Search

Rafael Pichardo-Rodriguez,1 Valeria Altuna-Moscoso,1 Karen Aviles-Antezana,1 Alondra Lorena Cahuana-Mendoza,1 Antonio André Challco Alvarado,1 Cristhian Gonzales-Rospigliosi,1 Shirley Oscco-Coila,1 Enzo Rafael-Tarazona,1 Marcos Saavedra-Velasco,1 Liz Cordova-Cueva,1 Jhony A De La Cruz-Vargas,1 Fernando Munayco-Guillen,1,2 Herney Andrés García-Perdomo3 1Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Biomédicas (INICIB), Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima, Perú; 2Instituto Nacional de Oftalmología (INO), Lima, Peru; 3Division of Urology/Uro oncology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidad del Valle, Cali, ColombiaCorrespondence: Rafael Pichardo-Rodriguez, Email rafael_martin1352@hotmail.comObjective: To determine the quality of systematic reviews submitted as a thesis in the Medical School of Ricardo Palma University.Methods: We conducted a systematic review. We included systematic reviews submitted as theses from Ricardo Palma University, and we excluded narrative reviews, editorials, clinical experiments, and those with incomplete data. We performed a structured search on EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, and Institutional Repository from the Ricardo Palma University and RENATI. The risk of bias assessment was performed through the AMSTAR-2 and the modified AMSTAR-2 tools. The primary outcome was review quality. A qualitative synthesis of the information was performed.Results: One thousand four hundred eighty-seven theses were identified, and exclusion criteria were applied, whereby 11 theses were selected for review and thorough consultation. Of the 11 selected theses, and through the AMSTAR-2 and modified AMSTAR-2 tools, the findings reached were that 90.9% of the included theses presented critically low quality that was not modified even when the quality was reevaluated after its publication as a scientific article.Conclusion: The systematic reviews presented as undergraduate thesis in the Medical School of Ricardo Palma University showed low and critically low quality. Improvement in systematic review training is required for both students and institutional advisors.Keywords: thesis, systematic review, medical school

Hydatidosis is a zoonosis, caused by a cestode ( Echinococcus) . Management will depend on the organs affected by the infection and the response to medical treatment. Therapy may be clinical in early stages, but in case of poor response to drug therapy, surgery is the preferred choice. We present two cases in young females, the first case is with Hydatid cysts in both lungs and liver, she received initial medical treatment with lack of response, and surgery was indicated to resect the pulmonary and hepatic lesions. The second case is of a female with Hydatid cysts in the right lung. She was misdiagnosed at the beginning thinking of pneumonia and pulmonary abscess but after further investigation, hydatid cysts were the diagnosis, due to symptoms consistent with thoracic pain and persistent cough and the size of the cyst, surgery was indicated.

Summary: Background: Hyperglycaemia is an early and frequent adverse event during alpelisib treatment. METALLICA aimed to evaluate prophylactic metformin to prevent or reduce hyperglycaemia occurrence in patients with HR+/HER2−/PIK3CA-mutated advanced breast cancer (ABC). Methods: Between August 13th, 2020 and March 23rd, 2022, this 2-cohort, phase 2, multicentre, single-arm trial (NCT04300790) enrolled patients with HR+/HER2−/PIK3CA-mutated ABC: cohort A, normal glycaemia (fasting plasma glucose

Fundamento: la hipertrofia cardíaca se describe macroscópicamente como un incremento del grosor de la pared y/o el septo interventricular y representa una etapa significativa previa a la insuficiencia cardíaca. Muchas afecciones cardíacas tienden a mostrar diferencias entre sexos. Objetivo: determinar la asociación entre hipertrofia cardíaca y el sexo de los pacientes de un hospital del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal en diciembre de 2022 en un hospital del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social. Se analizaron 88 pacientes distribuidos en dos grupos: masculino y femenino, cada uno con 44 pacientes. Se utilizó la prueba estadística U de Mann-Whitney para determinar diferencias entre ambos grupos. Resultados: predominaron los pacientes en edades entre 25 y 50 años (58,7 %), tanto en el sexo masculino (57,5 %) como el femenino (60 %). En ambos grupos, la mayoría de los pacientes presentaron hipertrofia cardíaca moderada (un 52,3 % tanto de cada grupo como del total). No se pudo demostrar la existencia de diferencias entre el grado de hipertrofia cardíaca en los pacientes según su sexo (resultado de la prueba U de Mann-Whitney = 934,5; Z = -0,308; p = 0,758). Conclusiones: a pesar de la existencia de diferencias en las distribuciones, no se encontró una relación entre el sexo y el grado de hipertrofia cardíaca.

Introducción: En el Conflicto Trabajo-Familia aparecen exigencias laborales incompatibles con actividades del rol familiar, puede presentarse en tres formas: conflicto basado en tiempo, en comportamiento y en tensión generada; esto dos direcciones trabajo-familia o familia-trabajo. La migración laboral conlleva desventajas que vulneran los derechos de los trabajadores exponiéndose a condiciones de empleo desfavorables para su salud. Objetivo: Analizar investigaciones publicadas, su alcance y algunas lagunas de conocimiento sobre el conflicto trabajo-familia en trabajadores migrantes a nivel mundial. Métodos: Búsqueda sistemática de estudios publicados en bases de datos Scopus, Google académico, EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect y Medline del período 1990-2023, siguiendo directrices PRISMA, se incluyeron 19 publicaciones. Resultados: Se identificó la relación entre este tipo de conflicto y el apoyo organizacional, la satisfacción laboral, la condición migratoria de los trabajadores, factores individuales cómo género, número de hijos y actividades de cuidados relacionadas a síntomas psicológicos, la ausencia de prestaciones sociales, así como el papel de la cultura y las redes de apoyo social entre los trabajadores migrantes. Conclusión: El conflicto Trabajo-Familia se relacionó con factores individuales, organizacionales y culturales de trabajadores migrantes, se requieren investigaciones que aborden las políticas de seguridad y salud, el acceso a servicios asistenciales de cuidado, la regulación de jornadas de trabajo con el inherente respeto a la cultura de origen, la diversidad genérica y sexual así como las formas de convivencia Introduction: In Work-Family Conflict, work demands appear that are incompatible with family role activities; it can occur in three forms: conflict based on time, behavior and generated tension; this two directions work-family or family-work. Labor migration entails disadvantages that violate the rights of workers, exposing them to employment conditions that are unfavorable to their health. Objective: Analyze published research, its scope and some gaps in knowledge about work-family conflict in migrant workers worldwide. Methods: Systematic search of studies published in Scopus, Google Scholar, EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect and Medline databases from the period 1990-2023, following PRISMA guidelines, 19 publications were included. Results: The relationship was identified between this type of conflict and organizational support, job satisfaction, the migratory status of workers, individual factors such as gender, number of children and care activities related to psychological symptoms, the absence of social benefits, as well as the role of culture and social support networks among migrant workers. Conclusion: Work-Family Conflict was related to individual, organizational and cultural factors of migrant workers; research is required that addresses health and safety policies, access to care services, and the regulation of work hours with inherent respect. to the culture of origin, gender and sexual diversity as well as forms of coexistence

