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The aim of the study was to study the dynamics of clinical and allergic characteristics of patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) in Samara over the past 5 years. Clinical and allergological examination was performed in 1526 patients from 2012 to 2018. For skin prick testing, 16 names of standard allergens were used. In 2018, the most common forms of AR were seasonal – 40.7 % and combined (seasonal and perennial) forms of AR – 39.8 %. Over the past 5 years, there has been a 1.5-fold increase in seasonal forms of AR (pollinosis). The structure of sensitization revealed an increase in pollen allergy from 39.2 % to 50.6 %, and a decrease in the level of hypersensitivity to epidermal allergens from 29.9 % to 14.5 %. Sensitization to weeds remains dominant in patients with pollinosis and ranges from 82.8 % to 75.2 % in 2012 and 2018, respectively. The predominance of polysensitization to different groups of allergens over monosensitization remains: 55.8 % and 44.2 %, respectively.

Objective: to analyze dynamics of sporulation of mold fungi in order to predict the risks of exacerbation of allergic diseases in Samara.Materials and methods. We evaluated the concentration of fungal spores between April 1st and September 30th in 2016–2019 in the air. Mold spores were captured using an impactor trap on slides covered with a mixture of vaseline and wax with subsequent counting of spore number and their identification.Results. The mean vegetative period of mold fungi in Samara city was 164 days. We have identified spores of Cladosporium and Alternaria, which accounted for 34.4 % of the total number of spores in the atmospheric air of Samara. Cladosporium spores were detected during the entire observation period; their proportion was 15.3% from the total number of fungal spores, their maximum concentrations were within the normal limits and did not exceed 960 spores/m3. The proportion of Alternaria spores was 19.1%. In some periods, concentrations of Alternaria spores exceeded threshold values: the concentration between 10 and 100 spores/m3 was observed 4 to 31 days per months; the concentration above 100 spores/m3 was observed 2 to 25 days per month. The highest total monthly concentration of Alternaria spores was detected in July–September, during the period of sagebrush and ragweed pollination, which can potentially hamper the diagnosis and treatment of patients who have exacerbations of their allergic diseases in this period.Conclusion. We have identified the main taxa of mold fungi, analyzed their regional specificity and assessed the risk of allergic diseases in individuals sensitized to Alternaria and Cladosporium species. Our findings will help to optimize the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of allergic diseases in the region.

The true prevalence of pollinosis in general and of weed susceptibility to pollen in particular (mainly wormwood and ragweed) in Russia and worldwide has not been studied enough. The ragweed is a quarantine weed, which is a native species in Russia. Wormwood is a large genus of herbaceous plants, in Russia the most common bitter and common wormwood. The aim of the study was to study the level of sensitization to ragweed pollen and wormwood in Samara region for 5 years. In the city of Samara revealed the growth of sensitization to ragweed pollen and wormwood from 2012 to 2017, which is consistent with the data on the leading role of ragweed pollen and wormwood as a risk factor for the development of pollinose in the region. Taking into account the data on ragweed distribution in the region is three separate, to avoid cross-reactions between allergens of different types of ragweed and wormwood, and to identify the truth of sensitization in these patients should be conducted component allergy diagnostics.