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1. Whole-genome analysis as a diagnostic tool for patients referred for diagnosis of Silver-Russell syndrome: a real-world study

Author: Katriona Tatton-Brown, Meriel McEntagart, Justin H Davies, Derek Lim, Deborah J G Mackay, I. Karen Temple, Ahmed S N Alhendi, and Shane McKee
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Genomics, 030105 genetics & heredity, Genome, Genomic Imprinting, 03 medical and health sciences, Pregnancy, parasitic diseases, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Abnormalities, Multiple, Imprinting (psychology), Gene, Genetics (clinical), business.industry, Silver–Russell syndrome, DNA Methylation, Uniparental Disomy, medicine.disease, Silver-Russell Syndrome, 030104 developmental biology, Clinical diagnosis, Cohort, Female, Maternal Inheritance, Differential diagnosis, business
Abstract: BackgroundSilver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is an imprinting disorder characterised by prenatal and postnatal growth restriction, but its clinical features are non-specific and its differential diagnosis is broad. Known molecular causes of SRS include imprinting disturbance, single nucleotide variant (SNV), CNV or UPD affecting several genes; however, up to 40% of individuals with a clinical diagnosis of SRS currently receive no positive molecular diagnosis.MethodsTo determine whether whole-genome sequencing (WGS) could uncover pathogenic variants missed by current molecular testing, we analysed data of 72 participants recruited to the 100,000 Genomes Project within the clinical category of SRS.ResultsIn 20 participants (27% of the cohort) we identified genetic variants plausibly accounting for SRS. Coding SNVs were identified in genes including CDKN1C, IGF2, IGF1R and ORC1. Maternal-effect variants were found in mothers of five participants, including two participants with imprinting disturbance and one with multilocus imprinting disorder. Two regions of homozygosity were suggestive of UPD involving imprinted regions implicated in SRS and Temple syndrome, and three plausibly pathogenic CNVs were found, including a paternal deletion of PLAGL1. In 48 participants with no plausible pathogenic variant, unbiased analysis of SNVs detected a potential association with STX4.ConclusionWGS analysis can detect UPD, CNV and SNV and is potentially a valuable addition to diagnosis of SRS and related growth-restricting disorders.
Published: 2021
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2. Variants in GNAI1 Cause a Syndrome Associated with Variable Features including Developmental Delay, Seizures and Hypotonia

Author: Lauren Brady, Bryan E. Hainline, Konrad Platzer, Muhammad Zafar, Corinna Powell, Darcy J. Huismann, Heather C Mefford, Afnan Alhakeem, Daniel G. MacArthur, Alison M. Muir, Trevor L Hoffman, Mark A. Tarnopolsky, François Lecoquierre, Lindsay Rhodes, Tilman Polster, Susanne Axer-Schaefer, Alice Goldenberg, Katherine Sapp, Caoimhe S. McKenna, Jasper J. van der Smagt, Tara Montgomery, Eleina M. England, Brianna K. Murray, Myriam Srour, Lia Zitano, William B. Dobyns, Grace Noh, Angela F. Brady, Lindsey Sawyer, Ingrid M. Wentzensen, Holly Dubbs, Jane Juusola, Richard Caswell, Richard H. van Jaarsveld, Danielle DeMarzo, Samantha A. Schrier Vergano, Caleb Bupp, Grace E. VanNoy, Jose E. Martinez, Melanie O’Leary, Iris M de Lange, Shane McKee, Golder N. Wilson, Rhonda E. Schnur, Meira Meltzer, Vinod Varghese, Kristin G. Monaghan, Carole Brewer, Carolyn Tysoe, Jennifer F. Gardner, Ethan M. Goldberg, Shelagh Joss, Andrea Accogli, Chiara Klöckner, Andrea L. Gropman, and Pradeep C. Vasudevan
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Developmental Disabilities, 030105 genetics & heredity, Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, Neurodevelopmental disorder, Seizures, Intellectual Disability, Intellectual disability, Exome Sequencing, medicine, Humans, Global developmental delay, Child, Genetics (clinical), Exome sequencing, Genetics, Genetic heterogeneity, medicine.disease, Hypotonia, 030104 developmental biology, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Autism, Muscle Hypotonia, medicine.symptom
Abstract: Purpose: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) encompass a spectrum of genetically heterogeneous disorders with features that commonly include developmental delay, intellectual disability, and autism spectrum disorders. We sought to delineate the molecular and phenotypic spectrum of a novel neurodevelopmental disorder caused by variants in the GNAI1 gene. Methods: Through large cohort trio-based exome sequencing and international data-sharing, we identified 24 unrelated individuals with NDD phenotypes and a variant in GNAI1, which encodes the inhibitory Gαi1 subunit of heterotrimeric G-proteins. We collected detailed genotype and phenotype information for each affected individual. Results: We identified 16 unique variants in GNAI1 in 24 affected individuals; 23 occurred de novo and one was inherited from a mosaic parent. Most affected individuals have a severe neurodevelopmental disorder. Core features include global developmental delay, intellectual disability, hypotonia, and epilepsy. Conclusion: This collaboration establishes GNAI1 variants as a cause of NDDs. GNAI1-related NDD is most often characterized by severe to profound delays, hypotonia, epilepsy that ranges from self-limiting to intractable, behavior problems, and variable mild dysmorphic features.
Published: 2021

3. Finding Diagnostically Useful Patterns in Quantitative Phenotypic Data

Author: Stuart Aitken, Helen V. Firth, Jeremy McRae, Mihail Halachev, Usha Kini, Michael J. Parker, Melissa M. Lees, Katherine Lachlan, Ajoy Sarkar, Shelagh Joss, Miranda Splitt, Shane McKee, Andrea H. Németh, Richard H. Scott, Caroline F. Wright, Joseph A. Marsh, Matthew E. Hurles, David R. FitzPatrick, T.W. Fitzgerald, S.S. Gerety, W.D. Jones, M. van Kogelenberg, D.A. King, J. McRae, K.I. Morley, V. Parthiban, S. Al-Turki, K. Ambridge, D.M. Barrett, T. Bayzetinova, S. Clayton, E.L. Coomber, S. Gribble, P. Jones, N. Krishnappa, L.E. Mason, A. Middleton, R. Miller, E. Prigmore, D. Rajan, A. Sifrim, A.R. Tivey, M. Ahmed, N. Akawi, R. Andrews, U. Anjum, H. Archer, R. Armstrong, M. Balasubramanian, R. Banerjee, D. Barelle, P. Batstone, D. Baty, C. Bennett, J. Berg, B. Bernhard, A.P. Bevan, E. Blair, M. Blyth, D. Bohanna, L. Bourdon, D. Bourn, A. Brady, E. Bragin, C. Brewer, L. Brueton, K. Brunstrom, S.J. Bumpstead, D.J. Bunyan, J. Burn, J. Burton, N. Canham, B. Castle, K. Chandler, S. Clasper, J. Clayton-Smith, T. Cole, A. Collins, M.N. Collinson, F. Connell, N. Cooper, H. Cox, L. Cresswell, G. Cross, Y. Crow, P.M. D’Alessandro, T. Dabir, R. Davidson, S. Davies, J. Dean, C. Deshpande, G. Devlin, A. Dixit, A. Dominiczak, C. Donnelly, D. Donnelly, A. Douglas, A. Duncan, J. Eason, S. Edkins, S. Ellard, P. Ellis, F. Elmslie, K. Evans, S. Everest, T. Fendick, R. Fisher, F. Flinter, N. Foulds, A. Fryer, B. Fu, C. Gardiner, L. Gaunt, N. Ghali, R. Gibbons, S.L. Gomes Pereira, J. Goodship, D. Goudie, E. Gray, P. Greene, L. Greenhalgh, L. Harrison, R. Hawkins, S. Hellens, A. Henderson, E. Hobson, S. Holden, S. Holder, G. Hollingsworth, T. Homfray, M. Humphreys, J. Hurst, S. Ingram, M. Irving, J. Jarvis, L. Jenkins, D. Johnson, D. Jones, E. Jones, D. Josifova, S. Joss, B. Kaemba, S. Kazembe, B. Kerr, U. Kini, E. Kinning, G. Kirby, C. Kirk, E. Kivuva, A. Kraus, D. Kumar, K. Lachlan, W. Lam, A. Lampe, C. Langman, M. Lees, D. Lim, G. Lowther, S.A. Lynch, A. Magee, E. Maher, S. Mansour, K. Marks, K. Martin, U. Maye, E. McCann, V. McConnell, M. McEntagart, R. McGowan, K. McKay, S. McKee, D.J. McMullan, S. McNerlan, S. Mehta, K. Metcalfe, E. Miles, S. Mohammed, T. Montgomery, D. Moore, S. Morgan, A. Morris, J. Morton, H. Mugalaasi, V. Murday, L. Nevitt, R. Newbury-Ecob, A. Norman, R. O’Shea, C. Ogilvie, S. Park, M.J. Parker, C. Patel, J. Paterson, S. Payne, J. Phipps, D.T. Pilz, D. Porteous, N. Pratt, K. Prescott, S. Price, A. Pridham, A. Proctor, H. Purnell, N. Ragge, J. Rankin, L. Raymond, D. Rice, L. Robert, E. Roberts, G. Roberts, J. Roberts, P. Roberts, A. Ross, E. Rosser, A. Saggar, S. Samant, R. Sandford, A. Sarkar, S. Schweiger, C. Scott, R. Scott, A. Selby, A. Seller, C. Sequeira, N. Shannon, S. Sharif, C. Shaw-Smith, E. Shearing, D. Shears, I. Simonic, D. Simpkin, R. Singzon, Z. Skitt, A. Smith, B. Smith, K. Smith, S. Smithson, L. Sneddon, M. Splitt, M. Squires, F. Stewart, H. Stewart, M. Suri, V. Sutton, G.J. Swaminathan, E. Sweeney, K. Tatton-Brown, C. Taylor, R. Taylor, M. Tein, I.K. Temple, J. Thomson, J. Tolmie, A. Torokwa, B. Treacy, C. Turner, P. Turnpenny, C. Tysoe, A. Vandersteen, P. Vasudevan, J. Vogt, E. Wakeling, D. Walker, J. Waters, A. Weber, D. Wellesley, M. Whiteford, S. Widaa, S. Wilcox, D. Williams, N. Williams, G. Woods, C. Wragg, M. Wright, F. Yang, M. Yau, N.P. Carter, M. Parker, H.V. Firth, D.R. FitzPatrick, C.F. Wright, J.C. Barrett, and M.E. Hurles
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Proband, Nonsynonymous substitution, Heterozygote, phenotype, Developmental Disabilities, genotype, Dwarfism, Biology, Article, naive Bayes, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Gene Frequency, Similarity (network science), developmental disease, Exome Sequencing, Genotype, Genetics, medicine, Humans, tSNE, Exome, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Child, Gene, Allele frequency, Genetics (clinical), Spectrin, Bayes Theorem, medicine.disease, Repressor Proteins, Developmental disorder, 030104 developmental biology, Mutation, Mutation (genetic algorithm), Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Trio-based whole-exome sequence (WES) data have established confident genetic diagnoses in ∼40% of previously undiagnosed individuals recruited to the Deciphering Developmental Disorders (DDD) study. Here we aim to use the breadth of phenotypic information recorded in DDD to augment diagnosis and disease variant discovery in probands. Median Euclidean distances (mEuD) were employed as a simple measure of similarity of quantitative phenotypic data within sets of ≥10 individuals with plausibly causative de novo mutations (DNM) in 28 different developmental disorder genes. 13/28 (46.4%) showed significant similarity for growth or developmental milestone metrics, 10/28 (35.7%) showed similarity in HPO term usage, and 12/28 (43%) showed no phenotypic similarity. Pairwise comparisons of individuals with high-impact inherited variants to the 32 individuals with causative DNM in ANKRD11 using only growth z-scores highlighted 5 likely causative inherited variants and two unrecognized DNM resulting in an 18% diagnostic uplift for this gene. Using an independent approach, naive Bayes classification of growth and developmental data produced reasonably discriminative models for the 24 DNM genes with sufficiently complete data. An unsupervised naive Bayes classification of 6,993 probands with WES data and sufficient phenotypic information defined 23 in silico syndromes (ISSs) and was used to test a “phenotype first” approach to the discovery of causative genotypes using WES variants strictly filtered on allele frequency, mutation consequence, and evidence of constraint in humans. This highlighted heterozygous de novo nonsynonymous variants in SPTBN2 as causative in three DDD probands.
Published: 2019
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4. The ARID1B spectrum in 143 patients

Author: Catherine Vincent-Delorme, Claudia A. L. Ruivenkamp, Marjan De Rademaeker, Francisco Martínez, Tracy Dudding-Byth, Marianne McGuire, Bert B.A. de Vries, Mitsuhiro Kato, Levinus A. Bok, Hülya Kayserili, Jeff M. Milunsky, Suzanne C E H Sallevelt, Alwin F. J. Brouwer, Jill Clayton-Smith, Emilia K. Bijlsma, Miranda Splitt, Patricia G. Wheeler, Philippe M. Campeau, Fatma Mujgan Sonmez, Kylin Lammers, Stefanie Beck-Wödl, Caroline Rooryck, Louise C. Wilson, Evan E. Eichler, Sarina G. Kant, Johanna C. Herkert, Karin R. Heitink, Eyyup Uctepe, Pleuntje J. van der Sluijs, Miho Adachi-Fukuda, Lone W. Laulund, Sandra Jansen, Nicolette S. den Hollander, Damien Lederer, Tomoki Kosho, Constance T. R. M. Stumpel, Saskia M. Maas, Esra Kılıç, Erica H. Gerkes, Duco Steenbeek, Melissa Lees, Kay Metcalfe, Karin Dahan, Ineke van der Burgt, Isabelle Maystadt, Christian Netzer, Ute Grasshoff, Carmen Orellana, Mahmut Şamil Sağıroğlu, Gijs W. E. Santen, Pelin Ozlem Simsek-Kiper, Mónica Roselló, Gabriela Soares, Alexander P.A. Stegmann, Stephen P. Robertson, Adila Al-Kindy, Maian Roifman, Saori Tanabe, Vera Riehmer, Brain H Y Chung, Arie van Haeringen, G. Eda Utine, Yasemin Alanay, Rogier Kersseboom, John B. Moeschler, Barbara Oehl-Jaschkowitz, Katherine Berry, Denise Horn, Alice Gardham, Shane McKee, Anwar Baban, Amparo Sanchis Calvo, Golder N. Wilson, Krystyna H. Chrzanowska, G. M. S. Mancini, Ellen R. Elias, Małgorzata Krajewska-Walasek, Rolph Pfundt, Sarju G. Mehta, Fabienne G. Ropers, Seiji Mizuno, David Hunt, Caroline Pottinger, Dagmar Wieczorek, Yoyo W. Y. Chu, Laurent Pasquier, Bernd Wollnik, Nobuhiko Okamoto, Sunita Venkateswaran, Vanesa López-González, Natalie Canham, Blanca Gener, Anne Destree, Christina Fagerberg, Rachel K. Earl, Sharon N M Olminkhof, Nursel Elcioglu, Charlotte W. Ockeloen, Carlo Marcelis, Samantha A. Vergano, Hermine E. Veenstra-Knol, Anneke T. Vulto-van Silfhout, Allan Bayat, Catheline Vilain, Lucia Solaeche, MUMC+: DA KG Polikliniek (9), RS: GROW - R4 - Reproductive and Perinatal Medicine, Genetica & Celbiologie, MUMC+: DA KG Lab Centraal Lab (9), MUMC+: DA Pat Cytologie (9), Klinische Genetica, van der Sluijs, Pleuntje J., Jansen, Sandra, Vergano, Samantha A., Adachi-Fukuda, Miho, Alanay, Yasemin, AlKindy, Adila, Baban, Anwar, Bayat, Allan, Beck-Woedl, Stefanie, Berry, Katherine, Bijlsma, Emilia K., Bok, Levinus A., Brouwer, Alwin F. J., van der Burgt, Ineke, Campeau, Philippe M., Canham, Natalie, Chrzanowska, Krystyna, Chu, Yoyo W. Y., Chung, Brain H. Y., Dahan, Karin, De Rademaeker, Marjan, Destree, Anne, Dudding-Byth, Tracy, Earl, Rachel, Elcioglu, Nursel, Elias, Ellen R., Fagerberg, Christina, Gardham, Alice, Gener, Blanca, Gerkes, Erica H., Grasshoff, Ute, van Haeringen, Arie, Heitink, Karin R., Herkert, Johanna C., den Hollander, Nicolette S., Horn, Denise, Hunt, David, Kant, Sarina G., Kato, Mitsuhiro, Kayserili, Hulya, Kersseboom, Rogier, Kilic, Esra, Krajewska-Walasek, Malgorzata, Lammers, Kylin, Laulund, Lone W., Lederer, Damien, Lees, Melissa, Lopez-Gonzalez, Vanesa, Maas, Saskia, Mancini, Grazia M. S., Marcelis, Carlo, Martinez, Francisco, Maystadt, Isabelle, McGuire, Marianne, McKee, Shane, Mehta, Sarju, Metcalfe, Kay, Milunsky, Jeff, Mizuno, Seiji, Moeschler, John B., Netzer, Christian, Ockeloen, Charlotte W., Oehl-Jaschkowitz, Barbara, Okamoto, Nobuhiko, Olminkhof, Sharon N. M., Orellana, Carmen, Pasquier, Laurent, Pottinger, Caroline, Riehmer, Vera, Robertson, Stephen P., Roifman, Maian, Rooryck, Caroline, Ropers, Fabienne G., Rosello, Monica, Ruivenkamp, Claudia A. L., Sagiroglu, Mahmut S., Sallevelt, Suzanne C. E. H., Sanchis Calvo, Amparo, Simsek-Kiper, Pelin O., Soares, Gabriela, Solaeche, Lucia, Sonmez, Fatma Mujgan, Splitt, Miranda, Steenbeek, Duco, Stegmann, Alexander P. A., Stumpel, Constance T. R. M., Tanabe, Saori, Uctepe, Eyyup, Utine, G. Eda, Veenstra-Knol, Hermine E., Venkateswaran, Sunita, Vilain, Catheline, Vincent-Delorme, Catherine, Vulto-van Silfhout, Anneke T., Wheeler, Patricia, Wilson, Golder N., Wilson, Louise C., Wollnik, Bernd, Kosho, Tomoki, Wieczorek, Dagmar, Eichler, Evan, Pfundt, Rolph, de Vries, Bert B. A., Clayton-Smith, Jill, Santen, Gijs W. E., Erasmus MC other, Clinical Genetics, Human Genetics, and Acibadem University Dspace
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Hypertrichosis, Pediatrics, cuello, bias, Coffin–Siris syndrome, Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone, humanos, adolescente, Penetrance, PHENOTYPE, 0302 clinical medicine, Genotype, Intellectual disability, Exome, Coffin-Siris syndrome, Child, mediana edad, Genetics (clinical), Exome sequencing, factores de transcripción, adulto, Middle Aged, estudios de asociación genética, 3. Good health, DNA-Binding Proteins, intellectual disability, Child, Preschool, discapacidad intelectual, penetrancia, Female, Hand Deformities, Congenital, Rare cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 9], Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Micrognathism, Article, CHROMATIN-REMODELING COMPLEX, 03 medical and health sciences, All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center, cara, micrognatismo, Human Phenotype Ontology, medicine, Humans, Abnormalities, Multiple, mutación, Long eyelashes, Genetic Association Studies, lactante, Neurodevelopmental disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 7], business.industry, MUTATIONS, proteínas de unión al ADN, Infant, Newborn, Genetic Variation, Infant, ARID1B, Hand Deformities, Phalanx, medicine.disease, variación genética, deformidades de la mano, exoma, 030104 developmental biology, Face, Mutation, business, Neck, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Transcription Factors
Abstract: Purpose: Pathogenic variants in ARID1B are one of the most frequent causes of intellectual disability (ID) as determined by large-scale exome sequencing studies. Most studies published thus far describe clinically diagnosed Coffin-Siris patients (ARID1BCSS) and it is unclear whether these data are representative for patients identified through sequencing of unbiased ID cohorts (ARID1B-ID). We therefore sought to determine genotypic and phenotypic differences between ARID1B-ID and ARID1B-CSS. In parallel, we investigated the effect of different methods of phenotype reporting. Methods: Clinicians entered clinical data in an extensive webbased survey. Results: 79 ARID1B-CSS and 64 ARID1B-ID patients were included. CSS-associated dysmorphic features, such as thick eyebrows, long eyelashes, thick alae nasi, long and/or broad philtrum, small nails and small or absent fifth distal phalanx and hypertrichosis, were observed significantly more often (p < 0.001) in ARID1B-CSS patients. No other significant differences were identified. Conclusion: There are only minor differences between ARID1BID and ARID1B-CSS patients. ARID1B-related disorders seem to consist of a spectrum, and patients should be managed similarly. We demonstrated that data collection methods without an explicit option to report the absence of a feature (such as most Human Phenotype Ontology-based methods) tended to underestimate gene-related features., We are grateful for the assistance of Pepijn Cox in setting up the website www.arid1bgene.com. This study has made use of data generated by the Human Disease Genes website series, www.humandiseasegenes.com. This work was financially supported by grants from the Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (917-86-319 to B.B.A.d.V., 912-12-109 to B.B.A.d.V.)
Published: 2019
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5. A Syndromic Neurodevelopmental Disorder Caused by Mutations in SMARCD1, a Core SWI/SNF Subunit Needed for Context-Dependent Neuronal Gene Regulation in Flies

