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The treatment of rectal cancer is complex and responsible for sequelae due to the various therapeutic modalities, especially the surgical resection. The advent of minimally invasive surgery provided a faster postoperative recovery and a lower complication rate when compared to conventional surgery. The implementation of laparoscopic approach in rectal cancer was responsible for these better results, but the limitations of this method added to the development of robotics, raised the question of which minimally invasive method would be more advantageous in the approach of rectal cancer. The present review will address the most recent data regarding the comparison between the laparoscopic and robotic approach in rectal cancer. Resumo: O tratamento do câncer de reto é complexo e responsável por sequelas causadas pelas diversas modalidades terapêuticas, principalmente a ressecção cirúrgica. O advento da cirurgia minimamente invasiva está associado a uma recuperação pós-operatória mais rápida e uma menor taxa de intercorrências do que as observadas na cirurgia convencional. A implementação da abordagem laparoscópica no câncer de reto foi responsável por esses melhores resultados, mas as limitações do método, bem como o desenvolvimento da cirurgia robótica, levantaram a questão de qual método minimamente invasivo seria mais vantajoso na abordagem desse tipo de câncer. A presente revisão apresenta os dados mais recentes na comparação entre a abordagem laparoscópica e robótica no câncer retal. Keywords: Rectal cancer, Minimally invasive surgery, Robotic surgery, Laparoscopic surgery, Palavras-chave: Câncer retal, Cirurgia minimamente invasiva, Cirurgia robótica, Cirurgia laparoscópica

Introduction :Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (neoCRT) followed by surgery is the standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), and sphincter preservation is a desirable endpoint, but quality of life (QOL) is often impaired after treatment. Objective To evaluate QOL in five different moments of treatment in a randomized trial comparing two different neoadjuvant regimens. Methods Stage II and III rectal cancer patients were randomized to receive neoCRT with either capecitabine (Group 1) or 5-Fu and leucovorin (Group 2) concomitant to long course radiotherapy. EORTCs QLQ C30 and CR38 were applied before treatment (T0), after neoCRT (T1), after rectal resection (T2), early after adjuvant chemotherapy (T3), and one year after end of treatment or stoma closure (T4). Wexner scale was used for continence evaluation at T4. A C30 summary score (Geisinger et cols) was calculated to compare QOL results.Results 32 patients were assigned to Group 1and 31 to Group 2. QOL was improved comparing T0 to T1 (mean 80.5 vs 88.0, p

Introduction: In recent years, a standardized surgical approach for low rectal cancer was proposed and adopted in many centres. The extralevator abdominoperineal excision introduce an extensive resection of the pelvic floor and demonstrated superiority if the procedure is done in the prone jack-knife position, especially regarding intraoperative perforation and circumferential resections margins. The aim of this study is to evaluate the surgical and oncological short-term outcomes of prone extralevator abdominoperineal excision. Methods: All patients registered in our institution from January 2003 to January 2015 who underwent abdominoperineal resection or prone extralevator abdominoperineal excision for low rectal cancer after preoperative chemoradiation were retrospectively included from prospective maintained data base and were compared regarding surgical and oncological outcomes. Results: Eighty-nine patients underwent curative intent resections. Abdominoperineal resection was performed in 67 patients and prone extralevator abdominoperineal excision in 22 patients. There were no statistical significant differences between groups regarding pathological stage, median number of harvested lymph node, intraoperative perforation, circumferential resections margins involvement and recurrence rates. Surgical outcomes were statistically different between groups. Twenty-six patients (29%) developed perineal complications, 21% of the abdominoperineal resection patients and 55% of the prone extralevator abdominoperineal excision (p

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis of worldwide distribution. Currently, two drugs, pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine, are used as a reference in the treatment of toxoplasmosis, but the resistance of Toxoplasma gondii appears as a relevant public health problem. In order to identify new drugs to toxoplasmosis treatment, we performed a molecular docking of raltitrexed to T. gondii thymidylate synthase-dihydrofolate reductase (TS-DHFR) and also evaluated its efficacy in infected mice. Initially, raltitrexed was docked on the crystallographic structures of TS-DHFR from T. gondii and Mus musculus. Then, 48 h after infection with the T. gondii RH strain, different groups of mice received an oral dose of raltitrexed (0.15, 0.75, and 1.5 mg kg−1). Two days after treatments, raltitrexed was able to prevent mortality and reduce the number of tachyzoites in the peritoneal fluid and liver imprints from infected mice. The results showed that raltitrexed has important protective activities against the T. gondii RH strain. Molecular docking still suggests that the effects against the parasite may be dependent on the inhibition of T. gondii thymidylate synthase. This study opens new perspectives for the use of raltitrexed in patients infected with T. gondii, especially when conventional treatments do not exhibit the expected efficacy.

