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BACKGROUND: Malnutrition in pregnant women has been known to bring effects on the mothers’ and infants’ health. Food or nutrient supplementation is now being used to correct the problems. Moringa Oleifera leaves and honey are the two types of natural supplements used by pregnant women. AIM: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the potential effects of Moringa, honey, and both compared to ironfolic acid supplements given to pregnant women on the pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the extent of the benefits of the supplementation of M. Oleifera, honey, or both against pregnant women. There were seven studies which are conducted in Indonesia on this topic. RESULTS: This review shows that M. Oleifera leaves in the form of extract and powder as well as honey could improve maternal weight and hemoglobin, and baby’s birth weight. Moreover, both interventions could reduce stress and protect mothers and their babies from negative effects of oxidative stress. CONCLUSION: Nevertheless, efforts are needed to formulate a recommended dose as adequate supplements for pregnant women.

Objective This review addressed recent knowledge about the association of the infant gut microbiome with postnatal growth. Methods This was a narrative review using sources from Medline and Scopus databases. The key terms such as microbiome ((infant gut microbiome OR gut microbiota OR intestinal microbiome OR intestinal microbiota) AND growth (stunting OR growth faltering OR growth impairment OR malnutrition OR malnourished)) were used. From 51 studies identified in the search stage, 13 studies are eligible for inclusion in this review. Results The included studies demonstrate the potential pathways of the gut microbiome in relation to growth. Microbiota in neonate's gut may have the ability to regulate somatotropic axis activity that can maintain growth, inducing insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) production. Besides, the gut microbiota is the key to increasing nutrients absorption that is essential to support tissue formations. Microbes in the intestine can also interact with the host's immune system protecting the barrier system to defend against the invasion of the pathogenic bacteria from the outside environment. Conclusions Microbes–host interactions may have a potential association with postnatal growth, although studies showing the causality are limited. Further studies observing the effect of the gut microbial colonization on infant growth is necessary.

Objective Pepino contains of flavonoid and phenol as antioxidant which can reduce total cholesterol. This research was aimed to study the effect of pepino extract on high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) in type 2 diabetic rats. Method The study was a randomized pre–posttest control group design. The subjects of this study were 20 male Wistar rats divided into 4 groups, they are control group, the group of pepino extract dosage 250 mg/kg BW, pepino extract dosage 500 mg/kg BW, and preventive group. Rats were induced diabetes with alloxan. Pepino extract was supplied for 2 weeks. Blood glucose level was evaluated on day 3 after alloxan injection, then HDL and LDL were monitored. Results The effect of pepino extract was not found significant to increase HDL or reduce LDL-C of diabetic rats at two different doses (p Conclusion Pepino extract can maintain HDL-C and LDL-C on alloxan induced diabetic rats. This food can potentially be a functional food that maintains the cholesterol profile.

Objective: This study was to examine the effects of counselling delivered during antenatal care on the knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women about danger signs in pregnancy.Methods: This was a pre-experimental design using one group pre- and post-test only. This study was conducted in Takalar, specifically within Sanrobone Community Health Service working area. Takalar is located in South Sulawesi Province Indonesia and this area is coastal with the majority of people working as a fisherman. Participants of this study were pregnant women living in the villages which are included in the working area of Sanrobone Community Health Service.Results: The study shows that counselling improved knowledge and attitude of pregnant women about danger signs in pregnancy (p=0.011 and p=0.025, respectively). The number of pregnant women with good knowledge and positive attitude increased after the intervention (43.8% vs 93.8%, 62.5% vs 93.8%, respectively).Conclusions: In can be concluded that intervention by means of counselling can improve the knowledge and attitude of pregnant women about danger signs in pregnancy. Therefore, it is important to implement the counselling program delivered by health workers in Community Health Service in order to mitigate the risk of maternal mortality.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the role of physical activity in the Hb level of adolescent girls who previously supplemented with the Moringa oleifera (MO) powder in Jeneponto District. Method This study was a quasi-experiment study with pre- and post-test control group design. It was conducted in four (4) senior high schools in Tamalate subdistrict, where anemia among adolescent girls is more prevalent compared to other subdistricts. Senior High School no 2, Babussalam DDI Kassi School, Vocational High School of Persada and Islamic High School of Darul I’tisham were purposively selected representing the public and private school in Jeneponto Regency. A total of 48 respondents divided into two groups, MO group (receiving MO powder with 2 × 2 of 500 mg capsule) and control group (without treatment), were observed for three months. Hb samples were collected twice with Finger Prick method using HemoCue. Mann–Whitney and Wilcoxon test were performed to analyze the result. Results There was no difference in characteristic variables between the treatment and the control group. This study shows that the average percentage of nutrient intakes was varied across the type of nutrients. The lowest was protein intake (1.85%) while the highest was vitamin A (27.22%). Linear regression analysis shows that physical activity did not change Hb levels (p = 0.11) with R2 was 0.054. Conclusion In summary, it was found that physical activity did not significantly affect Hb changes, as this factor only has a small contribution. Intensive monitoring and observation should be promoted to keep the students doing physical activity. Thus, they maybe protected to the risk of anemia.