Author: Shane McKee, Christel Depienne, Diana Baralle, Ddd Study, Justine Rousseau, Philippe M. Campeau, Sophie Ehresmann, Naomichi Matsumoto, Solveig Heide, Max H. Stone, Hannah Titheradge, Alyssa Ritter, Kevin C J Nixon, Seiji Mizuno, Jamie M. Kramer, Delphine Héron, Noriko Miyake, Mohammed Sarikahya, Kosuke Izumi, Western University [London, ON, Canada], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine [Montréal, QC, Canada] (CHU Sainte-Justine), Yokohama City University (YCU), University of Southampton, Belfast City Hospital, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hôpital Trousseau, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Duisburg-Essen, and Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust
Subjects: Male, Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone, Developmental Disabilities, Medizin, Transcriptome, 0302 clinical medicine, Neurodevelopmental disorder, Drosophila Proteins, Child, Genetics (clinical), Exome sequencing, Neurons, Regulation of gene expression, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Syndrome, SWI/SNF, Hypotonia, Drosophila melanogaster, intellectual disability, Child, Preschool, Muscle Hypotonia, Female, medicine.symptom, BAFopathies, Mitosis, Context (language use), SMARCD1, Biology, Drosophila mushroom body, Article, Chromatin remodeling, 03 medical and health sciences, long-term memory, Memory, medicine, Animals, Humans, Learning, Mushroom Bodies, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, fungi, medicine.disease, neurodevelopmental disorder, Disease Models, Animal, Gene Expression Regulation, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Mutation, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Transcription Factors
Abstract: Mutations in several genes encoding components of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex cause neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Here, we report on 5 individuals with mutations in SMARCD1, presenting with developmental delay, intellectual disability, hypotonia, feeding difficulties, and small hands and feet. The mutations were proven to be de novo in 4 of the 5 individuals, by trio exome sequencing. Mutations in other SWI/SNF components cause Coffin-Siris syndrome and Nicolaides-Baraitser syndrome, or other syndromic and non-syndromic NDDs. Although the individuals presented here have dysmorphisms and some clinical overlap with these syndromes, they lack the typical facial dysmorphisms. To gain insight into the function of SMARCD1 in neurons, we investigated the Drosophila ortholog, Bap60, in postmitotic memory-forming neurons of the adult Drosophila mushroom body (MB). Targeted knockdown of Bap60 in the MB of adult flies causes defects in long-term memory. Mushroom body specific transcriptome analysis revealed that Bap60 is required for context-dependent expression of genes involved in neuron function and development in juvenile flies when synaptic connections are actively being formed in response to experience. Taken together, we identify a NDD caused by SMARCD1 mutations and establish a role for the SMARCD1 ortholog Bap60 in regulation of neurodevelopmental genes during a critical time window of juvenile adult brain development that is essential in establishing neuronal circuits that are required for learning and memory.
Published: 2019
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6. Making sense of missense variants in TTN-related congenital myopathies

Author: Anna Sarkozy, Erik-Jan Kamsteeg, Mark Pfuhl, Nicol C. Voermans, Martin Rees, Corrie E. Erasmus, Hülya-Sevcan Daimagüler, Steven A. Moore, Rahul Phadke, Mark R. Holt, Rolf Schröder, Istvan Bodi, Carla Grosmann, Sebahattin Cirak, E. Matthews, Ay Lin Kho, Peter Van den Bergh, Christian Thiel, Shane McKee, Joel Victor Fluss, Roksana Nikoopour, Charu Deshpande, Jens Reimann, Emily C. Oates, Maria Elena Farrugia, Özkan Özdemir, Isabelle Richard, Cristina Domínguez-González, Chaminda Konersman, Ekkehard Wilichowski, Birgit Brandmeier, Atsushi Fukuzawa, Ana Ferreiro, Heinz Jungbluth, Ros Quinlivan, Sandya Tirupathi, Mathias Gautel, Gabriele Dekomien, Cheryl Longman, Miguel A Fernandez-Garcia, Francesco Muntoni, Michael G. Hanna, Elizabeth Wraige, Elke Hobbiebrunken, Sarah Grover, UCL - SSS/IONS - Institute of NeuroScience, UCL - (SLuc) Service de neurologie, UCL - (SLuc) Centre de référence neuromusculaire, King‘s College London, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's Hospital [London], University of Cologne, Children’s University Hospital of Geneva [Switzerland], Queen Elizabeth University Hospital (Glasgow), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery [London, UK], Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children [London] (GOSH), University College of London [London] (UCL), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Westmead Hospital [Sydney], University Hospital Erlangen [Germany], Universitätsklinikum Erlangen [Erlangen], University of Bonn Medical Centre [Bonn], Radboud university [Nijmegen], Rady Children's Hospital, Belfast City Hospital, Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, University of Iowa [Iowa City], University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Approches génétiques intégrées et nouvelles thérapies pour les maladies rares (INTEGRARE), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Généthon, Généthon, Saint-Luc University Hospital [Brussels, Belgium], Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre [Madrid], Université de Paris (UP), Institut de Myologie, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Charles Foix [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), King's College Hospital (KCH), MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases [London, UK], University Hospital Erlangen = Uniklinikum Erlangen, Radboud University [Nijmegen], Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], Gillette Children's Specialty Healthcare [St Paul], Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Ruhr-Universität Bochum [Bochum], Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA (UMR_8251 / U1133)), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Weakness, Adolescent, Myotonia Congenita, Mutation, Missense, Other Research Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 0], Extraocular muscles, Sensory disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 12], Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Humans, Medicine, Missense mutation, Connectin, Child, Myopathy, Aged, Muscle contracture, Genetics, Phenocopy, Original Paper, biology, business.industry, Infant, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Middle Aged, Disorders of movement Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 3], medicine.disease, Congenital myopathy, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Child, Preschool, biology.protein, Female, Titin, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Mutations in the sarcomeric protein titin, encoded byTTN, are emerging as a common cause of myopathies. The diagnosis of aTTN-related myopathy is, however, often not straightforward due to clinico-pathological overlap with other myopathies and the prevalence ofTTNvariants in control populations. Here, we present a combined clinico-pathological, genetic and biophysical approach to the diagnosis ofTTN-related myopathies and the pathogenicity ascertainment ofTTNmissense variants. We identified 30 patients with a primaryTTN-related congenital myopathy (CM) and two truncating variants, or one truncating and one missenseTTNvariant, or homozygous for oneTTNmissense variant. We found that TTN-related myopathies show considerable overlap with other myopathies but are strongly suggested by a combination of certain clinico-pathological features. Presentation was typically at birth with the clinical course characterized by variable progression of weakness, contractures, scoliosis and respiratory symptoms but sparing of extraocular muscles. Cardiac involvement depended on the variant position. Our biophysical analyses demonstrated that missense mutations associated with CMs are strongly destabilizing and exert their effect when expressed on a truncating background or in homozygosity. We hypothesise that destabilizingTTNmissense mutations phenocopy truncating variants and are a key pathogenic feature of recessive titinopathies that might be amenable to therapeutic intervention.
Published: 2021
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7. Delineation of phenotypes and genotypes related to cohesin structural protein RAD21

Author: Michael J. Parker, Francisco Martínez, Paul A. Mulder, Lianne C. Krab, Shane McKee, Meena Balasubramanian, Melissa Assaf, Iñigo Marcos-Alcalde, Leonie A. Menke, Sanna Gudmundsson, Marwan Shinawi, Emanuela Scarano, Oliver Murch, Raoul C.M. Hennekam, David R. FitzPatrick, Paulino Gómez-Puertas, Feliciano J. Ramos, Janne Bayer Andersen, Jill A. Rosenfeld Mokry, Tugba Kalayci, Saskia M. Maas, Anne Marie Bisgaard, Sylvia A. Huisman, Juan Pié, Claudine Rieubland, Zeynep Tümer, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Paediatric Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Human Genetics, General Paediatrics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), Graduate School, and APH - Quality of Care
Subjects: Male, Mungan syndrome, Genotype-phenotype correlation, Protein Conformation, 8Q24, Cell Cycle Proteins, NIPBL, 0302 clinical medicine, Holoprosencephaly, De Lange Syndrome, Genotype, Child, Genetics (clinical), Original Investigation, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Middle Aged, Phenotype, DNA-Binding Proteins, DE-LANGE-SYNDROME, CORNELIA, Child, Preschool, Female, Chromosome Deletion, Medical Genetics, Adult, Cornelia de Lange Syndrome, Adolescent, Cohesin complex, ORGANIZATION, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, SMC1A, Biology, PATIENT, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Cohesinopathy, medicine, Humans, RAD21, Genetic Association Studies, Medicinsk genetik, 030304 developmental biology, IDENTIFICATION, Cohesin, MUTATIONS, Infant, Newborn, Infant, medicine.disease, GENE, Cornelia de Lange syndrome, GIEDION, Mutation, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: RAD21 encodes a key component of the cohesin complex, and variants in RAD21 have been associated with Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS). Limited information on phenotypes attributable to RAD21 variants and genotype–phenotype relationships is currently published. We gathered a series of 49 individuals from 33 families with RAD21 alterations [24 different intragenic sequence variants (2 recurrent), 7 unique microdeletions], including 24 hitherto unpublished cases. We evaluated consequences of 12 intragenic variants by protein modelling and molecular dynamic studies. Full clinical information was available for 29 individuals. Their phenotype is an attenuated CdLS phenotype compared to that caused by variants in NIPBL or SMC1A for facial morphology, limb anomalies, and especially for cognition and behavior. In the 20 individuals with limited clinical information, additional phenotypes include Mungan syndrome (in patients with biallelic variants) and holoprosencephaly, with or without CdLS characteristics. We describe several additional cases with phenotypes including sclerocornea, in which involvement of the RAD21 variant is uncertain. Variants were frequently familial, and genotype–phenotype analyses demonstrated striking interfamilial and intrafamilial variability. Careful phenotyping is essential in interpreting consequences of RAD21 variants, and protein modeling and dynamics can be helpful in determining pathogenicity. The current study should be helpful when counseling families with a RAD21 variation., Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities/State Research Agency RTC-2017-6494-1 and RTI2018-094434-B-I00 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) as well as funds from the European JPIAMR-VRI network “CONNECT” to PG-P
Published: 2020
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8. GATAD2B-associated neurodevelopmental disorder (GAND) : clinical and molecular insights into a NuRD-related disorder

Author: Lisa Ohden, Jenny Morton, M. J. Hajianpour, Geoffrey Beek, Rebecca C. Spillmann, Donald Basel, Christine Shieh, Joel P. Mackay, Richard S. Finkel, Stanley F. Nelson, Andrew Choi, Shane McKee, Thomas D. Challman, Karen E. Wain, Loren D M Pena, Rosemarie Smith, David R. FitzPatrick, Natasha Jones, John M. Graham, Brigitte Vanle, Samantha A. Vergano, Kay Metcalfe, Julian A. Martinez, Ana Berta Sousa, Luis O Rohena, Usha Kini, Alden Y. Huang, Andrew Dauber, Maria Gabriela Otero, Karen W. Gripp, Mauricio R. Delgado, Roman Yusupov, Judith D. Ranells, Miranda Splitt, David Chitayat, Mary-Louise Freckmann, Juan I. Young, Emilie D. Douine, Eric D. Marsh, Helen Cox, Sunita Venkateswaran, Jane A. Hurst, Ingrid P. Taff, Margaret G. Au, Katheryn Grand, Laura Davis-Keppen, Hilary J. Vernon, Andrea H. Seeley, Tyler Mark Pierson, Hane Lee, Ana P. G. Silva, Katherine Lachlan, Sakkubai Naidu, Sonal Mahida, James J. Dowling, and Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, education, 030105 genetics & heredity, Biology, NuRD complex, GATA Transcription Factors, Article, Frameshift mutation, Chromatin remodeling, 03 medical and health sciences, GATAD2B, Neurodevelopmental disorder, Pregnancy, Apraxia of speech, Intellectual Disability, medicine, Missense mutation, Humans, Macrocephaly, Child, Genetics (clinical), Genetics, medicine.disease, Mi-2/NuRD complex, Human genetics, Hypotonia, Megalencephaly, Nucleosomes, Repressor Proteins, 030104 developmental biology, Phenotype, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Female, medicine.symptom
Abstract: Copyright © 2020, American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Purpose: Determination of genotypic/phenotypic features of GATAD2B-associated neurodevelopmental disorder (GAND). Methods: Fifty GAND subjects were evaluated to determine consistent genotypic/phenotypic features. Immunoprecipitation assays utilizing in vitro transcription-translation products were used to evaluate GATAD2B missense variants' ability to interact with binding partners within the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex. Results: Subjects had clinical findings that included macrocephaly, hypotonia, intellectual disability, neonatal feeding issues, polyhydramnios, apraxia of speech, epilepsy, and bicuspid aortic valves. Forty-one novelGATAD2B variants were identified with multiple variant types (nonsense, truncating frameshift, splice-site variants, deletions, and missense). Seven subjects were identified with missense variants that localized within two conserved region domains (CR1 or CR2) of the GATAD2B protein. Immunoprecipitation assays revealed several of these missense variants disrupted GATAD2B interactions with its NuRD complex binding partners. Conclusions: A consistent GAND phenotype was caused by a range of genetic variants in GATAD2B that include loss-of-function and missense subtypes. Missense variants were present in conserved region domains that disrupted assembly of NuRD complex proteins. GAND's clinical phenotype had substantial clinical overlap with other disorders associated with the NuRD complex that involve CHD3 and CHD4, with clinical features of hypotonia, intellectual disability, cardiac defects, childhood apraxia of speech, and macrocephaly., Research reported in this paper was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Common Fund, through the Office of Strategic Coordination/Office of the NIH Director under award number U01HG007672. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. GAND50’s seq+ analysis was supported by NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS) UCLA Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI) grant number UL1TR001881. J.P.M. received funding from the National Health and Medical Research Council (APP1012161, APP1063301, APP1126357, APP1058916). T.M.P. and this research was supported by the Cedars-Sinai institutional funding program and the Cedars-Sinai Diana and Steve Marienhoff Fashion Industries Guild Endowed Fellowship in Pediatric Neuromuscular and the Fashion Industries Guild Endowed Fellowship for the Undiagnosed Diseases Program. T.M.P. is especially grateful for the wonderful and continued support from the Cedars-Sinai Fashion Industries Guild.
Published: 2020

9. Further delineation of Malan syndrome

Author: Ann Sophie Kaiser, Fowzan S. Alkuraya, Trevor Cole, Paul A. Mulder, Pablo Lapunzina, Inge B. Mathijssen, Jan Liebelt, Claire G. Salter, Pierre Sarda, Jill A. Fahrner, Manuela Priolo, Dorothee Neubauer, Nursel Elcioglu, Denny Schanze, Katrin Tatton-Brown, Sarah F. Smithson, Jair Tenorio, Thomas E. Neumann, Charles Shaw-Smith, Letizia Pintomalli, Shane McKee, Emilia K. Bijlsma, Sally J. Davies, Sue Price, Rajesh V. Thakker, Noelia García González, Rita Valdez, Sally Ann Lynch, Nataliya Di Donato, Arie van Haeringen, Astrid S. Plomp, Inés Hernández Acero, Ilka Huber, Marcela Zollino, Laura Bernardini, Raoul C.M. Hennekam, Martin Zenker, Mohnish Suri, Mabel Segovia, Johanna M. van Hagen, Ghayda Mirzaa, Leonie A. Menke, Kreepa Kooblall, Arveen Kamath, Christine Coubes, I. Dapia, Corrado Mammì, Alison Foster, Tara Montgomery, Pedro Arias, Fernando Santos-Simarro, Maria Iascone, Maria Antonietta Pisanti, Saskia M. Maas, ANS - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Graduate School, ARD - Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Human Genetics, Paediatric Genetics, General Paediatrics, APH - Quality of Care, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), Human genetics, and Pediatric surgery
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Pediatrics, Developmental Disabilities, phenotype-genotype, Craniofacial Abnormalities, Epilepsy, Marshall–Smith syndrome, Septo-Optic Dysplasia, Intellectual disability, Child, Genetics (clinical), Research Articles, biology, Sotos syndrome, Exons, NFIX, Child, Preschool, Female, medicine.symptom, Chromosome Deletion, Hand Deformities, Congenital, Research Article, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Prominent forehead, phenotype‐genotype, Adolescent, phenotype, Mutation, Missense, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Intellectual Disability, Genetics, medicine, Congenital Hypothyroidism, Humans, Abnormalities, Multiple, Malan syndrome, Weaver syndrome, Bone Diseases, Developmental, Macrocephaly, medicine.disease, Marshall-Smith syndrome, Megalencephaly, NFI Transcription Factors, 030104 developmental biology, Marshall‐Smith syndrome, biology.protein
Abstract: Malan syndrome is an overgrowth disorder described in a limited number of individuals. We aim to delineate the entity by studying a large group of affected individuals. We gathered data on 45 affected individuals with a molecularly confirmed diagnosis through an international collaboration and compared data to the 35 previously reported individuals. Results indicate that height is > 2 SDS in infancy and childhood but in only half of affected adults. Cardinal facial characteristics include long, triangular face, macrocephaly, prominent forehead, everted lower lip and prominent chin. Intellectual disability is universally present, behaviorally anxiety is characteristic. Malan syndrome is caused by deletions or point mutations of NFIX clustered mostly in exon 2. There is no genotype-phenotype correlation except for an increased risk for epilepsy with 19p13.2 microdeletions. Variants arose de novo, except in one family in which mother was mosaic. Variants causing Malan and Marshall-Smith syndrome can be discerned by differences in the site of stop codon formation. We conclude that Malan syndrome has a well recognizable phenotype that usually can be discerned easily from Marshall-Smith syndrome but rarely there is some overlap. Differentiation from Sotos and Weaver syndrome can be made by clinical evaluation only. This article is protected by copyright.
Published: 2018
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10. The CHD8 overgrowth syndrome: A detailed evaluation of an emerging overgrowth phenotype in 27 patients

