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Herbal medicines have been used for disease prevention and treatment for both humans and animals worldwide. The present study was designed to determine the herbs used during pregnancy in Jos and to evaluate attitudes of pregnant women. The survey was carried out in antenatal clinics. Information was obtained from pregnant women (17-60 years) through both informal, unstructured conversations and the use of structured questionnaire. Botanical data were focused on the name and part of the herbs or plant used during pregnancy including herbs, herbal preparations and finished products having medicinal properties. In total, 300 pregnant women were enrolled for this study. The respondents were farmers (33.3 %), housewives (26.7%) and students (23.3 %). The most commonly used herbs were, garlic (16.7 %), pawpaw (13.6 %), ginger (13.0 %) and Moringa (8.0 %). Among the parts, bulb was the most used (16.7 %) followed by fruits (14 %). The most common reasons for the use were: herbal medicine is more effective than conventional medicine for some medications (20 %) and more easily accessed than conventional medicine (20 %). Most of the women were advised by family (31.3 %) and believed herbs had fewer side effects. The findings revealed their knowledge on medicinal plants. The women used one or more herbal medicine during pregnancy. Keywords: Pregnant women; Herbal medicine; Medicinal plants; Jos; Nigeria

Global Tuberculosis (TB) control is facing major challenges such as occurrence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR). The current TB drugs are getting less effective and associated with side effects limiting their use, especially with MDR and XDR infected patients. In Mali, many medicinal plants are used against various diseases including bacterial infections. The study aimed at studying the antimycobacterial activities of 60 extracts from 22 Malian medicinal. The antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv was assessed employing micro-broth dilution method. Out of 60 extracts evaluated, eleven from nine different plants were found to be active against H37Rv strain. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranked from 125 μg/mL to 1250 μg/mL. The most active extracts (125 μg/mL) were represented by ethanolic extract of Saba senegalensis and Vitellaria paradoxa leaves, dichloromethane extract of Cola cordifolia leaves, Strychnos spinosa and Ximenia Americana roots. Ethanolic extract of Zizyphus mauritiana, Guiera senegalensis and methanolic extract of Anthocleista djalonensis also prevented the growth of H37Rv at 250 μg/mL. The results suggest that Saba senegalensis, Vitellaria paradoxa, Cola cordifolia, Strychnos spinosa and Ximenia Americana could be potential sources of antimycobacterial molecules

Goal: The objective of our study was to assess the evolution of the knowledge and behavior of pharmacy pharmacists in the fight against malaria with a view to involving officer's pharmacists in the fight against malaria.Method: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study that took place in two phases in the private dispensaries of the Bamako district of Mali. The first phase of the study (initial investigation) took place from April to May 2014 and covered 55 pharmacists from communes III and VI in Bamako. The second phase (monitoring) took place from November 2014 to November 2015, after training of all dispensary pharmacists in the Bamako district in accordance with the PNLP guidelines, which concerned all pharmacists in the Bamako district.Result: This revealed that some indicators are significantly improved: possession of a national policy document; Knowledge of drugs recommended for simple malaria; Practice and sale of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria. Other indicators have increased: availability of ACTs; Sale of insecticide-treated mosquito nets; Behavior before a suspicion of simple malaria; Behavior before suspicion of severe malaria.Conclusion: Thus, an involvement of officer pharmacists in malaria epidemiological surveillance can significantly reduce malaria morbidity and mortality. We recommend to the pharmacists the dispensation of the antimalaria ones according to the recommendations of the national program of fight against the malaria.

Au Mali, les racines tuberisees de Vernonia kotschyana Sch. Bip. ex Walp. sont utilisees pour le traitement des gastrites et de l’ulcere gastroduodenal. La pression d’exploitation de la plante a entraine la rarefaction de cette plante dans la nature. Dans le but de l’introduire en culture, un essai de culture a ete entrepris. Pour ce faire, l’effet de la technique de travail du sol, de la fumure organique et de la densite de plantation sur la production de racines tuberisees a ete etudie a travers un dispositif en Split-plot en 4 repetitions. Les resultats obtenus ont montre que la production de racines tuberisees chez Vernonia kotschyana est influencee par la technique de travail du sol (6,30 t/ha) et la densite de plantation (8,25 t/ha). Par contre, malgre une production maximale de 8 t/ha, la fumure organique n’a pas produit d’effet significatif sur la production de racines tuberisees. Toutefois, l’interaction densite de plantation/dose d’engrais a produit des effets significatifs sur la production de racines tuberisees. En conclusion, le billonnage et la densite de plantation ont produit le meilleur effet sur la production de racines tuberisees. Mots cles : Vernonia kotschyana , culture, production de racines tuberisees. English Title: Ridging effect, planting density and organic manure on the production of tuberous roots of Vernonia kotschyana Sch. Beep. ex Walp. In Mali, the tuberous roots of Vernonia kotschyana Sch. Beep. ex Walp. are used for the treatment of gastritis and peptic ulcer. The operating pressure of the plant has led to the rarefaction of this plant in nature. With a view to introduce it into culture, a culture test was undertaken. To do this, the effect of the tillage technique, organic manure and planting density on the production of tuberous roots was studied through a splitplot device in 4 repetitions. The results obtained showed that the production of tuberous roots in Vernonia kotschyana is influenced by tillage technique (6.30 t/ha) and planting density (8.25 t/ha). On the other hand, despite a maximum production of 8 t/ha, the organic manure did not have a significant effect on the production of tuberous roots. However, the interaction planting density/fertilizer dose produced significant effects on the production of tuberous roots. In conclusion, ridging and planting density produced the best effect on tuberous root production. Keywords : Vernonia kotschyana , culture, tuberous root production.