Yonathan Aliye Asfaw,1,2 Helen Huang,2,3 Muhammad Taimur,2,4 Ayush Anand,2,5 Sujan Poudel,2 Tulika Garg,2,6 Bethlehem Aliye Asfaw,1,2 Befekadu Molalegn Abebe,1,2 Hanieh Akbariromani,2,7 Gavrilo Lazovic,8 Wilson Cueva9 1Internal Medicine Department, University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia; 2Department of Research & Academic Affairs, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, FL, USA; 3Internal Medicine Department, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; 4Internal Medicine Department, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan; 5Internal Medicine Department, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal; 6Internal Medicine Department, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India; 7Internal Medicine Department, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran; 8Department of Emergency Medicine, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, FL, USA; 9Department of Neurology, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, FL, USACorrespondence: Yonathan Aliye Asfaw, Internal Medicine Department, University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia, Email dreaminglatee@gmail.comAbstract: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a cerebrovascular disorder caused by complete or partial occlusion of the cerebral venous and sinus system. The etiology has been attributed to hypercoagulability and pro-thrombotic states, leading to raised intracranial pressures that often manifest as headaches and focal neurological deficits. However, the multifactorial nature of CVT can create a diagnostic conundrum for clinicians. We describe a unique case of a 16-year-old female who presented with convulsions, postictal confusion, and drowsiness followed by residual weakness of her extremities. She initially presented to the primary care center with headache, high-grade fever, and altered mental status and was empirically treated for pyogenic meningitis. The patient failed to improve with a week of antibiotics and was referred to the tertiary care center for urgent attention. On presentation, the patient developed VI and VII cranial nerve palsy. Subsequently, MRI images showed filling defects in the superior sagittal, right transverse, and sigmoid sinuses with right parietal gyral T1 hyperintensity and T2 hypo-intensity. She was diagnosed with septic CVT based on sinus venous thrombosis and venous infarction, probably secondary to meningococcal pneumonia. It can be challenging to distinguish between both conditions as their presentations overlap. Moreover, cranial nerve palsy is an infrequent manifestation of CVT, with unclear pathogenesis. We highlight the role of neuro-imaging in the early detection of CVT and bring to light the unfamiliar symptoms and a more varied clinical spectrum that may hinder the diagnosis in a limited-resource setting. Future research should be explicitly modeled to improve the diagnostic efficiency of CVT and improve outcomes in younger patient populations.Keywords: cerebral venous thrombosis, meningitis, cranial nerve palsy, systemic infection, neuro-imaging, case report

Introducción: La caries dental responde a una interacción compleja entre los microrganismos acido génicos y los carbohidratos fermentables asociados a factores intrínsecos y extrínsecos del huésped y a factores determinantes de la salud. Objetivo: Caracterizar la caries dental en adolescentes de 12 a 15 años. Método: Estudio de tipo descriptivo, observacional y transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada de 98 adolescentes de ambos sexos, las variables estudiadas fueron prevalencia de caries, edad, sexo, grupo dentario más afectado, índice CPO-D. Resultados: La prevalencia de caries en adolescentes fue del 90,7%, la mayor prevalencia de caries se presentó en el grupo de 12 a 13 años y en ambos sexos por igual, mientras que en el grupo de 13 a 14 años prevaleció el sexo femenino sobre el masculino. El índice CPO-D fue de 3,0(Moderado). Conclusiones: La caries dental representa una importante carga de salud pública en los adolescentes, lo que requiere un mejor acceso a la atención odontológica en el sector público.

Monkeypox (mpox) is a viral zoonosis, and human-to-human transmission can result from close contact with the respiratory secretions and mucocutaneous lesions of an infected person. The prodromal phase is followed by an eruptive phase, with skin and/or mucosal lesions that progress through several stages at different sites. In this study, we describe the importance of interdisciplinary care management and follow-up of patients with complicated mpox. A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2022 until August 2022 at a secondary hospital in Madrid (Spain). Out of 100 patients with mpox seen at this institution, we selected and analyzed 11 with local complications. All the patients were male at birth, and the mean age was 32 (30–42) years. The clinical manifestations included skin rash or mucosal lesions, fever, myalgia and lymphadenopathies. The most frequent local complications were pharyngitis associated with dysphagia, penile edema, infection of the mucocutaneous lesions, and ulceration of the genital lesions. A multidisciplinary team was created for the care of patients with complications secondary to mpox. The team comprised dermatologists and specialists in infectious diseases, preventive medicine, and emergency medicine. This approach improved the ability to diagnose and treat early with supportive, topical, and systemic treatment. In our center most of the cases were self-limiting, and none were life-threatening. An interdisciplinary response to a public health alert enhances the management of complex patients and should be implemented in successive outbreaks of mpox.

Introduction: The high prevalence of oral diseases and the side effects of synthetic drugs has promoted the study of therapeutic alternatives such as medicinal plants that are safe, effective and economical for the population. Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial potential of 2 mouthwashes based on Azadirachta indica (neem) on Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis. Methods: Experimental study. Two mouthwashes were made from the hydroethanolic extract of neen with concentrations of 25 mg/mL and 50 mg/mL. The antibacterial potential was evaluated by the disk diffusion method. The data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey in the statistical package SPSS v.26. Results: For Streptococcus mutans, the halo of the mouthwash with 25 mg/mL of neem extract was 25.12 ± 0.798 mm; that of 50 mg/mL formed a halo of 29.40 ± 1.197 mm; the negative control a halo of 8.62 ± 0.132 mm and chlorhexidine 0.12% a halo of 17.64 ± 0.160 mm. For Enterococcus faecalis , the halo of the mouthwash with 25 mg/mL was 18.23 ± 1,150 mm; that of 50 mg/mL a halo of 20.93 ± 0.487 mm; the negative control a halo of 7.91 ± 0.417 mm and chlorhexidine 0.12% a halo of 16.50 ± 0.505 mm. Conclusion: Neem-based mouthwashes have in vitro antibacterial potential against Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis and could be used in the future to control them and other oral pathogens.