Author: Silvia Maitz, Elisa Rahikkala, Wayne Lam, Pedro A. Sanchez-Lara, Katherine Lachlan, Melissa Lees, Katherine L. Nathanson, Chey Loveday, Lionel Van Maldergem, Shane McKee, Dragana Josifova, Sally Ann Lynch, Katrina Tatton-Brown, Michael Parker, Ana Beleza-Meireles, Andrew G. L. Douglas, Sarina G. Kant, Philip J. Ostrowski, Tyler Mark Pierson, Yvonne Hilhorst-Hofstee, Sofia Douzgou, Kay Metcalfe, Marta Bertoli, Charlotte W. Ockeloen, Usha Kini, Diana Johnson, John Dean, Alice Spano, Trevor Cole, Alison Foster, Jennifer Hague, John M. Graham, Ian O. Ellis, Anna Zachariou, and Mariëtte J.V. Hoffer
Subjects: Adult, Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Scoliosis, macrocephaly, Young Adult, CHD8, Intellectual disability, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Child, overgrowth, Genetics (clinical), Growth Disorders, business.industry, Macrocephaly, Infant, Syndrome, medicine.disease, Cadherins, Umbilical hernia, Neonatal hypotonia, Phenotype, intellectual disability, Overgrowth syndrome, Child, Preschool, Autism, Female, Differential diagnosis, medicine.symptom, business, Rare cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 9]
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext CHD8 has been reported as an autism susceptibility/intellectual disability gene but emerging evidence suggests that it additionally causes an overgrowth phenotype. This study reports 27 unrelated patients with pathogenic or likely pathogenic CHD8 variants (25 null variants, two missense variants) and a male:female ratio of 21:6 (3.5:1, p < .01). All patients presented with intellectual disability, with 85% in the mild or moderate range, and 85% had a height and/or head circumference >/=2 standard deviations above the mean, meeting our clinical criteria for overgrowth. Behavioral problems were reported in the majority of patients (78%), with over half (56%) either formally diagnosed with an autistic spectrum disorder or described as having autistic traits. Additional clinical features included neonatal hypotonia (33%), and less frequently seizures, pes planus, scoliosis, fifth finger clinodactyly, umbilical hernia, and glabellar hemangioma (
Published: 2019
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11. Recurrent heterozygous PAX6 missense variants cause severe bilateral microphthalmia via predictable effects on DNA-protein interaction

Author: Kathleen A. Williamson, Joseph A. Marsh, Gabriele Gillessen-Kaesbach, Simon Bodek, H Nikki Hall, Shane McKee, Patrick Edery, Liusaidh J Owen, Dragana Josifova, Françoise Meire, Jane A. Hurst, Joke B. G. M. Verheij, G G W Adams, Richard Fisher, Veronica van Heyningen, Benjamin J Livesey, David R. FitzPatrick, Charlotte Reiff, Bruce Castle, Edward S. Tobias, Birgit Lorenz, Alexander T Deng, Isabel M. Hanson, Michael P. Clarke, Marjolaine Willems, Anthony T. Moore, Jay E. Self, Michael W. Parker, Denise Williams, Elise Heon, and Patrick Calvas
Subjects: Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Heterozygote, Génétique clinique, Adolescent, PAX6 Transcription Factor, Mutation, Missense, 030105 genetics & heredity, Biology, Microphthalmia, Article, Cohort Studies, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, Microphthalmos, Missense mutation, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Eye Abnormalities, Child, protein destabilization, Genetics (clinical), Genetics, Coloboma, Binding Sites, Anophthalmia, Infant, missense variant, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Pedigree, PAX6, 3. Good health, DNA-Binding Proteins, paired domain, 030104 developmental biology, microphthalmia, Protein destabilization, Aniridia, Child, Preschool, Female, sense organs, Haploinsufficiency
Abstract: Purpose: Most classical aniridia is caused by PAX6 haploinsufficiency. PAX6 missense variants can be hypomorphic or mimic haploinsufficiency. We hypothesized that missense variants also cause previously undescribed disease by altering the affinity and/or specificity of PAX6 genomic interactions. Methods: We screened PAX6 in 372 individuals with bilateral microphthalmia, anophthalmia, or coloboma (MAC) from the Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit eye malformation cohort (HGUeye) and reviewed data from the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study. We performed cluster analysis on PAX6-associated ocular phenotypes by variant type and molecular modeling of the structural impact of 86 different PAX6 causative missense variants. Results: Eight different PAX6 missense variants were identified in 17 individuals (15 families) with MAC, accounting for 4% (15/372) of our cohort. Seven altered the paired domain (p.[Arg26Gln]x1, p.[Gly36Val]x1, p.[Arg38Trp]x2, p.[Arg38Gln]x1, p.[Gly51Arg]x2, p.[Ser54Arg]x2, p.[Asn124Lys]x5) and one the homeodomain (p.[Asn260Tyr]x1). p.Ser54Arg and p.Asn124Lys were exclusively associated with severe bilateral microphthalmia. MAC-associated variants were predicted to alter but not ablate DNA interaction, consistent with the electrophoretic mobility shifts observed using mutant paired domains with well-characterized PAX6-binding sites. We found no strong evidence for novel PAX6-associated extraocular disease. Conclusion: Altering the affinity and specificity of PAX6-binding genome-wide provides a plausible mechanism for the worse-than-null effects of MAC-associated missense variants., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2019
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12. Development, behaviour and sensory processing in Marshall-Smith syndrome and Malan syndrome: phenotype comparison in two related syndromes

Author: Inge B. Mathijssen, Claire G. Salter, J M van Hagen, Tara Montgomery, Manuela Priolo, T. E. Neumann, Charles Shaw-Smith, I. H. Acero, Raoul C.M. Hennekam, L. Pintomalli, Fernando Santos-Simarro, Christine Coubes, Maria Iascone, Leonie A. Menke, Nursel Elcioglu, M. Zollino, Ghayda M. Mirzaa, Shane McKee, Rajesh V. Thakker, S. Piening, I. Dapia, C. Mammì, Arveen Kamath, Jair Tenorio, Emilia K. Bijlsma, Pierre Sarda, W. W. Dunn, Denny Schanze, Paul A. Mulder, Pablo Lapunzina, Martin Zenker, A. van Haeringen, Laura Bernardini, Jan Liebelt, N. Di Donato, Dorothee Neubauer, Jill A. Fahrner, Alison Foster, Sally Ann Lynch, Sue Price, A. M. Landlust, Sally J. Davies, N. G. González, I. Huber, Rita Valdez, I. D. C. van Balkom, Maria Antonietta Pisanti, Saskia M. Maas, Sarah F. Smithson, Pedro Arias, Mohnish Suri, Mabel Segovia, Kreepa Kooblall, Katrina Tatton-Brown, Trevor Cole, A. S. Plomp, Ann Sophie Kaiser, Fowzan S. Alkuraya, Pediatric surgery, Human genetics, APH - Quality of Care, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), Mulder, P. A., van Balkom, I. D. C., Landlust, A. M., Priolo, M., Menke, L. A., Acero, I. H., Alkuraya, F. S., Arias, P., Bernardini, L., Bijlsma, E. K., Cole, T., Coubes, C., Dapia, I., Davies, S., Di Donato, N., Elcioglu, N. H., Fahrner, J. A., Foster, A., Gonzalez, N. G., Huber, I., Iascone, M., Kaiser, A. -S., Kamath, A., Kooblall, K., Lapunzina, P., Liebelt, J., Lynch, S. A., Maas, S. M., Mammi, C., Mathijssen, I. B., McKee, S., Mirzaa, G. M., Montgomery, T., Neubauer, D., Neumann, T. E., Pintomalli, L., Pisanti, M. A., Plomp, A. S., Price, S., Salter, C., Santos-Simarro, F., Sarda, P., Schanze, D., Segovia, M., Shaw-Smith, C., Smithson, S., Suri, M., Tatton-Brown, K., Tenorio, J., Thakker, R. V., Valdez, R. M., Van Haeringen, A., Van Hagen, J. M., Zenker, M., Zollino, M., Dunn, W. W., Piening, S., Hennekam, R. C., Graduate School, ANS - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, General Paediatrics, ARD - Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, and Human Genetics
Subjects: cognition, Male, 030506 rehabilitation, Marshall–Smith syndrome, medicine.medical_treatment, CHILDREN, Comorbidity, Settore MED/03 - GENETICA MEDICA, Craniofacial Abnormalities, Quality of life, Septo-Optic Dysplasia, Intellectual disability, Adaptation, Psychological, sensory processing, Child, Netherlands, biology, Mental Disorders, 05 social sciences, Rehabilitation, Cognition, SOTOS-LIKE, Syndrome, NFIX, Psychiatry and Mental health, Phenotype, Neurology, adaptive behaviour, Child, Preschool, NFIX variants, Female, 0305 other medical science, Psychology, 050104 developmental & child psychology, Clinical psychology, Adult, Sensory processing, Adolescent, Challenging behaviour, NFIXvariants, Context (language use), AUTISTIC DISORDER, Speech Disorders, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Intellectual Disability, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Abnormalities, Multiple, Malan syndrome, Bone Diseases, Developmental, ADULTS, medicine.disease, Marshall-Smith syndrome, Cross-Sectional Studies, biology.protein, PATTERNS, Neurology (clinical), Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Ultrarare Marshall-Smith and Malan syndromes, caused by changes of the gene nuclear factor I X (NFIX), are characterised by intellectual disability (ID) and behavioural problems, although questions remain. Here, development and behaviour are studied and compared in a cross-sectional study, and results are presented with genetic findings. METHODS: Behavioural phenotypes are compared of eight individuals with Marshall-Smith syndrome (three male individuals) and seven with Malan syndrome (four male individuals). Long-term follow-up assessment of cognition and adaptive behaviour was possible in three individuals with Marshall-Smith syndrome. RESULTS: Marshall-Smith syndrome individuals have more severe ID, less adaptive behaviour, more impaired speech and less reciprocal interaction compared with individuals with Malan syndrome. Sensory processing difficulties occur in both syndromes. Follow-up measurement of cognition and adaptive behaviour in Marshall-Smith syndrome shows different individual learning curves over time. CONCLUSIONS: Results show significant between and within syndrome variability. Different NFIX variants underlie distinct clinical phenotypes leading to separate entities. Cognitive, adaptive and sensory impairments are common in both syndromes and increase the risk of challenging behaviour. This study highlights the value of considering behaviour within developmental and environmental context. To improve quality of life, adaptations to environment and treatment are suggested to create a better person-environment fit.
Published: 2019
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13. Heterozygous Variants in KMT2E Cause a Spectrum of Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Epilepsy

