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Background The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and their associated biological and psychological factors in Chinese university students. Methods A total of 754 students were included from Zunyi Medical University, each participant completed questionnaires and clinical examinations according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders. Results The overall prevalence of TMD was 31.7% among medical students. Subjects with TMD had a high prevalence of bruxism, empty chewing, unilateral chewing, chewing gum, anterior teeth overbite, anterior teeth overjet, depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance. Moreover, sleep bruxism, empty chewing, unilateral chewing, anterior teeth overbite, depression, and anxiety were the strongest risk factors for TMD. Conclusions Individuals with TMD have a high prevalence of psychological distress and oral parafunctional habits. Except for the psychological factors associated with TMD, bruxism, abnormal chewing, and malocclusion also shared similar risks for TMD.

Introduction: Oral tori are bony growths present in oral cavity and are not considered as pathological lesions. Torus mandibularis (TM) is usually present in lingual aspect of alveolar process in canine-premolar region of mandible. The objective of the study is to determine the TM' prevalence among outpatients attending tertiary care center and its relevance with parafunctional activities. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the out patients attending the hospital between December 2017 and May 2019. Fourteen thousand and two hundred and eight patients were screened for the presence of TM as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data were collected and subjected to the statistical analysis. Results: Out of 14,208 patients, 157 patients were presented with TM. The prevalence found to be 1.1%. Tori were more frequent in males than females. The most commonly observed type was bilateral solitary type. The association of TM with parafunctional activities and temperomandibular disorder was found to be significant. The higher frequency of TM was seen in the subjects residing at high altitudes. Discussion: The prevalence of TM in our study was found to be low. The study was undertaken to record the preliminary data regarding TM in this region and its association with parafunctional activity. Conclusion: We suggest performing thorough clinical examination and imaging to rule out underlying parafunctional activity, if TM is incidental finding.

Background: Temporomandibular disorder is a term used to describe problems involving temporomandibular joint, muscles of mastication, occlusion characterized by symptoms such as pain, restricted movements and intermittent joint sound. The present study was conducted to determine prevalence of TMD and to describe its association with parafunctional habits. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 345 undergraduate students of KIST Medical College and Hospital. Study population was selected by simple random sampling and the Fonseca Anamnestic Questionnaires were distributed. Data analysis was done in SPSS version 16 . Results: The prevalence of TMD was 47.4% with mild and moderate type of TMD present. The most common habit was chewing gums followed by biting of lips and biting of objects. Statistically significant difference in TMD groups was observed in clenching and grinding of teeth, biting of lips and biting of objects (pConclusions: A statistically significant association was found between biting of lips, grinding of teeth and mouth breathing with TMD.Keywords: parafunctional habits; prevalence; TMD .

Objective:Unfavorable parafunctional habits affect the dentoalveolar structures and if they are diagnosed late and if the treatment is delayed, they will lead to severe problems that are either irreversible or are associated with high costs, difficult technical problems and severe patient suffering. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of parafunctional habits and their relationship with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders in female high school students in Kerman, İran.Materials and Methods:In the present descriptive-analytical study, data were collected by completing a questionnaire and through clinical examination. The study population consisted of first- to fourth-grade high school students in Kerman, İran. Clinical examinations were carried out by one last-year dental student who was instructed in the faculty of dentistry in the relevant field by one professor and became proficient in clinical examination. Statistical analyses were carried out with SPSS 13.5, using t-test, chi-squared test and ANOVA.Results:A total of 368 questionnaires were completed in this study. Sixty-six students had no parafunctional habits and 78% of the subjects had at least one oral parafunctional habit; 1.2% of the subjects had all the eleven parafunctional habits and 22% of the subjects had only one parafunctional habit. The highest frequencies were related to chewing gums on one side, sleeping on one side and chewing pencils or pens. The prevalence of TMJ disorder symptoms and signs in the subjects was as follows: joint clicks (31%), pain in masticatory muscles (10%), pain during mastication of food (24%) and pain at mouth opening (14%). The results showed the greatest relationship between tooth clenching and tenderness to palpation in masticatory muscles. Of all the masticatory muscles, the most severe pain during palpation was detected in the masseter, followed by temporalis muscle.Conclusion:This study showed that the highest frequency of parafunctional habits was related to chewing gums and the most frequent sign of TMJ disorders was joint clicks in subjects. In addition, there were significant relationships between TMJ disorder symptoms and signs and parafunctional habits such as bruxism, unilateral mastication and tooth clenching.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to review the uses of electromyography (EMG) in dentistry in the last few years in related research. EMG is an advanced technique to record and evaluate muscle activity. In the previous days, EMG was only used for medical sciences, but now EMG playing a tremendous role in medical as well as dental sector. Materials and Methods: Several electronic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science were systematically searched for studies published until July 2015. Results: EMG can be used in both diagnosis and treatment purpose to record neuromuscular activity. In dentistry, we can utilize EMG to evaluate muscular activity in function such as chewing and biting or parafunctional activities such as clenching and bruxism. In case of TMJ and myofascial pain disorders, EMG widely is used in the last few years. Conclusions: EMG is one of biometric tests that occur in the modern evidence-based dentistry practice.

"Tooth wear is a complex multifactorial process that involves the loss of hard dental tissue. Parafunctional habits have been mentioned as a self-destructive process caused by stress, which results in hyperactivity of masticatory muscles. Stress manifests itself through teeth grinding, leading to progressive teeth wear. The effects of continuous exposure to industrial noise, a “stressor” agent, cannot be ignored and its effects on the teeth must be evaluated. Aims: The aim of this study was to ascertain the effects of industrial noise on dental wear over time, by identifying and quantifying crown area loss. Material and Methods: 39 Wistar rats were used. Thirty rats were divided in 3 experimental groups of 10 animals each. Animals were exposed to industrial noise, rich in LFN components, for 1, 4 and 7 months, with an average weekly exposure of 40 hours (8h/day, 5 days/week with the weekends in silence). The remaining 9 animals were kept in silence. The areas of the three main cusps of the molars were measured under light microscopy. Statistical analysis used: A two-way ANOVA model was applied at significance level of 5%. Results: The average area of the molar cusps was significantly different between exposed and non-exposed animals. The most remarkable differences occurred between month 1 and 4. The total crown loss from month 1 to month 7 was 17.3% in the control group, and 46.5% in the exposed group, and the differences between these variations were significant (p