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WOS: 000444193000022, PubMed ID: 29399752, Background: The anterior clinoid process (ACP) is usually removed during surgical procedures of the cellar region. The ACP may be different length and width in people; it may be also pneumatic. Therefore, we aimed to determine dimensions and rates of pneumatisation of the ACP in the large study group with clinically importance. Materials and methods: One thousand and thirty-one (592 female, 439 male) cranial computed tomography (CT) of the middle Anatolian population was used in this study. The length and basal width of the ACP were measured on the cranial CT. Also; incidence and degree of ACP pneumatisation were identified. Results: The width of the right and left ACPs in females were 10.80 +/- 2.27 mm and 10.53 +/- 2.07 mm, respectively. The width of the right and left ACPs in males were 11.08 +/- 2.39 mm and 10.98 +/- 2.35 mm, respectively. The length of the right and left ACPs in females were 8.32 +/- 2.40 mm and 8.34 +/- 2.35 mm, respectively. The length of the right and left ACPs in males were 8.87 +/- 2.62 mm and 8.93 +/- 2.64 mm, respectively. There was statistically significant difference between males and females in ACP dimensions, except for the width of the right ACP. Pneumatisation of the ACP was observed on the right side in 46 (9.3%) cases, on the left side in 53 (10.6%) cases, and bilaterally in 32 (6.5%) cases. Incidence of pneumatisation of the ACP was decreased in the age group of 1 month to 20 years. While the incidence of bilateral pneumatisation of the ACP was higher in individuals aged 21-40. Conclusions: Radiologically recognising pneumatisation and anatomical variations of the ACP may be helpful in decreasing the incidence of surgical complications during anterior clinoidectomy.

WOS: 000396710000008, Background: Tonsillar herniation is a condition that manifests as herniation of the brain parts, originating from the hindbrain and progressing through the foramen magnum into the cervical vertebral canal. Although the etiology of tonsillar herniation is unclear, it has been suggested that it may be congenital or acquired. In particular, there is speculation that primary mesodermal insufficiency may affect the size of the posterior cranial fossa. Objectives: Our main objective is to perform measurements of the cranium, cerebrum, and cerebellum in order to clarify the etiology of tonsillar herniation. Patients and Methods: Magnetic resonance images were taken for 1,052 patients (629 females and 423 males) with no disease affecting the bones. Chiari malformation type I (CMI) was detected in 63 of the patients. The remaining 989 patients were considered to be the control group. The patients' mean age was 36.58 +/- 22.34 (1-94 years). Measurements were performed using midsagittal and axial T1 and T2 images. Nine parameters were used to evaluate cranium morphometry, while a further nine were used to evaluate cerebrum and cerebellum morphometry. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 14 statistics software, in addition to the t-test and the Mann-Whitney U test. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: In individuals with tonsillar herniation, while the front-back diameter of the foramen magnum, the cerebellum height, and the sagittal diameter of the cerebellum increased, the maximum cranial height, supraocciput length, clivus length, and height of the posterior cranial fossa decreased. Also, in the case of all age groups, there was no statistically significant difference between the healthy controls and the people with tonsillar herniation in terms of tentorial slope angle. The mean herniation value was 4.85 +/- 3.09mmin those with tonsillar herniation. Conclusion: Our results concerning cranium morphometry support the theory that hypoplastic posterior cranial fossa due to mesodermal insufficiency may play a role in the etiology of tonsillar herniation.

