze the image of healthcare and health professionals in the Russian television media agenda before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and determine the frequency and content of health-related news reports on federal and regional evening newscasts for 2019–2021 (by the example of two news programs—Vremya, Channel One, and Vesti. Don, channel Russia-1). Content analysis of news reports was conducted by the Southern Federal University research team (Rostov-on-Don, Russia) in the course of the RFBR-supported research project on social well-being of the medical community in a complex epidemiological situation. Altogether, we have analyzed 1096 evening Vremya newscasts and 784 Vesti. Don newscasts. The sample set included 244 Vremya news items (about 19% of the total number), and 152 Vesti. Don news items (about 17%, respectively). The sampling was random mechanical (with a certain preset interval). The coded categories and units of analysis were registered as cards, one card per each news item. As the categories for analysis, we have selected topic, genre, nature, locality, length, central figure in a news piece, and presence of a challenge or a problem situation. Unit of count—news piece. On both federal and regional television in general, there was a significant increase in the number of news stories on healthcare from 2019 to 2021. In 2020 and 2021, the thematic angle has changed radically towards the news on the pandemic of a 2019 coronavirus disease and vaccination against it. It should be noted that the main heroes of health-related news reports were and still are neither doctors, nor patients, but representatives of the authorities and Rospotrebnadzor; the share of reports about ordinary doctors was decreasing; with the launch of COVID-19 vaccination, the number of news items featuring mid-level health professionals went up; on the other hand, as COVID-19 was spreading, scientists and inventors appeared in health-related news less frequently, especially in regional news; the pandemic has significantly shifted the focus from child patients to adults, and especially to the elderly. В статье анализируется образ медицины и медицинских работников в российской телевизионной медиаповестке до и в период пандемии COVID-19, определяется частота появления и содержание ТВ сюжетов на медицинские темы на основании материалов проведенного контент-анализа новостных вечерних выпусков федерального и регионального телевизионного вещания за 2019–2021 гг. (на примере программы Vremya (Channel One) и программы Vesti. Don (телеканал Russia-1)). Контент-анализ новостных сюжетов 2019–2021 гг. проведен коллективом исследователей Южного федерального университета (г. Ростов-на-Дону, Россия) в ходе реализации проекта при поддержке РФФИ на тему социального самочувствия профессионального медицинского сообщества в сложной эпидемиологической ситуации. Генеральная совокупность вечерних новостных выпусков программы Vremya насчитывает 1096, программы Vesti. Don — 784. Выборочная совокупность: Vremya — 244 сюжета на медицинскую тематику (около 19% от общего числа); Vesti.Don — 152 сюжета про медицину (около 17% соответственно). Выборка — случайная механическая (с заданным шагом). Закодированные категории и единицы анализа записывались в регистрационные карточки на каждый новостной сюжет. Категориями анализа выступили тема, жанр, характер, локальность, продолжительность, герой ТВ материала, наличие проблемы или проблемной ситуации. Единица счета — новостной сюжет. Так, на федеральном и региональном телевещании отмечается значительный рост новостных сюжетов на медицинскую тематику в период с 2019 по 2021 гг. В 2020 и 2021 гг. тематический ракурс кардинально сменился в сторону новостных сообщений про пандемию новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19 и вакцинацию от COVID-19. Отметим, что главными героями медицинских новостей были и остаются не медики и не пациенты, а представители органов власти и Роспотребнадзора; с началом прививочной кампании от COVID-19 в ТВ эфире чаще появляется средний медицинский персонал; реже с началом пандемии в сюжетах появляются герои — ученые, изобретатели, особенно в региональных новостях; с началом пандемии COVID-19 фокус внимания заметно смещается с пациентов детей на взрослых, и особенно — на людей пожилых.

OBJECTIVES This study examined the association between lack of compensation for COVID-19-related overtime work (LCCOW) and burnout among emergency medical service (EMS) providers in Seoul, Korea. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 693 EMS providers in Seoul, Korea. Participants were classified into 3 groups according to their experience of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related overtime work and LCCOW: (1) “did not experience,” (2) “experienced and was compensated,” and (3) “experienced and was not compensated.” Burnout was measured using the Korean version of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, which has 3 subdomains: personal burnout (PB), work-related burnout (WRB), and citizen-related burnout (CRB). Multiple linear regression was applied to examine whether LCCOW was associated with burnout after adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS In total, 74.2% of participants experienced COVID-19-related overtime work, and 14.6% of those who worked overtime experienced LCCOW. COVID-19-related overtime work showed a statistically non-significant association with burnout. However, the association differed by LCCOW. Compared to the “did not experience” group, the “experienced and was not compensated” group was associated with PB (β=10.519; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.455 to 17.584), WRB (β=10.339; 95% CI, 3.398 to 17.280), and CRB (β=12.290; 95% CI, 6.900 to 17.680), whereas no association was observed for the “experienced and was compensated” group. Furthermore, an analysis restricted to EMS providers who worked overtime due to COVID-19 showed that LCCOW was associated with PB (β=7.970; 95% CI, 1.064 to 14.876), WRB (β=7.276; 95% CI, 0.270 to 14.283), and CRB (β=10.000; 95% CI, 3.435 to 16.565). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that LCCOW could be critical in worsening burnout among EMS providers who worked overtime due to COVID-19.