Critical reading from the point of view of evidence-based medicine is a structured reading that allows us to evaluate the validity and relevance of the results and the applicability of a clinical study in our patient. However, the level of critical reading in resident physicians is low, as various studies have described. In a study of oncology resident physicians, a poor level of critical reading of clinical research articles was found. And in the same way, deficient levels were found in cardiology and family medicine residents. In our country, this situation is unknown and it is most likely deficient. Reason why we prepared a small review to be able to share practical bases that help the resident of specialties apply in a simpler way the critical reading of clinical studies.

El ritmo idioventricular acelerado ha sido reconocido tradicionalmente como una arritmia benigna; es considerado, en el contexto de un infarto agudo de miocardio, como un marcador de reperfusión exitosa; sin embargo, la evidencia que lo soporta es controversial. Usualmente, esta arritmia es transitoria y no genera compromiso hemodinámico; no obstante, su presencia puede tener un valor pronóstico y no solo ser un marcador benigno. Debido a ello, siempre es importante el reconocimiento de esta arritmia, así como su documentación en un electrocardiograma de 12 derivadas. Presentamos el caso de un paciente varón adulto con infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST en cara inferior, quien presentó ritmo idioventricular acelerado sin terapia de reperfusión.

La crisis que está ocasionando la enfermedad denominada COVID-19 está afectando severamente al sistema sanitario de diversos países, lo que obliga a tomar medidas alternativas para poder atender a una gran cantidad de pacientes que no pueden acceder a los centros de atención médica. Es por esta razón que se considera como una alternativa la atención domiciliaria para lo cual se debe ser muy riguroso en el cuidado de la persona afectada con COVID 19, ya que, si esto no se realiza de forma adecuada, los demás integrantes del hogar corren el riesgo de contaminarse, lo que incrementaría la saturación de los establecimientos de salud. Indicaciones como la permanencia del enfermo en un solo lugar, el uso de barreras de protección cuando se ingresa a esta área o la constante práctica de la higiene de manos, entre otras medidas, puede encaminar al éxito de este tipo de atención favoreciendo la pronta recuperación del paciente y la preservación de la salud de los demás habitantes del hogar.

El síndrome de Wolff Parkinson White ocurre por la presencia de vías accesorias que comunican anormalmente las aurículas con los ventrículos, es una de las principales causas de taquicardia paroxística supraventricular en jóvenes y adolescentes, en quienes el manejo ideal es la ablación con catéter. Este síndrome también puede presentarse en pacientes de menor edad como neonatos y lactantes, en donde las opciones terapéuticas son distintas. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 47 días de vida que ingresó a un hospital pediátrico público de Perú presentando vómitos, a su ingreso mostró una frecuencia cardiaca de 250 latidos por minuto; se logró documentar taquicardia de complejos QRS anchos; posteriormente, en el electrocardiograma en ritmo sinusal, se evidenció signos de preexcitación

Abstract Wild honey has been used for several purposes in South‐Asia and Eastern Europe since long ago. One of the commonest is medicinal purposes, especially for gastrointestinal disorders (peptic ulcer disease, dyspepsia, and gastritis), hypertension, and an aphrodisiac (sexual stimulant). However, honey produced from the nectar of few rhododendron species contains a toxin known as grayanotoxin, which acts on the sodium channel and prevents its inactivation leading to vagal activation, causing hypotension and bradycardia. Here, we report a case of 55 years woman who reported to our Emergency Department with complaints of dizziness and vomiting as well as bradycardia and hypotension. Most of the cases of wild honey poisoning resolve within the first 24 h, but in our case, the symptoms persisted for 72 h. So, we must observe patients for 72 h as some cases may last longer. Timely management of the patient can prevent fatal complications.

Objective: To evaluate the factors associated with depression in older adults in a marginal urban area of ​​Peru. Material and methods: It is a cross-sectional analytical study in adults over 60 years of age in a marginal urban area of ​​Lima. The dependent variable was evaluated using the geriatric depression scale of 15 items, the presence of depression with a score ≥ 6 was considered. The factors associated with depression were calculated using raw and adjusted prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) using poisson regressions with robust variance. Results: Of the 142 older adults with an average age and standard deviation was 70.4 ± 8.14. The prevalence of the presence of depression was 55.6% (women 39.6% and men 53.4%). The lack of schooling (RPa: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.04 - 1.88) and not working (RPa: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.09 - 2.05) were risk factors that increased the presence of depression. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression in older adults in a marginal urban area of ​​Peru was high. Older adults who did not complete their schooling and did not work were more likely to develop depression.

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo reportar un caso clínico que expone el tratamiento de regeneración ósea guiada (ROG) en una pieza dentaria con fractura de origen traumático. El procedimiento consistió en regeneración ósea, la cual ha demostrado ser una técnica exitosa para promover la recuperación de defectos óseos dentoalveolares. Se colocó hueso orgánico de bovino liofilizado y membrana reabsorbible de colágeno bovino a un mes de haber sufrido un trauma dentoalveolar a nivel del incisivo central superior derecho. En conclusión, el tratamiento demostró ser muy eficaz para aumentar y conservar las dimensiones de los rebordes alveolares reabsorbidos, logrando optimizar las condiciones biológicas de nuestros pacientes para una posterior rehabilitación.