Malaria is a global public health problem that causes approximately 445 000 deaths annually worldwide, especially in underdeveloped countries. Because of the high prevalence and mortality of the disease, new and less toxic therapeutic agents need to be developed, such as MEFAS, a low-cost hybrid salt that consists of artesunate and mefloquine. However, the efficacy of MEFAS has been systematically demonstrated, its safety requires further investigation. This study investigated the acute toxicity of MEFAS and its precursors, artesunate, and mefloquine. A total of 42 female Swiss mice were divided into seven groups (

Introduction: Minimally invasive surgery has revolutionized surgical management in the treatment of colorectal neoplasms, reducing morbidity and mortality, hospitalization, inactivity time and minimizing cost, as well as providing adequate oncological results when compared to the conventional approach. Robotic surgery, with Da Vinci Platform, emerges as a step ahead for its potentials. The objective of this article is to report the single institutional experience with the use of Da Vinci Platform in robotic colorectal surgeries performed at a reference center in oncological surgery in Brazil. Materials and methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted based on the prospective database of patients from the institution submitted to robotic surgery for treatment of colorectal cancer from July 2012 to September 2017. Clinical and surgical variables were analyzed as predictors of morbidity and mortality. Results: A total of 117 patients underwent robotic surgery. The complications related to surgery occurred in 33 patients (28%), the most frequent being anastomotic fistula and surgical wound infection, which corresponded to 11% and 3%, respectively. Conversion rate was 1.7%. Median length of stay was 5 days. The only variable associated with increase of complications and death risk was BMI >30, with p-value of 0.038 and 0.027, respectively. Conclusion: Robotic surgery is safe and feasible for approaching colorectal cancer surgeries, presenting satisfactory results regarding length of hospital stay and rate of operative complications, as well as presenting a low rate of conversion. Obesity has been shown to be a risk factor for surgical complication in robotic colorectal surgery. Resumo: Introdução: A cirurgia minimamente invasiva revolucionou o tratamento cirúrgico no manejo das neoplasias colorretais, reduzindo a morbidade e mortalidade, a hospitalização, o tempo de inatividade e minimizando os custos, além de fornecer resultados oncológicos adequados quando comparada à abordagem convencional. A cirurgia robótica, com a Plataforma Da Vinci, surge como um passo à frente por seus potenciais. O objetivo deste artigo é relatar a experiência institucional única com o uso da Plataforma Da Vinci em cirurgias robóticas colorretais realizadas em um centro de referência em cirurgia oncológica no Brasil. Materiais e métodos: Foi realizado um estudo de coorte retrospectivo, baseado na base de dados prospectiva de pacientes da instituição que foram submetidos à cirurgia robótica para tratamento de câncer colorretal, de julho de 2012 a setembro de 2017. As variáveis clínicas e cirúrgicas foram analisadas como preditores de morbidade e mortalidade. Resultados: Um total de 117 pacientes foram submetidos à cirurgia robótica. As complicações relacionadas à cirurgia ocorreram em 33 pacientes (28%), sendo as mais frequentes fístula anastomótica e infecção da ferida cirúrgica, correspondendo a 11% e 3%, respectivamente. A taxa de conversão foi de 1,7%. O tempo mediano de permanência foi de 5 dias. A única variável associada ao aumento de complicações e risco de óbito foi o IMC >30, com p-valor de 0,038 e 0,027, respectivamente. Conclusão: A cirurgia robótica é segura e viável para a abordagem de cirurgias de câncer colorretal, apresentando resultados satisfatórios quanto ao tempo de internação hospitalar e taxa de complicações operatórias, além de apresentar baixo índice de conversão. A obesidade tem se mostrado um fator de risco para complicações cirúrgicas na cirurgia colorretal robótica. Keywords: Colorectal robotic surgery, Morbidity and mortality in robotic surgery, Colon neoplasms, Rectal neoplasms, Palavras-chave: Cirurgia robótica colorretal, Morbidade e mortalidade em cirurgia robótica, Neoplasias do cólon, Neoplasias Retais