Author: Anne H. O’Donnell-Luria, Lynn S. Pais, Víctor Faundes, Jordan C. Wood, Abigail Sveden, Victor Luria, Rami Abou Jamra, Andrea Accogli, Kimberly Amburgey, Britt Marie Anderlid, Silvia Azzarello-Burri, Alice A. Basinger, Claudia Bianchini, Lynne M. Bird, Rebecca Buchert, Wilfrid Carre, Sophia Ceulemans, Perrine Charles, Helen Cox, Lisa Culliton, Aurora Currò, Florence Demurger, James J. Dowling, Benedicte Duban-Bedu, Christèle Dubourg, Saga Elise Eiset, Luis F. Escobar, Alessandra Ferrarini, Tobias B. Haack, Mona Hashim, Solveig Heide, Katherine L. Helbig, Ingo Helbig, Raul Heredia, Delphine Héron, Bertrand Isidor, Amy R. Jonasson, Pascal Joset, Boris Keren, Fernando Kok, Hester Y. Kroes, Alinoë Lavillaureix, Xin Lu, Saskia M. Maas, Gustavo H.B. Maegawa, Carlo L.M. Marcelis, Paul R. Mark, Marcelo R. Masruha, Heather M. McLaughlin, Kirsty McWalter, Esther U. Melchinger, Saadet Mercimek-Andrews, Caroline Nava, Manuela Pendziwiat, Richard Person, Gian Paolo Ramelli, Luiza L.P. Ramos, Anita Rauch, Caitlin Reavey, Alessandra Renieri, Angelika Rieß, Amarilis Sanchez-Valle, Shifteh Sattar, Carol Saunders, Niklas Schwarz, Thomas Smol, Myriam Srour, Katharina Steindl, Steffen Syrbe, Jenny C. Taylor, Aida Telegrafi, Isabelle Thiffault, Doris A. Trauner, Helio van der Linden, Silvana van Koningsbruggen, Laurent Villard, Ida Vogel, Julie Vogt, Yvonne G. Weber, Ingrid M. Wentzensen, Elysa Widjaja, Jaroslav Zak, Samantha Baxter, Siddharth Banka, Lance H. Rodan, Jeremy F. McRae, Stephen Clayton, Tomas W. Fitzgerald, Joanna Kaplanis, Elena Prigmore, Diana Rajan, Alejandro Sifrim, Stuart Aitken, Nadia Akawi, Mohsan Alvi, Kirsty Ambridge, Daniel M. Barrett, Tanya Bayzetinova, Philip Jones, Wendy D. Jones, Daniel King, Netravathi Krishnappa, Laura E. Mason, Tarjinder Singh, Adrian R. Tivey, Munaza Ahmed, Uruj Anjum, Hayley Archer, Ruth Armstrong, Jana Awada, Meena Balasubramanian, Diana Baralle, Angela Barnicoat, Paul Batstone, David Baty, Chris Bennett, Jonathan Berg, Birgitta Bernhard, A. Paul Bevan, Maria Bitner-Glindzicz, Edward Blair, Moira Blyth, David Bohanna, Louise Bourdon, David Bourn, Lisa Bradley, Angela Brady, Simon Brent, Carole Brewer, Kate Brunstrom, David J. Bunyan, John Burn, Natalie Canham, Bruce Castle, Kate Chandler, Elena Chatzimichali, Deirdre Cilliers, Angus Clarke, Susan Clasper, Jill Clayton-Smith, Virginia Clowes, Andrea Coates, Trevor Cole, Irina Colgiu, Amanda Collins, Morag N. Collinson, Fiona Connell, Nicola Cooper, Lara Cresswell, Gareth Cross, Yanick Crow, Mariella D’Alessandro, Tabib Dabir, Rosemarie Davidson, Sally Davies, Dylan de Vries, John Dean, Charu Deshpande, Gemma Devlin, Abhijit Dixit, Angus Dobbie, Alan Donaldson, Dian Donnai, Deirdre Donnelly, Carina Donnelly, Angela Douglas, Sofia Douzgou, Alexis Duncan, Jacqueline Eason, Sian Ellard, Ian Ellis, Frances Elmslie, Karenza Evans, Sarah Everest, Tina Fendick, Richard Fisher, Frances Flinter, Nicola Foulds, Andrew Fry, Alan Fryer, Carol Gardiner, Lorraine Gaunt, Neeti Ghali, Richard Gibbons, Harinder Gill, Judith Goodship, David Goudie, Emma Gray, Andrew Green, Philip Greene, Lynn Greenhalgh, Susan Gribble, Rachel Harrison, Lucy Harrison, Victoria Harrison, Rose Hawkins, Liu He, Stephen Hellens, Alex Henderson, Sarah Hewitt, Lucy Hildyard, Emma Hobson, Simon Holden, Muriel Holder, Susan Holder, Georgina Hollingsworth, Tessa Homfray, Mervyn Humphreys, Jane Hurst, Ben Hutton, Stuart Ingram, Melita Irving, Lily Islam, Andrew Jackson, Joanna Jarvis, Lucy Jenkins, Diana Johnson, Elizabeth Jones, Dragana Josifova, Shelagh Joss, Beckie Kaemba, Sandra Kazembe, Rosemary Kelsell, Bronwyn Kerr, Helen Kingston, Usha Kini, Esther Kinning, Gail Kirby, Claire Kirk, Emma Kivuva, Alison Kraus, Dhavendra Kumar, V. K. Ajith Kumar, Katherine Lachlan, Wayne Lam, Anne Lampe, Caroline Langman, Melissa Lees, Derek Lim, Cheryl Longman, Gordon Lowther, Sally A. Lynch, Alex Magee, Eddy Maher, Alison Male, Sahar Mansour, Karen Marks, Katherine Martin, Una Maye, Emma McCann, Vivienne McConnell, Meriel McEntagart, Ruth McGowan, Kirsten McKay, Shane McKee, Dominic J. McMullan, Susan McNerlan, Catherine McWilliam, Sarju Mehta, Kay Metcalfe, Anna Middleton, Zosia Miedzybrodzka, Emma Miles, Shehla Mohammed, Tara Montgomery, David Moore, Sian Morgan, Jenny Morton, Hood Mugalaasi, Victoria Murday, Helen Murphy, Swati Naik, Andrea Nemeth, Louise Nevitt, Ruth Newbury-Ecob, Andrew Norman, Rosie O’Shea, Caroline Ogilvie, Kai-Ren Ong, Soo-Mi Park, Michael J. Parker, Chirag Patel, Joan Paterson, Stewart Payne, Daniel Perrett, Julie Phipps, Daniela T. Pilz, Martin Pollard, Caroline Pottinger, Joanna Poulton, Norman Pratt, Katrina Prescott, Sue Price, Abigail Pridham, Annie Procter, Hellen Purnell, Oliver Quarrell, Nicola Ragge, Raheleh Rahbari, Josh Randall, Julia Rankin, Lucy Raymond, Debbie Rice, Leema Robert, Eileen Roberts, Jonathan Roberts, Paul Roberts, Gillian Roberts, Alison Ross, Elisabeth Rosser, Anand Saggar, Shalaka Samant, Julian Sampson, Richard Sandford, Ajoy Sarkar, Susann Schweiger, Richard Scott, Ingrid Scurr, Ann Selby, Anneke Seller, Cheryl Sequeira, Nora Shannon, Saba Sharif, Charles Shaw-Smith, Emma Shearing, Debbie Shears, Eamonn Sheridan, Ingrid Simonic, Roldan Singzon, Zara Skitt, Audrey Smith, Kath Smith, Sarah Smithson, Linda Sneddon, Miranda Splitt, Miranda Squires, Fiona Stewart, Helen Stewart, Volker Straub, Mohnish Suri, Vivienne Sutton, Ganesh Jawahar Swaminathan, Elizabeth Sweeney, Kate Tatton-Brown, Cat Taylor, Rohan Taylor, Mark Tein, I. Karen Temple, Jenny Thomson, Marc Tischkowitz, Susan Tomkins, Audrey Torokwa, Becky Treacy, Claire Turner, Peter Turnpenny, Carolyn Tysoe, Anthony Vandersteen, Vinod Varghese, Pradeep Vasudevan, Parthiban Vijayarangakannan, Emma Wakeling, Sarah Wallwark, Jonathon Waters, Astrid Weber, Diana Wellesley, Margo Whiteford, Sara Widaa, Sarah Wilcox, Emily Wilkinson, Denise Williams, Nicola Williams, Louise Wilson, Geoff Woods, Christopher Wragg, Michael Wright, Laura Yates, Michael Yau, Chris Nellåker, Michael Parker, Helen V. Firth, Caroline F. Wright, David R. FitzPatrick, Jeffrey C. Barrett, Matthew E. Hurles, Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Center for Medical Genetics, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie della Cognizione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISTC, CNR), Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie della Cognizione, Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Génétique médicale [Centre Hospitalier de Vannes], Centre hospitalier Bretagne Atlantique (Morbihan) (CHBA), Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Centre de Génétique Chromosomique [Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul], Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul-Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Service de génétique médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] (CHUV), Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM)-Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health, Groupe de Recherche Clinique : Déficience Intellectuelle et Autisme (GRC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Baylor University-Baylor University, Institute of Medical Genetics, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Università degli Studi di Camerino = University of Camerino (UNICAM), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), University of Oxford, GeneDx [Gaithersburg, MD, USA], Department of Clinical Genetics (Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam), VU University Medical Center [Amsterdam], Marseille medical genetics - Centre de génétique médicale de Marseille (MMG), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Boston Children's Hospital, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute [Cambridge], Institute of Biomedical Engineering [Oxford] (IBME), Climatic Research Unit, University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Cytogenetics Laboratory, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Regional Genetic Service, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, Genetics, University of Southampton, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children [London] (GOSH), Yorkshire Regional Clinical Genetics Service, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Molecular and Clinical Medicine [Dundee, UK] (School of Medicine), University of Dundee [UK]-Ninewells Hospital & Medical School [Dundee, UK], Department of Clinical Genetics, Oxford Regional Genetics Service, The Churchill hospital, North West Thames Regional Genetics, Northwick Park Hospital, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Wessex clinical genetics service, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust (MFT), West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Our Lady's hospital for Sick Children, Our Lady's Hospital for Sick Children, Guy's Hospital [London], University Hospitals Leicester, University of Edinburgh, Belfast City Hospital, Ferguson-Smith Centre for Clinical Genetics, Yorkhill Hospitals, Institute of Medical Genetics, Heath Park, Cardiff, The London Clinic, Nottingham City Hospital, Clinical Genetics Department, St Michael's Hospital, Department of Genetic Medicine, Nottingham Clinical Genetics Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust (NUH), Royal Devon and Exeter Foundation Trust, Histopathology, St. George's Hospital, Teesside Genetics Unit, James Cook University (JCU), Kansas State University, Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Medical Genetics, HMNC Brain Health, North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals Leicester-University Hospitals Leicester, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School [Dundee], Academic Centre on Rare Diseases (ACoRD), University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Oxford Brookes University, Institute of medicinal plant development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Service d'explorations fonctionnelles respiratoires [Lille], Department of Computer Science - Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Department of Clinical Genetics (Sheffield Children’s NHS Foundation Trust), Division of Medical & Molecular Genetics, NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde [Glasgow] (NHSGGC), Department of Clinical Genetics [Churchill Hospital], Churchill Hospital Oxford Centre for Haematology, Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], Southampton General Hospital, Western General Hospital, Head of the Department of Medical Genetics, University of Birmingham [Birmingham], SW Thames Regional Genetics Service, St Georgeâ™s University of London, London, Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), All Wales Medical Genetics Services, Singleton Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of North Texas (UNT), Clinical Genetics, Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle University [Newcastle], United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], Institute of Medical Genetics (University Hospital of Wales), University Hospital of Wales (UHW), West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory and Clinical Genetics Unit, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, University Hospitals Bristol, Marketing (MKT), EESC-GEM Grenoble Ecole de Management, Addenbrookes Hospital, West of Scotland Genetics Service (Queen Elizabeth University Hospital), University Hospital Birmingham Queen Elizabeth, Department of Clnical Genetics, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Department of Clinical Genetics, Northampton General Hospital, Northampton, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital [Exeter, UK] (RDEH), Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital [London], School of Computer Science, Bangor University, University Hospital Southampton, Clinical Genetics Unit, St Georges, University of London, Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Research and Development, Futurelab, Nottingham Regional Genetics Service [Nottingham, UK], Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust (NUH)-City Hospital Campus [Nottingham, UK], University of St Andrews [Scotland], Clinical Genetics Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust - City Hospital Campus, West Midlands Regional Genetics Unit, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, St James's University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University NHS Trust, Institute of Human Genetics, Newcastle, Division of Biological Stress Response [Amsterdam, The Netherlands], The Netherlands Cancer Institute [Amsterdam, The Netherlands], Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [Baltimore], Birmingham Women’s Hospital, Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Molecular Genetics, IWK Health Centre, IWK health centre, North West london hospitals NHS Trust, Department of Clinical Genetics (Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital (Glasgow), Birmingham women's hospital, Birmingham, Ethox Centre, Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Oxford, Badenoch Building, Old Road Campus, Headington, R01 HD091846, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health’s National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Boston Children’s Hospital Faculty Development Fellowship, UM1HG008900, Broad Center for Mendelian Genomics, Chile’s National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research, DFG WE4896/3-1, German Research Society, WT 100127, Health Innovation Challenge Fund, Comprehensive Clinical Research Network, Skaggs-Oxford Scholarship, 10/H0305/83, Cambridge South REC, REC GEN/284/12, Republic of Ireland, WT098051, Wellcome Sanger Institute, 72160007, Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 1DH1813319, Dietmar Hopp Stiftung, National Institute for Health Research, Department of Health & Social Care, Service de neurologie 1 [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul-GHICL, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM)-Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM)-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Service de Génétique Cytogénétique et Embryologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Università degli Studi di Camerino (UNICAM), University of Oxford [Oxford], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham University Hospitals, SW Thames Regional Genetics Service, St Georgeâ™s University of London, London, University Hospital of Wales, Grenoble Ecole de Management, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, City Hospital Campus [Nottingham, UK]-Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust [UK], ANS - Complex Trait Genetics, Human Genetics, ARD - Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, ACS - Pulmonary hypertension & thrombosis, Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], GHICL-Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Friedrich-Alexander d'Erlangen-Nuremberg, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Centre Hospitalier Bretagne Atlantique [Vannes], Technische Universität München [München] (TUM)-Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM)-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Service de Génétique et Cytogénétique [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], University of Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), Università di Camerino (UNICAM), Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, University Hospitals of Leicester, Sheffield Children’s Hospital, Weizmann Institute of Science, and Grenoble Ecole de Management (GEM)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Microcephaly, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Haploinsufficiency, autism, epilepsy, epileptic encephalopathy, global developmental delay, H3K4 methylation, intellectual disability, KMT2E, neurodevelopmental disorder, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, DNA-Binding Proteins, Epilepsy, Female, Humans, Infant, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Pedigree, Phenotype, Young Adult, Genetic Variation, Heterozygote, 0302 clinical medicine, Neurodevelopmental disorder, Intellectual disability, Global developmental delay, Genetics (clinical), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Hypotonia, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, medicine.symptom, Rare cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 9], 03 medical and health sciences, Report, medicine, Journal Article, Expressivity (genetics), Preschool, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, business.industry, Macrocephaly, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Autism, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 206572.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) We delineate a KMT2E-related neurodevelopmental disorder on the basis of 38 individuals in 36 families. This study includes 31 distinct heterozygous variants in KMT2E (28 ascertained from Matchmaker Exchange and three previously reported), and four individuals with chromosome 7q22.2-22.23 microdeletions encompassing KMT2E (one previously reported). Almost all variants occurred de novo, and most were truncating. Most affected individuals with protein-truncating variants presented with mild intellectual disability. One-quarter of individuals met criteria for autism. Additional common features include macrocephaly, hypotonia, functional gastrointestinal abnormalities, and a subtle facial gestalt. Epilepsy was present in about one-fifth of individuals with truncating variants and was responsive to treatment with anti-epileptic medications in almost all. More than 70% of the individuals were male, and expressivity was variable by sex; epilepsy was more common in females and autism more common in males. The four individuals with microdeletions encompassing KMT2E generally presented similarly to those with truncating variants, but the degree of developmental delay was greater. The group of four individuals with missense variants in KMT2E presented with the most severe developmental delays. Epilepsy was present in all individuals with missense variants, often manifesting as treatment-resistant infantile epileptic encephalopathy. Microcephaly was also common in this group. Haploinsufficiency versus gain-of-function or dominant-negative effects specific to these missense variants in KMT2E might explain this divergence in phenotype, but requires independent validation. Disruptive variants in KMT2E are an under-recognized cause of neurodevelopmental abnormalities.
Published: 2019
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14. De novo and inherited TCF20 pathogenic variants are associated with intellectual disability, dysmorphic features, hypotonia, and neurological impairments with similarities to Smith–Magenis syndrome

Author: Yaping Yang, Sarah H. Elsea, Orly Elpeleg, Donna M. Muzny, Vinod Varghese, Hanoch Cassuto, Mohnish Suri, Sue Holder, AK Lampe, Weimin Bi, Wenmiao Zhu, Muriel Holder-Espinasse, Shane McKee, Christine M. Eng, Lihadh Al-Gazali, Vardiella Meiner, Aisha Al Shamsi, Kim L. McBride, Melissa Lees, June Anne Gold, Janet S. Soul, Soo Mi Park, Birgitta Bernhard, Sonal Mahida, Klaas J. Wierenga, Daryl A. Scott, Elizabeth Roeder, Kimberly Nugent, Vivienne McConnell, Jill M. Harris, Ed Blair, J. Lloyd Holder, Makanko Komara, Seema R. Lalani, Brett H. Graham, Andrea M. Lewis, Jill A. Rosenfeld, Ziva Ben-Neriah, Elizabeth A. Fanning, Richard A. Gibbs, Pengfei Liu, Lionel Van Maldergem, Fan Xia, Ludmila Matyakhina, James B. Gibson, Victoria Harrison, Julie Vogt, Francesco Vetrini, Rebecca O. Littlejohn, James R. Lupski, Ajith Kumar, Jennifer E. Posey, Margaret Marlatt, Joseph T. Alaimo, Matthew Pastore, Laurie H. Seaver, and Lindsay C. Burrage
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, lcsh:QH426-470, Adolescent, Developmental Disabilities, lcsh:Medicine, Haploinsufficiency, Craniofacial Abnormalities, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, INDEL Mutation, Intellectual Disability, Intellectual disability, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Deletions, Child, Molecular Biology, Typographical error, Genetics (clinical), TCF20, Loss-of-function variants, Research, lcsh:R, Neurodevelopmental disorders, Infant, Smith–Magenis syndrome, medicine.disease, Research Highlight, 22q13, Hypotonia, 3. Good health, lcsh:Genetics, 030104 developmental biology, Child, Preschool, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Muscle Hypotonia, Molecular Medicine, Female, Smith-Magenis Syndrome, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Transcription Factors, Clinical psychology
Abstract: Background Neurodevelopmental disorders are genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous encompassing developmental delay (DD), intellectual disability (ID), autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), structural brain abnormalities, and neurological manifestations with variants in a large number of genes (hundreds) associated. To date, a few de novo mutations potentially disrupting TCF20 function in patients with ID, ASD, and hypotonia have been reported. TCF20 encodes a transcriptional co-regulator structurally related to RAI1, the dosage-sensitive gene responsible for Smith–Magenis syndrome (deletion/haploinsufficiency) and Potocki–Lupski syndrome (duplication/triplosensitivity). Methods Genome-wide analyses by exome sequencing (ES) and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) identified individuals with heterozygous, likely damaging, loss-of-function alleles in TCF20. We implemented further molecular and clinical analyses to determine the inheritance of the pathogenic variant alleles and studied the spectrum of phenotypes. Results We report 25 unique inactivating single nucleotide variants/indels (1 missense, 1 canonical splice-site variant, 18 frameshift, and 5 nonsense) and 4 deletions of TCF20. The pathogenic variants were detected in 32 patients and 4 affected parents from 31 unrelated families. Among cases with available parental samples, the variants were de novo in 20 instances and inherited from 4 symptomatic parents in 5, including in one set of monozygotic twins. Two pathogenic loss-of-function variants were recurrent in unrelated families. Patients presented with a phenotype characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, hypotonia, variable dysmorphic features, movement disorders, and sleep disturbances. Conclusions TCF20 pathogenic variants are associated with a novel syndrome manifesting clinical characteristics similar to those observed in Smith–Magenis syndrome. Together with previously described cases, the clinical entity of TCF20-associated neurodevelopmental disorders (TAND) emerges from a genotype-driven perspective. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13073-019-0623-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2019
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15. A clinical study of Aicardi syndrome in Northern Ireland: the spectrum of ophthalmic findings

Author: Shane McKee, M O'Keefe, Eibhlin McLoone, and K Shirley
Subjects: Adult, Iris, Glaucoma, Northern Ireland, Northern ireland, Aicardi syndrome, Ophthalmic pathology, Clinical study, Neuro-ophthalmology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Retinal Diseases, Electroretinography, medicine, Humans, Microphthalmos, Aniridia, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Infant, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Aicardi Syndrome, Ocular oncology, Coloboma, Ophthalmology, Child, Preschool, Clinical Study, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Optometry, Female, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: PurposeAicardi syndrome is a rare disorder, affecting ~1 in 100 000 live births. Chorioretinal lacunae feature alongside agenesis of the corpus callosum and spasms in flexion to make up a diagnostic triad. Recently ophthalmic findings such as microphthalmia and optic disc anomalies have been recognised in association with Aicardi syndrome. This population study aims to determine the presence of ocular findings and identifies some novel associations in these patients.MethodsA retrospective review of charts for seven patients with Aicardi syndrome was carried out.ResultsThe incidence of Aicardi syndrome in Northern Ireland was found to be 1 in 110 000 live births. Four patients who had microphthalmus also had iris abnormalities; two patients with bilateral microphthalmus had partial aniridia and two patients with unilateral microphthalmus had iris coloboma in the same eye. Optic disc abnormalities were found in 11 eyes of six patients. Two patients were found to have areas of fibrovascular proliferation with a thickened white ridge and avascular zone beyond. Both of these patients developed retinal detachments.ConclusionsOur review of patients with Aicardi syndrome in Northern Ireland has revealed some novel clinical findings, including aniridia in two cases. We also found a higher than previously reported rate of excavated disc anomalies of 50% in our cohort. We found two cases of peripheral retinal dysplasia, which has not been previously reported. This finding was associated with microphthalmus and severe optic disc abnormalities, and we feel this warrants early EUA to enable early treatment and hopefully result in better visual prognosis.
Published: 2016
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16. Bi-allelic Loss-of-Function CACNA1B Mutations in Progressive Epilepsy-Dyskinesia

