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WOS: 000482264200004 PubMed: 30821520 We investigated the effects of Nigella sativa oil on ovary volume, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappa B), X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) expression, and serum malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels in diabetic rats. We divided 21 adult female rats into three groups: controls, diabetics and diabetics + N. sativa oil. The diabetics + N. sativa oil group was given 0.2mg/kg/day N. sativa oil 6days/week for 4weeks. NF-kappa B and XIAP expression was assessed in ovarian sections using immunohistochemistry. The right and left ovary volumes were calculated using stereology. We also measured serum MDA, SOD, TAS and TOS levels. We found that N. sativa oil reduced hyperglycemia, but not to control levels. N. sativa oil also exhibited antioxidant properties as demonstrated by reduced serum TOS and MDA levels, and increased SOD and TAS levels compared to controls. We found no significant difference in total ovarian volume, XIAP or NF-kappa B expression among the groups, which may be due to the short study period. Our findings suggest that N. sativa oil may be useful for reducing blood glucose levels and elevated oxidant activity in diabetic patients. Scientific Research Projects Coordination Office of Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey [141318002] Funding for this research was provided by Scientific Research Projects Coordination Office of Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey (project 141318002).

Objective: Paraplegia is a dangerous complication of thoracoabdominal aortic surgery. Various studies have been conducted on the prevention of this complication and some spinal cord protection methods have been proposed. However, there is not any modality that prevent the development of paraplegia certainly. In the I / R period, primary injury triggers secondary injury due to increased inflammation, apoptosis and free radical formation. In this study, we evaluated that the neuroprotective effect of adalimumab in spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury. Materials and Methods: In total, 24 adult New Zealand rabbits were divided into three groups: Group 1, control; Group 2, ischemia-reperfusion by infrarenal aortic clamping; Group 3, adalimumab treated followed by ischemia. Tissue and plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, total oxidant status and total antioxidant status levels were analyzed as a marker of inflammation and oxidation. Histopathological evaluation of the tissues was performed, and apoptosis was evaluated by TUNNEL method. Results: I/R injury significantly increases plasma and spinal cord tissue at TNF alpha, TOS, TBARS, IL6 levels and reduces plasma and spinal cord tissue to TAS and IL10 levels. Adalimumab treatment significantly reduces plasma and spinal cord tissue to TNF alpha, TOS, TBARS, IL6 and increases plasma and tissue to TAS and IL10 levels. Conclusion: Adalimumab treatment significantly reduces the spinal cord neuronal damage score and the number of apoptotic cells. This paper aims to demonstrate the important neuroprotective effects of adalimumab on rabbit spinal cord I/R injury.

OBJECTIVE Hyperglycaemia is an important risk factor for the development and progression of the macrovascular and microvascular complications that occur in diabetes. The expression of apoptotic markers in the aortic medial layer of diabetic rats and the effects of N. sativa L. seed oil on the expression of these markers were investigated in this study. METHODS Four-month-old adult female Wistar rats (n=21) were divided into 3 groups: Group 1, control; Group 2, diabetes and Group 3, diabetes+N. sativa L. seed oil. Group 3 received 0.2 mg/kg/day N. sativa L. seed (black cumin) oil intraperitoneally 6 days per week for 30 days. At the end of the experiment, abdominal and thoracic aortas of all animals were collected and fixed in 10% formalin solution. Then, 5-μm-thick sections were stained with Verhoeff-Van Gieson stain to evaluate Bax and Caspase 3 expression. Tunica intima-media thickness was measured using the stained sections. RESULTS There were no significant differences in abdominal or thoracic aortic intima-media thickness among the 3 groups. However, there were significant differences in Bax and Caspase 3 expression in the tunica media of the thoracic and abdominal aortas between Group 1 and Group 2 (p

PubMed: 20859065, The effects of diabetes mellitus during cooling on ACh-and KCl-induced responses were investigated in rat urinary bladder. Diabetes was induced in the rats by 50 mg/kg streptozotocin via an intraperitoneal injection. Rats' body and bladder weights were measured. The isometric tension to ACh (10-9 -3 × 10-4 M) and KCl (5-100 mM) in strips of urinary detrusor muscle of diabetic and non-diabetic rats, in organ baths at 37 and 28°C were recorded. The body weights were significantly decreased and the bladder weights increased in STZ-induced diabetic group compared to the non-diabetic group. ACh and KCl caused concentration-dependent contractions of urinary bladders from non-diabetic and STZ-induced diabetic rats. During cooling, the sensitivity and the maximal response were significantly higher than those during 37°C, both in non-diabetic and diabetic preparations. Cooling of detrusor muscle preparations induces a graded contraction inversely proportional to the temperature in diabetic rats. It may be assumed that the cooling response involves the same mechanisms in the diabetic and non-diabetic animals.

Laparoscopic surgery techniques have been increasingly preferred to classic laparotomy by surgeons since 1987. However, this method has some important adverse effects on intra-abdominal organs. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of different pressures of CO(2) on apoptosis and p53 expression in cells in liver and spleen.In total, 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the study. CO(2) was insufflated into the intra-abdominal cavity via angiocatheter cannule by an insufflator in two different pressures of 10 and 20 mm Hg for 60 min. However, in the control group, only cannule was inserted into the intra-abdominal cavity, but no gas was insufflated. After 60 min, the rats were killed and laparotomy was applied. The liver and spleen were excised. The samples were histologically processed and immunohistochemistry was applied.All the data revealed that the number of apoptotic cells in liver and spleen increases in proportion to CO(2) pressure level. No p53 expression was detected in both organs.CO(2) pressure level and application time may affect on cells living in liver and spleen. High pressure and/or long application time may cause releasing of cytokines and superoxide radicals from these organs' cells, and transient or serious organ dysfunctions may occur.