Background: Minimally invasive surgery of the pelvis is technically demanding, limiting its application. Previous studies have reported the potential advantages of robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) for pelvic malignancies. These advantages might facilitate the surgeons to advance effortlessly along the learning phase. However, there are limited studies evaluating the learning curve (LC) and none have compared different surgical specialties. The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the robotic LC of different oncological pelvic specialties. Methods: This retrospective study evaluates consecutive patients operated on by a robotic platform between January 2012 and June 2016 by urological, gynecological and rectal surgeons. Pre-operative and intraoperative parameters including docking time (DT), surgeon console time (SCT) and total operative time (TOT) were analyzed by linear regression and cumulative sum (CUSUM) methods. Body mass index (BMI), conversion rate (CR) to open surgery and estimated blood loss (EBL) were also studied in order to determine if there is a correlation with the LC. Results: Three hundred and forty-three RAS and seven surgeons were included in the analysis, 103 RAS for rectal cancer were performed by 3 rectal surgeons, 55 RAS for endometrial cancer and 58 RAS for cervical cancer were performed by 2 surgeons and 127 RAS prostatectomies were performed by 2 urologists. For most surgeons, the CUSUM graphs exhibited a 3 phases LC with turning points reflecting competency and proficiency. Urological surgeons had the most well-defined LC followed by the gynecologists. All surgeons were able to master docking with few cases. Rectal surgeons were not able to show a 3 phase LC for SCT and TOT. There was a clear inverse correlation between BMI and DT, patients with higher BMI had a shorter DT and patients with lower BMI showed increased DT. EBL had no statistical correlation with the LC and the CR was low (2%). Conclusions: Analysis of our data suggests that the LC for each respective robotic operative step, surgeon and specialty is unique. Urological and gynecological RAS might have a less steep LC compared to RAS for rectal cancer. Therefore, robotic proctoring and training for rectal cancer should be more diligent. Prospective multicenter study with different methods of LC analysis is necessary to validate our results.

OBJETIVO: Comparar a sobrevivência e os fatores prognósticos, após o tratamento cirúrgico de pacientes com adenocarcinoma gástrico que compromete a camada muscular própria (T2), e de pacientes cujo tumor invade a subserosa (T3). MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de 122 pacientes com câncer gástrico invadindo a muscular própria e subserosa, submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico no período de janeiro de 1997 a dezembro de 2008 e acompanhados até dezembro de 2010. Foram analisadas variáveis demográficas, cirúrgicas e anatomopatológicas. RESULTADOS: Dos 122 pacientes, 22 (18%) foram excluídos da análise final porque apresentaram: margem positiva, mortalidade pós-operatória, segundo tumor primário e menos de 15 linfonodos na peça cirúrgica. Entre os 100 pacientes incluídos, 75 apresentavam tumores com invasão da muscular própria (T2) e 25 com invasão da subserosa (T3). A sobrevivência global foi 83,8%, sendo 90,6% no T2 e 52,1% no T3. Na análise univariada apresentaram significância: metástase linfonodal (p=0,02), tamanho do tumor (p=0,000), estadiamento patológico do tumor (p=0,000), estadiamento patológico linfonodal (p=0,000) e estadiamento por grupos da classificação TNM-UICC/AJCC, 2010 (p=0,000) Na análise multivariada, os fatores prognósticos independentes foram o tamanho do tumor e o estadiamento patológico linfonodal (pN). CONCLUSÃO: O comprometimento linfonodal e o tamanho do tumor são fatores prognósticos independentes nos tumores com invasão da muscular própria e nos tumores com invasão da subserosa. O T2 apresenta menor tamanho, menor taxa de linfonodos metastáticos e consequentemente, melhor prognóstico que o T3.

Introduction Minimally invasive surgery for rectal cancer (RC) is now widely performed via the laparoscopic approach, but robotic-assisted surgery may overcome some limitations of laparoscopy in RC treatment. We compared the rate of positive circumferential margins between robotic, laparoscopic and open total mesorectal excision (TME) for RC in our institution. Methods Mid and low rectal adenocarcinoma patients consecutively submitted to robotic surgery were compared to laparoscopic and open approach. From our prospective database, 59 patients underwent robotic-assisted rectal surgery from 2012 to 2015 (RTME group) were compared to our historical control group comprising 200 open TME (OTME group) and 41 laparoscopic TME (LTME group) approaches from July 2008 to February 2012. Primary endpoint was to compare the rate of involved circumferential resection margins (CRM) and the mean CRM between the three groups. Secondary endpoint was to compare the mean number of resected lymph nodes between the three groups. Results CRM involvement was demonstrated in 20 patients (15.5%) in OTME, 4 (16%) in LTME and 9 (16.4%) in the RTME (p = 0.988). The mean CRM in OTME, LTME and RTME were respectively 0.6 cm (0–2.7), 0.7 cm (0–2.0) and 0.6 cm (0–2.0) (p = 0.960). Overall mean LN harvest was 14 (0–56); 16 (0–52) in OTME, 13 (1–56) in LTME and 10 (0–45) in RTME (p = 0.156). Conclusion Our results suggest that robotic TME has the same oncological short-term results when compared to the open and laparoscopic technique, and it could be safely offered for the treatment of mid and low rectal cancer.