Risk for transmission of monkeypox virus (MPXV) (clade IIb) to healthcare workers (HCWs) is low. Although many cases have been reported among HCW, only a few have been occupationally acquired. We report a case of non–needle stick MPXV transmission to an HCW in the United States.

Healthcare workers (HCWs) embody the principles of hand hygiene and protective attire to support self- and patient safety, but the materials involved in this process are found to be offending agents. The incidence of occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) among HCWs keeps increasing. This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness, investigate the outcome and clinical skin condition improvement with the implementation of primary preventive measures (PPM), specifically: barrier cream, emollient, moisturiser, gloves use, and education. All relevant literature about PPM against OCD among HCWs published between 1995 to 2020 was searched. The data search was performed using the PUBMED, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect databases. There were 16 studies comprised of 8 randomised controlled trials (RCTs), 7 clinical trials, and one comparative study. The study results showed that using barrier cream, moisturiser or emollient, gloves, and education were effective tools in reducing the number of clinical symptoms in cases of OCD. There was no significant difference in the effect between barrier cream use and moisturiser or emollient. The gloves were advised to be used non-latex gloves or powder-free latex gloves. Education was also observed to improve preventive behaviour among workers. The use of barrier cream, emollient, moisturiser, and gloves is recommended to be educated to ascertain the proper use of preventive measures, increase knowledge and awareness, and promote positive preventive behaviour.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of mask acne in general population and healthcare workers, and the association of acne breakout due to mask-wearing with different factors. Method: The prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2022 at the Dermatology Department of Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and comprised patients of both genders of all ages who received acne treatment during the period. Data was collected using a self-designed questionnaire having Cronbach's alpha value 0.789 which was filled by the subjects. Data was analysed using SPSS 19. Result: Of the 200 subjects, 152(76%) were females and 48(24%) were males. The overall mean age was 25.50±8.49 years. There were 122(61%) non-healthcare workers and 76(38%) were healthcare workers. Acne was prevalent in 157(78.5%) participants, and, of them, 123(78.3) were females. Significant association of acne breakout due to mask-wearing was found with regular mask change habit (p

Objective During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the N95 mask is an essential piece of protective equipment for healthcare workers. However, the N95 mask may inhibit air exchange and odor penetration. Our study aimed to determine whether the use of N95 masks affects the odor discrimination ability of healthcare workers. Methods In our study, all the participants were asked to complete three olfactory tests. Each test involved 12 different odors. The participants completed the test while wearing an N95 mask, a surgical mask, and no mask. The score for each olfactory test was documented. Results The olfactory test score was significantly lower when the participants wore N95 masks than when they did not wear a mask (7 vs. 10, p

Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) have a high risk of catching SARS-CoV-2 infection. Seroprevalence studies can provide related data on HCWs with a history of infections. Despite numerous seroepidemiological reports of COVID-19 in different groups, there are no such reports for HCWs working in Rafsanjan City, Iran. This study aimed to determine the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among HCWs. Methods: Blood samples were obtained from 295 participants, including healthcare personnel and administrative staff. The SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody was measured by the ELISA method, and the obtained data were analyzed with the Chi-square test and logistic regression. A P

Introduction: Amidst the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is mandatory for healthcare workers to remain protected against infection. The present study was undertaken to evaluate challenges faced by the healthcare workers while using level 3 PPE. Methods: This hospital-based study was conducted among resident doctors selected by convenience sampling method using a pretested, semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire after getting informed consent from the participants to collect data on the somatic, psychological, and technical problems faced while working in PPE. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was done between outcome variables and other independent variables to check for the association. Results: Of the total, 252 resident doctors completed the survey, their age ranged from 22 to 36 years with 140 (55.6%) males and 112 (44.4%) females. One-twenty-nine (51.2%) residents were trained to work in ICU, 73 (29%) participants used PPE ≤10 times and the rest 179 (71%) used PPE more than 10 times. The difficulties faced were as follows: visual impairment (n = 244, 96.8%), headache (n = 226, 89.6%), breathing difficulty (n = 216, 85.7%), hearing impairment (n = 201, 79.8%), sweating (n = 242, 96%), and fear of being infected (n = 156,61.9%). Two-thirty-six (93.6%) participants felt that overall work quality reduced due to PPE. Headache, hunger, urge to micturate, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and need to change the timing of medication or diet were higher with increased duration of work with PPE. Conclusion: A longer duration of work is associated with headache, hunger, anxiety, and sleep disturbances. More research has to be done to improve the PPE to reduce problems like visual impairment, skin irritation, sweating, and breathing difficulty.

