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Background Early cardiac death is more common in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) than in healthy adults, but the exact cause is unknown. Aims The aim of this study is to investigate the cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in patients with CD and compare the MRI findings with healthy controls (HCs). This study also aimed to demonstrate the possible cardiac involvement in patients with CD using MRI. Methods In this prospective study, participants with CD (n = 20) and HC (n = 20) underwent cardiac MRI. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and hematocrit levels were investigated before MRI in both groups. Two observers evaluated the ventricular functional and morphological parameters in consensus. Myocardial T1/T2-relaxation times were calculated by two observers independently using two different software, and hematocrit-corrected left ventricle extracellular volume (LV-ECV) was calculated. Observer-2 also performed histogram analysis for T1/T2-mapping images. Results Patients with CD had a significantly higher LV-ECV, mildly decreased right ventricle ejection fraction, and prolonged T2-relaxation time than HC. Moreover, histogram analysis showed that the maximum and mean T2-relaxation times were higher in patients with CD. There was an excellent agreement between observers for the assessment of mean native and post-contrast T1-relaxation time (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.991 and ICC of 0.941, respectively) and mean T2-relaxation time measurements (ICC of 0.983). Moreover, mean T2-relaxation time was found to be significantly correlated with ESR. Conclusions This study suggests visually undetectable myocardial involvement due to chronic systemic inflammation in patients with Crohn's disease. Cardiac MRI can help assess and monitor cardiac involvement in patients with CD.

History Part one of this case appeared 4 months previously and may contain larger images. An 8-year-old girl presented to our hospital with painful swelling of the left thigh and soft-tissue swelli...

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is similar to connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung diseases (CTD-ILD) in many aspects. However, patients with CTD-ILD have required particular attention during the pandemic since they are at high risk due to immunosuppressive treatments. Thus, prompt decisions for diagnosis and treatment initiation have become more important than earlier for these patients during the pandemic. Radiological perspectives have become inevitable for the differential diagnosis of this group during the pandemic, particularly to obtain rapid and accurate results that allow the physicians to start treatment immediately. However, in addition to radiological images, a definitive diagnosis also requires access to extensive information regarding patient history, including characteristics of comorbidities, and clinical and serological findings. Consequently, the differential diagnosis of COVID-19 and CTD-ILD can yield accurate treatment regimens that differ greatly between the 2 diseases, and also prevent the spread of the outbreak with COVID-19 patients treated under isolation. © 2021, AVES. All rights reserved.

Background/Aim: The objective of this work was to assess the value of 68Ga-DOTAGA-(3-iodo-y)fk(Sub-KuE) positron emission tomography (68Ga-PSMA-I/T PET-CT) and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) for preoperative staging in prostate cancer (PCa) patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) by validating with postoperative histopathology data. Materials and Methods: We prospectively investigated 30 consecutive PCa patients who had both mp-MRI and 68Ga-PSMA-I/T PET-CT before laparoscopic RP. The seminal vesicle invasion (SVI), lymph node metastasis (LNM), bladder neck invasion (BNI), and extracapsular extension (ECE) were investigated separately. The diagnostic performances of mp-MRI and 68Ga-PSMA-I/T PET-CT were assessed using histopathological results. Results: Both mp-MRI and 68Ga-PSMA-I/T PET-CT were not statistically significant in the evaluation of SVI, BNI, and ECE preoperatively but had statistically significant results in the assessment of LNM. mp-MRI had higher overall sensitivity for ECE, overall specificity for SVI, ECE, and BNI, and positive predictive value for ECE, SVI, BNI. 68Ga-PSMA-I/T PET-CT had higher overall sensitivity for BNI, and negative predictive value for BNI and LNM. Conclusion: mp-MRI has superior specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy for assessing ECE and SVI. Both imaging modalities had similar specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy for determining BNI. However, both imaging modalities had low diagnostic accuracy for LNM on histopathology.

