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The purpose of the research is carrying out ecological and epidemical monitoring of helminthosis of cattle of public and private sectors in Vologda region.Materials and methods. Statistical analysis of veterinary reports was conducted according to the form 1Vet-A of the Veterinary medicine administration with State veterinary inspectorate in Vologda region for the period of 2013–2018. The degree of infection by helminths was also analyzed in animals of public and private sectors.Results and discussion. Cattle helminthosis is widely distributed in Vologda region. Helminthosis, which are recorded in cattle constantly and which have high rate of prevalence, were adjusted. Fasciolosis, paramphistomatosis, moniezosis, dictyocaulosis, strongyloidosis are registered in public and private sectors practically annually. What is more, the degree of infection is differing in public and private sectors; the highest parameter of incidence rate is registered in private sector. In conclusion, epizootological monitoring shows specific view on epidemic situation in Vologda region on major cattle helminthosis.

The purpose of the research is to forecast the epizootic situation in main helminthosis of farm livestock in the Russian Federation for 2019.Annual preventive dehelminthizations reduce the infection to some extent but full recovery of the livestock from helminths is not achieved. A means of integrated influence on the effectiveness of helminthosis control is annual forecasts made subject to the impact of environmental factors. Monitoring and forecasting as localized as possible allow for assessing infection risks of the specific livestock subject to the number of susceptible animals. A forecast throughout the Russian Federation is synoptic as biology of different types of helminths varies significantly depending on the habitat. Forecasts have their own aspects in different areas of the Russian Federation due to different weather conditions, the number and species composition of intermediate hosts (for biohelminths) and animal living conditions in a specific area.

The exact mechanisms of secondary immunosuppression caused by parasite infection has not yet been clarified. Even less explored is the ability of helminths antigens to induce apoptosis in immuno-competent mammalian cells during the invasion. The aim of this study was to establish the possible relationship between the immuno-competent cells apoptosis, the dynamics of changes in the leucocyte count of peripheral blood and development of immunosuppression during chronization of helminthosis in mice infected with Syphaciaobvelata.Materials and methods. Eighty five albino mice with a mean body weight of 18-20 g were used in the experiment. Animals were divided into the following experimental groups: 1) intact animals (control group), 2) animals infected Syphaciaobvelata (Rudolphi, 1802), Seurat, from 1916 n / a Oxiurata.Mice were decapitated after 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8 weeks after infection by raush-anesthesia and blood was collected from the tail vein. Blood smears were stained with Giemsa-Romanovsky method. Light microscopy was used to determine leukocyte formula, and to count the number of neutrophils and lymphocytes with morphological signs of varying degrees of apoptosis.Lymphocytes were isolated by Ficoll — verografin density gradient separation, their total concentration was counted in Goryaev camera and adjusted with medium to 2 x106/ml. The obtained data were statistically processed using STATISTICA software (version 8.0 for Windows) and the SPSS (version 11.0).Results and discussion. Helminthiases in the acute stage (1, 2, 3 weeks) promoted eosinophilia formation and reduction of geterofilov and lymphocytes number, while did not change significantly the percentage of other forms of white blood cells. In blood smears morphological features of apoptosis were observed in a small amount in geterofily lymphocytes.Thus, it was found that in the acute stage of infection the activation of cellular immunity occures, expressed mainly in the form of eosinophilia and indicating the development of hypersensitivity.During the 8 weeks development of helmithasis (mice syphaciosis) and its conversion into chronic stage the activity of leukocytes apoptosis increased. This is apparently an essential link in the pathogenesis of helminthiasis in general and developing immunosuppression in particular. The most important role belong to the apoptosis of immunocompetent cells such as lymphocytes and geterophyls.

Purpose of the research — to conduct analysis of the status and perspective of application of prolonged forms of anthelmintic drugs in veterinary. Materials and methods. On the topic of development and application of prolonged forms of anthelmintic in veterinary was conducted the analysis of 27 literature sources including 23 foreign authors. Were analyzed the data about kinetics of avermectins and praziquantel in the animals body and comparative results about dependence and correlation of pharmacokinetic parameters with their anthelmintics efficiency. The results and discussion. Prolonged forms of avermectins which prevent the infections for long period are developing to prevent infection of animals during grazing season. Attempts to create prolonged dosage forms of praziquantel to prevent the Schistosoma japonicum infections are currently in progress. Was shown the possibility of obtaining polymeric microspheres, which contains ivermectins in the form of implants. As solvents are used N-methylpyrrolidone, triacetin, benzyl benzoate etc. Mixes of composite based on sucrose, acetate isobutyrate and polylactic acid is offered for prolongation of the action of ivermectin, which is provides release of ivermectin within 80 days. Were described prolonged forms of praziquantel as the implants on a base of polycaprolactone and it’s mix with polyethylene glycol, which is obtained by extrusion of a melt of a mixture of praziquantel and polymers.