Background: Since the novel SARS-CoV-2 has been detected and the ensuing pandemic, the search for a cure or prevention has been the only target of the medical fraternity. As the second wave racked havoc, vaccines seemed to be the only viable option to stop this global surge. World Health Organization (WHO) and subsequently the Government of India have issued emergency use authorization to two vaccines. Our study aims to estimate the prevalence of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and identify predictors of antibody titers in vaccinated healthcare workers in VIMSAR, Burla. Methods: This is a part of the ongoing, repeated cross-sectional study. Participants were enrolled well above the sample size (322) to increase precision. Two rounds of the survey were conducted and are being reported. Serum IgG antibodies against spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 were estimated using Elecsys® anti-SARS-CoV-2S is an immunoassay by ECLIA-based Cobas e411 analyzer. Univariate and multivariate regression were used in statistical analysis. Results: Our results show that 95.1% and 99.5% of the vaccinated individuals have developed antispike protein antibodies after the first and second doses, respectively. Previous COVID-19 infection was significantly correlated with antibody production, and age was negatively correlated. No difference was reported for sex, occupation, and diabetes. Conclusion: Our interim analysis report is coherent with the available literature and research regarding the high efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine as far as seroconversion is concerned.

Objective: This study was done to determine the prevalence and predictors of depression, anxiety, and stress among doctors in COVID MCH unit in Delhi. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in India among 356 doctors to evaluate the mental health of doctors working in COVID-infected maternity wards over a period of 6 months using a predesigned, semistructured Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) questionnaire which was developed on Google Forms. The predictors to stress, anxiety, and depression were subject to univariate logistic regression. Result: Out of the total 356 participants, 38.76% felt stressed, 56.46% were anxious, while 43.25% felt depressed. The mean DASS-21 score for stress, anxiety, and depression was 7.46, 4.12, and 4.29, respectively. Female gender was found to be a significant predictor of stress, anxiety, and depression. Staying with parents/children was a significant predictor for stress and living alone was found to be a significant predictor of depression. Fear of infecting their family members was the main concern among those tested positive. Conclusion: The present study has shown a significant psychological impact arising from this pandemic. Early screening targeting the medical workforce and the implementation of psychological interventions is essential for maintaining the functionality of the healthcare system.

Introduction: Till date, there is no particular medicine that has shown minimum impact on COVID-19 cases and mortality and prevention by vaccination remains the only option. Objective: This study aims to explore knowledge, attitude, and practices of healthcare workers (HCWs) toward COVID-19 vaccine. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study done on HCWs. Both online (Google forms) and offline, the study questionnaire was distributed. The questionnaire was validated and consisted of knowledge, attitude, and perception about COVID-19 questions. Results: A total of 300 HCWs were included in the study. A total of 144 (48%) of the HCWs were aged between 18 and 30 years. In addition, 191 (63.34%) participants were willing to take any COVID-19 vaccine while 20 (6.67%) are not sure of taking vaccine. A total of 208 (69.34%) felt that COVID-19 vaccine will limit the spread of infection to family members. Furthermore, 225 (75%) felt that family physicians' decision is important to take a decision on vaccination, whereas 199 (66.33%) avail COVID-19 information from government sources. Moreover, 264 (88%) felt that success will depend on general peoples' acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination. Furthermore, 77 (25.67%) said that they will not be taking COVID-19 vaccine because of side effects, 229 (76.33%) felt that vaccine safety is important, and 144 (48%) are not sure if vaccination will end the COVID 19 pandemic. Discussion: Challenges to motivate HCWs, family physician, and general population needs to be undertaken by focusing on factors like information and education, vaccine side effects, and availability of the vaccine. These all should be highlighted so that maximum population gets immunized.

Abstract During the Covid‐19 pandemic, the adverse effects of recent coronaviruses on healthcare professionals cannot be ignored. This study compared the admission rates due to Covid‐19 and characteristics of hospitalized healthcare workers with the general population of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer‐Ahmad (K.B) province. 18546 hospitalized patients infected with Covid‐19 in hospitals in four cities of K.B province were enrolled in this study; of them, 236 (1.27%) patients were healthcare workers. Demographic and clinical data of hospitalized cases due to Covid‐19 infection were collected from August 2020 to September 2021. The underlying diseases were also considered in this study. According to our findings, 55.5% of the hospitalized healthcare workers were male, and 44.5% were female; their mean age was 41.41 years. However, in the general population, hospitalization rates were higher for women than for men (51.2% and 48.8%, respectively). Although the SARS‐CoV‐2 infectivity rate was higher in healthcare workers compared to the general population (68.6% vs. 56.1%), the mortality rate was significantly lower in them (1.7% vs. 3.8%). Fever, cough, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, headache, and myalgia were the most prevalent symptoms in both groups. Among the cases examined in this study, inpatient ones aged 30–40 years and the general population aged over 60 seemed to be more likely to be hospitalized for Covid‐19. The hospitalization rate of healthcare workers during the pandemic follows the same pattern as the general population, but since the start of vaccination, this rate has decreased among healthcare workers compared to the general population of KB province.