Myelolipoma is a rare benign neoplasm consisting of mature adipose and haematopoietic tissues and usually found in the adrenal gland. However, myelolipoma can be rarely detected in extra-adrenal regions but often detected incidentally in imaging studies performed for other reasons or at autopsy. While adrenal myelolipomas are easily recognised given its typical imaging features, the diagnosis of extra-adrenal myelolipomas may be challenging. Herein, we aimed to present computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings of pelvic extra-adrenal myelolipoma in a 77-year-old woman with hepatocellular carcinoma and to describe the differential diagnoses.

Background Vesical Imaging Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) is a useful tool for evaluating muscle layer invasion of bladder cancer (BCa) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic performance of bladder MRI to detect the muscle layer invasion of BCa using VI-RADS score and quantitative MRI parameters. Methods Preoperative bladder MRI was performed in 73 BCa patients. Two observers independently evaluated the MR blinded to histopathological data and classified the tumors according to VI-RADS criteria. Moreover, the quantitative parameters (maximum tumor diameter; Dmax, tumor contact length; TCL, and tumor apparent diffusion coefficient; ADC values) were independently measured by observers. The diagnostic performance of the VI-RADS score and quantitative values were evaluated by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Interobserver agreement was evaluated using the weighted-kappa coefficient (κ). Results For the VI-RADS score, the AUC (area under the curve) was 0.968 and accuracy was 90.4% for Observer 1, and AUC was 0.953, accuracy was 89% for Observer 2. The AUC of TCL, TCL/DMax, and ADC values was 0.918, 0.675, and 0.832. In patients with a VI-RADS score ≥ 3, when a threshold value of TCL > 19.5 mm is used as complementary to the VI-RADS score, the accuracy of MRI for Observer-1 increases 100% and 97.26% for Observer-2. There was a good-excellent agreement between the observers in assessing the VI-RADS scores and quantitative parameters. Conclusion Evaluation of bladder MRI using both VI-RADS criteria and TCL is successful and highly reproducible for detecting muscle layer invasion in patients with BCa.

Background Although acute coronary syndrome is rare in children, it is the most important cause of mortality in children with end-stage renal disease. Case presentation Here, a 16-year-old pediatric patient, who has been on dialysis since the age of 3, and who was diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome and placed an emergency percutaneous transcatheter stent in the left anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery is presented. It is important that the present patient does not have any electrocardiography findings in favor of cardiovascular disease and that he cannot fully explain the complaint of chest pain due to his mental retardation. Conclusions Early detection of acute coronary syndrome is life-saving, especially in children with chronic kidney disease.