Introduction Surgery is the standard treatment of rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy. Some authors advocate a nonoperative management (NOM) after complete clinical response (cCR) following chemoradiotherapy (CRT). We compare our results with NOM to standard resection in a retrospective analysis. Methods Rectal adenocarcinomas submitted to NOM after CRT between September 2002 and December 2013 were compared to surgical patients that had pathological complete response (pCR) during the same period. Endpoints were Overall Survival (OS), Disease Free Survival (DFS), Local Relapse (LR) and Distant Relapse (DR). Results Forty-two NOM patients compared to 69 pCR patients operated after a median interval of 35 weeks after CRT. NOM tumors were distal (83.3% vs 59.4%, p = 0.011), less obstructive (26.2% vs 54.4%, p = 0.005) and had a lower digital rectal score (p = 0.024). Twelve (28.0%) recurrences in NOM group and eight (11.5%) in the surgical group occurred after a follow-up of 47.7 and 46.7 months respectively. Isolated LR occurred in five (11%) NOM patients and one (1.4%) in the surgical group. Four (80%) LR were surgically salvaged in NOM group. No difference in OS was found (71.6% vs 89.9%, p = 0.316) but there was a higher DFS favoring surgical group (60.9% vs 82.8%, p = 0.011). Distal tumors had worse OS compared to proximal tumors in surgical group (5-year OS of 85.5% vs 96.2%, p = 0.038). Conclusion The NOM achieved OS comparable to surgical treatment and spared patients from surgical morbidity but it resulted in more recurrences. This approach cannot be advocated routinely and controlled trials are warranted.

RATIONAL: In the treatment of colorectal cancer, from 1982 Heald proposed standardization of the total mesorectal excision, with a significant reduction in the recurrence rate. But the treatment of lower rectal lesions is still a challenge. AIM: To describe the association of robotic low anterior resection- TATA (Transanal Abdominal Transanal Resection), with transanal access using Transanal Endoscopic Operations - TEO in the treatment of lower rectal cancer. METHOD: The TATA performs robotic abdominal approach and the TEO performs the perineal approach, developing total mesorectal excision (TME) transanally (TaETM). RESULT: The TaETM technique was applied in a woman with rectal adenocarcinoma 5 cm from the anal verge that had been submitted to chemoradiation. The procedure was performed with satisfatory operative time and favorable oncological outcome (grade 3 mesorectal excision). CONCLUSION: This is a promising minimally invasive procedure in the armamentarium of rectal cancer treatment, specially in challenging scenarios such as narrow pelvis, obesity and very low rectal tumors. RACIONAL: No tratamento do câncer colorretal, a partir de 1982 Heald propôs padronização da excisão total do mesorreto, com redução importante no índice de recidivas. Apesar disso, o tratamento das lesões do reto inferior ainda permanecem um desafio. OBJETIVO: Descrever a associação da abordagem robótica por via abdominal - TATA (Transanal Abdominal Transanal Resection), com o acesso transanal utilizando o Transanal Endoscopic Operations - TEO no tratamento do câncer de reto inferior. MÉTODO: A TATA realiza o tempo abdominal por robótica e o TEO o tempo perineal, desenvolvendo a excisão total do mesorreto (ETM) por via transanal (TaETM). RESULTADO: A técnica TaETM foi aplicada em mulher com adenocarcinoma de reto a 5 cm da margem anal que tinha sido submetida à radioquimioterapia. O procedimento foi realizado com um tempo cirúrgico satisfatório bem como resultado oncológico favorável (ressecção mesorretal grau 3). Paciente obteve alta no segundo dia pós-operatório com seguimento ambulatorial satisfatório. CONCLUSÃO: Trata-se de um procedimento minimamente invasivo bastante promissor no arsenal terapêutico do câncer de reto, principalmente em situações de maior dificuldade técnica como pelve estreita, obesidade e lesões do reto distal.

Background The effectiveness of chemotherapy (CT) for select cases of metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC) has been well established in the literature, however, it provides limited benefits and in many cases constitutes a treatment with high toxicity. The use of specific molecular biological treatments with monoclonal antibodies (MA) has been shown to be relevant, particularly for its potential for increasing the response rate of the host to the tumour, as these have molecular targets present in the cancerous cells and their microenvironment thereby blocking their development. The combination of MA and CT can bring a significant increase in the rate of resectability of metastases, the progression-free survival (PFS), and the global survival (GS) in MCRC patients. Objective To assess the effectiveness and safety of MA in the treatment of MCRC. Methods A systematic review was carried out with a meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials comparing the use of cetuximab, bevacizumab, and panitumumab in the treatment of MCRC. Results Sixteen randomised clinical trials were selected. The quality of the evidence on the question was considered moderate and data from eight randomised clinical trials were included in this meta-analysis. The GS and PFS were greater in the groups which received the MA associated with CT, however, the differences were not statistically significant between the groups (mean of 17.7 months versus 17.1 months; mean difference of 1.09 (CI: 0.10–2.07); p = 0.84; and 7.4 versus 6.9 months. mean difference of 0.76 (CI: 0.08–1.44); p = 0.14 respectively). The meta-analysis was not done for any of the secondary outcomes. Conclusion The addition of MA to CT for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer does not prolong GS and PFS.