Abstract Background Non-compliance with infection control guidelines has been reported within healthcare settings. Infection control education in undergraduate healthcare education programs forms a critical component in preparing student healthcare workers for vocational roles. Methods Clinical sciences students (nutrition science, paramedicine, pharmacy, podiatry, optometry studying for qualifications recognised by the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency) self-reported hygiene perceptions and practices and collected microbiological swabs from personal or medical equipment items before and after recommended disinfection procedures. Results Cultivable microorganisms were isolated from 95% of student medical equipment items. Disinfection significantly reduced microbial growth on student medical equipment items (P

About 3.5 million Syrians are reported to live in Turkey. Sanliurfa is one of the cities with the largest number of Syrian immigrants. The estimated number of immigrants is around 430,000. In Sanliurfa, only 17 Immigrant Health (IH) Centers provide services to such population size. In this study, the quality of life of Syrian healthcare workers working in IH Centers and the affecting factors were investigated. The population of this cross-sectional study consisted of Syrian healthcare workers working at the IH Centers in Sanliurfa. No sample was selected for the study, and the aim was to reach all the workers. Two hundred twenty-three people were contacted for the study. The participation rate was 85.4%. For data collection, the Socio-Demographic Characteristics Form and the Quality of Life Index- General Version-III were used. Of the participants, 55.9% were women, 84.1% had associate degrees and above education levels, and 92.3% were married. The mean age was 37.0±10.2. The mean quality of life score was 23.1±3.8 in total and 22.8±3.9 for the health and functionality subgroup, 21.9±4.4 for the social and economic subgroup, 24.9±5.1 for the family subgroup, and 23.6±4.8 for the psychological/mental subgroup. Health and functionality subgroup scores were significantly lower in patients with chronic diseases (p [Med-Science 2021; 10(3.000): 746-51]

Introduction: Interventions designed to improve safety culture in hospitals foster organisational environments that prevent patient safety events and support organisational and staff learning when events do occur. A safety culture supports the required health workforce behaviours and norms that enable safe patient care, and the well-being of patients and staff. The impact of safety culture interventions on staff perceptions of safety culture and patient outcomes has been established. To-date, however, there is no common understanding of what staff outcomes are associated with interventions to improve safety culture and what staff outcomes should be measured. Objectives: The study seeks to examine the effect of safety culture interventions on staff in hospital settings, globally. Methods and Analysis: A mixed methods systematic review will be conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Searches will be conducted using the electronic databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Health Business Elite, and Scopus. Returns will be screened in Covidence according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The mixed-methods appraisal tool (MMAT) will be used as a quality assessment tool. The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials and non-randomised studies of interventions will be employed to verify bias. Synthesis will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute methodological guidance for mixed methods reviews, which recommends a convergent approach to synthesis and integration. Discussion: This systematic review will contribute to the international evidence on how interventions to improve safety culture may support staff outcomes and how such interventions may be appropriately designed and implemented.

Objective: The present study aimed to describe the characteristics of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens and occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (oPEP) in Siriraj Hospital. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, retrospective cohort study was performed of healthcare workers (HCWs) who had experienced occupational injury in Siriraj Hospital in 2015. Data were extracted from the hospital database. Results: In total, 389 injury episodes were described; of which 293 (75.3%) involved female staff, and 112 (28.8%) involved nurses. The highest number of accidents (112, 28.8%) occurred in the operation room. Needlestick injury (210, 54%) was the most common injury. Overall, 94 (24.1%) HCWs received oPEP; 67 (71.2%) events carried a risk of HIV acquisition, and in 27 (28.7%) cases, the patients decided to take oPEP. Common oPEP regimens were TDF/XTC/LPV/r (33, 35.1%) and TDF/XTC/RPV (32, 34%). Nearly half of the HCWs who received an LPV/r-based oPEP regimen had gastrointestinal intolerance and switched to second-line regimens. Among those who received oPEP, 52 (77.6%) returned at 1 month and 26 (38.8%) returned at 3 months after exposure for a serology test. There was no seroconversion in this cohort. Conclusion: Occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens is a common and increasing risk of infection among HCWs. oPEP with effective antiretroviral drugs within 72 hours after exposure is the main strategy for HIV prevention. The selection of an oPEP regimen with less toxic pills should be considered for efficacy, safety, and adherence. Interventions such as a tracking system or message reminders should be implemented to improve the follow-up rate among HCWs.