Neutropenic enterocolitis is also known as typhlitis, is characterized by severe inflammation in the bowel loops. It is often seen in immunosuppressed patients, and it has high morbidity and mortality. Although the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily affects the respiratory systemand causes COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019), it may affect hematopoietic and gastrointestinal systems. Herein, we present a rare case of COVID-19-associated pancytopenia and typhlitis in a 60-year-old female who presented with abdominal pain. Contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT) demonstrated the bowel wall thickening in the cecum and ascending colon compatible with enterocolitis. Moreover, the chest CT showed bilateral, peripheral, and multifocal ground-glass opacities, consistent with COVID-19 pneumonia. We also aimed to emphasize the laboratory, clinical, and CT findings of the patient. (C) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Contracting COVID-19 during pregnancy is a clinical concern as knowledge of altered immunity is limited, and so cases should be considered separately in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Although there is no clear evidence that pregnancy increases the risk of COVID-19, it is thought that susceptibility to infection and the intensification of respiratory symptoms may be increased, given the physiological changes in pregnancy and increased mortality and morbidity in many viral diseases. Accordingly, the management of COVID-19 in pregnant patients and those considered among the high-risk groups represent a challenge for clinicians. Numerous studies of COVID-19 have been published to date or are ongoing, yet pregnant women are generally excluded from clinical studies. Clinical experiences and case reports occupy an important position in literature, and we present hare a case in which the diagnosis of a patient being followed by our clinic was delayed due to the absence of SARS CoV-2 in recurrent upper-respiratory-tract sampling, and whose clinical findings worsened with initial COVID-19 treatment during pregnancy. Her delivery by caesarean section (C-section) was the result of a multidisciplinary decision. We draw attention to the diagnostic process and treatment approach. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Gebelikte COVID-19, degisen immunite;tani ve tedavideki farkliliklar ile ayri ele alinmasi gereken, bilgilerimizin sinirli oldugu bir klinik tablodur. Gebelikte gerceklesen fizyolojik degisiklikler ve pek cok viral hastalikta artmis mortalite ve morbidite goz onune alindiginda, gebeligin enfeksiyonlara yatkinliga ve solunumsal semptomlarda siddetlenmeye neden olabilecegi dusunulmektedir. Bu nedenle riskli gruplar arasinda degerlendirilmesi gereken gebelerde COVID-19 yonetimi klinisyenler icin zorluklar icermektedir. COVID-19 ile ilgili cok sayida calisma yayinlanmis ya da devam etmekte olsa da gebeler genellikle klinik calismalarin disinda tutulmaktadir. Bu nedenle klinik deneyimler, olgu paylasimlari literaturde onemli bir yer tutmaktadir. Klinigimizde takip ettigimiz, tekrarlayan ust solunum yolu orneklemelerinde SARS CoV-2 saptanmamasi nedeniyle tanisi geciken, gebelikte kullanilabilen COVID-19 tedavisi altinda klinik bulgularda kotulesme olmasi uzerine multidisipliner yaklasim ile sezaryen karari alinarak tedavisi sekillendirilen olgumuzu, tani sureci ve tedavi yaklasimina dikkat cekerek sunmayi amacladik. (Turkish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Respiratory Case Reports is the property of LookUs Scientific and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Lungs are the primary organ involved in COVID-19, and the severity of pneumonia in COVID-19 patients is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Aim: We aimed to evaluate the pneumonia severity through the visual and quantitative assessment on chest computed tomography (CT) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and compare the CT findings with clinical and laboratory findings. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated adult COVID-19 patients who underwent chest CT along with theirclinical scores, laboratory findings, and length of hospital stay. Two independent radiologists visually evaluated the pneumonia severity on chest CT (VSQS). Quantitative CT (QCT) assessment was performed using a free DICOM viewer, and the percentage of the well-aerated lung (%WAL), high-attenuation areas (%HAA) at different threshold values, and mean lung attenuation (MLA) values were calculated. The relationship between CT scores and the clinical, laboratory data, and the length of hospital stay were evaluated in this cross-sectional study. The student's t-test and chi-square test were used to analyze the differences between the variables. The Pearson correlation test analyzed the correlation between the variables. The diagnostic performance of the variables was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: The VSQS and QCT scores were significantly correlated with procalcitonin, d-dimer, ferritin, and C-reactive protein levels. Both VSQ and QCT scores were significantly correlated with the disease severity (p < 0.001). Among the QCT parameters, the %HAA-600 value showed the best correlation with the VSQS (r = 730, p < 0.001). VSQS and QCT scores had high sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing disease severity and predicting prolonged hospitalization. Conclusion: The VSQS and QCT scores can help manage the COVID-19 and predict the duration of the hospitalization.

Cardiac involvement is very rare in patients with Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP). In this case study, we present an 8-year-old girl presenting with HSP-induced myocarditis and thrombus in the right atrium and HSP nephritis. To date, 15 cases of HSP-related cardiac involvement have been reported in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. These cases, together with our case, are included in this review. We excluded those patients with other rheumatologic diseases (acute rheumatic fever, acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, Kawasaki disease) accompanied by HSP. Three were children and 13 were adults and all were male except our case. This review revealed tachyarrhythmia, chest pain, dyspnea, murmur, and heart failure as the major signs. Cardiac tests, electrocardiogram (ECG), and imaging methods (echocardiography in all patients, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in three, cardiac biopsy in one, and post-mortem necropsy in three) showed that the cardiac involvements were pericardial effusion, intra-atrial thrombus, myocarditis, coronary artery changes, myocardial ischemia, infarction and necrosis, subendocardial hemorrhage, and left ventricular dilatation. Kidney involvement was not observed in three patients. As the treatment, high-dose prednisolone and cyclophosphamide, oral corticosteroid, azathioprine, nadroparin calcium, ACE inhibitors, calcium antagonists, beta-blockers, and diuretics were used. Eleven patients (all three children and eight of the adults) had a complete cardiac recovery. Cardiac involvement in adults was more likely to be fatal. Death (three patients), ischemia, and infarct have been reported only in adults. We suggested that early and aggressive treatment can be life-saving. MRI examination is effective at identifying cardiac involvement.