Introducción: La válvula mitral en paracaídas-like es una anomalía congénita caracterizada por una disposición asimétrica de los músculos papilares, siendo las pruebas de imagen cardiaca son el procedimiento de elección tanto para el diagnóstico anatómico como para realizar la valoración funcional de este tipo de anomalía estructural. Caso Clínico: Paciente con cuadro de descompensación hemodinámica en el cual se diagnóstica de manera incidental de una valvulopatía mitral en forma de paracaídas-like. Los hallazgos de imagen por ecocardiografía transtorácica y resonancia magnética ponen de manifiesto la presencia de 2 músculos papilares, ambos con inserción en segmento lateral apical confirmando una válvula mitral asimétrica con similitud a su morfología en paracaídas. Discusión: La válvula mitral en paracaídas es una anomalía congénita poco común constituyente en la presencia de dos músculos papilares siendo uno de ellos más elongado y adherido al velo mitral de forma contigua, mostrándose en algunos casos pequeñas cuerdas tendinosas asociadas. Puede presentar una evolución benigna siendo un hallazgo casual o asociarse a repercusión hemodinámica valvular como el caso presentado. Conclusión: La válvula mitral en paracaídas-like es una anomalía congénita caracterizada por una disposición asimétrica de los músculos papilares, siendo su evolución muy variable, pudiendo pasar desapercibida o afectando de forma significativa a la mecánica valvular.

Osteoarthritis (OA) affects nearly 240 million people worldwide. Knee OA is the most common type of arthritis, especially in older adults. Physicians measure the severity of knee OA according to the Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) scale through visual inspection of X-ray or MR images. We propose a semi-automatic CADx model based on Deep Siamese convolutional neural networks and a fine-tuned ResNet-34 to simultaneously detect OA lesions in the two knees according to the KL scale. The training was done using a public dataset, whereas the validations were performed with a private dataset. Some problems of the imbalanced dataset were solved using transfer learning. The model results average of the multi-class accuracy is 61%, presenting better performance results for classifying classes KL-0, KL-3, and KL-4 than KL-1 and KL-2. The classification results were compared and validated using the classification of experienced radiologists.

La apendicitis aguda es el diagnóstico más común sujeto a tratamiento quirúrgico de urgencia, la imprecisión es mayor mientras menos edad tenga el paciente, por lo que debe sospecharse altamente. La diarrea puede estar presente hasta en el 50% de los casos. El error diagnóstico en menores de dos años es del 100% y esto influye en el alto riesgo de complicaciones. Presentamos el caso de un lactante de 23 meses con presentación atípica de ocho días de evolución. Las características predominantes fueron diarrea, dolor abdominal, fiebre, leucocitosis y fecalito en tomografía computarizada abdominal. Presentó evolución tórpida con perforación y peritonitis.

Introducción: La infección por SARS-CoV-2 causante de la enfermedad COVID 19 afecta principalmente el sistema respiratorio, en la mayoría de casos presenta síntomas leves, sin embargo en pacientes con comorbilidades como el pectus excavatum que originan una alteración en la función pulmonar la enfermedad puede ser mortal. Presentación de Caso: Masculino de 25 años de edad con antecedente de pectus excavatum congénito y escoliosis, con cuadro clínico de COVID 19 y resultados de PCR, TAC y Rx confirmatorios de la infección, inicia con sintomatología leve de afección en vías respiratorias superiores tos y odinofagia, que debido a su alteración anatómica de base, progresa a Síndrome de Distres Respiratorio Agudo, es tratado con Oxigenoterapia, Ampicilina Sulbactam, Azitromicina, Oseltamivir, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, Hidroxicloroquina, Tiotropio, Paracetamol, Heparina y Omeprazol presentando una evolución favorable al tercer día de hospitalización. Conclusiones: El caso refleja lo conocido hasta hoy sobre el riesgo de complicaciones severas que puede presentar la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes con comorbilidades o patologías que alteren la función pulmonar como el pectus excavatum. Por ello sería importante realizar protocolos de manejo específicos, útiles para la mejoría clínica de estos pacientes con alteraciones anatómicas congénitas.

Introduction: The alkalinization of lidocaine has been successful in blocking the inferior dental nerve; however, there are contradictory results regarding its clinical efficacy. Objective: To determine the effect of 2% lidocaine with 1: 80,000 adrenaline alkalinized with 8.4% sodium bicarbonate on inferior dental nerve block. Material and methods: Experimental, prospective and longitudinal study that comprised 50 patients from the Dental School of the National University of San Marcos. The following solutions were administered for inferior dental nerve block: 2% lidocaine with epinephrine 1: 80,000 alkalinized with 8.4% sodium bicarbonate and 2% lidocaine with 1: 80,000 adrenaline not alkalinized. Pain intensity was evaluated by injection, hemodynamic parameters and anesthetic periods (time of onset of action and duration of the anesthetic effect). Results: There was a lower pain intensity due to injection in the alkalized lidocaine group (19.16 ± 2.7) compared to the non-alkalinized lidocaine group (22.88 ± 4.2); p=0.02. Likewise, the onset time of action was lower in the alkalized lidocaine group (105.72 ± 9.7) compared to the non-alkalinized lidocaine group (157.52 ± 12.1); p=0.002. However, no significant differences were found in the hemodynamic parameters (p>0.05) and the duration of the anesthetic effect (p=0.114). Conclusions: Lidocaine 2% with adrenaline 1: 80,000 alkalized with sodium bicarbonate at 8.4% on the block of the inferior dental nerve produces a decrease in pain intensity due to injection and the time of onset of action, compared to the non-alkalinized formulation. However, there are no differences in relation to the hemodynamic parameters or the duration of the anesthetic effect.