Author: Kathleen M. Gorman, Esther Meyer, Detelina Grozeva, Egidio Spinelli, Amy McTague, Alba Sanchis-Juan, Keren J. Carss, Emily Bryant, Adi Reich, Amy L. Schneider, Ronit M. Pressler, Michael A. Simpson, Geoff D. Debelle, Evangeline Wassmer, Jenny Morton, Diana Sieciechowicz, Eric Jan-Kamsteeg, Alex R. Paciorkowski, Mary D. King, J. Helen Cross, Annapurna Poduri, Heather C. Mefford, Ingrid E. Scheffer, Tobias B. Haack, Gary McCullagh, John J. Millichap, Gemma L. Carvill, Jill Clayton-Smith, Eamonn R. Maher, F. Lucy Raymond, Manju A. Kurian, Jeremy F. McRae, Stephen Clayton, Tomas W. Fitzgerald, Joanna Kaplanis, Elena Prigmore, Diana Rajan, Alejandro Sifrim, Stuart Aitken, Nadia Akawi, Mohsan Alvi, Kirsty Ambridge, Daniel M. Barrett, Tanya Bayzetinova, Philip Jones, Wendy D. Jones, Daniel King, Netravathi Krishnappa, Laura E. Mason, Tarjinder Singh, Adrian R. Tivey, Munaza Ahmed, Uruj Anjum, Hayley Archer, Ruth Armstrong, Jana Awada, Meena Balasubramanian, Siddharth Banka, Diana Baralle, Angela Barnicoat, Paul Batstone, David Baty, Chris Bennett, Jonathan Berg, Birgitta Bernhard, A. Paul Bevan, Maria Bitner-Glindzicz, Edward Blair, Moira Blyth, David Bohanna, Louise Bourdon, David Bourn, Lisa Bradley, Angela Brady, Simon Brent, Carole Brewer, Kate Brunstrom, David J. Bunyan, John Burn, Natalie Canham, Bruce Castle, Kate Chandler, Elena Chatzimichali, Deirdre Cilliers, Angus Clarke, Susan Clasper, Virginia Clowes, Andrea Coates, Trevor Cole, Irina Colgiu, Amanda Collins, Morag N. Collinson, Fiona Connell, Nicola Cooper, Helen Cox, Lara Cresswell, Gareth Cross, Yanick Crow, Mariella D’Alessandro, Tabib Dabir, Rosemarie Davidson, Sally Davies, Dylan de Vries, John Dean, Charu Deshpande, Gemma Devlin, Abhijit Dixit, Angus Dobbie, Alan Donaldson, Dian Donnai, Deirdre Donnelly, Carina Donnelly, Angela Douglas, Sofia Douzgou, Alexis Duncan, Jacqueline Eason, Sian Ellard, Ian Ellis, Frances Elmslie, Karenza Evans, Sarah Everest, Tina Fendick, Richard Fisher, Frances Flinter, Nicola Foulds, Andrew Fry, Alan Fryer, Carol Gardiner, Lorraine Gaunt, Neeti Ghali, Richard Gibbons, Harinder Gill, Judith Goodship, David Goudie, Emma Gray, Andrew Green, Philip Greene, Lynn Greenhalgh, Susan Gribble, Rachel Harrison, Lucy Harrison, Victoria Harrison, Rose Hawkins, Liu He, Stephen Hellens, Alex Henderson, Sarah Hewitt, Lucy Hildyard, Emma Hobson, Simon Holden, Muriel Holder, Susan Holder, Georgina Hollingsworth, Tessa Homfray, Mervyn Humphreys, Jane Hurst, Ben Hutton, Stuart Ingram, Melita Irving, Lily Islam, Andrew Jackson, Joanna Jarvis, Lucy Jenkins, Diana Johnson, Elizabeth Jones, Dragana Josifova, Shelagh Joss, Beckie Kaemba, Sandra Kazembe, Rosemary Kelsell, Bronwyn Kerr, Helen Kingston, Usha Kini, Esther Kinning, Gail Kirby, Claire Kirk, Emma Kivuva, Alison Kraus, Dhavendra Kumar, V. K. Ajith Kumar, Katherine Lachlan, Wayne Lam, Anne Lampe, Caroline Langman, Melissa Lees, Derek Lim, Cheryl Longman, Gordon Lowther, Sally A. Lynch, Alex Magee, Eddy Maher, Alison Male, Sahar Mansour, Karen Marks, Katherine Martin, Una Maye, Emma McCann, Vivienne McConnell, Meriel McEntagart, Ruth McGowan, Kirsten McKay, Shane McKee, Dominic J. McMullan, Susan McNerlan, Catherine McWilliam, Sarju Mehta, Kay Metcalfe, Anna Middleton, Zosia Miedzybrodzka, Emma Miles, Shehla Mohammed, Tara Montgomery, David Moore, Sian Morgan, Hood Mugalaasi, Victoria Murday, Helen Murphy, Swati Naik, Andrea Nemeth, Louise Nevitt, Ruth Newbury-Ecob, Andrew Norman, Rosie O’Shea, Caroline Ogilvie, Kai-Ren Ong, Soo-Mi Park, Michael J. Parker, Chirag Patel, Joan Paterson, Stewart Payne, Daniel Perrett, Julie Phipps, Daniela T. Pilz, Martin Pollard, Caroline Pottinger, Joanna Poulton, Norman Pratt, Katrina Prescott, Sue Price, Abigail Pridham, Annie Procter, Hellen Purnell, Oliver Quarrell, Nicola Ragge, Raheleh Rahbari, Josh Randall, Julia Rankin, Lucy Raymond, Debbie Rice, Leema Robert, Eileen Roberts, Jonathan Roberts, Paul Roberts, Gillian Roberts, Alison Ross, Elisabeth Rosser, Anand Saggar, Shalaka Samant, Julian Sampson, Richard Sandford, Ajoy Sarkar, Susann Schweiger, Richard Scott, Ingrid Scurr, Ann Selby, Anneke Seller, Cheryl Sequeira, Nora Shannon, Saba Sharif, Charles Shaw-Smith, Emma Shearing, Debbie Shears, Eamonn Sheridan, Ingrid Simonic, Roldan Singzon, Zara Skitt, Audrey Smith, Kath Smith, Sarah Smithson, Linda Sneddon, Miranda Splitt, Miranda Squires, Fiona Stewart, Helen Stewart, Volker Straub, Mohnish Suri, Vivienne Sutton, Ganesh Jawahar Swaminathan, Elizabeth Sweeney, Kate Tatton-Brown, Cat Taylor, Rohan Taylor, Mark Tein, I. Karen Temple, Jenny Thomson, Marc Tischkowitz, Susan Tomkins, Audrey Torokwa, Becky Treacy, Claire Turner, Peter Turnpenny, Carolyn Tysoe, Anthony Vandersteen, Vinod Varghese, Pradeep Vasudevan, Parthiban Vijayarangakannan, Julie Vogt, Emma Wakeling, Sarah Wallwark, Jonathon Waters, Astrid Weber, Diana Wellesley, Margo Whiteford, Sara Widaa, Sarah Wilcox, Emily Wilkinson, Denise Williams, Nicola Williams, Louise Wilson, Geoff Woods, Christopher Wragg, Michael Wright, Laura Yates, Michael Yau, Chris Nellåker, Michael Parker, Helen V. Firth, Caroline F. Wright, David R. FitzPatrick, Jeffrey C. Barrett, Matthew E. Hurles, Saeed Al Turki, Carl Anderson, Richard Anney, Dinu Antony, Maria Soler Artigas, Muhammad Ayub, Senduran Balasubramaniam, Inês Barroso, Phil Beales, Jamie Bentham, Shoumo Bhattacharya, Ewan Birney, Douglas Blackwood, Martin Bobrow, Elena Bochukova, Patrick Bolton, Rebecca Bounds, Chris Boustred, Gerome Breen, Mattia Calissano, Keren Carss, Krishna Chatterjee, Lu Chen, Antonio Ciampi, Sebhattin Cirak, Peter Clapham, Gail Clement, Guy Coates, David Collier, Catherine Cosgrove, Tony Cox, Nick Craddock, Lucy Crooks, Sarah Curran, David Curtis, Allan Daly, Aaron Day-Williams, Ian N.M. Day, Thomas Down, Yuanping Du, Ian Dunham, Sarah Edkins, Peter Ellis, David Evans, Sadaf Faroogi, Ghazaleh Fatemifar, David R. Fitzpatrick, Paul Flicek, James Flyod, A. Reghan Foley, Christopher S. Franklin, Marta Futema, Louise Gallagher, Matthias Geihs, Daniel Geschwind, Heather Griffin, Xueqin Guo, Xiaosen Guo, Hugh Gurling, Deborah Hart, Audrey Hendricks, Peter Holmans, Bryan Howie, Liren Huang, Tim Hubbard, Steve E. Humphries, Pirro Hysi, David K. Jackson, Yalda Jamshidi, Tian Jing, Chris Joyce, Jane Kaye, Thomas Keane, Julia Keogh, John Kemp, Karen Kennedy, Anja Kolb-Kokocinski, Genevieve Lachance, Cordelia Langford, Daniel Lawson, Irene Lee, Monkol Lek, Jieqin Liang, Hong Lin, Rui Li, Yingrui Li, Ryan Liu, Jouko Lönnqvist, Margarida Lopes, Valentina Iotchkova, Daniel MacArthur, Jonathan Marchini, John Maslen, Mangino Massimo, Iain Mathieson, Gaëlle Marenne, Peter McGuffin, Andrew McIntosh, Andrew G. McKechanie, Andrew McQuillin, Sarah Metrustry, Hannah Mitchison, Alireza Moayyeri, James Morris, Francesco Muntoni, Kate Northstone, Michael O'Donnovan, Alexandros Onoufriadis, Stephen O'Rahilly, Karim Oualkacha, Michael J. Owen, Aarno Palotie, Kalliope Panoutsopoulou, Victoria Parker, Jeremy R. Parr, Lavinia Paternoster, Tiina Paunio, Felicity Payne, Olli Pietilainen, Vincent Plagnol, Lydia Quaye, Michael A. Quail, Karola Rehnström, Susan Ring, Graham R.S. Ritchie, Nicola Roberts, David B. Savage, Peter Scambler, Stephen Schiffels, Miriam Schmidts, Nadia Schoenmakers, Robert K. Semple, Eva Serra, Sally I. Sharp, So-Youn Shin, David Skuse, Kerrin Small, Lorraine Southam, Olivera Spasic-Boskovic, David St Clair, Jim Stalker, Elizabeth Stevens, Beate St Pourcian, Jianping Sun, Jaana Suvisaari, Ionna Tachmazidou, Martin D. Tobin, Ana Valdes, Margriet Van Kogelenberg, Peter M. Visscher, Louise V. Wain, James T.R. Walters, Guangbiao Wang, Jun Wang, Yu Wang, Kirsten Ward, Elanor Wheeler, Tamieka Whyte, Hywel Williams, Kathleen A. Williamson, Crispian Wilson, Kim Wong, ChangJiang Xu, Jian Yang, Fend Zhang, Pingbo Zhang, Timothy Aitman, Hana Alachkar, Sonia Ali, Louise Allen, David Allsup, Gautum Ambegaonkar, Julie Anderson, Richard Antrobus, Gavin Arno, Gururaj Arumugakani, Sofie Ashford, William Astle, Antony Attwood, Steve Austin, Chiara Bacchelli, Tamam Bakchoul, Tadbir K. Bariana, Helen Baxendale, David Bennett, Claire Bethune, Shahnaz Bibi, Marta Bleda, Harm Boggard, Paula Bolton-Maggs, Claire Booth, John R. Bradley, Angie Brady, Matthew Brown, Michael Browning, Christine Bryson, Siobhan Burns, Paul Calleja, Jenny Carmichael, Mark Caulfield, Elizabeth Chalmers, Anita Chandra, Patrick Chinnery, Manali Chitre, Colin Church, Emma Clement, Naomi Clements-Brod, Gerry Coghlan, Peter Collins, Nichola Cooper, Amanda Creaser-Myers, Rosa DaCosta, Louise Daugherty, Sophie Davies, John Davis, Minka De Vries, Patrick Deegan, Sri V.V. Deevi, Lisa Devlin, Eleanor Dewhurst, Rainer Doffinger, Natalie Dormand, Elizabeth Drewe, David Edgar, William Egner, Wendy N. Erber, Marie Erwood, Tamara Everington, Remi Favier, Helen Firth, Debra Fletcher, James C. Fox, Amy Frary, Kathleen Freson, Bruce Furie, Abigail Furnell, Daniel Gale, Alice Gardham, Michael Gattens, Pavandeep K. Ghataorhe, Rohit Ghurye, Simon Gibbs, Kimberley Gilmour, Paul Gissen, Sarah Goddard, Keith Gomez, Pavel Gordins, Stefan Gräf, Daniel Greene, Alan Greenhalgh, Andreas Greinacher, Sofia Grigoriadou, Scott Hackett, Charaka Hadinnapola, Rosie Hague, Matthias Haimel, Csaba Halmagyi, Tracey Hammerton, Daniel Hart, Grant Hayman, Johan W.M. Heemskerk, Robert Henderson, Anke Hensiek, Yvonne Henskens, Archana Herwadkar, Fengyuan Hu, Aarnoud Huissoon, Marc Humbert, Roger James, Stephen Jolles, Rashid Kazmi, David Keeling, Peter Kelleher, Anne M. Kelly, Fiona Kennedy, David Kiely, Nathalie Kingston, Ania Koziell, Deepa Krishnakumar, Taco W. Kuijpers, Dinakantha Kumararatne, Manju Kurian, Michael A. Laffan, Michele P. Lambert, Hana Lango Allen, Allan Lawrie, Sara Lear, Claire Lentaigne, Ri Liesner, Rachel Linger, Hilary Longhurst, Lorena Lorenzo, Rajiv Machado, Rob Mackenzie, Robert MacLaren, Eamonn Maher, Jesmeen Maimaris, Sarah Mangles, Ania Manson, Rutendo Mapeta, Hugh S. Markus, Jennifer Martin, Larahmie Masati, Mary Mathias, Vera Matser, Anna Maw, Elizabeth McDermott, Coleen McJannet, Stuart Meacham, Sharon Meehan, Karyn Megy, Michel Michaelides, Carolyn M. Millar, Shahin Moledina, Anthony Moore, Nicholas Morrell, Andrew Mumford, Sai Murng, Elaine Murphy, Sergey Nejentsev, Sadia Noorani, Paquita Nurden, Eric Oksenhendler, Willem H. Ouwehand, Sofia Papadia, Alasdair Parker, John Pasi, Chris Patch, Jeanette Payne, Andrew Peacock, Kathelijne Peerlinck, Christopher J. Penkett, Joanna Pepke-Zaba, David J. Perry, Val Pollock, Gary Polwarth, Mark Ponsford, Waseem Qasim, Isabella Quinti, Stuart Rankin, Karola Rehnstrom, Evan Reid, Christopher J. Rhodes, Michael Richards, Sylvia Richardson, Alex Richter, Irene Roberts, Matthew Rondina, Catherine Roughley, Kevin Rue-Albrecht, Crina Samarghitean, Saikat Santra, Ravishankar Sargur, Sinisa Savic, Sol Schulman, Harald Schulze, Marie Scully, Suranjith Seneviratne, Carrock Sewell, Olga Shamardina, Debbie Shipley, Ilenia Simeoni, Suthesh Sivapalaratnam, Kenneth Smith, Aman Sohal, Laura Southgate, Simon Staines, Emily Staples, Hans Stauss, Penelope Stein, Jonathan Stephens, Kathleen Stirrups, Sophie Stock, Jay Suntharalingam, R. Campbell Tait, Kate Talks, Yvonne Tan, Jecko Thachil, James Thaventhiran, Ellen Thomas, Moira Thomas, Dorothy Thompson, Adrian Thrasher, Catherine Titterton, Cheng-Hock Toh, Mark Toshner, Carmen Treacy, Richard Trembath, Salih Tuna, Wojciech Turek, Ernest Turro, Chris Van Geet, Marijke Veltman, Julie von Ziegenweldt, Anton Vonk Noordegraaf, Ivy Wanjiku, Timothy Q. Warner, Hugh Watkins, Andrew Webster, Steve Welch, Sarah Westbury, John Wharton, Deborah Whitehorn, Martin Wilkins, Lisa Willcocks, Catherine Williamson, Geoffrey Woods, John Wort, Nigel Yeatman, Patrick Yong, Tim Young, Ping Yu, Paediatric Infectious Diseases / Rheumatology / Immunology, ARD - Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Pediatric surgery, APH - Aging & Later Life, Molecular cell biology and Immunology, Pulmonary medicine, ACS - Pulmonary hypertension & thrombosis, and APH - Quality of Care
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Adolescent, Loss of Heterozygosity, Context (language use), Postnatal microcephaly, Neurotransmission, medicine.disease_cause, Bioinformatics, Synaptic Transmission, Loss of heterozygosity, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, Calcium Channels, N-Type, Report, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Child, Genetics (clinical), Mutation, Dyskinesias, business.industry, Infant, medicine.disease, Hypotonia, Pedigree, 030104 developmental biology, Dyskinesia, Child, Preschool, Calcium, Female, medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: © 2019 American Society of Human Genetics The occurrence of non-epileptic hyperkinetic movements in the context of developmental epileptic encephalopathies is an increasingly recognized phenomenon. Identification of causative mutations provides an important insight into common pathogenic mechanisms that cause both seizures and abnormal motor control. We report bi-allelic loss-of-function CACNA1B variants in six children from three unrelated families whose affected members present with a complex and progressive neurological syndrome. All affected individuals presented with epileptic encephalopathy, severe neurodevelopmental delay (often with regression), and a hyperkinetic movement disorder. Additional neurological features included postnatal microcephaly and hypotonia. Five children died in childhood or adolescence (mean age of death: 9 years), mainly as a result of secondary respiratory complications. CACNA1B encodes the pore-forming subunit of the pre-synaptic neuronal voltage-gated calcium channel Cav2.2/N-type, crucial for SNARE-mediated neurotransmission, particularly in the early postnatal period. Bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in CACNA1B are predicted to cause disruption of Ca2+ influx, leading to impaired synaptic neurotransmission. The resultant effect on neuronal function is likely to be important in the development of involuntary movements and epilepsy. Overall, our findings provide further evidence for the key role of Cav2.2 in normal human neurodevelopment.
Published: 2018
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17. Correction: The ARID1B spectrum in 143 patients

Author: Mitsuhiro Kato, Grazia M.S. Mancini, Krystyna H. Chrzanowska, Alexander P.A. Stegmann, Stephen P. Robertson, Suzanne C E H Sallevelt, Yasemin Alanay, Melissa Lees, Sarju G. Mehta, Anne Destree, Emilia K. Bijlsma, Seiji Mizuno, David Hunt, Laurent Pasquier, H. lya Kayserili, Karin R. Heitink, Ineke van der Burgt, Christian Netzer, Duco Steenbeek, Mónica Roselló, Rachel K. Earl, Sharon N. M. Olminkhof, Arie van Haeringen, Katherine Berry, Ute Grasshoff, Francisco Martínez, Alwin F. J. Brouwer, Nursel Elcioglu, Patricia G. Wheeler, Rolph Pfundt, Shane McKee, Maian Roifman, Yoyo W. Y. Chu, Brain H. Y. Chung, John B. Moeschler, Barbara Oehl-Jaschkowitz, Denise Horn, Karin Dahan, Ellen R. Elias, Natalie Canham, Pelin Ozlem Simsek-Kiper, Vanesa López-González, Samantha A. Vergano, Tracy Dudding-Byth, Esra Kılıç, Charlotte W. Ockeloen, Carlo Marcelis, Levinus A. Bok, Gijs W. E. Santen, Philippe M. Campeau, Kylin Lammers, Anneke T. Vulto-van Silfhout, Stefanie Beck-Wödl, Allan Bayat, Eyyup Uctepe, Louise C. Wilson, Sarina G. Kant, Pleuntje J. van der Sluijs, Fatma Mujgan Sonmez, Tomoki Kosho, Marianne McGuire, Evan E. Eichler, Mahmut Şamil Sağıroğlu, Vera Riehmer, Caroline Rooryck, Miho Adachi-Fukuda, Rogier Kersseboom, Saskia M. Maas, Jeff M. Milunsky, Johanna C. Herkert, Anwar Baban, Nicolette S. den Hollander, Amparo Sanchis Calvo, Lone W. Laulund, Sandra Jansen, Golder N. Wilson, Kay Metcalfe, Fabienne G. Ropers, Caroline Pottinger, Gabriela Soares, Isabelle Maystadt, Miranda Splitt, Constance T. R. M. Stumpel, Catherine Vincent-Delorme, Bert B.A. de Vries, Jill Clayton-Smith, Claudia A. L. Ruivenkamp, Marjan De Rademaeker, Bernd Wollnik, Nobuhiko Okamoto, Christina Fagerberg, Erica H. Gerkes, Damien Lederer, Carmen Orellana, Alice Gardham, Saori Tanabe, Małgorzata Krajewska-Walasek, Adila Al-Kindy, Catheline Vilain, Dagmar Wieczorek, G. Eda Utine, Sunita Venkateswaran, Blanca Gener, Lucia Solaeche, and Hermine E. Veenstra-Knol
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, Coffin–Siris syndrome, Correction, medicine.disease, Genealogy, Spelling, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Intellectual disability, medicine, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Genetics (clinical), 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Pleuntje J. van der Sluijs, which was incorrectly given as Eline (P. J.) van der Sluijs. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Published: 2019
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18. Correction to: De novo and inherited TCF20 pathogenic variants are associated with intellectual disability, dysmorphic features, hypotonia, and neurological impairments with similarities to Smith–Magenis syndrome

Author: Kim L. McBride, Soo Mi Park, Richard A. Gibbs, Shane McKee, Melissa Lees, Wenmiao Zhu, Yaping Yang, Jill A. Rosenfeld, Vardiella Meiner, Elizabeth A. Fanning, Victoria Harrison, Lihadh Al-Gazali, Anne K. Lampe, Ed Blair, Sue Holder, Klaas J. Wierenga, Ajith Kuttannair Kumar, Fan Xia, Sarah H. Elsea, Andrea M. Lewis, Vivienne McConnell, Birgitta Bernhard, Orly Elpeleg, Mohnish Suri, Elizabeth Roeder, Lionel Van Maldergem, J. Lloyd Holder, Muriel Holder-Espinasse, Rebecca O. Littlejohn, Sonal Mahida, Aisha Al Shamsi, June Anne Gold, Joseph T. Alaimo, Ziva Ben-Neriah, Jennifer E. Posey, Vinod Varghese, Julie Vogt, Donna M. Muzny, Makanko Komara, Christine M. Eng, Daryl A. Scott, Francesco Vetrini, Brett H. Graham, Seema R. Lalani, Kimberly Nugent, Hanoch Cassuto, Weimin Bi, Jill M. Harris, Pengfei Liu, Matthew Pastore, Ludmila Matyakhina, James B. Gibson, James R. Lupski, Margaret Marlatt, Laurie H. Seaver, Lindsay C. Burrage, and Janet S. Soul
Subjects: Genetics, 0303 health sciences, lcsh:QH426-470, business.industry, lcsh:R, Correction, lcsh:Medicine, Smith–Magenis syndrome, medicine.disease, Genome, Hypotonia, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, lcsh:Genetics, 0302 clinical medicine, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Intellectual disability, medicine, Molecular Medicine, medicine.symptom, business, Molecular Biology, Genetics (clinical), 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: It was highlighted that the original article [1] contained a typographical error in the Results section. Subject 17 was incorrectly cited as Subject 1. This Correction article shows the revised statement. The original article has been updated.
Published: 2019
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19. De novo, heterozygous, loss-of-function mutations in SYNGAP1 cause a syndromic form of intellectual disability

