1. Regulatory T cells promote myelin regeneration in the central nervous system
- Author
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Amanda Boyd, Samara Fleville, Bernard Perbal, Ingrid V. Allen, Chao Zhao, Sonia R. Mayoral, Jonah R. Chan, Yvonne Dombrowski, Adrien Kissenpfennig, Rosana Penalva, Denise C. Fitzgerald, Emma Evergren, Rebecca J. Ingram, Marie Dittmer, Michelle Naughton, Jill Moffat, Peter Bankhead, Anna Williams, Rachel Hassan, Robin J.M. Franklin, Thomas O'Hagan, Peter W. Hamilton, Paul N. Moynagh, Georgios Eleftheriadis, John Falconer, Zhao, Chao [0000-0003-1144-1621], Franklin, Robin [0000-0001-6522-2104], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
- Subjects
lymphocytes ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Adoptive cell transfer ,T-Lymphocytes ,Cellular differentiation ,Neurodegenerative ,multiple sclerosis ,Regenerative Medicine ,T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ,Mice ,Myelin ,Psychology ,Myelin Sheath ,Stem Cells ,General Neuroscience ,Brain ,Cell Differentiation ,hemic and immune systems ,Regulatory ,3. Good health ,Oligodendroglia ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Female ,Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human ,Cognitive Sciences ,Multiple Sclerosis ,1.1 Normal biological development and functioning ,T cell ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,neuroimmunology ,Biology ,Autoimmune Disease ,Article ,Nephroblastoma Overexpressed Protein ,03 medical and health sciences ,Underpinning research ,Journal Article ,medicine ,Animals ,Regeneration ,Remyelination ,Neurology & Neurosurgery ,Regeneration (biology) ,Multiple sclerosis ,Neurosciences ,Oligodendrocyte differentiation ,Stem Cell Research ,medicine.disease ,Brain Disorders ,030104 developmental biology ,nervous system ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Regeneration of CNS myelin involves differentiation of oligodendrocytes from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. In multiple sclerosis, remyelination can fail despite abundant oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, suggesting impairment of oligodendrocyte differentiation. T cells infiltrate the CNS in multiple sclerosis, yet little is known about T cell functions in remyelination. We report that regulatory T cells (T$_{reg}$) promote oligodendrocyte differentiation and (re)myelination. T$_{reg}$-deficient mice exhibited substantially impaired remyelination and oligodendrocyte differentiation, which was rescued by adoptive transfer of T$_{reg}$. In brain slice cultures, T$_{reg}$ accelerated developmental myelination and remyelination, even in the absence of overt inflammation. T$_{reg}$ directly promoted oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation and myelination in vitro. We identified CCN3 as a T$_{reg}$-derived mediator of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination in vitro. These findings reveal a new regenerative function of T$_{reg}$ in the CNS, distinct from immunomodulation. Although the cells were originally named 'T$_{reg}$' to reflect immunoregulatory roles, this also captures emerging, regenerative T$_{reg}$ functions.
- Published
- 2017