Background There is continued reliance on conventional veterinary drugs including anthelmintics, to some of which resistance has developed. Loss of indigenous technical knowledge (ITK) from societies affects the opportunities for utilization of ethnopharmacological practices unless properly documented. This study was conducted to identify common traditional practices using medicinal plants against helminthosis and other livestock diseases in Mpigi and Gulu districts of Uganda. Methods Seven focus group discussions with ten farmers per group plus 18 key informant interviews were held in each district from August to November 2011. Ranking was used to quantify disease burdens and to identify priority livestock and breeds. Samples of each plant were submitted to Makerere University herbarium for identification and documentation. The local name, relative availability and International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) status were recorded. Results Seventy six farmers in Mpigi and 74 in Gulu were interviewed. Theileriosis and helminthosis were the most common disease conditions in cattle and goats, respectively. Forty plant species within 34 genera from 22 botanical families were identified, with 20 of these used against helminthosis. Other plants treated wounds and ecto-parasites, theileriosis, retained placenta and bovine ephemeral fever. Non-plant practices (7) and plants cited were used in combination depending on availability. Males older than 40 years had most ethnopharmacological knowledge. Most plants (75%, n = 40) were common, but 10 were rare. IUCN status was not evaluated for 95% of these plants. Conventional and traditional drug use in Gulu and Mpigi districts was different (χ2 = 24; p

Because of indirect and direct damages, parasitic infections of cattle pose a threat to animals, so it is necessary to suppress them continuously. In order to carry out the action successfully, it is of crucial importance to deal with current data on their presence. The investigation was carried out in the region of North Bačka District during 2009. and 2010., in 224 heads of cattle grown at farms of various hygienic status and housing conditions. In this study, there are presented the results relating to helminthosis and mange prevalence in different age categories of cattle. Positive parasitological findings were determined in 43.30% of tested animals. There were diagnosed cestodes of Moniezia and Dicrocoelium dendriticum strain, gastro intestinal strongilides as well as mites of Psoroptes strain. During two years' investigation, there was found out the greatest prevalence of infections caused by gastro intestinal strongilides (19.78% and 29.32%). On the basis of the obtained results, it will be possible to use modern antihelmintics more effectively, as well as to implement measures in order to prevent both growth and survival of preparasitic stadiums in the environment and animal infection. The ultimate goal is to help providing more economical cattle production in the investigated region. Zbog indirektnih i direktnih šteta parazitske infekcije goveda predstavljaju opasnost za životinje i potrebno ih je kontinuirano suzbijati, a da bi se taj proces uspešno sproveo neophodno je imati na raspolaganju realne podatke o njihovoj zastupljenosti. Istraživanje je sprovedeno na području Severnobačkog okruga, tokom 2009. i 2010. godine, kod 224 govečeta, uzgajana na farmama različitog higijenskog statusa i u različitim uslovima držanja. U radu su prikazani rezultati koji se odnose na prevalenciju helmintoza i šuge kod različitih starosnih kategorija goveda. Pozitivan parazitološki nalaz je ustanovljen kod 43,30% pregledanih životinja. Dijagnostikovane su cestode iz roda Moniezia, Dicrocoelium dendriticum, želudačno-crevne strongilide i šugarci roda Psoroptes. Tokom obe godine istraživanja ustanovljena je najveća prevalencija infekcije želudačno-crevnim strongilidama (19,78% i 29,32%). Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata biće omogućena efikasnija primena modernih antihelmintika, sprovođenje mera u cilju sprečavanja razvoja i preživljavanja preparazitskih stadijuma u spoljašnjoj sredini i sprečavanje infekcije životinja, a sve sa ciljem da se obezbedi ekonomičnija govedarska proizvodnja u ispitivanom području.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of health education in learning and cognitive development of children infected, previously treated in an endemic area for helminthiasis. METHODS: It is a longitudinal, experimental, with random allocation of participants. The study included 87 children of both sexes enrolled in the school hall of Maranhão, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and divided into two groups: intervention and control. Initially the children were submitted to the parasitological fecal examination for infection diagnosis and, when positive, they were treated. For the data collection, a structured questionnaire and the psychological tests Raven, Wisc-III and DAP III were applied, before and after the educational intervention. For the group comparison, the Mann Whitney test was used, and established significance level of 5%. RESULTS: It was found that previously infected children who received the educational intervention, children showed higher performance than the control group in strutured questionnaire (p