Author: Shehla Mohammed, Soo-Mi Park, David R. FitzPatrick, Alex Magee, Damien Lederer, Michael Parker, Alan Fryer, Katherine Lachlan, Deborah J. Shears, Deciphering Developmental Disorders Study, Valérie Benoit, Shane McKee, Isabelle Maystadt, and Pradeep C. Vasudevan
Subjects: Genetics, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, SYNGAP1, medicine.disease, Hypotonia, Frameshift mutation, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, Intellectual disability, Medicine, Missense mutation, Copy-number variation, medicine.symptom, business, Haploinsufficiency, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Genetics (clinical), 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: De novo mutations (DNM) in SYNGAP1, encoding Ras/Rap GTPase-activating protein SynGAP, have been reported in individuals with nonsyndromic intellectual disability (ID). We identified 10 previously unreported individuals with SYNGAP1 DNM; seven via the Deciphering Developmental Disorders (DDD) Study, one through clinical analysis for copy number variation and the remaining two (monozygotic twins) via a research multi-gene panel analysis. Seven of the nine heterozygous mutations are likely to result in loss-of-function (3 nonsense; 3 frameshift; 1 whole gene deletion). The remaining two mutations, one of which affected the monozygotic twins, were missense variants. Each individual carrying a DNM in SYNGAP1 had moderate-to-severe ID and 7/10 had epilepsy; typically myoclonic seizures, absences or drop attacks. 8/10 had hypotonia, 5/10 had significant constipation, 7/10 had wide-based/unsteady gait, 3/10 had strabismus, and 2/10 had significant hip dysplasia. A proportion of the affected individuals had a similar, myopathic facial appearance, with broad nasal bridge, relatively long nose and full lower lip vermilion. A distinctive behavioral phenotype was also observed with aggressive/challenging behavior and significant sleep problems being common. 7/10 individuals had MR imaging of the brain each of which was reported as normal. The clinical features of the individuals reported here show significant overlap with those associated with 6p21.3 microdeletions, confirming that haploinsufficiency for SYNGAP1 is responsible for both disorders. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Published: 2015
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20. Mutations in the histone methyltransferase gene KMT2B cause complex early-onset dystonia

Author: Brian T. Wilson, Vasiliki Nakou, Henry Houlden, Angela Barnicoat, Joost Nicolai, Miriam S. Reuter, Patrick Rump, F Lucy Raymond, Nicholas W. Wood, Serena Barral, Sanjay Bhate, Jonathan R. Chubb, Manju A. Kurian, Michèl A.A.P. Willemsen, Esther Meyer, André Reis, Nicola Foulds, Shekeeb S Mohammed, Kathryn J. Peall, Patricia Limousin, Apostolos Papandreou, Margaret Kaminska, Magnus Nilsson, Russell C. Dale, Susan M. White, Paul Gissen, Hilla Ben-Pazi, Gregory Peters, Christopher Wragg, Zvi Israel, Jean-Pierre Lin, Sarah Wiethoff, Simon Pope, Deciphering Developmental Disorders Study, William A. Gahl, Alan Pittman, Niccolo E. Mencacci, Wui K. Chong, Margje Sinnema, Dagmar Wieczorek, Erik-Jan Kamsteeg, Martin Smith, A. Hills, John M.E. Nichols, Shane McKee, Keren J. Carss, Maya Topf, S Heales, Gidon Winter, Amber Boys, Hardev Pall, Peter D. Turnpenny, Camilo Toro, Julia Rankin, Jane A. Hurst, Reeval Segel, Nicholas Gutowski, Hagai Bergman, Niklas Darin, Shibalik Misra, Lucinda Carr, Agnel Praveen Joseph, Joanne Ng, Deborah Morrogh, David Arkadir, Detelina Grozeva, Adeline Ngoh, Daniel E. Lumsden, Belén Pérez-Dueñas, Prab Prabhakar, Kailash P. Bhatia, Klinische Neurowetenschappen, MUMC+: MA Med Staf Spec Neurologie (9), MUMC+: DA KG Polikliniek (9), and RS: FHML non-thematic output
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Methyltransferase, Deep brain stimulation, Adolescent, Histone lysine methylation, DISORDERS, medicine.medical_treatment, VARIANTS, Bioinformatics, bcs, Sensory disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 12], MECHANISMS, Histones, 03 medical and health sciences, BRAIN IRON ACCUMULATION, Genetics, medicine, KABUKI SYNDROME, Humans, Laryngeal dystonia, Dystonia, Regulation of gene expression, biology, Lysine, METHYLATION, NEURODEGENERATION, Nuclear Proteins, Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase, medicine.disease, Disorders of movement Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 3], DNA-Binding Proteins, 030104 developmental biology, Histone, Histone methyltransferase, Mathematik, Mutation, biology.protein, Histone Methyltransferases, UPDATE, Female, PROTEIN STABILITY, LEUKEMIA
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext Histone lysine methylation, mediated by mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) proteins, is now known to be critical in the regulation of gene expression, genomic stability, cell cycle and nuclear architecture. Despite MLL proteins being postulated as essential for normal development, little is known about the specific functions of the different MLL lysine methyltransferases. Here we report heterozygous variants in the gene KMT2B (also known as MLL4) in 27 unrelated individuals with a complex progressive childhood-onset dystonia, often associated with a typical facial appearance and characteristic brain magnetic resonance imaging findings. Over time, the majority of affected individuals developed prominent cervical, cranial and laryngeal dystonia. Marked clinical benefit, including the restoration of independent ambulation in some cases, was observed following deep brain stimulation (DBS). These findings highlight a clinically recognizable and potentially treatable form of genetic dystonia, demonstrating the crucial role of KMT2B in the physiological control of voluntary movement.
Published: 2017

21. NovelKDM6A(UTX) mutations and a clinical and molecular review of the X-linked Kabuki syndrome (KS2)

Author: D. Beysen, Deborah J. Shears, Siddharth Banka, Bernard Grisart, Grazia M.S. Mancini, Damien Lederer, S. Bunstone, Ravi Savarirayan, Dian Donnai, Valérie Benoit, Shane McKee, E. Jenkins, Bronwyn Kerr, Isabelle Maystadt, E. Howard, Susan M. White, Ronald D. Cohn, H. Stewart, and I C Lloyd
Subjects: Hypertrichosis, Genetics, Mutation, Mutation rate, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, medicine.disease, Short stature, Hypotonia, Exon, medicine, Missense mutation, medicine.symptom, Kabuki syndrome, Genetics (clinical)
Abstract: We describe seven patients with KDM6A (located on Xp11.3 and encodes UTX) mutations, a rare cause of Kabuki syndrome (KS2, MIM 300867) and report, for the first time, germ-line missense and splice-site mutations in the gene. We demonstrate that less than 5% cases of Kabuki syndrome are due to KDM6A mutations. Our work shows that similar to the commoner Type 1 Kabuki syndrome (KS1, MIM 147920) caused by KMT2D (previously called MLL2) mutations, KS2 patients are characterized by hypotonia and feeding difficulties during infancy and poor postnatal growth and short stature. Unlike KS1, developmental delay and learning disability are generally moderate-severe in boys but mild-moderate in girls with KS2. Some girls may have a normal developmental profile. Speech and cognition tend to be more severely affected than motor development. Increased susceptibility to infections, join laxity, heart, dental and ophthalmological anomalies are common. Hypoglycaemia is more common in KS2 than in KS1. Facial dysmorphism with KDM6A mutations is variable and diagnosis on facial gestalt alone may be difficult in some patients. Hypertrichosis, long halluces and large central incisors may be useful clues to an underlying KDM6A mutation in some patients.
Published: 2014
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22. Loss-of-function HDAC8 mutations cause a phenotypic spectrum of Cornelia de Lange syndrome-like features, ocular hypertelorism, large fontanelle and X-linked inheritance

Author: María Concepción Gil-Rodríguez, Angela E. Scheuerle, Kathleen A. Leppig, Hane Lee, Miguel Del Campo, Peter Diakumis, Katsuhiko Shirahige, Encarna Guillén-Navarro, Juliane Eckhold, Sally Ann Lynch, Holly Dubbs, A. Micheil Innes, Joe Ann S. Moser, Sulagna C. Saitta, Naohito Nozaki, Fabiola Quintero-Rivera, Helger G. Yntema, Antonie D. Kline, Antonio Perez-Aytes, Dinah Clark, Patrick Willems, Lynette S. Penney, Bryan D. Hall, David A. Dyment, Samuel P. Strom, Matthew A. Deardorff, Maninder Kaur, Kathleen A. Williamson, Diana Braunholz, Ieva Micule, Jennifer M. Hunter, Jose Ferreira, Laird G. Jackson, Sarah Ernst, Paldeep S. Atwal, Raoul C.M. Hennekam, Shane McKee, Sarju G. Mehta, David R. FitzPatrick, Sarah E. Noon, David J. Amor, Yolanda Gyftodimou, David W. Christianson, Louanne Hudgins, Christopher T. Fincher, Melanie Hullings, Inga Vater, Victoria Mok Siu, Feliciano J. Ramos, Michael B. Petersen, Christophe Decroos, Antonio Musio, Morad Ansari, Elizabeth Roeder, Nicole Revencu, Heidi Thiese, Shehla Mohammed, Beatriz Puisac, Louise C. Wilson, John Pappas, Lauren J. Francey, Zita Krumina, Zornitza Stark, Karen L. Schindeler, Juan Pié, Ellen Moran, Jolanta Wierzba, Nataliya Di Donato, Hakon Hakonarson, Frank J. Kaiser, Gabriele Gillessen-Kaesbach, Geert Mortier, Han G. Brunner, Linda Mannini, Melanie Bahlo, Jonathan J. Wilde, Masashige Bando, Jacquelyn J. Bradley, Mark B. Mallozzi, Ulrike Gehlken, Christine M. Bowman, Luis Nunes, Ian D. Krantz, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Public Health, Human Genetics, UCL - SSS/IREC - Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, UCL - (SLuc) Centre de génétique médicale UCL, UCL - (SLuc) Centre de malformations vasculaires congénitales, CareRare Canada Consortium, and University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics
Subjects: Male, Care4Rare Canada Consortium, medicine.disease_cause, Bioinformatics, Medical and Health Sciences, Cohort Studies, Congenital, Genes, X-Linked, De Lange Syndrome, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Missense mutation, Eye Abnormalities, Aetiology, Hypertelorism, Child, Genetics (clinical), X-linked recessive inheritance, Pediatric, Genetics & Heredity, Genetics, screening and diagnosis, Mutation, Genetic disorder, Articles, General Medicine, Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Detection, Phenotype, Child, Preschool, Female, medicine.symptom, Cornelia de Lange Syndrome, Cohesin complex, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), Molecular Sequence Data, Cranial Fontanelles, Mutation, Missense, Biology, Histone Deacetylases, Rare Diseases, medicine, Humans, Amino Acid Sequence, Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease, Sensory disorders Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 12], University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, Preschool, Molecular Biology, Neurodevelopmental disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 7], Infant, NIPBL, X-Linked, medicine.disease, Brain Disorders, 4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies, Repressor Proteins, Genes, Human medicine, Missense, Sequence Alignment
Abstract: Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is amultisystemgenetic disorder with distinct facies, growth failure, intellectual disability, distal limb anomalies, gastrointestinal and neurological disease. Mutations in NIPBL, encoding a cohesin regulatory protein, account for >80% of cases with typical facies. Mutations in the core cohesin complex proteins, encoded by the SMC1A, SMC3 and RAD21 genes, together account for ̃5% of subjects, often with atypical CdLS features. Recently, we identified mutations in the X-linked gene HDAC8 as the cause of a small number of CdLS cases. Here, we report a cohort of 38 individuals with an emerging spectrum of features caused by HDAC8 mutations. For several individuals, the diagnosis of CdLS was not considered prior to genomic testing. Most mutations identified are missense and de novo. Many cases are heterozygous females, each with marked skewing of X-inactivation in peripheral blood DNA.Wealso identified eight hemizygous males who are more severely affected. The craniofacial appearance caused by HDAC8 mutations overlaps that of typical CdLS but often displays delayed anterior fontanelle closure, ocular hypertelorism, hooding of the eyelids, a broader nose and dental anomalies, which may be useful discriminating features. HDAC8 encodes the lysine deacetylase for the cohesin subunit SMC3 and analysis of the functional consequences of the missense mutations indicates that all cause a loss of enzymatic function. These data demonstrate that loss-of-function mutations in HDAC8 cause a range of overlapping human developmental phenotypes, including a phenotypically distinct subgroup of CdLS. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.
Published: 2014
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23. Deletions in 14q24.1q24.3 are associated with congenital heart defects, brachydactyly, and mild intellectual disability

Author: Susan E. McNerlan, Shane McKee, Björn Menten, Georg Weber, Anne De Paepe, Andreas Tzschach, Thomas Martin, Barbara Oehl-Jaschkowitz, Simone Scheid, Romain Krier, Alexander Christmann, and Olivier Vanakker
Subjects: Heart Defects, Congenital, Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Persistent truncus arteriosus, Intellectual Disability, Intellectual disability, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Hypertelorism, Child, Genetics (clinical), Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14, Comparative Genomic Hybridization, business.industry, Brachydactyly, Facies, Infant, medicine.disease, Ectopic kidney, Phenotype, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1, Intestinal malrotation, Child, Preschool, Female, Chromosome Deletion, medicine.symptom, Haploinsufficiency, Pulmonary atresia, business
Abstract: Interstitial deletions of chromosome band 14q24.1q24.3 are apparently very rare. We report on three unrelated patients with overlapping de novo deletions of sizes 5.4, 2.8, and 2.3 Mb in this region. While some clinical problems such as intestinal malrotation, cryptorchidism, and ectopic kidney were only observed in single patients, all three patients had mild intellectual disability, congenital heart defects (truncus arteriosus, pulmonary atresia, atrial septal defect, and/or ventricular septal defect), brachydactyly, hypertelorism, broad nasal bridge, and thin upper lips. Likely haploinsufficiency of one or several of the 19 genes in the common deleted interval (ACTN1, DCAF5, EXD2, GALNTL1, ERH, SLC39A9, PLEKHD1, CCDC177, KIAA0247, LOC100289511, SRSF5, SLC10A1, SMOC1, SLC8A3, ADAM21P1, COX16, SYNJ2BP, SYNJ2BP-COX16, ADAM21) was responsible for these manifestations, but apart from SMOC1, mutations in which cause autosomal recessive Waardenburg anophthalmia syndrome, and ACTN1, mutations in which are associated with congenital macrothrombocytopenia, no disease associations have so far been reported for the other genes. Functional studies and a systematic search for mutations or chromosome aberrations in this region will elucidate the role of individual genes in the clinical manifestations and will provide insight into the underlying biological mechanisms. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Published: 2013
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24. MLL2mosaic mutations and intragenic deletion-duplications in patients with Kabuki syndrome

Author: Sarju G. Mehta, Siddharth Banka, John Tolmie, Bronwyn Kerr, Emma Howard, Dian Donnai, Katherine Lachlan, Sancha Bunstone, Kate Chandler, Shane McKee, and Ana Lisa Taylor Tavares
Subjects: Sanger sequencing, Genetics, Mutation, Point mutation, Disease, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Bioinformatics, medicine.disease, Phenotype, symbols.namesake, Gene duplication, Genotype, medicine, symbols, Kabuki syndrome, Genetics (clinical)
Abstract: Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a rare multi-system disorder that can result in a variety of congenital malformations, typical dysmorphism and variable learning disability. It is caused by MLL2 point mutations in the majority of the cases and, rarely by deletions involving KDM6A. Nearly one third of cases remain unsolved. Here, we expand the known genetic basis of KS by presenting five typical patients with the condition, all of whom have novel MLL2 mutation types- two patients with mosaic small deletions, one with a mosaic whole-gene deletion, one with a multi-exon deletion and one with an intragenic multi-exon duplication. We recommend MLL2 dosage studies for all patients with typical KS, where traditional Sanger sequencing fails to identify mutations. The prevalence of such MLL2 mutations in KS may be comparable with deletions involving KDM6A. These findings may be helpful in understanding the mutational mechanism of MLL2 and the disease mechanism of KS.
Published: 2012
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25. 7q11.23 Microduplication: a recognizable phenotype

Author: Philippos C. Patsalis, Sahar Mansour, Ajoy Sarkar, Abhijit Dixit, Shane McKee, S McCullough, Kate Martin, Violetta Anastasiadou, Mohnish Suri, Sarju G. Mehta, and George A. Tanteles
Subjects: Male, Williams Syndrome, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Audiology, Facial dysmorphism, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Language Development Disorders, Autistic features, Short philtrum, Child, Genetic Association Studies, Genetics (clinical), business.industry, Microdeletion syndrome, medicine.disease, Phenotype, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Autism spectrum disorder, Child, Preschool, Speech delay, Female, Williams syndrome, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Williams-Beuren syndrome is a well-known microdeletion syndrome with a recognizable clinical phenotype. The subtle phenotype of the reciprocal microduplication of the Williams-Beuren critical region has been described recently. We report seven further patients, and a transmitting parent, with 7q11.23 microduplication. All our patients had speech delay, autistic features and facial dysmorphism consistent with the published literature. We conclude that the presence of specific dysmorphic features, including straight, neat eyebrows, thin lips and a short philtrum, in our patients with speech delay and autistic features provides further evidence that the children with 7q11.23 microduplication have a recognizable phenotype.
Published: 2012
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26. Whole-Exome-Sequencing Identifies Mutations in Histone Acetyltransferase Gene KAT6B in Individuals with the Say-Barber-Biesecker Variant of Ohdo Syndrome