In August 2022, Indonesia prioritized healthcare workers to receive the second booster dose. We conducted a sequential serosurvey to understand the dynamics of the antibody titers. The first serosurvey, which was conducted in June 2021, 1–6 months after Sinovac vaccination, showed a median antibody level of 41.4 BAU/mL (interquartile range (IQR): 10–629.4 BAU/mL). The second serosurvey was conducted one month (August 2021) after the first Moderna booster vaccine and showed a median level of 4000 BAU/mL (IQR: 3081–4000 BAU/mL). The last serosurvey was conducted a year (August 2022) after the booster and showed a median level of 4000 BAU/mL (IQR: 4000–4000 BAU/mL). In this last survey, only 39 (11.9%) of healthcare workers had antibody levels below the maximum level of 4000 BAU/mL. Thus, one year after the first booster dose, we did not observe the waning of antibody levels. The average increase was perhaps because of natural infection. Based on these considerations, we believe that a second booster dose was not necessary for this category of subjects at that time. Because vaccine supply is often limited, priority could be given to the general population or other high-risk patient groups with low antibody titers based on serological tests.

Aim: The objective of this study was to explore the potential correlation between COVID-19 infection or vaccination and levels of anti-nucleocapsid (anti-N) and anti-spike (anti-S) antibodies. Methods: Among 6050 healthcare workers at the Ege University Hospital, a cohort study with 162 participants divided into three arms with 54 participants each was conducted. The three groups were selected as follows: those diagnosed with COVID-19 and not vaccinated (group 1), those diagnosed with COVID-19 and subsequently vaccinated with CoronaVac (group 2), and those not diagnosed with COVID-19 but vaccinated with two doses of CoronaVac (group 3). Antibody levels measured at the sixth month of follow-up were defined as the primary outcome. Results: At the sixth month, all serum samples tested positive for anti-S. Anti-S levels were found to be significantly higher in group 2 than in the other groups (p < 0.001). There were no differences in antibody levels between groups 1 and 3 (p = 0.080). Average antibody levels were found to be lower in office workers and males. Anti-N antibodies were found to be positive in 85.1% of subjects at the sixth month. In group 2, anti-N antibodies were detected in all samples at the sixth month. Anti-N antibody levels were not significantly different between groups 1 and 2 (p = 0.165). Groups 1 and 2 had significantly higher antibody levels than group 3 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Vaccination or infection provide protection for at least 6 months. Those who have previously been diagnosed with COVID-19 do not need to be vaccinated in the early period before their antibody levels decrease.

Background: The administration of the third (or booster) dose of COVID-19 vaccine is important in maintaining protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection or the severity of the disease. In Indonesia, health care workers (HCWs) are among the first to receive a booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. In this study, we evaluated the antibody response and adverse events following heterologous booster vaccine using mRNA-1273 among HCWs that were fully vaccinated with inactivated viral vaccine as the priming doses. Methods: 75 HCWs at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia, participated in this study. The level of antibody against the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain was analyzed at 1, 3, and 5 months following the second priming dose and at 1, 3, and 5 months after the booster dose. Results: We found a significantly higher level of antibody response in subjects receiving a booster dose of the mRNA-1273 vaccine compared to those receiving an inactivated viral vaccine as a booster. Interestingly, participants with hypertension and a history of diabetes mellitus showed a lower antibody response following the booster dose. There was a higher frequency of adverse events following injection with the mRNA-1273 vaccine compared to the inactivated viral vaccine, although the overall adverse events were considered minor. Conclusions: A heterologous booster dose using mRNA vaccine resulted in a high antibody response; however, participants with hypertension and diabetes mellitus displayed a lower antibody response.