Background: Although GPs are usually the first port of call for patients with psoriasis, there is a lack of consistent and up-to-date clinical recommendations for interventions for patients with mild-to-moderate disease. Aim: To provide practical recommendations for GPs to optimise psoriasis treatment with topical therapies in four key areas: patient identification; treatment decision making with topical theory; topical treatment outcomes; and optimising patient adherence. Design & setting: A consensus-seeking programme (modified-Delphi approach) was undertaken to assess the literature and develop recommendations for GPs, based on evidence and expert opinion. Method: Three dermatologists compiled 47 questions that were subsequently ranked and refined according to clinical relevance or importance using an online survey. Thereafter, 19 dermatologists from different European countries developed statements and clinical recommendations for the top seven ranked topical treatment and GP-relevant questions based on literature research and clinical experience. The final recommendations were based on 100% agreement among a final panel of seven experts. Results: The clinical effectiveness, fast onset of action, tolerability, cosmetic acceptability, and practicability of topical therapy, in addition to good physician—patient communication, are important for optimising patient adherence and maximising efficacy. Topical treatments combining corticosteroids and vitamin D analogues (administered as fixed combination) are well-established first-line treatments in mild-to-moderate psoriasis. Conclusion: Simple but detailed practical guidance is provided, which is formed from evidence and expert clinical recommendations, to assist GPs with the optimal use of topical agents based on efficacy, tolerability, disease severity, site of psoriasis, patient lifestyle and preferences, and intended duration of treatment.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir el significado de salud, enfermedad y cuidado del adulto mayor inmigrante de la comunidad El Mezquital ubicada al nordeste de la costa mexicana del golfo de México en relación a su cosmovisión y el entorno donde viven. Método: una investigación etnográfica fue realizada con estadías largas en el sitio de estudio, observación participante y entrevista abierta a 15 participantes, durante enero de 2016 a abril de 2017. La validación de datos se realiza mediante una técnica de triangulación de la información. Resultados: patrones recurrentes de significado de salud fueron: sentirse bien, tener familia, tener dinero, el lugar donde viven; de enfermedad: conocimiento personal, alimentación, actividad física y tener fe; y en el cuidado se identificaron la medicación, estudios diagnósticos, cirugías. Conclusión: conocer el significado de salud, enfermedad y cuidado de adultos mayores permitió identificar patrones recurrentes que inciden culturalmente sobre lo que ayuda a la persona a estar bien y lo que la enferma o le hace mal, expresando el cuidado desde el entorno del hogar. La investigación desde perspectiva cultural, potencia un campo natural de cuidado basado en el entendimiento y comprensión cultural para brindar cuidado culturalmente congruente. ABSTRACT Objective: it was to describe the health, disease and care of immigrant older adults living in the Mezquital in Northeastern Mexican coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Method: an ethnographic research was conducted with long stays in the study site, participant observation and open interviews to 15 participants, during january 2016 through february 2017. Data obtained was validated through a triangulation technique. Results: recurring patterns of meaning of health were: feel good, have a family, have money, where they live; of disease were personal knowledge, physical activity, food and faith; in care were identified: medication, diagnostic tests and surgeries. Conclusions: to know the meaning of health, illness and care of major adults allowed identifying patterns appellants who affect culturally on what helps the person it is to be well and what the sick person or it harms him, reflecting the care from the environment of the hearth. The investigation from cultural perspective, promotes a natural field of care established in the understanding and cultural comprehension to offer culturally coherent care.

Introducción: Los antioxidantes han demostrado potencial quimioprotector en patologías degenerativas, inflamatorias, autoinmunes, oncológicas y asociadas al distrés respiratorio. Objetivo: Evaluar las características fitoquímicas y capacidad antioxidante in vitro mediante el método DPPH y ABTS. Diseño: Observacional analítico. Lugar: Laboratorio de Farmacología Experimental, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Material biológico/Químico: Hojas de Aloe vera, semillas de Plukenetia volubilis, hojas-tallos de Caiophora carduifolia, hojas de Cecropia membranacea. Intervenciones: Observación y análisis de la capacidad antioxidante mediante el método DPPH-concentración efectiva media (CE50) de los extractos y la capacidad antioxidante equivalente a trolox por el método del ABTS. Medida de resultados: Marcha fitoquímica preliminar, porcentaje de inhibición antioxidante por captación del radical DPPH, determinación del equivalente trolox/gextracto. Resultados: La Cecropia membranacea presentó mayor número de metabolitos secundarios, alcaloides, saponinas, compuestos flavonoides; en la captación de radicales DPPH, requirió menor dosis para alcanzar la capacidad antioxidante (CE50=0,159 mg/mL); mediante el método ABTS (5,834 uM trolox/g). La Caiophora carduifolia (0,87 mg/mL – 0,44 mg/mL) tuvo efectos similares al trolox (p>0,05). El Aloe vera y Plukenetia volubilis también tuvieron capacidad antioxidante dependiente de la dosis. Conclusiones: Se ha demostrado capacidad antioxidante in vitro a concentración dependiente, siendo mayor la de Cecropia membranacea y Caiophora carduifolia y menor la de Aloe vera y Plukenetia volubilis.

Background and Objectives: The repetitive loading forces generated during football activities may induce alterations in the hip rotation range of motion (ROM) in players. The objective of this study was to evaluate the acute effects of a training and a match on bilateral passive hip rotation ROM in both lower limbs in soccer. Material and Methods: Twenty-eight male players were divided into two groups: 14 players (28 limbs) with normal bilateral hip rotation ROM (NH group) and 14 players (28 limbs) with restricted bilateral hip ROM (RH group). Passive bilateral hip rotation ROM was measured, by goniometer, before and after training or a match. Internal-rotation ROM (ROMIR), external-rotation ROM (ROMER), total ROM (ROMTOT) and relative internal rotation (ROMREL) were calculated. Results: The NH group did not show substantial changes in hip ROM after a training nor a match. After a training session, only the RH group exhibited a substantial increase in ROMIR, ROMER and ROMTOT. After a match, only the RH group exhibited a substantial increase in ROMER and ROMTOT and exhibited a substantial decrease in ROMREL. Comparing both groups, there were significant differences within ROM changes for ROMER and ROMTOT after training and for ROMER and ROMREL after a match. Conclusions: Despite the small sample size of the present study, the findings indicate that a single football activity leads to significant changes in hip rotation ROM in players with restricted bilateral hip external-rotation ROM. However, these changes did not reach reference cut-off scores.

Background and Objectives: Flexor hallucis longus pathology is one of the most common conditions of the ankle and foot in dancers, due to the high demand of dance movements performed in an extreme plantar flexion and dorsiflexion range of motion. The objectives of this study were to determine the bilateral differences between the thickness and cross-sectional area of the flexor hallucis longus muscle in dancers, to establish possible differences between dance modalities, and to analyze whether there is a correlation between ultrasonographic parameters or performance variables and the dance modality. Material and Methods: A sample of 50 (29 classical and 21 contemporary) full-time pre-professional female dancers were included in the study. The thickness and cross-sectional area of the flexor hallucis longus muscle were evaluated for both limbs using ultrasound imaging. The range of movement of the first metatarsophalangeal joint was measured using functional extension with maximal ankle plantarflexion, balance was measured in a unilateral stance with the heel raised, endurance was evaluated through a modified heel rise fatigue test, and a counter movement jump to assess the vertical jump performance was measured bilaterally. Results: There were no significant differences recorded between the dominant and non-dominant limbs for each variable, within both groups. Contemporary dancers showed a greater thickness and cross-sectional area of the flexor hallucis longus muscle than classical dancers. However, classical dancers showed an increase of balance, endurance, range of movement of the first metatarsophalangeal joint, and counter movement jump with respect to contemporary dancers. Conclusion: Bilateral symmetry was identified in all variables for both groups. The size and performance of the flexor hallucis longus muscle may be influenced by the specific nature of dance modality.