Author: Sanjeev S. Bhaskar, Shehla Mohammed, Sahar Mansour, Janine Smith, Tim Thomas, Jill Clayton-Smith, Beverley Anderson, Dian Donnai, Leslie G. Biesecker, Alan Fryer, Ruth Day, Philip Smith, Shane McKee, Bronwyn Kerr, Kate Chandler, Małgorzata Krajewska-Walasek, Sally Ann Lynch, Anne K. Voss, May Tassabehji, Graeme C.M. Black, James O'Sullivan, Sarah B. Daly, and Elizabeth Sweeney
Subjects: Adult, Heart Defects, Congenital, Joint Instability, Male, Mice, Transgenic, Biology, Blepharophimosis, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, symbols.namesake, Exon, Mice, INDEL Mutation, Intellectual Disability, Report, medicine, Congenital Hypothyroidism, Genetics, Animals, Humans, Abnormalities, Multiple, Exome, Genetics(clinical), Child, Gene, Genetics (clinical), Exome sequencing, Histone Acetyltransferases, Sanger sequencing, Regulation of gene expression, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10, Facies, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, medicine.disease, Microarray Analysis, Chromatin, Codon, Nonsense, symbols, Genitopatellar syndrome, Female, Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Abstract: Say-Barber-Biesecker-Young-Simpson syndrome (SBBYSS or Ohdo syndrome) is a multiple anomaly syndrome characterized by severe intellectual disability, blepharophimosis, and a mask-like facial appearance. A number of individuals with SBBYSS also have thyroid abnormalities and cleft palate. The condition usually occurs sporadically and is therefore presumed to be due in most cases to new dominant mutations. In individuals with SBBYSS, a whole-exome sequencing approach was used to demonstrate de novo protein-truncating mutations in the highly conserved histone acetyltransferase gene KAT6B (MYST4/MORF)) in three out of four individuals sequenced. Sanger sequencing was used to confirm truncating mutations of KAT6B, clustering in the final exon of the gene in all four individuals and in a further nine persons with typical SBBYSS. Where parental samples were available, the mutations were shown to have occurred de novo. During mammalian development KAT6B is upregulated specifically in the developing central nervous system, facial structures, and limb buds. The phenotypic features seen in the Qkf mouse, a hypomorphic Kat6b mutant, include small eyes, ventrally placed ears and long first digits that mirror the human phenotype. This is a further example of how perturbation of a protein involved in chromatin modification might give rise to a multisystem developmental disorder.
Published: 2011
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27. Determining the pathogenicity of patient-derived TSC2 mutations by functional characterization and clinical evidence

Author: Chris Kingswood, P. Davies, Isabel Corderio, Nicole Martins, Shane McKee, Kayleigh M. Dodd, Helen Stuart, Anand Saggar, Andrew R. Tee, Helen Kingston, Elaine A. Dunlop, Stephen C. Land, David Mark Davies, Julian R. Sampson, and Ana Maria Duarte Medeira
Subjects: congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, Adolescent, Genotype, Genetic counseling, Mutant, Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1, Biology, Bioinformatics, Article, Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 1 Protein, Mice, Tuberous sclerosis, Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 Protein, Intellectual disability, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Humans, Missense mutation, Phosphorylation, Child, Phenotypic abnormality, Cells, Cultured, Genetics (clinical), Protein Stability, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases, Tumor Suppressor Proteins, Genetic Diseases, Inborn, Infant, Proteins, medicine.disease, nervous system diseases, HEK293 Cells, Phenotype, medicine.anatomical_structure, Child, Preschool, Multiprotein Complexes, Mutation, TSC1, Protein Multimerization
Abstract: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic condition characterized by the growth of benign tumours in multiple organs, including the brain and kidneys, alongside intellectual disability and seizures. Identification of a causative mutation in TSC1 or TSC2 is important for accurate genetic counselling in affected families, but it is not always clear from genetic data whether a sequence variant is pathogenic or not. In vitro functional analysis could provide support for determining whether an unclassified TSC1 or TSC2 variant is disease-causing. We have performed a detailed functional analysis of four patient-derived TSC2 mutations, E92V, R505Q, H597R and L1624P. One mutant, E92V, functioned similarly to wild-type TSC2, whereas H597R and L1624P had abnormal function in all assays, consistent with available clinical and segregation information. One TSC2 mutation, R505Q, was identified in a patient with intellectual disability, seizures and autistic spectrum disorder but who did not fulfil the diagnostic criteria for TSC. The R505Q mutation was also found in two relatives, one with mild learning difficulties and one without apparent phenotypic abnormality. R505Q TSC2 exhibited partially disrupted function in our assays. These data highlight the difficulties of assessing pathogenicity of a mutation and suggest that multiple lines of evidence, both genetic and functional, are required to assess the pathogenicity of some mutations.
Published: 2011
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28. Differential cytokine secretion results from p65 and c-Rel NF-κB subunit signaling in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome patients

Author: Graham A. Hitman, Tom Pettersson, Michael F. McDermott, Margo Whiteford, Shane McKee, Peter D. Arkwright, Belinda Nedjai, Annamari Ranki, Susanna Stjernberg, Mark D. Turner, Philip N. Hawkins, Leigh D Church, and Kirsten Minden
Subjects: Adult, Male, Fever, medicine.medical_treatment, Immunology, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Young Adult, medicine, Humans, Secretion, Child, Transcription factor, Immunoassay, Mutation, Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases, Transcription Factor RelA, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Molecular biology, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-rel, Cytokine, Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I, TNF receptor associated periodic syndrome, Cancer research, Cytokines, Female, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, Cytokine secretion, REL, Signal Transduction
Abstract: Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) is an autosomal dominant autoinflammatory condition caused by mutations in the TNFRSF1A gene which encodes the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor, TNFR1. We investigated the effect of three high penetrance and three low penetrance TNFRSF1A mutations upon NF-κB transcription factor family subunit activity, and the resulting impact upon secretion of 25 different cytokines. Whilst certain mutations resulted in elevated NF-κB p65 subunit activity, others instead resulted in elevated c-Rel subunit activity. Interestingly, high p65 activity was associated with elevated IL-8 secretion, whereas high c-Rel activity increased IL-1β and IL-12 secretion. In conclusion, while all six TNFRSF1A mutations showed enhanced NF-κB activity, different mutations stimulated distinct NF-κB family subunit activities, and this in turn resulted in the generation of unique cytokine secretory profiles.
Published: 2011
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29. Two sisters with Rett syndrome and non-identical paternally-derived microdeletions in the MECP2 gene

Author: Nadia Chuzhanova, David Neil Cooper, Rachel Butler, David Stuart Millar, Lyndon G. Rosser, Hayley Archer, Shane McKee, L. P. Lazarou, and James Hughes
Subjects: Genetics, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, Mutation rate, business.industry, Mutator phenotype, Rett syndrome, medicine.disease, Human genetics, Exon, medicine, Genetics(clinical), MECP2 gene, business, Genetics (clinical), X chromosome, Research Article
Abstract: The unique case of two sisters with symptoms of RTT and two quite distinct, novel, and apparently de novo microdeletions of the MECP2 gene is described. One sister possessed an 18 base-pair (bp) deletion (c.1155_1172del18) within the deletion hotspot region of exon 4, whereas the other sister exhibited a 43 bp deletion at a different location in the same exon (c.1448_1461del14+29). Although these lesions occurred on the same paternally-derived X chromosome, this is probably due to chance co-occurrence owing to the relatively high mutation rate of the MECP2 gene rather than to a constitutional mutator phenotype.
Published: 2008
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30. Characterization of Human Disease Phenotypes Associated with Mutations in TREX1, RNASEH2A, RNASEH2B, RNASEH2C, SAMHD1, ADAR, and IFIH1

Author: Marlène Rio, Vincent Laugel, Christine Barnerias, Vijay Aswani, Guillermo Agosta, Rachel Straussberg, Diana Chase, Maja Di Rocco, Mohamed S. Abdel-Hamid, Daniel R. Carvalho, Montse Arellano, Maya Thomas, Yanick J. Crow, Giovanni Crichiutti, Lyvia Dabydeen, Miriam Bloom, Kathryn J. Swoboda, Bertrand Isidor, Kevin J. Murray, Nasaim Khan, Agathe Roubertie, Kathryn Bailey, Johanna Lowenstein Schmidt, Noemi Nunez-Enamorado, Venkateswaran Ramesh, Simona Orcesi, Michael C Fahey, Keng Wee Teik, Ram L. Kumar, Gabriella Forte, Roberta Battini, Alec Aeby, Flore Rozenberg, Nadia Bahi-Buisson, Eileen Baildam, Sam Ackroyd, Magnhild Rasmussen, Doriette Soler, Diana Rodriguez, Marjo S. van der Knaap, Sheela Nampoothiri, Bülent Kara, Ivana Olivieri, Julie Vogt, Julie S. Prendiville, Ghada M H Abdel-Salam, Thierry Billette de Villemeur, Ronen Spiegel, Tommy Stödberg, Rudy Van Coster, Marianne Till, Alberto B. Burlina, Enza Maria Valente, Patrick J. Oades, Gyanranjan P. Sinha, Beverley Anderson, William P Whitehouse, Raymon Vijzelaar, Liesbeth De Waele, Cristina Cereda, Hannah J. Webb, Gillian I. Rice, Geneviève Bernard, Anthony Oojageer, Stefano D'Arrigo, Ming K. Lim, Donncha Hanrahan, Nuno Cordeiro, Adeline Vanderver, Hannah Gornall, Manuel Castro-Gago, Johann te Water Naude, Grace Vassallo, Stavit Allon-Shalev, Belén Pérez-Dueñas, Charles Marques Lourenço, Sameer M. Zuberi, Magalie Barth, Lieven Lagae, Cyril Goizet, Christian de Goede, Tiong Yang Tan, Jenny Morton, Riyana Babul-Hirji, Mark T Mackay, Geoffrey Wallace, Elisabetta Salvatici, Heinz Lauffer, Corinne De Laet, Federica Ricci, Russell C. Dale, Maria Luisa Carpanelli, Catherine Albin, Elisa Fazzi, Michael W. Beresford, Pierre Lebon, Abigail Collins, Roberta La Piana, Amy Pizzino, Edward Blair, Nirmala Rani Gowrinathan, Mohnish Suri, Rima Nabbout, Guy Helman, Luc Régal, Karin Segers, John H. Livingston, Davide Tonduti, Uta Tacke, António Figueiredo, Robyn Whitney, Blanca Gener, John R. Østergaard, David Chitayat, Kalpana Gowrishankar, Tarja Linnankivi, Edwin P. Kirk, Jean-Pierre Lin, Pierre Landrieu, Isabella Moroni, Mary D. King, Colin D. Ferrie, Koenraad Devriendt, Anna Cavallini, Shane McKee, Marika Bianchi, Daphna Marom, Marcin Szynkiewicz, Isabelle Desguerre, Evangeline Wassmer, Kate Chandler, Maha S. Zaki, Inés Denzler, Giada Ariaudo, Marie Laure Moutard, Concepcion Sierra Corcoles, Pediatric surgery, NCA - Brain mechanisms in health and disease, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam - Brain Mechanisms in Health & Disease, and Other departments
Subjects: Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1, Adenosine Deaminase, Autoimmune diseases, Fenótipo, Disease, Aicardi–Goutieres syndrome, Aicardi-Goutières syndrome, Bilateral striatal necrosis, DEAD-box RNA Helicases, 0302 clinical medicine, Genetics (clinical), 0303 health sciences, Doenças auto-imunes do sistema nervoso, 3. Good health, Phenotype, Spastic paraparesis, Biomarker (medicine), Vasculitis, bilateral striatal necrosis, spastic paraparesis, type I interferon, interferon signature, Genotype, Encephalopathy, Ribonuclease H, Alpha interferon, Biology, Nervous System Malformations, Article, SAM Domain and HD Domain-Containing Protein 1, 03 medical and health sciences, Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Interferon signature, Type I interferon, Exodeoxyribonucleases, Genetic Association Studies, Humans, Interferons, Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins, Phosphoproteins, Pterins, Mutation, Genetics, medicine, Chilblains, 030304 developmental biology, Aicardi-Goutieres syndromebilateral striatal necrosisspastic paraparesistype I interferoninterferon signature, medicine.disease, Peripheral neuropathy, Immunology, Aicardi–Goutières syndrome, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome is an inflammatory disease occurring due to mutations in any of TREX1, RNASEH2A, RNASEH2B, RNASEH2C, SAMHD1, ADAR or IFIH1. We report on 374 patients from 299 families with mutations in these seven genes. Most patients conformed to one of two fairly stereotyped clinical profiles; either exhibiting an in utero disease-onset (74 patients; 22.8% of all patients where data were available), or a post-natal presentation, usually within the first year of life (223 patients; 68.6%), characterized by a sub-acute encephalopathy and a loss of previously acquired skills. Other clinically distinct phenotypes were also observed; particularly, bilateral striatal necrosis (13 patients; 3.6%) and non-syndromic spastic paraparesis (12 patients; 3.4%). We recorded 69 deaths (19.3% of patients with follow-up data). Of 285 patients for whom data were available, 210 (73.7%) were profoundly disabled, with no useful motor, speech and intellectual function. Chilblains, glaucoma, hypothyroidism, cardiomyopathy, intracerebral vasculitis, peripheral neuropathy, bowel inflammation and systemic lupus erythematosus were seen frequently enough to be confirmed as real associations with the Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome phenotype. We observed a robust relationship between mutations in all seven genes with increased type I interferon activity in cerebrospinal fluid and serum, and the increased expression of interferon-stimulated gene transcripts in peripheral blood. We recorded a positive correlation between the level of cerebrospinal fluid interferon activity assayed within one year of disease presentation and the degree of subsequent disability. Interferon-stimulated gene transcripts remained high in most patients, indicating an ongoing disease process. On the basis of substantial morbidity and mortality, our data highlight the urgent need to define coherent treatment strategies for the phenotypes associated with mutations in the Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome-related genes. Our findings also make it clear that a window of therapeutic opportunity exists relevant to the majority of affected patients and indicate that the assessment of type I interferon activity might serve as a useful biomarker in future clinical trials. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Published: 2015
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31. Heterogeneity among patients with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome phenotypes

Author: Philip N. Hawkins, Sharron Worthington, Michael G. Molloy, Nicholas Baker, Michael F. McDermott, Juan I. Aróstegui, Jeff L. Bidwell, Joost Frenkel, José L. Castañer, Margo Whiteford, Graham A. Hitman, L. J. Hammond, Helen J. Lachmann, Jordi Yagüe, Shane McKee, Pilar Solis, Micaela La Regina, Kirsten Minden, Kevin P. High, Richard J. Powell, Elizabeth M. McDermott, P. L. Janssens-Korpola, Josep M. Campistol, Koichi Kusuhara, Claudia Mischung, Alison Bybee, Ebun Aganna, R. Mirakian, Anna Aldea, Hans Kristian Ploos van Amstel, Raffaele Manna, Frank T. Saulsbury, and Patricia Woo
Subjects: Mutation, Immunology, Familial Mediterranean fever, Biology, medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, Pathogenesis, Muckle–Wells syndrome, Rheumatology, AA amyloidosis, TNF receptor associated periodic syndrome, Immunopathology, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Missense mutation, Pharmacology (medical)
Abstract: Objective To investigate the prevalence of tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) among outpatients presenting with recurrent fevers and clinical features consistent with TRAPS. Methods Mutational screening was performed in affected members of 18 families in which multiple members had symptoms compatible with TRAPS and in 176 consecutive subjects with sporadic (nonfamilial) “TRAPS-like” symptoms. Plasma concentrations of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 1A (sTNFRSF1A) were measured, and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis was used to measure TNFRSF1A shedding from monocytes. Results Eight novel and 3 previously reported TNFRSF1A missense mutations were identified, including an amino acid deletion (ΔD42) in a Northern Irish family and a C70S mutation in a Japanese family, both reported for the first time. Only 3 TNFRSF1A variants were found in patients with sporadic TRAPS (4 of 176 patients). Evidence for nonallelic heterogeneity in TRAPS-like conditions was found: 3 members of the “prototype familial Hibernian fever” family did not possess C33Y, present in 9 other affected members. Plasma sTNFRSF1A levels were low in TRAPS patients in whom renal amyloidosis had not developed, but also in mutation-negative symptomatic subjects in 4 families, and in 14 patients (8%) with sporadic TRAPS. Reduced shedding of TNFRSF1A from monocytes was demonstrated in vitro in patients with the T50M and T50K variants, but not in those with other variants. Conclusion The presence of TNFRSF1A shedding defects and low sTNFRSF1A levels in 3 families without a TNFRSF1A mutation indicates that the genetic basis among patients with “TRAPS-like” features is heterogeneous. TNFRSF1A mutations are not commonly associated with nonfamilial recurrent fevers of unknown etiology.
Published: 2003
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32. Erratum: Corrigendum: Mutations in the histone methyltransferase gene KMT2B cause complex early-onset dystonia

Author: Esther Meyer, Manju A. Kurian, Sanjay Bhate, Jean-Pierre Lin, Agnel Praveen Joseph, Angela Barnicoat, F. Lucy Raymond, Jonathan R. Chubb, Niklas Darin, Shibalik Misra, Lucinda Carr, Joanne Ng, Deborah Morrogh, Julia Rankin, Henry Houlden, Erik-Jan Kamsteeg, Martin Smith, Patricia Limousin, Shane McKee, David Arkadir, Sarah Wiethoff, Hilla Ben-Pazi, Patrick Rump, Wui K. Chong, John M.E. Nichols, Michèl A.A.P. Willemsen, William A. Gahl, Gregory Peters, Detelina Grozeva, S Heales, Camilo Toro, André Reis, Shekeeb S Mohammed, Simon Pope, Deciphering Developmental Disorders Study, Adeline Ngoh, Joost Nicolai, Zvi Israel, Russell C. Dale, Nicholas W. Wood, Serena Barral, Niccolo E. Mencacci, Dagmar Wieczorek, Hardev Pall, Gidon Winter, Vasiliki Nakou, Peter D. Turnpenny, Prab Prabhakar, Kailash P. Bhatia, Alan Pittman, Margje Sinnema, Christopher Wragg, Keren J. Carss, Maya Topf, Amber Boys, Apostolos Papandreou, Hagai Bergman, Reeval Segel, Jane A. Hurst, Susan M. White, Nicholas Gutowski, A. Hills, Margaret Kaminska, Daniel E. Lumsden, Belén Pérez-Dueñas, Nicola Foulds, Kathryn J. Peall, Paul Gissen, Miriam S. Reuter, Magnus Nilsson, and Brian T. Wilson
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Dystonia, Biology, medicine.disease, Bioinformatics, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Histone methyltransferase, Genetics, medicine, Gene, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Early onset
Abstract: Nat. Genet. 49, 223–237 (2017); published online 19 December 2016; corrected after print 20 April 2017 Following publication of this article, the authors were asked to remove a clinical image and some video footage of one of the affected individuals. Although consent was obtained, in keeping with their ethical consent framework, the authors allow for withdrawal of consent and are carrying out the wishes of the research subjects under their consent process.
Published: 2017
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33. Expanding the phenotypic spectrum of ARID1B-mediated disorders and identification of altered cell-cycle dynamics due to ARID1B haploinsufficiency

Author: David J. Amor, Elizabeth Fitzpatrick, Paul J. Lockhart, Kate Pope, Richard J. Leventer, Susan M. White, Anneke T. Vulto-van Silfhout, Hayley S. Mountford, Pernille Mathiesen Tørring, Shane McKee, Donna M. Muzny, Joe C H Sim, Greta Gillies, Martin B. Delatycki, Shalini N. Jhangiani, and Gabrielle R. Wilson
Subjects: Male, Nonsense mutation, Micrognathism, Intellectual disability, Chromatin remodelling, Haploinsufficiency, Biology, Cell cycle, Frameshift mutation, medicine, Humans, Genetics(clinical), Pharmacology (medical), Abnormalities, Multiple, Coffin-Siris syndrome, ARID1B mutation, Coffin–Siris syndrome, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), Genetics (clinical), 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, Medicine(all), Research, Cell Cycle, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly, Phenotype, Human genetics, DNA-Binding Proteins, Face, Female, Neurodevelopmental disorders Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 7], Hand Deformities, Congenital, Neck, Transcription Factors
Abstract: Background: Mutations in genes encoding components of the Brahma-associated factor (BAF) chromatin remodeling complex have recently been shown to contribute to multiple syndromes characterised by developmental delay and intellectual disability. ARID1B mutations have been identified as the predominant cause of Coffin-Siris syndrome and have also been shown to be a frequent cause of nonsyndromic intellectual disability. Here, we investigate the molecular basis of a patient with an overlapping but distinctive phenotype of intellectual disability, plantar fat pads and facial dysmorphism. Methods/results: High density microarray analysis of the patient demonstrated a heterozygous deletion at 6q25.3, which resulted in the loss of four genes including AT Rich Interactive Domain 1B (ARID1B). Subsequent quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed ARID1B haploinsufficiency in the patient. Analysis of both patient-derived and ARID1B knockdown fibroblasts after serum starvation demonstrated delayed cell cycle re-entry associated with reduced cell number in the S-1 phase. Based on the patient's distinctive phenotype, we ascertained four additional patients and identified heterozygous de novo ARID1B frameshift or nonsense mutations in all of them. Conclusions: This study broadens the spectrum of ARID1B associated phenotypes by describing a distinctive phenotype including plantar fat pads but lacking the hypertrichosis or fifth nail hypoplasia associated with Coffin-Siris syndrome. We present the first direct evidence in patient-derived cells that alterations in cell cycle contribute to the underlying pathogenesis of syndromes associated with ARID1B haploinsufficiency.
Published: 2014
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34. Joint and skin laxity with Dandy-Walker malformation and contractures: a distinct recessive syndrome?

