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The basis of acupuncture is still being studied from many different aspects. Some preliminary views include: 1) The analgesic function of acupuncture derives from the clashing of the biochemical lines of acupuncture and those of the pain stimulus in the transmitting processes of the central nervous system, the former overriding the latter. 2) Acupuncture strengthens the cerebral cortex's inhibiting processes and raises the pain threshold. 3) Acupuncture has an effect on the reticular structures of the brain stem and the limbic system of the cerebrum. 4) Acupuncture stimulates the sympathetic nerve centers of the hypothalamus, and it's functions are mediated by the sympathetic nerves. 5) Acupuncture's effect is transmitted through the chemicals in the body's fluids.

Four patients were studied for intercostals nerve blockade in cholecystectomy. All of the patients were poor risks (Class 4) and received premedication before the procedure. Intercostals nerve blockade (ICNB) of the 7th and 10th thoracic nerves on the right side was performed with lidocaine 1% plus adrenaline 5 ml. at each segment, T7-T10 (a total dose of 20 ml). Ventilation was controlled using intermittent positive pressure throughout the observation period. Heart rate and arterial pressure remained within normal limits in all patients.