Background: Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is one of the most common gynecological disorders in women of reproductive age that may affect quality of life. It is believed that the underlying cause of PD may be the excessive production of prostaglandins (PGs), however, between 20%−25% of women with PD did not respond to pharmacological treatments, showing that nociceptive mechanisms underlying PD are still not understood. The purpose of this study was to measure and compare, through the use of ultrasound imaging, the thickness at rest of the abdominal wall, as well as the interrecti distance (IRD), in women with and without PD. Methods: A cross-sectional study has been performed using ultrasound imaging (USI) to measure the resting thickness of the external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), transversus abdominis (TrAb), rectus abdominis (RA), as well as the IRD in a sample of 39 women, 19 with PD and 20 without PD (median ± IR age: 20 ± 4 and 22.5 ± 7 years, respectively). Results: Findings of muscular thickness did not reveal statically significant differences (p < 0.05) in EO, IO, TrAb, RA, and the IRD between the PD group and control group. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the thickness of the abdominal wall is not associated with PD.

Background and Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to quantify and compare lateral abdominal musculature thickness, including the transverse abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO), and external oblique (EO) muscles, via rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI) during the use of the expiratory flow control device (EFCD) versus the classic abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational pilot study. Twenty-one women were recruited and assessed the thickness of each muscle (TrA, IO, and EO) by ultrasound imaging at rest, during the ADIM, and during expiration with the EFCD. Waist circumference was also measured under the same circumstances. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed between ADIM, EFCD, and at rest condition for the thickness of the TrA (p = 0.001) and IO (p = 0.039). Moreover, statistically significant differences for TrAb at rest compared with the ADIM (p = 0.001, Cohen’s d = 2.183) and at rest and with the EFCD (p = 0.001, Cohen’s d = 2.843). In addition, between ADIM and EFCD were not statistically significant, although a moderate effect size was found (p = 0.055, Cohen’s d = 0.694). For the IO muscle thickness, significant differences were reported between the EFCD and at rest (p = 0.038), Cohen’s d = 0.081). Conclusions: Significant differences in the increase of the thickness of the TrA and IO muscles during the use of the EFCD and the ADIM with respect to rest. In addition, for the TrA, statistically significant differences were found during expiration with the EFCD with respect to the ADIM. Expiration with EFCD can be a useful method for the activation of the TrA.

Background and Objectives: Rugby players engage in demanding, high loading muscular activity in the spine. Study of the abdominal wall architecture in female rugby athletes is relevant to the possible muscular asymmetry secondary to sport practice and the relationship between the abdominal wall and the pelvic floor muscles. Activation of the transversus abdominis (TrAb) generates an increase in the bladder neck muscle. Moreover, an increased interrecti distance (IRD) is related to urinary incontinence and has a higher prevalence in athletic women. The aim of the present study was to compare and quantify, with ultrasound imaging (USI), the thickness of the transversus abdominis (TrAb), external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), rectus abdominis (RA), and interrecti distance (IRD) in female rugby players versus non-athletic women in order to improve upon existing knowledge about abdominal wall configuration in female athletes. Materials and Methods: A sample of 32 women was recruited at the Universidad Europea Research Lab and divided in two groups: a rugby group (n = 16) and a non-athletic women group (n = 16). The thickness of the TrAb, EO, IO, RA, and IRD were assessed by USI in both groups. Results: There were statistically significant differences for the ultrasound evaluation thickness of the right TrAb (p = 0.011; d = 0.10), EO (p = 0.045; d = 0.74), IO (p = 0.003; d = 1.32), and RA (p = 0.001; d = 1.38) showing a thickness increase for the rugby group with respect to the control group. For the IRD thickness, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between groups. Conclusions: An increased TrAb, IO, EO, and RA thickness may be shown in female rugby players versus non-athletic women. Nevertheless, statistically relevant differences were not found for the IRD between both groups.

We report a case of a 38-year-old mold-allergic patient who developed episodes of generalized urticaria and systemic anaphylactic shock immediately after ingesting button mushrooms. A manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and a NADP-dependent mannitol dehydrogenase (MtDH) from Agaricus bisporus mushroom were identified as patient-specific IgE-binding proteins. Cross-reactivity between A. bisporus MnSOD and mold aeroallergens was confirmed. We conclude that prior sensitization to mold aeroallergens might explain severe food reactions to cross-reacting homologs mushroom proteins.

OBJECTIVE: This research was designed as a pilot proof-of-concept study to evaluate the use of low-dose methadone in post-herpetic neuralgia patients who remained refractory after first and second line post-herpetic neuralgia treatments and had indications for adding an opioid agent to their current drug regimens. METHODS: This cross-over study was double blind and placebo controlled. Ten opioid naïve post-herpetic neuralgia patients received either methadone (5 mg bid) or placebo for three weeks, followed by a 15-day washout period and a second three-week treatment with either methadone or placebo, accordingly. Clinical evaluations were performed four times (before and after each three-week treatment period). The evaluations included the visual analogue scale, verbal category scale, daily activities scale, McGill pain questionnaire, adverse events profile, and evoked pain assessment. All patients provided written informed consent before being included in the study. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01752699 RESULTS: Methadone, when compared to placebo, did not significantly affect the intensity of spontaneous pain, as measured by the visual analogue scale. The intensity of spontaneous pain was significantly decreased after the methadone treatment compared to placebo on the category verbal scale (50% improved after the methadone treatment, none after the placebo, p = 0.031). Evoked pain was reduced under methadone compared to placebo (50% improved after the methadone treatment, none after the placebo, p = 0.031). Allodynia reduction correlated with sleep improvement (r = 0.67, p = 0.030) during the methadone treatment. The side effects profile was similar between both treatments. Conclusions: Methadone seems to be safe and efficacious in post-herpetic neuralgia. It should be tried as an adjunctive treatment for post-herpetic neuralgia in larger prospective studies.