Background Although evidence suggests that demographic characteristics including minority ethnicity increase the risk of infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), it is unclear whether these characteristics, together with occupational factors, influence anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence in hospital staff. Methods We conducted cross-sectional surveillance examining seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG amongst staff at University Hospitals of Leicester (UHL) NHS Trust. We quantified seroprevalence stratified by ethnicity, occupation and seniority of practitioner and used logistic regression to examine demographic and occupational factors associated with seropositivity. Results A total of 1148/10662 (10.8%) hospital staff members were seropositive. Compared to White staff (seroprevalence 9.1%), seroprevalence was higher in South Asian (12.3%) and Black (21.2%) staff. The occupations and department with the highest seroprevalence were nurses/healthcare assistants (13.7%) and the Emergency Department (ED)/Acute Medicine (17.5%), respectively. Seroprevalence decreased with seniority in medical/nursing practitioners. Minority ethnicity was associated with seropositivity on an adjusted analysis (South Asian: aOR 1.26; 95%CI: 1.07–1.49 and Black: 2.42; 1.90–3.09). Anaesthetics/ICU staff members were less likely to be seropositive than ED/Acute medicine staff (0.41; 0.27–0.61). Conclusions Ethnicity and occupational factors, including specialty and seniority, are associated with seropositivity for anti-SARS-Cov-2 IgG. These findings could be used to inform occupational risk assessments for front-line healthcare workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Healthcare workers (HCW) are at risk of developing anxiety and other mental health symptoms while rendering health services during Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID 19) pandemic. Current study is probably first of its kind to quantify the anxiety levels among pediatricians along with its potential risk factors. Aim : The aim of the study was to find the prevalence of anxiety using the generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7) score among pediatricians during COVID-19 pandemic. Design This was a cross-sectional web-based survey. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from 702 pediatricians over a period of 10 days using online Electronic “Survey Monkey” questionnaire as the survey tool. Statistical Analysis Categorical variables are expressed as ratios and proportions. Numerical variables are expressed as median (range). Analysis was performed using non-parametric tests as applicable. Results: 702 pediatricians responded to the survey. Mean GAD score was 8.48 ± 5.64 and prevalence of anxiety was 72.65%. Significant anxiety was seen in 281 (40.03%). Mean GAD score was significantly high in female gender, age between 25 and 40 years, married pediatricians and among front line workers. Conclusions: This study is first of its kind from India assessing anxiety among pediatricians reflecting mental health among HCW. Female pediatricians and pediatricians who are married are at risk of having significant anxiety. We recommend formation of social support circles to maintain optimal mental health of all HCW.

Background: We aimed to measure SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in a cohort of healthcare workers (HCWs) during the first UK wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, explore risk factors associated with infection, and investigate the impact of antibody titres on assay sensitivity. Methods: HCWs at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust were prospectively enrolled and sampled at two time points. We developed an in-house ELISA for testing participant serum for SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA reactivity against Spike and Nucleoprotein. Data were analysed using three statistical models: a seroprevalence model, an antibody kinetics model, and a heterogeneous sensitivity model. Results: Our in-house assay had a sensitivity of 99·47% and specificity of 99·56%. We found that 24·4% (n=311/1275) of HCWs were seropositive as of 12th June 2020. Of these, 39·2% (n=122/311) were asymptomatic. The highest adjusted seroprevalence was measured in HCWs on the Acute Medical Unit (41·1%, 95% CrI 30·0–52·9) and in Physiotherapists and Occupational Therapists (39·2%, 95% CrI 24·4–56·5). Older age groups showed overall higher median antibody titres. Further modelling suggests that, for a serological assay with an overall sensitivity of 80%, antibody titres may be markedly affected by differences in age, with sensitivity estimates of 89% in those over 60 years but 61% in those ≤30 years. Conclusions: HCWs in acute medical units and those working closely with COVID-19 patients were at highest risk of infection, though whether these are infections acquired from patients or other staff is unknown. Current serological assays may underestimate seroprevalence in younger age groups if validated using sera from older and/or more severe COVID-19 cases.

Abstract We highlight the need for planning for mass workforce absentees as we prepare for subsequent surges. We suggest a multicomponent intervention including guiding return dates more by symptomatology and fitness for work rather than infectivity status.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 had reported over 676 million cases by March 2023. The main aim of this study is to investigate whether the levels of anti-S and anti-N antibodies could precisely indicate the degree of protection against SARS-CoV-2 and affect the probability or time of contracting COVID-19. In this study, a serosurveillance study was conducted in healthcare workers (HCWs) at a regional hospital in Taiwan to evaluate their antibody levels based on infection and vaccination status. Of 245 HCWs enrolled, all have been vaccinated prior to infection. Of these, 85 participants were infected by SARS-CoV-2, while 160 participants were not infected at the time of blood sample collection. The level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibody was significantly higher in the infected HCWs than in the non-infected participants (p < 0.001). It is worth noting that the mean duration between the administration of the last dose of the vaccine and the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 5.61 ± 2.95 months. Our follow-up survey revealed that the non-infected group had significantly higher levels of antibodies compared to the infected group (all p < 0.001). In conclusion, this study suggests that the level of antibodies could serve as a reflection of the protective efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 infection. It has the implication for vaccine decision-making policies in the future.