ContextGastrointestinal stromal tumors are uncommon abdominal neoplasms and can affect any portion of the gastrointestinal tract.ObjectivesDescribe the tomographic findings of the gastrointestinal stromal tumor of gastric origin, correlating it with the mitotic index.MethodsTwenty-one patients were selected within the period of January 2000 and 2008, with histopathological and immunohistochemical diagnosis of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors, who presented computed tomography done before the treatment. The tomographic variables analyzed were lesion topography, dimensions, contours, morphology, pattern and intensity enhancement through venous contrast, growth pattern, invasion of adjacent organs, presence of ulceration, fistula, calcifications, infiltration of mesenteric fat, lymphadenopathy and metastasis. The mitotic index was determined through optic microscopy, counting the number of mitosis figures in 50 high power fields.ResultsThe tumors were located in the body (66.7%) or gastric fundus (33.3%), with dimensions varying between 4.2 and 21.2 cm (average of 10.5 cm). The growth was predominantly extraluminal (47.6%) or intra/extra luminal (28.6%). The enhancement by venous contrast was heterogeneous in 66.7%. The statistical analysis showed that irregular morphology (P = 0.027) and infiltration of mesenteric fat (P = 0.012) presented correlation with the high mitotic index.ConclusionsIn the present study, most part of the tumors were located in the gastric body, with average size of 10.5 cm, presenting central hypo dense area, heterogeneous enhancement through contrast and predominantly extra luminal growth. Irregular morphology and infiltration of mesenteric fat present statistical correlation with high mitotic level. ContextoTumores estromais gastrointestinais são neoplasias raras e podem acometer qualquer segmento do trato gastrointestinal. A tomografia computadorizada é o método de imagem mais importante na detecção e caracterização do tumor.ObjetivosDescrever os achados tomográficos do tumor estromal gastrointestinal de origem gástrica, correlacionando com o índice mitótico.MétodosNo período de janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2008, foram selecionados 21 pacientes com diagnóstico histopatológico e imunohistoquímico de tumor estromal gastrointestinal, que apresentavam tomografia computadorizada realizada anteriormente ao tratamento. As variáveis tomográficas analisadas foram topografia da lesão, dimensões, contornos, morfologia, padrão e intensidade do realce pelo meio de contraste venoso, padrão de crescimento, invasão de órgãos adjacentes, presença de ulceração, fístula, calcificações, infiltração da gordura mesentérica, linfonodomegalias e metástases. O índice mitótico foi determinado através de microscopia óptica, com contagem do número de figuras de mitoses em 50 campos de grande aumento.ResultadosOs tumores foram localizados no corpo (66,7%) ou fundo gástrico (33,3%), com dimensões variando entre 4,2 e 21,2 cm (média de 10,5 cm). O crescimento foi predominantemente extraluminal (47,6%) ou intra/extraluminal (28,6%). O realce pelo contraste venoso foi heterogêneo em 66.7%. A análise estatística mostrou que morfologia irregular (P= 0.027) e infiltração da gordura mesentérica (P = 0,012) apresentaram correlação com índice mitótico elevado.ConclusõesNo presente estudo, a maioria dos tumores localizava-se no corpo gástrico, com tamanho médio de 10.5 cm, apresentando área hipodensa central, realce heterogêneo pelo meio de contraste e crescimento predominantemente extraluminal. Morfologia irregular e infiltração da gordura mesentérica apresentaram correlação estatística com índice mitótico elevado.

