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late preterm infants: a population at risk in the short and long term Preterm Birth has increased over the last decades in developed countries; the mayor contribution to this increa-se has been from “late preterm” births (lP). recent publications show higher rates of mortality and morbidity for lP compared with full term infants, both in the short and long term; the risk of mortality and morbidity increases with decreasing gestational age, the lowest risk being at 39 weeks of gestation. complications of lP birth are related to immaturity of the different organs and systems. during the neonatal period, the most frequent complications are hyaline Membrane disease, transient tachipnea, hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubine-mia and feeding problems. in the long term, outcomes show that lP have an increased risk for developmental delay, academic and behavioral difficulties. While most complications are less frequent and less severe than extremely preterm infants, the large number of children that are born as lP represent a large population at risk. the purpose of this article is to review available evidence on mortality, morbidity and long term development in lP. this data may help obstetricians, neonatologists, pediatricians and public health workers to pay attention to this new population at risk.(

Antecedentes: El síndrome de transfusión feto fetal (STFF) afecta el 15% de los gemelares monocoriales y tiene una mortalidad de 90% cuando se diagnostica antes de las 26 semanas. Objetivo: Evaluar el resultado perinatal mediante fotocoagulación con láser porfetoscopia, de las anastomosis vasculares placentarias en pacientes con STFF. Método: Fotocoagulación láser por fetoscopia de 18 casos de SFF tratados en Clínica Alemana de Santiago entre los años 2005-2008. Resultados: 72,8% de los embarazos concluyeron con al menos un niño vivo. No se requirió una nueva fetoscopia en ningún caso. No hubo rotura de membranas posprocedimiento en pacientes previamente asintomáticas. No se ha presentado daño neurológico en los niños sobrevivientes. Conclusiones: El resultado materno-perinatal es similar a las series internacionales y demuestra la factibilidad de este procedimiento de ser realizado en nuestro país por profesionales capacitados. Background: Twin to twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) occurs in 15% of monochorionic twins and has a 90% mortality when diagnosed before 26 weeks. Objective: To evaluated the perinatal outcome following fetoscopy guided laser coagulation of placental anatomoses. Method: Retrospective analysis of 18 cases treated in Clinica Alemana, between 2005 and 2008. Results: 72.8% of the pregnancies had at least one survivor at neonatal discharge. No case needed a second fetoscopy. There was no rupture of the membranes in patients without symptoms before surgery. There were no neurological sequels in survivors. Conclusions: The maternal and perinatal outcome is similar to international series and demonstrates feasibility in our country by experienced operators.

Antecedentes. La evaluación gráfica del parto fue descrito originalmente por Friedman, sin embargo, una descripción de la evolución del trabajo de parto con un manejo médico contemporáneo no ha sido completamente evaluado. Objetivo: Analizar el efecto de un manejo médico estandarizado del trabajo de parto, que incluye anestesia regional, rotura artificial de membranas y conducción ocitócica, sobre la fase activa del trabajo de parto en multíparas. Método. Análisis retrospectivo de 130 multíparas en trabajo de parto espontáneo, que ingresaron con 3 a 4 cm de dilatación. Resultados. Se observó una duración de la fase activa del trabajo de parto de aproximadamente 3,5 horas, con una progresión promedio de 1,5 cm/ h, produciéndose la mayor progresión entre los 7 y 9 cm de dilatación con 1,9 cm/h. La segunda fase del trabajo de parto presento una duración promedio de 28 minutos. Conclusiones. Nuestros resultados muestran que el manejo "médico estandarizado" del trabajo de parto no reduce los tiempos de la fase activa ni de la segunda fase en multíparas. Creemos que es necesario implementar estudios randomizados para determinar la influencia de este tipo manejo del trabajo de parto en la incidencia de cesáreas Objective. To analyze the influence of a standardised protocol for the management of labour applied during the active phase of labour. Method. The graphic partograms of 130 multiparous women with spontaneous onset of labor were retrospectively analysed. A standardised protocol was defined by use of regional anaesthesia, early rupture of membranes and oxytocin acceleration during the active phase of labour. Results. The mean duration of the active phase of labour and the mean cervical rate dilatation were approximately 3.5 hours and 1.5 cm/h, respectively. The maximum mean rate of dilatation was 1.9 cm/h at the range of 7 to 9 cm, being the mean duration of the second phase of labour only 28 minutes. Conclusions. This study shows that the application of this standardised protocol of management of labour do not appear to be associated with a shortenning in the duration of the active dilatation and second stage of labour. Therefore, it would be necessary to set up a randomized control trial to evaluate the influence of this kind of managements in the caesarean section rate