Introduction/Objective. In practice, for more than 10 years there has been ongoing litigation between healthcare institutions and healthcare workers, who have found that reduced working hours may be payment compensation for overtime work (on-call time, on-call duty, stand-by time). The objective of this paper was to analyze the problem and propose a solution in order to stop disputes and eliminate uncertainty. Methods. A case study method, comparative method and normative method were used in this article. Court practice has been analyzed in relation to a number of civil proceedings, as well as the opinion of the State Audit Institution of the Republic of Serbia and the Ministry of State Administration and Local Self-Government on a specific case. Results. Healthcare workers and healthcare institutions have different legal views about the right to salary supplement based on overtime work of healthcare workers who work reduced working hours. Although the court has taken a stand on the side of healthcare workers, disputes do not stop because healthcare institutions do not change their calculation method. Conclusion. The solution is to amend legal regulations that need to regulate in detail and unequivocally the manner of payment of salary supplements for healthcare workers in order to avoid any doubts and contentious situations.

Background: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is currently a global public health concern. Thorough knowledge of diagnostics of COVID-19 amongst health care professionals (HCPs) is critical for timely and accurate diagnosis. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice among HCPs related to the laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, participants completed a self-administered questionnaire on KAPs regarding COVID-19 laboratory diagnosis. Knowledge and practice scores were calculated and categorized based on the number of correct responses. Predictors of knowledge and practice scores were identified by logistic regression analyses. Results: In all, 347 HCPs participated. Most participants had an average knowledge score and suboptimal practice score. Independent predictors of getting an average knowledge score were being indirectly involved in laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 (odds ratio, OR: 2.591; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.106–6.070), and having a government website as a major source of information (OR: 6.184; 95% CI: 1.185–32.286). Of all, 66.3% thought that testing rate for COVID-19 detection in India is unsatisfactory and 67.2% feared getting infected at work due to delays in test results. Most participants (90.5%) felt that more training programs related to laboratory diagnosis are needed. Practice scores significantly differed among HCPs of opposite sexes, different professions, and different information sources. Conclusions: Our results highlight the need for planning constructive strategies to improve KAP among HCPs related to the laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19. Timely dissemination of correct information to HCPs by the health authorities is critical to win this battle against COVID-19.

Statement of the Problem: Healthcare workers (HCW) are the most vulnerable group for contracting SARS-CoV-2. Assessment of seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among HCW, thus can provide important data on pathogen exposure, infectivity, and adherence to personal protective equipment (PPE). The present study aimed at assessing SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among HCW and exploring associations with demographics, category of exposure to COVID-19 patients, preventive measures taken and relation with COVID-19 symptoms. Method of Study: HCWs with a minimum gap 2 weeks from last duty were eligible to participate in the study. The enrolled HCW were categorized into high-risk and low-risk category based on work in COVID-19 areas. HCWs SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG and IgM antibodies were detected using rapid immunochromatography test. Results: Out of 821 randomly selected HCWs, either IgM or IgG antibody was detected in 32 HCWs (32/821, 3.9%). Only IgM antibodies were detected in 14 (1.7%), only IgG was detected in 9 (1.0%), and both IgM and IgG antibodies were present in 9 HCWs. Seropositivity was significantly higher in high-risk category (5.7% vs. 2.2.%), HCWs who ever had COVID-19 related symptoms in last 3 months (5.6% vs. 2.8%), and those who had earlier tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 with real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (36.6% vs. 3.5%). Seroprevalence was highest (6.9%) among housekeeping and sanitation staff. Conclusions: Overall, low seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in our HCWs is an indicator of effective infection control practice. HCW posted in dedicated COVID ward need more stringent implementation of infection prevention measures.

Aim: Infectious disease outbreaks not only affect the physical health of patients but also affect the psychological health and well-being of the uninfected population. High rates of psychiatric symptoms and stress are observed in the general population in COVID-19 pandemic and healthcare workers (HCWs) reported higher-risk perception and anxiety level. We aimed to evaluate the anxiety levels of HCWs and their children during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey.Materials and Methods: A total of 121 HCWs and 121 HCWs’ children aged 8-17 were included from 23 different cities to assess the anxiety level of them during the COVID-19 pandemic by using an online questionnaire. The Beck Anxiety Inventory and the parent Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) were applied to all the HCWs. The child SCARED which has a self-report scale for children of the HCWs had completed. COVID-19 Pandemic Questionnaire was applied to determine stress levels and lifestyle changes.Results: All of the HCWs had mild to severe anxiety, about 17% reported moderate and 27% reported severe anxiety severity. 40 (33.06%) children were over cut-off for total score in both SCARED the parents and the child version. Children anxiety showed a positive correlation with Beck Anxiety Inventory and COVID-19 Pandemic Questionnaire (