RACIONAL: Os tumores neuroendócrinos (TNEs) são raros e compreendem apenas 0,49% de todas as neoplasias malignas. A maioria acomete o trato gastrointestinal. OBJETIVO: Analisar os fatores demográficos, características clinicopatológicas, tratamento empregado, fatores prognósticos e resultados oncológicos relacionados aos TNEs colorretais. MÉTODOS: No período compreendido entre 1996 e 2010 foram tratados 174 pacientes. Destes, 34 localizavam-se no cólon e reto. Foram analisados fatores demográficos, estadiamento, os procedimentos terapêuticos aplicados e seus resultados. No seguimento todos os pacientes foram acompanhados acima de três anos com exames de imagem, dosagem de 5-HIIA urinário, cromogranina-A sérica e fosfatase ácida prostática. RESULTADOS: A média de idade no diagnóstico foi de 54,5 anos (22-76), com predominância do sexo feminino (64,7%). Dos 12 com TNEs de cólon, um (8,3%) foi classificado como estádio IA; um (8,3%) em IB; três (25%) em IIIB e sete (58,4%) em IV. Dos 22 pacientes com TNEs de reto, seis (27,3%) foram classificados como estádio IA; quatro (18,2%) em IB; três (13,6%) em IIIA; um (4,5%) em IIIB e oito (36,4%) em IV. Dos TNEs de reto, nove (41%) foram tratados com ressecção endoscópica, seis (27,2%) com procedimento cirúrgico e seis (27,2%) somente com quimioterapia. Onze pacientes com TNEs de cólon (91,6%), foram tratados cirurgicamente, sendo sete paliativamente, um (8,4%) com ressecção endoscópica e nenhum foi submetido à quimioterapia no primeiro momento. Após seguimento médio de 55 meses, 19 (55%) pacientes estavam vivos. Analisando a sobrevida global obteve-se média de 29 meses no estádio IA, 62 meses no IB, 12 meses no IIIA, 31 meses no IIIB e 39 meses no IV. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento dos TNEs de cólon e reto é complexo, pois depende de variáveis que são individuais a cada paciente. Com adequado manuseio, o prognóstico pode ser favorável e a sobrevida longa, mas ela está relacionada ao grau de diferenciação tumoral, tamanho, localização do tumor, estadiamento no momento do diagnóstico, eficácia da terapêutica adotada e à aderência do paciente ao seguimento após o tratamento.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados do tratamento de GIST no INCA. MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva de todos os casos de GIST tratados no INCA no período de 1997 a 2009. RESULTADOS: Analisamos 146 pacientes, com média de idade de 44,5 anos e predomínio do sexo feminino. O principal sintoma foi dor abdominal. Tivemos ocorrência de segundo primário em 22% dos casos e na imuno-histoquímica, 92% foram positivos para CD117. A localização mais frequente foi estômago e predominou o grupo de alto risco. A cirurgia foi R0 (extenso) em 70% e os principais sítios de metástases foram fígado e peritônio. A sobrevida global foi, respectivamente, em dois e cinco anos de 86% e 59%. Houve significante diferença entre a sobrevida global (p=0,29) do grupo de alto risco versus os demais. CONCLUSÃO: Os nossos pacientes apresentam-se principalmente sob forma de doença de alto risco com repercussão óbvia na sobrevida. O uso de Imatinib melhorou a sobrevida dos pacientes com doença metastática e recidivada. Devemos estudar seu uso no cenário de adjuvância e neoadjuvancia visando melhorar os índices do grupo de alto risco. A criação de centros referenciais é uma necessidade para o estudo de doenças pouco frequentes. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the treatment of GIST in INCA. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of all cases of GIST treated at INCA in the period from 1997 to 2009. RESULTS: We analyzed 146 patients with a mean age of 44.5 years and female predominance. The main symptom was abdominal pain. We observed the occurrence of a second primary tumor in 22% of cases and 92% of the immunohistochemistry exams were positive for CD117. The most frequent location was in the stomach and the high-risk group was predominant. Surgery was considered R0 (extensive) in 70% of the cases and the main sites of metastases were liver and peritoneum. Overall survival in two and five years was, respectively, 86% and 59%. There was a significant difference between overall survival (p = 0.29) of the high-risk group versus the other. CONCLUSION: Our patients presented mainly in the form of high-risk disease, with obvious impact on survival. The use of imatinib improved survival of patients with recurrent and metastatic disease. We should study its use in the setting of adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy to improve results of the high risk group. The creation of reference centers is a need for the study of rare diseases.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o resultado obtido com a ressecção de intenção curativa do adenocarcinoma gástrico Borrmann IV(B IV), através da análise de variáveis clínicas, cirúrgicas e anatomopatológicas, identificando quais destes fatores prognósticos se associaram à sobrevida. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados retrospectivamente, no período de janeiro de 1997 a dezembro de 2005, 123 pacientes com adenocarcinoma gástrico B IV submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico no Serviço de Cirurgia Abdômino-Pélvica do Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA). O grupo submetido à ressecção curativa teve analisado diversos fatores prognósticos com relação à sobrevida global. RESULTADOS: Dos 123 pacientes estudados, 68 foram submetidos à gastrectomia, 52 (42,3%) com intenção curativa e 16 (13%) como ressecção paliativa, enquanto 55 (44,7%) tiveram doença não passível de ressecção. Três óbitos no pós-operatório seguiram-se à ressecção curativa, configurando uma taxa de mortalidade de 5,76%. Em nove (17,3%) pacientes ocorreram complicações técnicas, sendo a fístula esofagojejunal com sete casos, a mais frequente. Todos os óbitos e complicações técnicas ocorreram após gastrectomias totais, que foi o tipo de ressecção curativa mais realizada nesta série. O padrão de recidiva mais comum foi a carcinomatose peritoneal. A localização do tumor, metástase linfonodal, invasão linfática e estadiamento patológico foram considerados fatores prognósticos significantes. O tempo de sobrevida mediano foi de 29 meses, com taxa de sobrevida em cinco anos de 33% nos pacientes submetidos à ressecção curativa CONCLUSÃO: A ressecção com intenção curativa do adenocarcinoma gástrico B IV apresentou um impacto positivo na sobrevida dos pacientes com a doença nos estágios IB, II e III; com até 15 linfonodos comprometidos (pN2) e no tipo localizado. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results obtained with curative resection of Borrmann IV gastric adenocarcinoma (B IV) through the analysis of clinical, surgical and pathological data, identifying which of these prognostic factors were associated with survival. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 123 patients with B IV gastric adenocarcinoma undergoing surgical treatment at the Department of the pelvic-abdominal surgeries of the National Cancer Institute (INCA) from January 1997 to December 2005. The group undergoing curative resection was examined for various prognostic factors regarding overall survival. RESULTS: Of the 123 patients studied, 68 underwent gastrectomy, 52 (42.3%) with curative intent and 16 (13%) palliative resection, while 55 (44.7%) had disease not subject to resection. Three postoperative deaths followed the curative resection, constituting a mortality rate of 5.76%. In nine (17.3%) patients there were technical complications, and esophagojejunal fistula seven cases, the most frequent. All technical complications and deaths occurred after total gastrectomy, which was the most commonly performed curative resection type in this series. The most common pattern of recurrence was peritoneal carcinomatosis. The location of the tumor, lymph node metastasis, lymphatic invasion and pathological staging were considered significant prognostic factors. The median survival time was 29 months, with a rate of five-year survival of 33% in patients undergoing curative resection. CONCLUSION: The curative resection of B IV gastric adenocarcinoma had a positive impact on survival of patients with the disease in stages IB, II and III, with up to 15 lymph nodes (pN2) and localized type.

