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Objective To explore the mediating effect of facial emotion recognition on prosocial behavior of medical students in mask-obscured scenes. Methods Fifty-three medical students from a medical university in Chongqing were enrolled from July to September 2023 to complete the facial emotion recognition task, the dictator gaming task and the state empathy test. Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine the correlation between mask wearing and state empathy, trait empathy and prosocial behaviours, and the PROCESS procedure was used to test the mediation of state empathy and the moderating effect of mask wearing or not. Results ① mask wearing, state empathy and prosocial behaviour were significantly correlated (P < 0.01); ②State empathy exerted mediated effect between facial emotion recognition and prosocial behavior, with the largest effect size (47%) for the relative mediating effect of sadness; ③The interaction terms of facial emotion recognition and mask wearing had a significant effect on state empathy (P < 0.05). Conclusion Facial emotion recognition can influence prosocial behavior directly and also exert indirect effect on prosocial behavior through state empathy. Compared to the condition without mask wearing, mask wearing can significantly facilitate the effect of happy, sad and neutral emotions on state empathy.

Objective To explore the change features over time in anxiety, depression, insomnia, and professional identity in new recruits, and investigate the change rules in correlation over time of professional identity with anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Methods A total of 272 new recruits were surveyed twice with Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), and Military Professional Identification Scale. Results ① Over time, the GAD-7, PHQ-9 and AIS scores were decreased [Z(based on the negative rank)=-5.134, -4.991, -5.915, P < 0.001], but that of professional identity was increased [Z(based on the positive rank)=-4.392, P < 0.001]. ②The correlation of professional identity with anxiety, depression and insomnia was gradually decreased over time, and the interaction effects of professional identity by training time on anxiety, depression and insomnia were significant (Wald Chi-square=6.335, 10.487, 4.147, P < 0.05). Conclusion During the new training period, anxiety, depression, insomnia are decreased, and professional identity is increased over time. The correlation of professional identity with anxiety, depression and insomnia is declined during the training among the new recruits.

Objective To explore the characteristics of anxiety, depression and insomnia of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in Shanghai makeshift hospital. Methods Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), and self-complied questionnaire were used to survey 765 COVID-19 patients in a Shanghai makeshift hospital during April 9 and May 15, 2022 through an online survey system. Their statuses and characteristics of anxiety, depression, and insomnia as well as their influencing factors were analyzed. Results The positive detection rate of anxiety, depression and insomnia of the patients was 22.22%, 26.67% and 24.05%, respectively, which were significantly lower than the rates of 2020 (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in the scores of PHQ-9, GAD-7 and AIS among the patients of different gender, age, and education levels (P < 0.05). The adverse effects of patients were mainly synthesized as 9 themes, among which the top 3 adverse effects were economics, work and family, accounting for 38.43%, 27.58% and 17.91% of the reported population, which were different from the adverse effects of the disease itself in 2020. The adversely affected patients had significantly higher PHQ-9, GAD-7 and AIS scores than those who were not affected by adverse effects (P < 0.05). The model fitness of current data was acceptable (χ2/df=3.999, GFI, NFI, IFI, TLI, CFI>0.9, RMSEA=0.063, SRMR=0.053), indicating that adverse effects positively predicted a latent variable of anxiety, depression, and insomnia, with a standardized coefficient of 0.209 (P < 0.001). Conclusion With the global development of the epidemic, the infected individuals have decreased anxiety and depression, and the adverse effects on them have shifted from the disease itself to concerns about the economy, work, and family.

Objective To explore the effect of psychological education scheme on mental adaptation of preselected recruits. Methods Delphi method was used to construct the psychological adaptation education program for preselected recruits. A total of 108 preselected recruits from a city in Shandong Province were divided into experimental group and control group. The experimental group were given psychological education, while the control group received routine training only. Adaptability Questionnaire for Army Recruits, Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), and Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS) were used to evaluate the effect of psychological intervention. Results ① The expert consultation results showed that the index system of the curriculum framework of psychological adaptation education scheme for preselected recruits should include 1 level Ⅰ indicator, 5 level Ⅱ indicators and 19 level Ⅲ indicators covering mental health knowledge, role adaptation, pressure adaptation, interpersonal adaptation and emotional adaptation of soldiers. ②The interaction between groups and time showed that the total scores of psychological adaptation, military environmental identity, and scores of SDS and CPSS in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group after the intervention(Wald Chi-square=5.598, 7.777, 7.978, 18.132; P < 0.05). Conclusion Psychological education can effectively improve the mental adaptation ability of preselected recruits and relieve their depression and psychological pressure.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of risk perception of military personnel in different areas during the early stage of COVID-19 outbreak. Methods We conducted an online survey of risk perception using Risk Cognitive Questionnaire (RCQ) among 4 526 young (18 to 35 years of age) military officers and soldiers serving in 31 Chinese provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities between January 26th to February 4th, 2020. The difference in risk perception was analyzed among the individuals from different geographic regions with varying epidemic risks (grades C1~C5 according to the cumulative number of confirmed cases in each province and city) and distances from the risk area (grades D1~D5 according to the straight distance to Wuhan). Results The factor scores of RCQ varied significantly among the military personnel serving in regions with different grades of epidemic risk (F=22.399, P < 0.001). With the reduction of the grade of epidemic risk, the changes in RCQ scores of the surveyed participants presented with an inverted N-shaped curve (P < 0.01). The RCQ scores also varied significantly with the distance from the risk areas (F=15.729, P < 0.01), and as the distance from the risk area increased, the RCQ scores of the participants showed a gradual downward trend (P < 0.05). Gender, age, education and marital status all significantly affected RCQ scores of the participants in different areas (P < 0.01 or 0.05). Conclusion In the early stage of COVID-19 outbreak, the level of risk perception among young military personnel is decreased gradually with the decrease of the grade of local risk and the increase of distance from the epicenter of the outbreak.

Objective To investigate the risk perception of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among young military personnel serving in high-altitude regions in the early stage of COVID-19 outbreak. Methods Using Risk Cognitive Questionnaire (RCQ), we conducted an online survey of risk perception for COVID-19 among 1 093 young military personnel serving in regions of different altitudes (< 1 000 m, 3 000-4 000 m, and >4 000 m) in the early stage of COVID-19 outbreak (January 28 to 30, 2020), and analyzed the differences in risk cognition among the subjects. Results ① The military personnel serving in high- and low-altitude regions showed significant differences in total RCQ scores and the scores for controllability, familiarity, fear and reversibility (P < 0.05). ②The total RCQ scores differed significantly among the subjects with different marital status, education levels and experience of public health emergencies (P < 0.05). ③Altitude, marital status, education and experience of public health emergencies were all important factors affecting risk perception of the disease among the young military personnel (P < 0.05). ④The personnel serving in low-altitude (< 1 000 m) regions who were unmarried, had a college degree, and had previous experience of public health emergencies had the lowest total RCQ scores, while those serving in regions above 4 000 m who were married and had at least a bachelor's degree without experience of public health emergencies had the highest total RCQ scores (P < 0.05). Conclusion As the altitude increases, the risk perception for COVID-19 tends to increase among the young military personnel. Special attention should be given to the mental health status of the well-educated, married personnel serving in high-altitude regions who have no experience of public health emergencies.