La violencia y las adicciones constituyen problemas de gran impacto en las personas, las familias y las comunidades, pues alteran el normal desenvolvimiento y la posibilidad de desarrollarse plenamente. En su presentación participan múltiples factores que obligan a que las alternativas de solución sean articuladas desde diferentes sectores y con una mirada integradora. Las perspectivas de un buen desarrollo individual y colectivo dependerán de la eficacia de las acciones que se tomen, desde la mirada de la Salud Pública.Violence and addictions produce a great impact over persons, families, and communities. They impair their normal development and affect the possibility of individuals to fully grow. There are many different factors involved in their presentation, so proposed solutions must come from different sectors with an integrated point of view. The prospects of an adequate individual and collective development depend on the efficacy of the actions taken, from the public health point of view.

Se presenta el caso de un paciente varón de 17 años de edad, estudiante, procedente de Lima, sin antecedente de contacto tuberculoso, con Elisa para HIV no reactivo, quien fue diagnosticado, 21 días antes de su ingreso, de tuberculosis pulmonar activa con baciloscopia en esputo 3 +, por lo que inició tratamiento específico con esquema I. Fue hospitalizado por presentar dolor torácico tipo punzada de inicio súbito y disnea moderada, encontrándose en el examen físico abolición de las vibraciones vocales, ausencia de murmullo vesicular e hipersonoridad en hemitórax derecho, compatible con neumotórax de dicho lado. En la radiografía de tórax se evidenció importante colapso pulmonar en hemotórax derecho. Se colocó tubo de drenaje toráxico con sello de agua y se continuó con tratamiento específico. Su evolución fue tórpida, habiéndose complicado con empiema piógeno, siendo necesaria la realización de una toracostomia, lo que motivó una hospitalización prolongada. El neumotórax espontáneo secundario se presenta con mayor frecuencia en la fase de fibrosis de la tuberculosis. Se trata, por tanto, de complicación muy infrecuente de la tuberculosis pulmonar activa recientemente diagnosticada, motivo por el cual presentamos el caso.

Objetivos. Identificar a los pobladores indígenas afectados por tuberculosis (TB) en el Perú durante el año 2008. Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional, descriptivo, realizado de agosto a diciembre de 2009, que incluyó a los pacientes indígenas afectados por tuberculosis que ingresaron al programa durante el año 2008, de las 25 regiones del Perú; los cuales se presentan en tablas y gráficos elaborados en SPSS 16.0 y Excell 2007. Resultados. Se identificó a 702 indígenas con tuberculosis. El grupo étnico que presenta la mayor cantidad de pacientes con TB son los quechuas (417/702; 59,4%), los indígenas amazónicos (201/702; 28,6%) de los cuales los grupos étnicos que presenta más del 60% de indígenas con TB, son los Ashaninka (Campas), Shipibo y Matsiguenga. En tercer lugar se encuentran los indígenas aymaras quienes presentaron (84/702; 11,97% de todos los pacientes diagnosticados con TB). Es importante mencionar que la distribución de los casos de tuberculosis multidrogoresistente involucra a cinco departamentos (nueve casos con TB MDR), siendo mayor el número de casos de TB MDR antes tratado 6/9, encontrándose sólo tres casos de TB MDR nuevos, pertenecientes al grupo indígena quechua. Conclusiones. Se han reportado altas tasas de incidencia en población indígena, lo que hace necesario investigaciones más profundas que garanticen la adecuada recolección de información por grupos étnicos a fin de contar con una evidencia de mayor jerarquía acerca de la situación de la tuberculosis en población indígena del Perú.Objective. To identify the indigenous inhabitants affected by tuberculosis (TB) in Peru during the year 2008. Material and methods. Descriptive observational study, performed from August to December 2009, including all indigenous patients affected by tuberculosis that were including in the Control Program during the year 2008 in the 25 regions of Peru. Results. We identified 702 indigenous patients with tuberculosis. The ethnical groups that have most patients were the Quechua group (417/702; 59.4%) and the Amazonic indigenous (201/702, 28.6%). Out of the Amazonic, more than 60% belonged to the Ashaninka (Campas), Shipibo and Matsiguenga groups. In third place, we found the Aymara natives, who had 84/702 (11.97%) of cases of tuberculosis. It is important to mention that the distribution of the cases of multidrugresistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) involves five departments (nine cases of MDR TB), being the greater number of cases of MDR TB in patients previously treated (6/9), and only 3 cases were primary MDR TB, belonging to the quechua group. Conclusions. High incidence rates of tuberculosis in indigenous population have been found, which raises the need of further research in order to guarantee the correct gathering of information in ethnic groups in order to have more and better evidence about the situation of tuberculosis in the indigenous population of Peru.

Objetivos. Conocer el cuadro clínico, formas de diagnóstico y tratamiento de los pacientes que presentan el síndrome conocido como chacho y cuál es su prevalencia sentida en cinco distritos de Ayacucho. Materiales y métodos. Estudio cuali-cuantitativo, que incluyó dos grupos de participantes, el primero (95) fueron pobladores o familiares de éstos, que alguna vez en su vida presentaron chacho, el segundo grupo (11) constituido por curanderos de cada comunidad. Resultados. El chacho (alcanzo, hapiruzqa en quechua), se considera como una enfermedad de origen mágico, caracterizada por presentar fiebre, malestar general, rechazo a algunos derivados lácteos y carne de chancho; en la mayoría de los pacientes se menciona el antecedente de descanso cercano a un cerro o dormir en el suelo (tierra). El tiempo de duración de la enfermedad fue menor de una semana en promedio y se evidenció que el tratamiento incluye, el consumo de gasolina, creso, kerosene, así como el pagapo (pago a la tierra). El consumo de medicamentos agrava la condición de salud del paciente. La prevalencia sentida varió entre 9,1 a 38,0 casos por mil habitantes y la mortalidad sentida entre 3,8 a 16,8 por diez mil habitantes. Conclusiones. El chacho es un síndrome cultural vigente, que debe ser reconocido y abordado por el personal de salud, brindándonos así la oportunidad, de armonizar los conocimientos ancestrales de la medicina tradicional con los biomédicos actuales.