OBJETIVO: avaliar a morbidade e a mortalidade cirúrgica em pacientes submetidos a gastroduodenopancreatectomia (GDP) com linfadenectomia padrão e radical para adenocarcinoma de papila, analisando os fatores prognósticos com relação à sobrevida global e livre de doença. MÉTODOS: foram analisados retrospectivamente no período de 1999 a 2007, no Serviço de Cirurgia Abdômino-Pélvica do INCa-RJ, 50 casos de GDP para adenocarcinoma da papila duodenal divididos em dois grupos de acordo com a linfadenectomia (grupo A: linfadenectomia padrão e grupo B: linfadenectomia radical). RESULTADOS: A mediana de idade foi semelhante nos dois grupos, assim como a distribuição entre os sexos. Na comparação entre as linfadenectomias somente o número de linfonodos ressecados (grupo A: 12,3 e grupo B: 26,5) e o tempo operatório (grupo A: 421 e grupo B: 474) foram significativamente diferentes. Não ocorreram diferenças estatisticamente significativas nos dois grupos com relação a morbi-mortalidade operatória e tempo de internação. A sobrevida livre de doença (grupo A: 35 meses e grupo B: 51 meses) e sobrevida global (grupo A: 38 meses e grupo B: 53 meses) foi maior no grupo da linfadenectomia radical, porém não foram significantes estatisticamente. CONCLUSÃO: no presente estudo não ocorreram casos de linfonodos metastáticos para outros grupos nodais sem o acometimento linfonodal das cadeias pancreato-duodenais (13 e 17), sugerindo um padrão de disseminação linfonodal. Apesar da linfadenectomia radical apresentar taxas de sobrevida livre de doença e sobrevida global maiores esses dados não foram significativos estatisticamente. Novos estudos devem ser realizados para avaliar o real papel da linfadenectomia radical no adenocarcinoma da papila duodenal. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing surgical pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) in standard and radical lymphadenectomy for adenocarcinoma of papilla, analyzing the prognostic factors related to overall and disease-free survival. METHODS: Were analyzed retrospectively from 1999 to 2007, in the Department of Abdominal and Pelvic Surgery (INCa-RJ), 50 cases of PD for adenocarcinoma of the duodenal papilla divided into two groups according to lymphadenectomy (group A: standard lymphadenectomy and group B: radical lymphadenectomy). RESULTS: The median age was similar in both groups, as well as the distribution between the sex. In the comparison between the lymphadenectomys only the number of lymph nodes resected (group A: 12.3 and group B: 26.5) and operative time (group A: 421 and group B: 474) were significantly different. There were no statistically significant differences in the two groups with respect to morbidity and mortality rate and length of hospitalization. The disease-free survival (group A: 35 months and group B: 51 months) and overall survival (group A: 38 months and group B: 53 months) was higher in the group of radical lymphadenectomy, but were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: In this study there were no cases of metastatic lymph nodes to other groups without nodal involvement of the pancreatic-duodenal lymph node chains (13, 17), suggesting a pattern of lymph node spread. Despite the radical lymphadenectomy present rates of disease-free survival and overall survival largest such data were not statistically significant. Further studies should be conducted to evaluate the real role of radical lymphadenectomy in adenocarcinoma of the duodenal papilla.