Accessory liver lobe (ALL) is a rare congenital anomaly of the liver and is related to the focal excessive development of liver tissue. Accessory liver lobe torsion (ALLT) is a rare condition that can present with acute abdominal pain. Delay in diagnosis can lead to life-threatening complications such as sepsis and systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Imaging methods, especially computed tomography (CT), are of great importance for prompt diagnosis of acute abdominal pain causes, and CT images should be carefully examined. Herein we present a case of ALLT that was occurred due to Morgagni hernia in a 54-year-old male patient who presented with acute abdominal pain. Contrast-enhanced thoracoabdominal computed tomography (CT) was performed and CT demonstrated the Morgagni hernia and herniation of the accessory liver lobe into the hernia sac. CT showed decreased contrast-enhancement in the accessory liver lobe, compatible with ischemia. We also aimed to emphasize the clinical and CT imaging findings of ALLT. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ufuk, Furkan] Univ Pamukkale, Dept Radiol, Denizli, Turkey. [Yilmaz, Sevda] Univ Pamukkale, Dept Surg, Denizli, Turkey.

Objectives: To compare the previously defined six different histogram-based quantitative lung assessment (QLA) methods on high-resolution CT (HRCT) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc)–related interstitial lung disease (ILD). Methods: The HRCT images of SSc patients with ILD were reviewed, and the visual ILD score (semiquantitative) and the severity of ILD (limited or extensive) were calculated. The QLA score of ILD was evaluated using the previously defined six different methods and parameters (different lung attenuation ranges, skewness, kurtosis, mean lung attenuation, and standard deviation [SD]). Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were also performed on all patients. Relationships among variables were evaluated using Spearman’s correlation coefficient (r). Diagnostic performance of quantitative methods for the ability to differentiate the limited from extensive ILD was calculated using ROC analysis. Results: Fifty-five patients were included in the study. There was a significant correlation between all quantitative and semiquantitative measurement results (p < 0.0001). The QLA scores revealed a significant correlation with PFT results. The kurtosis value of the voxels between - 200 and - 1024 Hounsfield unit (HU) (Method-5) showed the best correlation with semiquantitative evaluation (r = - 0.740, p < 0.0001). The ROC analysis demonstrated the best performance of SD of the voxels between - 400 and - 950 HU (Method-6) for histogram analysis method and Method-3 (voxels between - 260 and - 600 HU were calculated as ILD) for CT density cutoff methods. Conclusions: All the QLA methods are applicable in assessing the ILD score in SSc patients and have potential importance to differentiate limited from extensive ILD. Key Points: • Quantitative interstitial lung disease assessment helps clinicians to assess systemic sclerosis patients with interstitial lung disease. • Quantitative lung assessment methods are applicable in assessing the interstitial lung disease score in systemic sclerosis patients. • Quantitative lung assessment methods have potential importance in the management of patients. © 2020, European Society of Radiology.

A new type of coronavirus 2019-nCoV is rapidly spreading worldwide and causes pneumonia, respiratory distress, thromboembolic events, and death. Chest computed tomography CT plays an essential role in the diagnosis of viral pneumonia, monitoring disease progression, determination of disease severity, and evaluating therapeutic efficacy. Chest CT can show important clues of 2019-nCoV disease also known as COVID-19 in patients with an appropriate clinic. Prompt diagnosis of COVID-19 is essential to prevent disease transmission and provides close clinical observation of patients with clinically severe disease. Therefore, radiologists and clinicians should be familiar with the CT imaging findings of COVID-19 pneumonia. Herein, we aimed to review the imaging findings of COVID-19 pneumonia and examine the critical points to be considered for imaging in cases with COVID-19 suspicion.

