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Antrochoanal polyp (ACP) is a benign soft tissue lesion arising from the inner wall of the maxillary sinus that extends into the nasal cavity and choana. Although it was first explained by Killian in 1906, the underlying pathogenesis has not been yet fully understood. Neurotrophins have been demonstrated to have a possible role in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis, idiopathic rhinitis and nasal polyps. To date any study has not investigated the function of neuronal inflammation and neurotrophins in the development of ACP. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible effect of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) in ACP pathogenesis.Twenty adult patients with ACP who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery in our department were included in the study group. The control group included 15 patients with concha bullosa of middle concha who underwent lateral excisional surgery. Nasal tissue NT-3 staining scores were evaluated using immunohistochemical methods. Blood NT-3 levels of both groups were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).There were no statistically significant differences between these two groups regarding tissue NT-3 staining scores (p=0.843) and blood NT-3 levels (p=0.463). In addition, no statistically significant correlation has been observed between tissue NT-3 staining scores and blood NT-3 levels in both ACP (p=0.578) and control (p=0.359) group patients.NT-3-related neuronal inflammation does not seem to have any role in ACP pathogenesis.Antrokoanal polip (AP), maksiller sinüs iç duvarından kaynaklanan, nazal kavite ve koanaya uzanan benign yumuşak doku lezyonudur. İlk kez 1906’da Killian tarafından açıklanmasına rağmen, altta yatan patogenezi halen tam olarak anlaşılamamıştır. Nörotropinlerin alerjik rinit, idiyopatik rinit ve nazal polip patogenezinde rolü olabileceği gösterilmiştir. Bugüne kadar nöronal inflamasyon ve nörotropinlerin AP oluşumundaki fonksiyonunu araştıran çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Nörotropin 3 (NT-3)’ün AP patogenezinde olası etkisini araştırmaktır.Çalışmaya kliniğimizde endoskopik sinüs cerrahisi yapılan AP’li 20 erişkin hasta alınmıştır. Kontrol grubu, lateral eksizyon yapılan 15 orta konka büllozalı hastayı içermektedir. Nazal dokuda NT-3 boyanma skorları immünohistokimya ile değerlendirilmiştir. Her iki grubun kan NT-3 seviyeleri Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ile değerlendirilmiştir.İki grup arasında doku NT-3 boyanma skorları (p=0,843) ve kan NT-3 seviyeleri (p=0,463) bakımından anlamlı fark yoktur. Ek olarak doku NT-3 boyanma skorları ile kan NT-3 seviyeleri arasında hem AP (p=0,578) hem de kontrol (p=0,359) grubunda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı korelasyon yoktu.NT-3 bağımlı nöronal enflamasyonun, AP patogenezinde rol oynamadığı düşünülmüştür.

The aim of this study was to investigate the expression levels of miR-126-3p, miR-182-5p, miR-183-5p, miR-184, miR-221-3p, and miR-205-5p in primary pterygium tissue and compare these levels with those in healthy conjunctiva tissue.Twenty-four patients who were diagnosed with grade 3 primary pterygium and scheduled for surgery between January 2014 and January 2016 and had no systemic disease or other ocular pathology were included in the study. The control group comprised nasal interpalpebral conjunctival tissue specimens from 24 age- and sex-matched patients with no history of systemic disease or ocular pathology other than cataract. Expression levels of miR-126-3p, miR-182-5p, miR-183-5p, miR-184, miR-221-3p, and miR-205-5p were determined and compared between the pterygium and conjunctiva specimens.Expression levels of miR-182-5p, miR-183-5p, and miR-184 were significantly higher in pterygium tissue compared with normal conjunctival specimens (P0.0001, P=0.01, and P=0.01, respectively), whereas expression of miR-221-3p was significantly lower (P=0.02). Expression levels of miR-126-3p and miR-205-5p did not differ significantly between the 2 groups (P0.05).Expression levels of miR-182-5p, miR-183-5p, and miR-184 are increased, whereas expression of miR-221-3p is decreased in primary pterygium tissue, and these miRNAs may play a role in the pathogenesis of pterygium.

Gastric cancer is the fourth most prevalent malignancy worldwide and remains the second most common cause of cancer-related death globally. Understanding the molecular structure of gastric carcinogenesis might identify new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for this disease. Thus, early detection of gastric cancer is a key measure to reduce the mortality and improve the prognosis of gastric cancer. There have recently been several reports that microRNAs (miRNAs) circulate in highly stable, cell-free forms in blood. Because serum and plasma miRNAs are relatively easy to access, circulating miRNAs also have great potential to serve as non-invasive biomarkers. Although a number of miRNAs associated with gastric cancer have been identified, the underlying mechanism of these miRNAs in tumorigenesis and tumor progression remains to be investigated. The purpose of this study is to identify the potential of serum miRNAs as biomarkers for early detection of gastric cancer patients. RNA was isolated using the High Pure miRNA Isolation Kit (Roche) following the manufacturer’s protocol. cDNA and preamplification protocols were obtained from the isolated plasma miRNAs. The BioMark™ 96.96 Dynamic Array (Fluidigm Corporation) for real-time qPCR was used to simultaneously quantite the expression of 740 miRNAs. All statistical analyses were performed using the Biogazelle’s qbase PLUS 2.0 software. In this study, among 740 miRNAs that we analyzed only miR-195-5p was significantly (p