Objective Evaluate the presence of other tumors in cohort of patients with GIST treated at a cancer treatment referral center – INCA. Methods We reviewed the medical records of patients diagnosed with GIST who were treated at INCA between 1998 and 2008. Immunohistological diagnosis was confirmed by a pathologist specialized in sarcomas. Patients presenting second non-GIST tumors were identified. Age, sex, tumor location, risk groups (according to the National Institutes of Health criteria), characteristics of non-GIST tumors and treatment results were analyzed. Results Among the 101 patients diagnosed with GIST who were evaluated during the study period, 14 (13.8%) had other non-GIST tumors, 9 females (64.3%), with a median age of 68 years (10–79 years). The stomach was the location of GISTs in 8 cases (57.1%), followed by the small bowel in 4 cases (28.5%), colon and mesentery with 1 case (7.1%) each. The mean size of lesions was 4.79 cm (0.3–15 cm), with malignant potential low/very low in 7 cases (50%), intermediate in 5 cases (35.7%) and high in 2 cases (14.3%). The diagnosis of GIST was incidental in 6 cases and in one case the non-GIST tumor was incidental. The non-GIST tumors were most frequent in the stomach (adenocarcinoma), in 4 cases (28.5%) and colon/rectum (adenocarcinoma) in 4 other cases. The other sites involved were breast (ductal carcinoma), kidney (clear cell carcinoma), prostate (adenocarcinoma), endometrium (adenocarcinoma), ovary (adenocarcinoma) and adrenal (neuroblastoma), with one case each. The tumors were synchronous in 7 cases (50%). With a median follow-up after GIST resection of 41 months (2–87 months), 9 patients were alive without evidence of disease, 2 died due to GIST, 2 died due to non-GIST tumors and the remaining patient died due to postoperative complications. Conclusions We discovered a 13.8% incidence of non-GIST tumors in a series of 101 GIST cases under our care. This association should always be considered in the management of patients with GIST.

Background Liver metastases from gastric adenocarcinoma denote a poor prognosis. Most gastric metastases will be diffuse, and for these chemotherapy remains the only useful treatment modality. The treatment of isolated liver metastases is still unclear. The Japanese literature has reported good results with surgical resection, but Western series were unable to achieve the same results. We report our results with resection of liver metastases from gastric cancer in nine patients Methods A retrospective analysis was undertaken to determine the results of the surgical treatment of hepatic metastases from gastric carcinoma over the last five decades. Only nine patients underwent such treatment. Variables analysed were age, gender, the primary tumour, the type of liver operation performed, the time of occurrence of liver metastasis, the morbidity and mortality and the overall survival. Follow‐up was complete. Results There were eight patients with gastric carcinoma staged as T3 and one as T4 (UICC‐97). All patients had positive lymph nodes. The hepatic procedure performed was a hemihepatectomy in eight patients and a left lateral segmentectomy in one patient. Right hepatectomy was performed in six cases. There were four patients with synchronous liver metastasis: three involved the right liver and the other involved segments II/III. All were treated by one‐step surgery. The five metachronous metastases involved the right liver in three patients (accounting for half of the right hepatectomies), while the other two underwent left hepatectomies. There was a high postoperative mortality rate (33%, 3/9), two of the deaths occurring in the first decade of the study (1956, 1966) secondary to hepatic insufficiency and one from sepsis. One patient died suddenly without recurrence after 3 months. The other five died with evidence of disease at between 2 and 11 months. Discussion Despite some anecdotal reports of treatment with chemotherapy, either systemic or intrahepatic, the more consistent results for the treatment of patients with hepatic metastases from gastric adenocarcinoma come from the Japanese literature with the use of radical surgery. Unfortunately, Western series, including our own, do not achieve the same results. At the present time, in view of these results, we are performing less aggressive treatment such as radiofrequency ablation.

e16131 Background: Induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by chemoradiation (CRT) is an attractive approach in locally-advanced, high-risk rectal cancer. Additionally, aspirin has shown potential to lower recurrence rate in colorectal cancer, and improve outcomes alongside CRT in rectal cancer, with higher rate of tumor downstaging. Methods: Randomized, double-blind phase 2 trial to evaluate induction treatment with XELOX, followed by capecitabine-based chemoradiotherapy with aspirin or placebo in a high risk population selected by MRI. The aim of this study was to evaluate MRI response after total neoadjuvant treatment with aspirin or placebo. Results: Of the 25 pts who started treatment between January 2018 and March 2019, 4 pts did not complete (1 pt grade 5 diarrhea; 1pt treatment adherence). Median age was 55yo (32.9 - 73.6), 8 pts (32%) were women, and 80% had 3 or more high-risk criteria. 20 pts (80%) showed symptom improvement in the first cycle of IC. Of the 21 patients who finished treatment until interim analysis, 11 pts received aspirin (2 pts had MRI complete response (CR), 3 pts had minor/no response, and 3 pts had progression disease (PD)). 10 pts received placebo (4 MRI CR, 3 pts had minor/no response, and no PD). Conclusions: Aspirin added to chemoradiotherapy was safe but did not improve response to total neoadjuvant treatment. The study was closed due absence of benefit. Clinical trial information: NCT03170115 .