Background: Developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) can be determined on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and they may be associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. Purpose: The objective was to evaluate the MRI findings of DVAs in the brain, to compare the prevalence of them between MS patients and control subjects, and to investigate the correlation of DVA-associated fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensities and MRI-derived parameters between MS patients and control subjects having DVA. Methods: Total 160 patients with a mean age of 45 ± 16 years who underwent multiparametric MRI including susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), diffusion-weighted imaging, 3D FLAIR, and contrast-enhanced imaging were included in this retrospective study. First, the presence of DVA was compared between the MS and control groups using the Chi-square test. Then, among the subjects having DVA, age, gender, and MRI-derived parameters such as the signal increase of DVA on FLAIR, location, and drainage of DVA were compared between the MS and control groups using Chi-square test. Results: The presence of DVA did not differ between the MS and control groups (P = 0.828). Signal increase around DVA on FLAIR (P = 0.03) and the age of less than 45 years demonstrated a significant correlation with MS group (P = 0.022). Conclusion: In our study, DVAs were effectively detected using SWI and 3D contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging on MRI. The signal increase of DVA was better revealed on 3D FLAIR on MRI, and it was the only significant MRI-derived parameter in patients with MS.

Spontaneous ureter rupture (SUR) is a rare condition that can present mimicking many acute abdominal diseases. There is no probable explanation of the theoretical mechanism of spontaneous ureter rupture in the literature. Mostly calculus can cause spontaneous ureter rupture with ureteral obstruction. If left untreated, it can lead to life-threatening complications. Herein we report a case of SUR that was occurred due to urinary stone disease in a male patient who presented with abdominal pain. A non-contrast enhanced and a late phase contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT) demonstrated the urinary stone disease and contrast extralumination from the proximal part of the left ureter. We also aimed to emphasize the clinical and CT imaging findings of SUR. © 2018 Elsevier Inc.

[Abstract Not Available]

Non-thrombotic pulmonary embolism (NTPE) results from the embolization of non-thrombotic materials. It can often be a challenging diagnosis due to non-specific (similar to thrombotic pulmonary embolism) or uncommon clinical and imaging findings. Patients with NTPE often present to the emergency department with acute respiratory distress, and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the chest and CT pulmonary angiography are the imaging modalities of choice for respiratory distress. Since the treatment of NTPE is entirely different from thromboembolism, its distinction is essential. Moreover, early diagnosis of NTPE is necessary. Radiologists must be familiar with the diagnostic findings of NTPE, and this article aims to review the imaging features of various causes of NTPE. C1 [Ufuk, Furkan; Sagtas, Ergin] Univ Pamukkale, Dept Radiol, Denizli, Turkey. [Kaya, Furkan] Afyon Kocatepe Univ, Dept Radiol, Afyon, Turkey. [Kupeli, Ali] Erzincan Binali Yildirim Univ, Dept Radiol, Erzincan, Turkey.

Akutgangrenöz kolesistit (AGC), akut karın ağrısının nadir görülen bir nedenidir vesafra kesesi duvarının iskemisi nedeniyle nekrozu olarak tanımlanır. AGC'lihastaların klinik ve laboratuvar bulguları genellikle spesifik değildir.Peritonit ve sekel değişiklikleri önlemek için erken tanı ve cerrahi tedaviyapılmalıdır. Biz burada, üst gastrointestinal sistem endoskopisinden sonraacil servise başvuran ve AGC tanısı alan 47 yaşında bir erkek hasta sunarak AGC'ninklinik ve görüntüleme bulgularını vurgulamayı amaçladık., Acute gangrenous cholecystitis(AGC) is a rare cause of acute abdominal pain and defined as necrosis of thegallbladder wall because of ischemia. Clinical and laboratory findings ofpatients with AGC is usually nonspecific. To prevent peritonitis and sequelae,early diagnosis and surgical treatment should be performed. Herein, we presenta 47-year-old male who presented the emergency department after upper gastrointestinalsystem endoscopy and diagnosed with AGC. We also aimed to demonstrate theclinical and imaging findings of AGC.