WOS: 000320699800002, PubMed ID: 23599707, Background: Morphometric data of the frontal lobe are important for surgical planning of lesions in the frontal lobe and its surroundings. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques provide suitable data for this purpose. Objectives: In our study, the morphometric data of mid-sagittal MRI of the frontal lobe in certain age and gender groups of children have been presented. Patients and Methods: In a normal age group of 6-17-year-old participants, the length of the line passing through predetermined different points, including the frontal pole (FP), commissura anterior (AC), commissura posterior (PC), the outermost point of corpus callosum genu (AGCC), the innermost point of corpus callosum genu (IGCC), tuberculum sella (TS), AGCC and IGCC points parallel to AC-PC line and the point such line crosses at the frontal lobe surface (FCS) were measured in three age groups (6-9, 10-13 and 14-17 years) for each gender. Results: The frontal lobe morphometric data were higher in males than females. Frontal lobe measurements peak at the age group of 10-13 in the male and at the age group of 6-13 in the female. In boys, the length of FP-AC increases 4.1% in the 10-13 age group compared with the 6-9-year-old group, while this increase is 2.3% in girls. Conclusion: Differences in age and gender groups were determined. While the length of AGCC-IGCC increases 10.4% in adults, in children aged 6-17, the length of AC-PC is 11.5% greater than adults. These data will contribute to the preliminary assessment for developing a surgical plan in fine interventions in the frontal lobe and its surroundings in children.

WOS: 000208633000004, PubMed ID: 23329945, Background: The clivus is a bone region between dorsum cella and foramen magnum. It can be evaluated very clearly in routine brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to its central location. Objectives: Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the clivus and its changes according to age in a group of healthy people. Patients and Methods: The transition of clival bone marrow to fatty marrow by the increase in age is examined by MRI in 105 men and 105 women who had no clival and bone marrow pathology on MRI. The clivus/pons, clivus/CSF intensity values and clival bone marrow imaging patterns according to age groups were prospectively evaluated using a 1.5 Tesla MR device. Results: When age groups were individually compared, there were meaningful statistical differences both in men and women in terms of clivus/CSF and clivus/pons intensity ratios (both Ps < 0.05). Clivus/pons and clivus/CSF intensity ratios were found to be increased with age in all cases. The distribution of age groups according to stages in all individuals was statistically meaningful (P < 0.05). When the appearance patterns of both genders in every ten-fold age were examined, stage III bone marrow was observed more in elder ages. Conclusions: As a result, besides the fact that standard ranges determined for clivus/CSF, clivus/pons intensity ratios according to age may be used in the assessment of potential pathological cases involving bone marrow; they can also be leading in the diagnosis of bone marrow diseases when taken into consideration together with clinical and laboratory data. Copyright (c) 2011, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Iranian Society of Radiology. Published by Kowsar Corp. All rights reserved.

WOS: 000304626800053, PubMed ID: 22197522, Background: The objective of this study is the classification of the thickness of diploe and dimensions of cranium at different points of cranium in men and women according to age groups. Material and method: In the radiology archive, measurements were made at different points in magnetic resonance (MR) images of 305 (188 females and 117 males) patients, the average ages of whom were 40.98 +/- 20.44 (age range: 4-90) and who had no disorder of the bones. To determine diploe thickness, midfrontal, back and front bregma, lambda, opisthocranion and euryon points were used in the measurement. As for the determination of cranial volume, distances between glabella-opisthocranion, basion-vertex, basion-opisthion, euryon-euryon, nasion-basion, nasion-bregma, bregma-lambda and lambda-opisthocranion were measured. The data were loaded to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 16.0 program. T-test, Mann-Whitney U, Pearson correlation coefficient and Kruskal-Wallis variance analysis were used in the statistical assessment. Results with a p value smaller than 0.05 were accepted as significant. Results: There was a statistically significant positive correlation between age and diploe thickness in all measurement points. The diploe thickness was also increased with age (p < 0.05). In all points, average diploe thickness was higher in age 61 and over than the other groups (p < 0.001). At the same time, diploe thickness in parietal bones was lower than frontal and occipital bones in both sexes. According to craniometric results cranium in males was bigger (p < 0.001). While the distance between glabella-opisthocranion increased in both sexes aged 61 and over, basion-vertex height decreased in women in the same group (p < 0.05). Interestingly, there was no meaningful statistical difference among age groups in terms of maximum cranial width (p > 0.05). Foramen magnum length decreased related to age in both men and women (p < 0.001). Conclusion: These results related to diploe thickness and cranium dimension may be leading in the determination of sex and age; surgical interventions to the cranium and bone graft choice may increase the reliability of the operation. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.