A resistência anti-helmíntica é um dos principais entraves para o controle da verminose em ruminantes e a presença de nematódeos multiresistentes pode inviabilizar a atividade em uma determinada área. Neste trabalho o objetivo foi avaliar a eficácia anti-helmíntica do levamisol e do albendazol em rebanhos ovinos do norte de Minas Gerais. O teste foi realizado em dez propriedades, onde foram selecionados três grupos de 12 borregos cada. Dois desses grupos foram tratados respectivamente com levamisol (5 mg/kg pc) ou albendazol (10 mg/kg pc) e o terceiro grupo não foi tratado. Fezes foram coletadas antes do tratamento e no sétimo dia após, para a realização do teste de redução de ovos por grama de fezes. Foi realizado o cultivo de larvas provenientes dos grupos avaliados para a identificação dos principais gêneros de nematódeos gastrintestinais antes e após os tratamentos. Para todos os rebanhos avaliados no norte de Minas Gerais, o levamisol apresentou eficácia anti-helmíntica elevada, variando de 90% a 100%. Apenas para um rebanho o albendazol seria efetivo e para seis propriedades as eficácias dessa droga foram inferiores a 80%, sendo considerada insuficientemente ativa. Após as coproculturas foram identificadas, em maior ocorrência, larvas dos gêneros Haemonchus e Trichostrongylus. O gênero Haemonchus foi o mais prevalente mesmo após o tratamento dos ovinos. Ressalta-se neste estudo a importância do teste de eficácia in vivo para a escolha das bases anti-helmínticas nas propriedades, pois foi observado que o perfil de susceptibilidade variou entre os diferentes rebanhos. The anthelmintic resistance is a major obstacle for the nematode control in ruminants and the presence of multiresistant nematodes could make impracticable the activity in a given area. The objective in this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of albendazole and levamisole in sheep herds in northern Minas Gerais. The test was performed on ten farms, where we selected three groups of 12 lambs each. Two of these groups were respectively treated with levamisole (5mg/kg) or albendazole (10mg/kg). The third group did not receive treatment. Feces were collected at 0 and 7 day after treatment for the fecal egg reduction test. The nematode genus was evaluated with the identification of the larvae obtained from culture in the feces pre- and post-treatments. For all evaluated herds the levamisole showed high anthelminthic efficacy, which ranged from 90 to 100%. Only for one herd, the albendazole was effective and for six farms, the efficacy of this drug was less than 80%, considered insufficiently active. After the cultivation of larvae were identified mainly Haemonchus spp. and Trichostrongylus spp. The genus Haemonchus was the most prevalent even after treatment of sheep. It is emphasized the importance of in vivo efficacy tests for choosing anthelmintic drugs, since the susceptibility profile varied among sheep herds evaluated in this study.

A 15-year retrospective study was performed to determine the role of parasitic diseases in causing mortalities in small ruminants. In total, 115 (32 %) sheep were diagnosed as having been killed by parasitic diseases out of 366 that died as a result of disease. The major cause of mortality was helminthosis (63 %of all parasitic cases). Most of the helminthosis cases were attributed to haemonchosis (40 % of parasitic cases). Heartwater was the second most important parasitic disease (27 %of all parasitic cases). Ninety-five (26 %) goats were diagnosed to have been killed by parasitic diseases out of 365 cases presented at the post mortem facility. Helminthosis was the most frequent cause of mortality (55 % of the total parasitic diseases). Twenty-six goats were killed by haemonchosis (27 % of all parasitic diseases). Heartwater was the second most important parasitic disease, accounting for about 20 % of all parasitic diseases. These findings indicate that viable helminth and tick control strategies should be devised in order to reduce mortality caused by helminthosis and heartwater and thereby achieve improved productivity.