PURPOSE To evaluate the diagnostic performance of minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCmin ) and lesion-to-spinal cord signal intensity ratio (LSR) in the differentiation of benign and malignant pulmonary lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-seven patients (36 men, 11 women; range, 17-81 years) with 62 pulmonary lesions underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) performed using a 1.5T scanner during free-breathing using b 600 s/mm2 . The ADCmin values and LSR were calculated. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to detect the threshold value of the ADCmin and LSR values for discrimination between benign and malignant pulmonary lesions. RESULTS There were 42 malignant (33 primary tumors, 9 metastases) and 20 benign lesions. The mean ADCmin ± standard deviations (×10-3 mm2 /s) were 1.45 ± 0.33 for malignant tumors, and 2.4 ± 0.69 for benign lesions (P < 0.001). The mean LSR ± standard deviations for lung cancer was 1.24 ± 0.78, and for benign lesions was 0.55 ± 0.57 (P < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve for ADCmin (0.931; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.868-0.993) was greater than that for LSR (0.801; 95% CI: 0.675-0.926) (P = 0.029). For benign/malignant discrimination, the ROC curve showed threshold value of ADCmin to be 1.78 × 10-3 mm2 /s and that of LSR to be 0.86. Using these cutoff values, accuracy of ADCmin and LSR were 89%, 74%, respectively (P = 0.383). CONCLUSION Being a contrast-free and radiation-free technique, DWI allows discrimination of benign and malignant lung lesions. The ADCmin value performed marginally better than LSR values in distinction of benign and malignant lesions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:845-854.

PURPOSE: To investigate the success of different quantitative lung assessment (QLA) methods on high-resolution CT (HRCT) to assess the severity of Sjogren's syndrome (SjS) related interstitial lung disease (ILD). METHOD: Consecutive SjS patients who underwent both thin-section HRCT and pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were investigated. The QLA was obtained using two different DICOM (digital imaging and communications in medicine) viewer with three different methods and lung histogram values. HRCT images were semiquantitatively (SQLA) evaluated in consensus by two radiologists using the Goh score and, two groups were established: limited (< 20%), extensive (> 20%) ILD. Spearman's correlation test was used to assess the correlation between variables. ROC curve analysis was performed to determine the ability of QLA methods to distinguish ILD groups. RESULTS: Thirty-four patients were included, and SQLA revealed limited ILD in 22 patients (64.7%). PFT values were significantly lower in the extensive ILD group. The QLA scores showed a significant difference between limited and extensive ILD groups, and all QLA indices showed a significant correlation with SQLA and PFTs. ROC analysis showed that mean lung attenuation and Method-1 (ILD: voxels between -200 and -700 HU) were the best to distinguish the ILD severity by 0.93 (CI 95 0.83 -1%) and 0.84 (CI 95 0.71-0.97%), respectively. CONCLUSION: The QLA methods are a promising alternative to the Goh score in the objective evaluation of SjS-related ILD. The QLA methods are capable of distinguishing extensive (which is responsible for poor prognosis in SjS patients) from limited ILD. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Primary extranodal lymphoma is defined as a lymphoma at a solitary extranodal site, with or without involvement of the lymph nodes. The clinical and radiological features of extranodal lymphoma have been documented in recent studies. In this pictorial essay, we reviewed imaging findings of extranodal lymphoma in the head and neck region.Linfoma extranodal primário é definido como um sítio extranodal solitário de linfoma, com ou sem envolvimento dos gânglios linfáticos. As características clínicas e radiológicas do linfoma extranodal foram documentadas em estudos recentes. Neste ensaio revisamos os achados de imagem do linfoma extranodal da região da cabeça e pescoço.

Birt-Hogg-Dube (BHD) syndrome is an unusual disorder characterized by the triad of cutaneous lesions, renal tumors and lung cysts. In cases with BHD syndrome, the frequency of recurrent pneumothorax is increased due to presence of multiple lung cysts. It is important to evaluate the BHD syndrome in differential diagnosis of recurrent pneumothorax especially with multiple lung cysts predominating in the lung base. In these patients, the presence of accompanying kidney and other tumors should be investigated. Herein, we report a case of BHD syndrome presenting with recurrent pneumothorax. © 2018 by Turkish Thoracic Society.