Objectives. To determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HVB) infection and seroprotection in indigenous children living in three draining basins of the Peruvian Amazon. Materials and methods. A cross sectional study was conducted in three draining basins (Pastaza, Morona and Lower Urubamba rivers), home to six indigenous populations: shapra, candoshi, machiguenga, yine, ashaninka and nanti. Children under 5 years were included. A survey and review of the vaccination card was applied, and a serum sample was processed with ELISA for HBsAg, total anti-HBc and anti-HBs was obtained, defining “seroprotected children” if they were reactive to anti-HBs and non-reactive to anti-HBc. Results. A total of 742 children under 5 years old residents in six indigenous communities were included in the study. 380 (51.2%) were male and 169 (22.9%) one year old or younger. Regarding recorded HVB vaccination on the card, only 434 (58.5%) had received three doses; 208 (38.8%) received the first dose within 24 hours. No cases were detected with HBsAg. 88.8% of children had seroconverted, varying between 67-100% across the populations. Conclusions. No cases of chronic HBV infection were detected. The vaccination coverage by card revision is low, contrasting with high seroconversion rates.

We assessed a kallikrein-like amidase activity probably related to the kallikrein-kinin system, as well as the participation of leukocyte infiltration in renal ischemia and reperfusion. Male C57BL/KSJmdb mice were subjected to 20 or 60 min of ischemia and to different periods of reperfusion. A control group consisted of sham-operated mice, under similar conditions, except for ischemia induction. Kallikrein-like amidase activity, Evans blue extravasation and myeloperoxidase activity were measured in kidney homogenates, previously perfused with 0.9% NaCl. Plasma creatinine concentration increased only in the 60-min ischemic group. After 20 min of ischemia and 1 or 24 h of reperfusion, no change in kallikrein-like amidase activity or Evans blue extravasation was observed. In the mice subjected to 20 min of ischemia, edema was evident at 1 h of reperfusion, but kidney water content returned to basal levels after 24 h of reperfusion. In the 60-min ischemic group, kallikrein-like amidase activity and Evans blue extravasation showed a similar significant increase along reperfusion time. Kallikrein-like amidase activity increased from 4 nmol PNA mg protein-1 min-1 in the basal condition to 15 nmol PNA mg protein-1 min-1 at 10 h of reperfusion. For dye extravasation the concentration measured was near 200 µg of Evans blue/g dry tissue in the basal condition and 1750 µg of Evans blue/g dry tissue at 10 h of reperfusion. No variation could be detected in the control group. A significant increase from 5 to 40 units of DAbs 655 nm g wet tissue-1 min-1 in the activity of the enzyme myeloperoxidase was observed in the 60-min ischemic group, when it was evaluated after 24 h of reperfusion. Histological analysis of the kidneys showed migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes from the vascular bed to the interstitial tissue in the 60-min ischemic group after 24 h of reperfusion. We conclude that the duration of ischemia is critical for the development of damage during reperfusion and that the increase in renal cortex kallikrein-like amidase activity probably released from both the kidney and leukocytes may be responsible, at least in part, for the observed effects, probably through direct induction of increased vascular permeability.

La violencia y las adicciones constituyen problemas de gran impacto en las personas, las familias y las comunidades, pues alteran el normal desenvolvimiento y la posibilidad de desarrollarse plenamente. En su presentación participan múltiples factores que obligan a que las alternativas de solución sean articuladas desde diferentes sectores y con una mirada integradora. Las perspectivas de un buen desarrollo individual y colectivo dependerán de la eficacia de las acciones que se tomen, desde la mirada de la Salud Pública.

Objetivos. Determinar la prevalencia de infección y de sobreprotección para virus hepatitis B (HVB) en niños indígenas residentes en tres cuencas de la Amazonía peruana. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico en tres cuencas hidrográficas (ríos Pastaza, Morona y Bajo Urubamba), donde habitan seis pueblos indígenas: shapra, candoshi, machiguengas, yine, ashaninka y nanti. Se incluyeron niños menores de 5 años. Se aplicó una encuesta y revisión del carné de vacunación, y se obtuvo una muestra de suero que se procesó con la técnica de ELISA para detectar HBsAg, anti-HBc total y anti-HBs, definiendo “niños seroprotegidos” si fueron reactivos al anti-HBs y no reactivos al anti-HBc. Resultados. Se incluyó un total de 742 niños menores de 5 años residentes en seis comunidades indígenas, donde 380 (51,2%) eran varones y 169 (22,9%) de un año a menos. Sobre la vacunación contra HVB registrado por carné, solo 434 (58,5%) había recibido tres dosis; 208 (38,8%) recibieron la primera dosis en las primeras 24 h. No se detectaron casos con HBsAg. El 88,8% de los niños había seroconvertido, con variaciones según la población indígena entre 67 a 100% de seroconversión. Conclusiones. No se detectaron casos de infección crónica para HVB en la población evaluada. La cobertura de la vacunación mediante revisión del carné es baja en contraste el promedio de seroconversión que es alto.

Objetivos. Determinar la prevalencia de infección y de sobreprotección para virus hepatitis B (HVB) en niños indígenas residentes en tres cuencas de la Amazonía peruana. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico en tres cuencas hidrográficas (ríos Pastaza, Morona y Bajo Urubamba), donde habitan seis pueblos indígenas: shapra, candoshi, machiguengas, yine, ashaninka y nanti. Se incluyeron niños menores de 5 años. Se aplicó una encuesta y revisión del carné de vacunación, y se obtuvo una muestra de suero que se procesó con la técnica de ELISA para detectar HBsAg, anti-HBc total y anti-HBs, definiendo “niños seroprotegidos” si fueron reactivos al anti-HBs y no reactivos al anti-HBc. Resultados. Se incluyó un total de 742 niños menores de 5 años residentes en seis comunidades indígenas, donde 380 (51,2%) eran varones y 169 (22,9%) de un año a menos. Sobre la vacunación contra HVB registrado por carné, solo 434 (58,5%) había recibido tres dosis; 208 (38,8%) recibieron la primera dosis en las primeras 24 h. No se detectaron casos con HBsAg. El 88,8% de los niños había seroconvertido, con variaciones según la población indígena entre 67 a 100% de seroconversión. Conclusiones. No se detectaron casos de infección crónica para HVB en la población evaluada. La cobertura de la vacunación mediante revisión del carné es baja en contraste el promedio de seroconversión que es alto.