Background: We aimed to measure SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in a cohort of healthcare workers (HCWs) during the first UK wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, explore risk factors associated with infection, and investigate the impact of antibody titres on assay sensitivity. Methods: HCWs at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust were prospectively enrolled and sampled at two time points. We developed an in-house ELISA for testing participant serum for SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA reactivity against Spike and Nucleoprotein. Data were analysed using three statistical models: a seroprevalence model, an antibody kinetics model, and a heterogeneous sensitivity model. Results: Our in-house assay had a sensitivity of 99·47% and specificity of 99·56%. We found that 24·4% (n=311/1275) of HCWs were seropositive as of 12th June 2020. Of these, 39·2% (n=122/311) were asymptomatic. The highest adjusted seroprevalence was measured in HCWs on the Acute Medical Unit (41·1%, 95% CrI 30·0–52·9) and in Physiotherapists and Occupational Therapists (39·2%, 95% CrI 24·4–56·5). Older age groups showed overall higher median antibody titres. Further modelling suggests that, for a serological assay with an overall sensitivity of 80%, antibody titres may be markedly affected by differences in age, with sensitivity estimates of 89% in those over 60 years but 61% in those ≤30 years. Conclusions: HCWs in acute medical units and those working closely with COVID-19 patients were at highest risk of infection, though whether these are infections acquired from patients or other staff is unknown. Current serological assays may underestimate seroprevalence in younger age groups if validated using sera from older and/or more severe COVID-19 cases.

Abstract Background Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at particular risk during pandemics and epidemics of highly virulent diseases with significant morbidity and case fatality rate. These diseases include severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2, Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and Ebola. With the current (SARS-CoV-2) global pandemic, it is critical to delineate appropriate contextual respiratory protection for HCWs. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs) as part of respiratory protection versus another device (egN95/FFP2) on HCW infection rates and contamination. Methods Our primary outcomes included HCW infection rates with SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, Ebola, or MERS when utilizing PAPR. We included randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, and observational studies. We searched the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and CENTRAL). Two reviewers independently screened all citations, full-text articles, and abstracted data. Due to clinical and methodological heterogeneity, we did not conduct a meta-analysis. Where applicable, we constructed evidence profile (EP) tables for each individual outcome. Confidence in cumulative evidence for each outcome was classified according to the GRADE system. Results We identified 689 studies during literature searches. We included 10 full-text studies. A narrative synthesis was provided. Two on-field studies reported no difference in the rates of healthcare workers performing airway procedures during the care of critical patients with SARS-CoV-2. A single simulation trial reported a lower level of cross-contamination of participants using PAPR compared to alternative respiratory protection. There is moderate quality evidence that PAPR use is associated with greater heat tolerance but lower scores for mobility and communication ability. We identified a trend towards greater self-reported wearer comfort with PAPR technology in low-quality observational simulation studies. Conclusion Field observational studies do not indicate a difference in healthcare worker infection utilizing PAPR devices versus other compliant respiratory equipment. Greater heat tolerance accompanied by lower scores of mobility and audibility in PAPR was identified. Further pragmatic studies are needed in order to delineate actual effectiveness and provider satisfaction with PAPR technology. Systematic review registration The protocol for this review was prospectively registered with the International Register of Systematic Reviews identification number CRD42020184724 .

Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are particularly at a risk of acquiring COVID-19 infection. The pattern of disease and outcome in HCWs has not been studied adequately. This review was done to determine the prevalence of COVID-19 in HCWs and to find out the clinical profile and mortality of COVID-19 in HCWs. Materials and Methods: A systematic search of all published or in press studies from January 1, 2020, to July 15, 2020, with confirmed COVID-19 HCWs was done in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar and in other key journals using terms such as “2019-nCoV,” “novel coronavirus 2019,” “COVID-19,” “SARS-CoV-2,” “Wuhan coronavirus,” “health care worker,” “health care professional,” “physician,” and “medical staff.” Results: We analyzed 43 research articles, mostly cross-sectional studies with 20 studies from China, and included 13,725 COVID-19–positive HCWs. Proportion of COVID-19–positive HCWs (n = 8405) among all HCWs (n = 276,392) were 3.04% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.62–9.76), while the proportion of positive HCWs (n = 9458) among all COVID-19–positive patients (n = 230,626) were 4.1% (95% CI: 1.44–12.46). The mean age of HCWs was 42.78 ± 6.82 years, 34.47% were males, and 51.04% were nurses. Most COVID-19–positive HCWs were asymptomatic (64.41%), while severe disease occurred in 4.08% with a mortality of 0.80% (47/5823). The incidence of severe disease and mortality among HCWs (n = 9458) and general population (n = 230,626) was extracted from nine studies, and it was seen that severe disease (1.7%) or mortality (0.04%) in HCWs was significantly less as compared to non-HCWs population (8.26% and 1.23%, respectively) (P < 0.001). Conclusion: There is a considerable risk of contracting COVID-19 infection among HCWs which re-emphasizes the strong need of personal protective measures. However, the incidence of severe disease and deaths is significantly low among HCWs, which may somewhat reduce apprehension and be morale boosting for HCWs all across the world.