Background: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT), also known as inflammatory pseudotumor, is a benign disorder composed of fibrous tissues, myofibroblasts and inflammatory cell proliferation with obscure etiology. Although it is the most common lung tumor in children, it is seen rarely in adults constituting less than 1% of adult lung tumors., Case Reports: In this report, we present different and rare CT manifestations of three adult patients with lung IMT., Conclusions: In conclusion, IMT is a rare lung tumor in adults and may simulate malignancy. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis when a large mass with lobulated contour or harboring coarse calcification is observed.

GIRIS ve AMAC: Bu calismadaki amacimiz bilgisayarli tomografi (BT) kilavuzlugunda yapilan transtorasik kesici igne akciger biyopsisinde (KIB) komplikasyon oranlari ve buna bagli risk faktorlerinin incelenmesidir. YONTEM ve GERECLER: BT kilavuzlugunda transtorasik kesici igne biyopsisi (KIB) yapilan akciger nodullu hastalar geriye donuk olarak degerlendirildi. Bu hastalardan islem sirasinda ve islem sonrasinda BT goruntusu olmayanlar ve kontrol akciger grafisi olmayanlar calismadan cikartildi. Toplam 321 hasta (28-86 yas araligi, ortalama yas 61, %84.1 erkek) calismaya dahil edilmistir. Komplikasyon orani ile histopatolojik tani, lezyon buyuklugu, lezyonun akcigerdeki yeri ve lezyonun derinligi arasindaki iliski arastirildi. BULGULAR: En sik gorulen histopatolojik tanilar adenokarsinom (% 33.3) ve skuamoz hucreli karsinom (% 32.3) idi. Lezyonun histopatolojik tanisi ile biyopsiye bagli komplikasyon gelisimi arasinda iliski saptanmadi. Pnomotoraks (%19.7) ve pulmoner hemoraji (%9) en sik karsilasilan komplikasyonlardi. Lezyon derinligi arttikca veya lezyon boyutu azaldiginda komplikasyon riski artmaktadir (p

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Simple bone cyst (SBC) also known as unicameral bone cyst is a benign, radiolucent bone lesion that is seen commonly in childhood. These lesions are usually found incidentally although pain and swelling can be seen. The most common complication is a pathological fracture, and this is often the cause of presentation. Here, we present a 22-year-old male with right lower quadrant pain due to SBC related pathological fracture of right iliac bone which is mimicking acute appendicitis. © 2018 Elsevier Inc.

Background: To evaluate the utility of histogram analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in the diagnosis of incomplete testicular torsion. Material/Methods: Fourteen Wistar albino rats were randomly allocated into two groups. In group 1 (control), left testicles were kept outside for 45 seconds and then replaced, whereas left testicles were twisted by 360° in group 2. Four hours later, DWI was performed. After that, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and testicular color Doppler ultrasound (CDU) were performed by two radiologists who looked for the presence or absence of blood flow. ADC measurements were carried out by two radiologists who were blinded to each other’s measurements. After CDU, testes were surgically removed and a pathological examination was performed after four hours of torsion. Comparisons of minimum, mean, and maximum ADC values in testicles were performed with the Wilcoxon test. P value of 0.05 or less was considered as statistically significant. Inter-observer agreement was also analyzed. Results: In the torsion group, minimum ADC values for left testicles were significantly lower than for the control group (p

Emphysematous aortitis is a form of septic aortitis. It is a rare disease with a high mortality rate, necessitating prompt diagnosis and aggressive treatment. We present the computed tomography features of emphysematous aortitis leading to esophageal rupture and esophageal-pleural fistula in a 76-year-old female with rheumatoid arthritis. © SAGE Publications.

Perirenal lymphoma is a rare disease and accounts for less than 10% of all malignant lymphomas. Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is the rarest but 1 of the most aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma subtype. The perirenal involvement of MCL has not been reported previously. A 69-year-old male, who had been diagnosed as having MCL 1 year ago, presented with recent-onset right back pain. Herein we present the key imaging findings of perirenal soft tissue manifestation of MCL. © 2016 Elsevier Inc.