ulkay, muzaffer basak/0000-0002-0928-0462; keskin, ilknur/0000-0002-7059-1884; ESENER, Osman/0000-0001-9444-3598; Kaplan, Suleyman/0000-0003-1477-5002 WOS: 000351794000001 PubMed: 25485952 The potential ability of melatonin to protect against impairment of the fetal peripheral nerve system due to maternal consumption of diclofenac sodium (DS) was investigated. Eighty-four pregnant rats were divided into seven groups: control (CONT), saline administered (PS), DS administered (DS), DS with low-dose melatonin administered (DS + MLT10), DS with high-dose melatonin administered (DS+MLT50), low-dose melatonin administered (MLT10), and high-dose melatonin administered (MLT50). After the pregnancy, six male newborn rats from each group were sacrificed at 4 and 20 weeks of age. Their right sciatic nerves were harvested, and nerve fibers were evaluated using stereological techniques. Mean numbers of myelinated axons, axon cross-section areas and the mean thickness of the myelin sheet were estimated. Four-week-old prenatally DS-exposed rats had significantly fewer axons, a smaller myelinated axonal area, and a thinner myelin sheath compared to CONT group (p < 0.05). Although melatonin at both doses significantly increased axon numbers, only a high dose of melatonin increased the diameter of those axons (p < 0.05). At 20-weeks of age, myelinated axon number in the DS group was not only significantly lower than all other groups (p < 0.05) but also the cross-sectional area of these axons was smaller than all other groups (p < 0.05). There were no differences between the groups regarding the mean thickness of the myelin sheet. The current study indicates that prenatal exposure to DS decreases the number and the diameter of sciatic nerve axons and that melatonin prophylaxis can prevent these effects. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Scientific and Technical Research Council of Selcuk UniversitySelcuk University [10102002] This work was supported by a grant from the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Selcuk University [Grant # 10102002]. The authors are grateful to Osman Akdag, MD for skillful technical assistance in the research laboratory; Ender Erdogan, MD, PhD for help with the histological analysis, and Sinan Canan, PhD for assistance during the preparation of the manuscript.

WOS: 000285996800014, PubMed: 20585328, Study design: Experimental Study. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of iloprost and piracetam on spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the rabbit. Settings: The Experimental Research Center of Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey. Methods: A total of 24 rabbits were divided into four groups of six rabbits each, as follows: group 1 (n = 6) sham, laparotomy only; group 2 (n = 6) I/R; group 3 (n = 6) I/R + iloprost; and group 4 (n = 6) I/R + piracetam. I/R was established in groups 2, 3 and 4. Subsequently, they were followed up neurologically for 24 h until the rabbits were killed; biochemical and histopathological examinations of samples from the spinal cord were carried out. Results: Neurological examination results were significantly better in the iloprost and piracetam groups compared with the I/R group (P0.05). Conclusion: This study has shown that iloprost and piracetam have neuroprotective effects in I/R injury both neurologically and histopathologically because of inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Spinal Cord (2011) 49, 81-86; doi: 10.1038/sc.2010.76; published online 29 June 2010

During laparoscopic surgery, gases such as carbon dioxide (CO(2)), helium, or normal air are insufflated into the intra-abdominal cavity so the surgeon can obtain a clear surgical field; however, this insufflation technique may cause injury to the intra-abdominal organs. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of different pressures of CO(2) on the apoptotic index in the peritoneum during laparoscopic surgery. A total of 30 Sprague-Dawley male rats were used in the study. CO(2) was insufflated into the intra-abdominal cavity via an angiocatheter cannula by an insufflator at pressures of 10 and 20 mm Hg over 60 min. In the control group, the cannula was inserted into the intra-abdominal cavity, but no gas was insufflated. After 60 min, the rats were killed; peritoneum was harvested from the abdominal wall and was cultured in the cell culture laboratory. Apoptotic and living cells were detected immunohistochemically, and the apoptotic index was calculated and statistically analyzed. The data collected revealed that the apoptotic index increases in proportion to the level of CO(2) pressure. CO(2) pneumoperitoneum is a very useful technique. Gas pressure must be carefully set during the operation, however, or injured mesothelial cells may cause serious malfunction.

WOS: 000250658500003, PubMed: 17297496, Study design: Experimental study. Objectives: To determine the neuroprotective effects of zinc and melatonin on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injuries of rabbits. Setting: The Experimental Research Centre of Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey. Methods: Twenty-four male rabbits underwent spinal cord ischemia by clamping the thoraco-abdominal aorta for 20 min. Twenty-minutes before the aortic clamping, animals received zinc, melatonin or a combination of both. Neurological examination of the animals was performed three times during reperfusion period. The animals were killed 24 h after reperfusion. Spinal cord samples were taken for biochemical and histopathological evaluation. Results: Pre-treated animals with zinc, melatonin or combination displayed better neurological outcomes than the I/R group (P < 0.05). Zinc, melatonin and combined treatment prevented spinal cord injury by reducing apoptosis rate (P < 0.05) and preserving intact ganglion cell numbers (P < 0.05). Zinc pre-treatment protected spinal cord by preventing malondialdehyde (MDA) formation (P = 0.002), increasing glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity(P = 0.002) and decreasing xanthine oxidase enzyme activity (P = 0.026) at molecular level. Melatonin treatment also resulted with MDA formation (P = 0.002), increased GPx activity (P = 0.002) and decreased xanthine oxidase activity(P = 0.026). Conclusion: The results of the study showed that prophylactic zinc and melatonin use in spinal cord I/R not only suppressed lipid peroxidation by activating antioxidant systems but also had significant neuroprotective effects by specifically improving the neurological and histopathological situation.