Background: The prevalence of anemia among pregnant women is becoming public health problem worldwide including Indonesia. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and determinant factors of anemia among pregnant mothers in Jeneponto Regency, Indonesia.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in six sub-districts (Bangkala, Bontoramba, Tamalatea, Binamu, Tarowang, and Kelara subdistricts) in Jeneponto Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. A total 616 samples of pregnant women were evaluated. The DiaspectTM tool was used to measure hemoglobin (Hb) by Cyanmethemoglobin method. Data regarding household characteristics, pregnancy history, maternal age, supplementary feeding (PMT) programme enrolment, and dietary pattern was collected by trained enumerators. Data were analyzed using chi-square and performed by SPSS.Results: There was 17.3% of study participant did not complete primary school or never attended school. As many as 82.4% of households had members that still actively smoked. The majority of households had latrines (62.0%), homes constructed from wood/bamboo (69.5%), and drinking water from cement wells (28.2%). The average body weight and height were 53.88 kg and 152.37 cm, respectively. The average middle-upper arm circumference was 25.72 cm, and mean Hb was 11.31 g/dL. The prevalence of anemia in Jeneponto Regency reached 39.08%. Only two determinant factors were significantly associated with anemia: Gestational age and PMT programme enrollment.Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in Jeneponto Regency remains very high and exceeds global and national prevalence rates. Gestational age and PMT programme enrollment are two anemia determinant factors among pregnant mothers in Jeneponto Regency.

The nutrition transition in low-middle income countries is marked by rising intakes of highly caloric, low nutrient-dense (junk) foods, decreasing intakes of fruits and vegetables, and sedentary behavior. The objective of this study was to explore interactions among fruit-and-vegetable intake, junk food energy intake, sedentary behavior, and obesity in Indonesian children. We conducted this school-based, case-control study in 2013 in Yogyakarta Special Province, Indonesia. The cases were 244 obese children aged 7&ndash, 12 years having a BMI &gt, 95th percentile of an age- and sex-specific distribution from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The controls (n = 244) were classroom-matched children with a BMI &lt, 85th percentile. Using conditional logistic regression, the relative odds (95% confidence intervals, OR: 95% CI) of obesity given reported frequent fruit-and-vegetable intake (&ge, 3 servings/day), low junk food energy (&le, 1050 kcal/day) intake and low sedentary behavior (&lt, 5 h/day) was 0.46 (0.30&ndash, 0.69), 0.61 (0.37&ndash, 0.98), and 0.18 (0.12&ndash, 0.28), respectively. Effect sizes were dose-responsive and appeared additive. For example, children with low sedentary behavior and frequent fruit-and-vegetable intake were 92% less likely (OR = 0.08, 0.04&ndash, 0.15) to be obese than children not exceeding either of these thresholds. Similarly, children frequently eating fruits and vegetables and reporting a low junk food energy intake were 70% less likely (OR = 0.30, 0.15&ndash, 0.59) to be obese. The findings were unchanged after adjusting for child, maternal, and household covariates. Preventive interventions for child obesity need multiple components to improve diets and raise levels of physical activity rather than just addressing one of the three types of assessed behaviors.

Based on the initial study, the prevalence of anaemia in pregnant women reached 39.0%. This study aims to see the effect Moringa leaf (extract and powder) to haemoglobin concentration among pregnant women. This study is true experimental by using double-blind randomized control trial design (DB-RCT). The study conducted in six sub-districts located in Jeneponto District. Total 616 samples have been selected purposively and pregnant women with diseases were excluded. Samples were divided into three groups, Moringa leave powder (PG), Moringa leave extract (EG), and folic-iron (IG) and have been administered for 12-weeks. Samples dropped out were 92 with several reasons. Therefore, only 524 samples could be analysed at Endline study. There were no characteristic variables have statistically significant, the current study shows that the majority of household do not have trash can (81.9%). Overall, after intervention, haemoglobin concentration declined significantly from 11.36 to 10.71 (p

Maternal and child health problems in Indonesia are alarming, such as mortality, chronic energy deficiency (CED) among pregnant women, low birth weight and stunting among infants. These problems can be addressed by taking early precautions during pregnancy. Supplementary feeding (PMT) program is available for CED pregnant women. This study aims to examine the effect of PMT program on pregnancy output. A total 211 of pregnant women in Parepare municipality were selected as study participants. The design of this study was cohort. This study compared between CED pregnant women who get PMT program and non-CED pregnant women who did not get PMT program. Both of these groups also obtained iron folic acid (IFA) tablets. The measurements of Hb were conducted in each trimester, while weight and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) twice. Determination of Hb used HemoCue (Hb201+ system). Weight measurement using weight scale owned by Community Health Centre. This study was conducted from March 2017 to May 2018. Results of anthropometric measurements, in both CED and non-CED groups, there was a significant changes from baseline to endline measurement (p

Pregnancy is the most critical period of growth and development change. Low and high birth weight infant would be having in the future the risk of many health problems. Adequate gestational weight gain (GWG) based on preconception body mass index (BMI) is important for optimal birth weight infants. This study aimed to 1) assess the relationship between preconception BMI and totalGWG; 2) calculate proportion of mother who does not meet weight gain recommendation. The longitudinal prospective study conducted from February 2013 to June 2014. The total 37 preconception women enrolled as samples and only 18 samples can be measured for GWG in 3rd trimester. Exclusion criteria were: 1) no data weighing for more than 3 months, 2) no records of first day of last menstrual period (LMP), and 3) miscarriage. Data of GWG compared to weight gain recommendations based on preconception BMI issued by Institute of Medicine. Collected data were analyzed by using STATA v.11. T-test was used to analyze the mean differences of BMI among groups then regression analysis was operated to assess the RR of GWG and nutritional status. We found no significant associations between preconception BMI and GWG (p>0.05). Based on maternal nutritional status at preconception, the highest risk not reaching GWG recommendation were in underweight women in 3rd trimester (RR=1, 43 [95%CI: 1, 00-2, 06]) (p