Objectives-To evaluate the utility of real-time strain elastography in experimentally induced testicular torsion at different degrees and torsion hours. Methods-Thirty-one Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 torsion groups by twisting left testes (group I, sham operated; group II, 360°; group III, 720°; and group IV, 1080°). Elastography was applied at the 8th and 24th hours of torsion. Elasticity patterns (pattern 1, soft testis; pattern 2, moderately soft testis; pattern 3, predominantly hard testis; and pattern 4, almost entirely hard testis) and strain ratios were recorded. Histopathologic evaluation was done at the 24th hour. Interobserver agreement was analyzed. Results-Changes in elastographic patterns and strain ratios among groups II, III, and IV were statistically significant at both hours as determined by both radiologists (P < .01). Elastographic patterns changed from 2 to 3 in groups II and III to 4 in group III between the 8th and 24th hours (P < .05), but in group IV, patterns were reversed, and pattern 1 was observed at both hours. Pathologically severe necrosis (grade 4) was seen in left testes in group IV. In the other groups, pathologic grading in the left testes was as follows: mostly grade 1 in groups I and II and mostly grade 2 in group III. Elastography showed that right testes were affected in group IV, with significant differences in elastographic patterns and strain ratios (P < .01). Interobserver agreement for elastographic patterns in right testes was substantial at the 8th hour (κ = 0.72) and otherwise excellent (κ = 0.81- 0.85). Concordance of strain ratios between observers was excellent for right and left testes at the 8th and 24th hours (intraclass correlation coefficients, 0.990 at the 8th hour and 0.987 at the 24th hour). Conclusions-Our results show that real-time strain elastography can be a complementary method in the evaluation of testicular tissue in testicular torsion and can guide surgeons in their surgical approach. © 2016 by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine | J Ultrasound Med.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the detection of different degrees of testicular torsion (TT) at the 8th hour and testicular salvageability at the 24th hour of torsion.31 rats were randomly classified into 4 groups. In Group 1 (sham-control group), the left testicle was kept outside and replaced. Left testicles were kept outside and twisted 360° in Group 2, 720° in Group 3 and 1080° in Group 4. Later, DWI was performed at 8th and 24th hours. After DWI, bilateral radical orchiectomy and histopathological examination were performed. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were obtained with b-factors of 0 and 800 s mmSensitivity of DWI in the diagnosis of TT was 12.5% for 360° torsion, 100% for 720° torsion and 1080° torsion at the 8th hour of torsion. Mean ADC values of the left testicles increased significantly at the 24th hour of torsion in Groups 3 and 4. All testicles in Groups 3 and 4 were observed to be irrecoverable on histopathological examination.Increased ADC values in the affected testicle may represent irreversible tissue damage. So, immediate surgery is not required at this stage, which may reduce morbidity and mortality caused by immediate surgery and anaesthesia. Advances in knowledge: TT can be diagnosed easily by DWI without administrating any contrast material. DWI findings in the affected testicle may represent testicular salvageability.

Background Pylephlebitis, a rare complication of abdominal infections, is a septic thrombophlebitis of the portal venous system with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Case Report We present a case of pylephlebitis complicating acute appendicitis and report the utility of a computed tomography scan in the diagnosis. Why Should an Emergency Physician be Aware of This? The prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment of pylephlebitis are crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality, but clinical presentation is often nonspecific. A computed tomography scan is instrumental in the early diagnosis of pylephlebitis because it readily reveals the thrombus in the mesenteric or portal vein in the setting of acute appendicitis. Early and aggressive treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics is necessary, and anticoagulation therapy can also be used to prevent bowel ischemia. © 2016 Elsevier Inc.

Persistent primitive trigeminal artery (PPTA) is an abnormal embryonic vascular structure that provides connection between the carotid artery and vertebrobasilar system. PPTA usually originates from cavernous segment of internal carotid artery (ICA) and contacts with the central part of the basilar artery. The sellar lesions such as pituitary adenoma accompanying PPTA are very rare and PPTA is an unusual cause of trigeminal neuralgia. Herein, we present two cases of PPTA along with a prolactin secreting pituitary adenoma and trigeminal neuralgia (TN) due to PPTA, diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We suggest that MRI would be able to properly plan and execute surgical treatment and avoid cerebral digital subtraction angiography (DSA). © 2016, Marmara University. All rights reserved.