Author: Angela Barnicoat, Carole McKeown, Frances Flinter, David McCormick, Shane McKee, and Alan Fryer
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Contracture, Genes, Recessive, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, medicine, Humans, Abnormalities, Multiple, Joint Contracture, Child, Genetics (clinical), Muscle contracture, Fetus, Syndrome type, business.industry, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Dermatology, Hydrocephalus, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Skin Abnormalities, Skin laxity, Female, Joints, Collagen, Anatomy, Dandy-Walker Syndrome, business, Dandy-Walker malformation, Syringomyelia
Abstract: We report the case of a girl who has joint and skin laxity with atrophic scarring, and was diagnosed at birth with a Dandy-Walker malformation. She subsequently developed joint contractures, hydrocephalus and syringomyelia. This case shows some similarities to Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VI, but with no evidence of lysyl hydroxylase deficiency or ocular fragility. It is likely that she represents a distinct and recognizable syndrome. There was parental consanguinity and a subsequent pregnancy resulted in a similarly affected fetus, suggesting autosomal recessive inheritance.
Published: 2001
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35. Coffin-Siris syndrome and the BAF complex: genotype-phenotype study in 63 patients

Author: Usha Kini, Sheela Nampoothiri, Marjolijn C.J. Jongmans, Denise Horn, Gijs W. E. Santen, Emmelien Aten, M. S Mancini Grazia, Ruth Newbury-Ecob, Elizabeth Sweeney, Merel W. Boogaard, Helen Kingston, Amanda L. Collins, Tjitske Kleefstra, Christian A.C. Van der Lans, Albertien M. van Eerde, Alice Gardham, Shane McKee, Miranda Splitt, Debbie Shears, Michael J. Parker, Victoria Harrison, Natalie Canham, Saskia M. Maas, Marjolein Kriek, Martijn H. Breuning, Nancy Kramer, Leigh Anne Flore, Gozde Yesil, Luis A. Pérez-Jurado, John M. Graham, Katherine Berry, Louise Brueton, Krystyna H. Chrzanowska, I. Karen Temple, Odile Boute, M. J Ellen Vollebregt, Bert B.A. de Vries, Jill Clayton-Smith, Beyhan Tüysüz, Patrícia Maciel, Johan T. den Dunnen, Caroline Pottinger, Ronelle Snowdowne, Robert Smigiel, Mafalda Barbosa, Isabelle Maystadt, May Tassabehji, Alan Fryer, Martine J. van Belzen, Louise C. Wilson, Margherita Silengo, Helen Stewart, Mariam Almureikhi, Anneke T. Vulto-van Silfhout, Ineke van der Burgt, Seema Kapoor, Catherine Vincent-Delorme, Caroline Rooryck, Tawfeg Ben-Omran, Michiel J R van der Wielen, Nicolette S. den Hollander, John Dean, Stefania Bigoni, Jeff M. Milunsky, Bregje W.M. van Bon, Sarah M. Nikkel, Arie van Haeringen, Gabriela Soares, Ankur Singh, Raoul C.M. Hennekam, Sarina G. Kant, Alexander Hoischen, Margot M L Linssen, Stephen P. Robertson, Anwar Baban, Dragana Josifova, Krajewska-Walasek Malgorzata Krajewska-Walasek, Teresa De Toni, Kate Chandler, Ivonne J H M van Minderhout, Linda Vijfhuizen, Immunology, Universidade do Minho, ANS - Amsterdam Neuroscience, APH - Amsterdam Public Health, Human Genetics, Paediatrics, and Paediatric Genetics
Subjects: ARID1A, Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone, Coffin-Siris, Medicina Básica [Ciências Médicas], SMARCB1, Bioinformatics, Germline, NBS, SMARCA4, Micrognathism, Gene Order, SMARCA2, Exome, Genetics (clinical), Genetics, Mosaicism, Nuclear Proteins, Exons, SMARCB1 Protein, Phenotype, SMARCE1, genotype-phenotype, DNA-Binding Proteins, SWI/SNF, ARID1B, BAF, CSS, Nicolaides-Baraitser, mosaicism, Ciências Médicas::Medicina Básica, Hand Deformities, Congenital, SNF, Biology, Genotype-phenotype, Genomic disorders and inherited multi-system disorders DCN MP - Plasticity and memory [IGMD 3], Intellectual Disability, medicine, Humans, SWI, Abnormalities, Multiple, Coffin–Siris syndrome, Genetic Association Studies, DNA Helicases, Facies, medicine.disease, Genetics and epigenetic pathways of disease DCN MP - Plasticity and memory [NCMLS 6], Face, Multiprotein Complexes, Genetics and epigenetic pathways of disease Genomic disorders and inherited multi-system disorders [NCMLS 6], Neck, Transcription Factors
Abstract: De novo germline variants in several components of the SWI/SNF-like BAF complex can cause Coffin-Siris syndrome (CSS), Nicolaides-Baraitser syndrome (NCBRS), and nonsyndromic intellectual disability. We screened 63 patients with a clinical diagnosis of CSS for these genes (ARID1A, ARID1B, SMARCA2, SMARCA4, SMARCB1, and SMARCE1) and identified pathogenic variants in 45 (71%) patients. We found a high proportion of variants in ARID1B (68%). All four pathogenic variants in ARID1A appeared to be mosaic. By using all variants from the Exome Variant Server as test data, we were able to classify variants in ARID1A, ARID1B, and SMARCB1 reliably as being pathogenic or nonpathogenic. For SMARCA2, SMARCA4, and SMARCE1 several variants in the EVS remained unclassified, underlining the importance of parental testing. We have entered all variant and clinical information in LOVD-powered databases to facilitate further genotype-phenotype correlations, as these will become increasingly important because of the uptake of targeted and untargeted next generation sequencing in diagnostics. The emerging phenotype-genotype correlation is that SMARCB1 patients have the most marked physical phenotype and severe cognitive and growth delay. The variability in phenotype seems most marked in ARID1A and ARID1B patients. Distal limbs anomalies are most marked in ARID1A patients and least in SMARCB1 patients. Numbers are small however, and larger series are needed to confirm this correlation., (undefined)
Published: 2013
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36. 209 Whole Exome Sequencing Identifies Genetic Cause of Histiocytoid Cardiomyopathy

Author: A. John Baksi, Sanjay K Prasad, Rachel Buchan, Gillian Rea, Roddy Walsh, Jan Till, Ferran Rosés-Noguer, Sam Wilkinson, Stuart A. Cook, Robert W. Taylor, Tessa Homfray, Shane McKee, Victoria Murday, Paul J.R. Barton, Fiona Stewart, and James S. Ware
Subjects: NDUFB11, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Nonsense mutation, Histiocytoid cardiomyopathy, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, medicine.disease, Microphthalmia, Sudden death, Mitochondrial respiratory chain, Medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, X chromosome, Exome sequencing
Abstract: Histiocytoid cardiomyopathy (CM) is a rare, distinctive form of cardiomyopathy, characterised by malignant arrhythmias and associated sudden death. ~90% of cases present in females de novo nonsense mutation in NDUFB11 (c.262C>T; p. Arg88*) , located on the X chromosome and encoding a component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC). Mutations in NDUFB11, including one identical to the one we describe here, have been reported to cause microphthalmia and linear skin defects syndrome (MLS). During the course of our studies, additional mutations in NDUFB11 were associated with Histiocytoid CM by another group. Four of the affected individuals in our study did not carry variants in NDUFB11. Heterozygous mutations in HCCS (which encodes an important mitochondrially-targeted protein) and COX7B ( which, like NDUFB11, encodes a protein of the MRC) have also previously been identified in MLS syndrome including a case with features of both MLS syndrome and Histiocytoid CM. However, a systematic review of WES data from previously published cases, alongside the four additional cases presented here, did not identify any further mutations in these genes in Histiocytoid CM. We conclude thattruncating variants in NDUFB11 link the distinct phenotypes of Histiocytoid CM and MLS syndrome. Screening for malignant arrhythmias and cardiomyopathy would be appropriate in individuals with MLS syndrome. Additional nuclear encoded mitochondrial or mitochondrial DNA genes are good candidates for further causes of both Histiocytoid CM and MLS syndrome.
Published: 2016
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37. Shwachman-Diamond syndrome: a complex case demonstrating the potential for misdiagnosis as asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (Jeune syndrome)

Author: Shane McKee, Sarah F. Smithson, Colin G. Steward, Steven J Keogh, and David Grier
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Delayed Diagnosis, Ellis-Van Creveld Syndrome, Asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy, Jeune syndrome, Case Report, Diagnosis, Differential, medicine, Humans, Lipomatosis, Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health, Diagnostic Errors, Child, Bone Marrow Diseases, Ellis–van Creveld syndrome, Shwachman–Diamond syndrome, medicine.diagnostic_test, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, lcsh:RJ1-570, Dystrophy, lcsh:Pediatrics, medicine.disease, Metaphyseal dysplasia, Pancytopenia, Transplantation, Bone marrow examination, Neonatal respiratory distress, Dysplasia, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency, Female, Differential diagnosis, Isochromosome 7q, Pancreatic insufficiency, business
Abstract: Background The differential diagnosis of a neonate or fetus presenting with a bell-shaped or long narrow thorax includes a wide range of bony dysplasia syndromes. Where this is accompanied by respiratory distress, asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD, Jeune syndrome) is an important potential diagnosis. Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) is widely recognised as a cause of exocrine pancreatic dysfunction, short stature and bone marrow failure. It is not so well appreciated that rib and/or thoracic cage abnormalities occur in 30–50% of patients and that, in severe cases, these abnormalities may lead to thoracic dystrophy and respiratory failure in the newborn. There are, however, at least three previous case reports of children who were initially diagnosed with ATD who were subsequently shown to have SDS. Case presentation This report details the case history of a patient misdiagnosed as having ATD as a neonate following the neonatal asphyxial death of her brother. She subsequently developed progressive pancytopenia but was only diagnosed with SDS at 11 years of age after referral for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for bone marrow failure accompanied by trilineage dysplasia and clonal cytogenetic abnormalities on bone marrow examination. Subsequent testing revealed the presence of fat globules in stools, reduced faecal chymotrypsin, fat-soluble vitamin deficiency, metaphyseal dysplasia on skeletal survey and heterozygous mutations of the SBDS gene. Conclusion This report highlights the potential for diagnostic confusion between ATD and SDS. It is important to include SDS in the differential diagnosis of newborns with thoracic dystrophy and to seek expert clinical and radiological assessment of such children.
Published: 2012
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38. A clinical and genetic study of the Say/Barber/Biesecker/Young-Simpson type of Ohdo syndrome

Author: P. Howard, B. B. A. De Vries, Jill Clayton-Smith, B. Beckett, U. Maye, Sahar Mansour, Bronwyn Kerr, Alan Fryer, Dian Donnai, M. Heidenblad, Shane McKee, Elizabeth Sweeney, May Tassabehji, Shehla Mohammed, and Ruth Day
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Developmental Disabilities, Limb Deformities, Congenital, Blepharophimosis, Genomic disorders and inherited multi-system disorders [IGMD 3], Cohort Studies, Diagnosis, Differential, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Abnormalities, Multiple, Young–Simpson syndrome, Child, Genetics (clinical), business.industry, Learning Disabilities, Syndrome, medicine.disease, Developmental disorder, Natural history, Phenotype, Genetic defects of metabolism [UMCN 5.1], Cohort, Cytogenetic Analysis, Etiology, Genitopatellar syndrome, Differential diagnosis, business, Functional Neurogenomics [DCN 2], Cohort study
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext We report a series of eight patients with the Say/Barber/Biesecker/Young-Simpson (SBBYS) type of Ohdo syndrome, which is the largest cohort described to date. We expand on the type, frequency and severity of the clinical characteristics in this condition; comment on the natural history of Ohdo syndrome and further refine previously published diagnostic criteria. Cytogenetic investigations and microarray CGH analysis undertaken in this cohort of patients failed to identify a chromosomal aetiology. It remains possible that this rare condition is heterogeneous and therefore caution must be undertaken during counselling until the underlying genetic mechanism(s) is (are) identified.
Published: 2008

39. Further delineation of Pitt-Hopkins syndrome: phenotypic and genotypic description of 16 novel patients

Author: Alina T. Midro, Marjolijn C.J. Jongmans, Emilia K. Bijlsma, L Hoffmann, N S den Hollander, Alan Fryer, Mary D. King, Anita Rauch, Susanne E Boonen, Jill Clayton-Smith, Christiane Zweier, Shane McKee, Maarit Peippo, Sarina G. Kant, M T Greally, Sally Ann Lynch, Valeria Ricotti, E Tarantino, Marja W. Wessels, Heinrich Sticht, S-M Park, Surgery, Obstetrics & Gynecology, and Clinical Genetics
Subjects: Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Microcephaly, Adolescent, Genotype, Apnea, DNA Mutational Analysis, Pitt–Hopkins syndrome, Young Adult, Transcription Factor 4, Intellectual Disability, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Hyperventilation, Child, Genetics (clinical), business.industry, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors, Infant, TCF4, Syndrome, medicine.disease, Phenotype, DNA-Binding Proteins, Genetic defects of metabolism [UMCN 5.1], Child, Preschool, Face, Female, Differential diagnosis, Haploinsufficiency, business, Functional Neurogenomics [DCN 2], Transcription Factors
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext BACKGROUND: Haploinsufficiency of the gene encoding for transcription factor 4 (TCF4) was recently identified as the underlying cause of Pitt-Hopkins syndrome (PTHS), an underdiagnosed mental-retardation syndrome characterised by a distinct facial gestalt, breathing anomalies and severe mental retardation. METHODS: TCF4 mutational analysis was performed in 117 patients with PTHS-like features. RESULTS: In total, 16 novel mutations were identified. All of these proven patients were severely mentally retarded and showed a distinct facial gestalt. In addition, 56% had breathing anomalies, 56% had microcephaly, 38% had seizures and 44% had MRI anomalies. CONCLUSION: This study provides further evidence of the mutational and clinical spectrum of PTHS and confirms its important role in the differential diagnosis of severe mental retardation.
Published: 2008

40. X-linked protocadherin 19 mutations cause female-limited epilepsy and cognitive impairment

Author: Lucianne Vandeleur, Amos D. Korczyn, Michael R. Stratton, Andrew M. Jenkinson, Samantha J. Turner, Gemma Buck, Raffaella Smith, Tatiana Mironenko, David T. Jones, Syd Barthorpe, Adam Butler, Samuel F. Berkovic, Ingrid E. Scheffer, Mark A. Corbett, Zaid Afawi, Sarah O’Meara, Leanne M. Dibbens, Kelly Halliday, Paul Q. Thomas, Andrew Menzies, Daniel H. Geschwind, Jozef Gecz, Marta A. Bayly, John Teague, Tally Lerman-Sagie, Paul Wray, James F. Gusella, Shane McKee, John C. Mulley, Sofie West, Christopher P. Derry, Eric Haan, Hyung Goo Kim, Dorit Lev, Rebecca Shepherd, Aziz Mazarib, Calli Tofts, Rebecca Lee, Mark Madison, Marie Shaw, Edwina Sutton, Jennifer Cole, Sarah Edkins, Grant R. Sutherland, Claire Stevens, Cheryl Shoubridge, Jamee M. Bomar, Jennifer Varian, Miriam Y. Neufeld, Stephen G Ryan, Ed Dicks, Patrick S. Tarpey, Kim Hynes, Sara Widaa, P. Andrew Futreal, Sara Kivity, Kathryn Friend, Dibbens, Leanne M, Tarpey, Patrick S, Hynes, Kim, Bayly, Marta A, and Gecz, Jozef
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Mutation, Missense, Protocadherin, Gene mutation, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Epilepsy, Genomic Imprinting, Mice, Basic Science, Genes, X-Linked, Genetics, medicine, Missense mutation, Animals, Humans, RNA, Messenger, Gene, X chromosome, In Situ Hybridization, Skin, Mutation, Chromosomes, Human, X, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Brain, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Fibroblasts, medicine.disease, Cadherins, Protocadherins, Pedigree, Phenotype, Codon, Nonsense, Case-Control Studies, Mental Retardation, X-Linked, Medical genetics, Female, Cognition Disorders
Abstract: Epilepsy and mental retardation limited to females (EFMR) is a disorder with an X-linked mode of inheritance and an unusual expression pattern. Disorders arising from mutations on the X chromosome are typically characterized by affected males and unaffected carrier females. In contrast, EFMR spares transmitting males and affects only carrier females. Aided by systematic resequencing of 737 X chromosome genes, we identified different protocadherin 19 (PCDH19) gene mutations in seven families with EFMR. Five mutations resulted in the introduction of a premature termination codon. Study of two of these demonstrated nonsense-mediated decay of PCDH19 mRNA. The two missense mutations were predicted to affect adhesiveness of PCDH19 through impaired calcium binding. PCDH19 is expressed in developing brains of human and mouse and is the first member of the cadherin superfamily to be directly implicated in epilepsy or mental retardation.
Published: 2008

41. CADASIL IN NORTHERN IRELAND: A RETROSPECTIVE CLINICAL, NEUROIMAGING AND GENETIC STUDY

Author: Eugene McKenna, Grace McMacken, Shane McKee, and J. McConville
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Northern ireland, medicine.disease, Psychiatry and Mental health, Neuroimaging, medicine, Dementia, Surgery, Neurology (clinical), Psychiatry, CADASIL, business, Stroke
Abstract: Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a familial cerebral small vessel disease caused by mutations in the NOTCH3 gene on chromosome 19. Characteristic features include migraine with aura, recurrent subcortical ischaemic events, cognitive impairment and mood disturbances. The disorder is often overlooked or misdiagnosed, and true population prevalence and disease burden is still undetermined. We identified NOTCH 3 mutation positive CADASIL patients from the Northern Ireland genetics databases. We assessed neuroimaging where available and reviewed medical records.21 gene positive patients were identified within this population. Two mutations accounted for 7/9 pedigrees (arg 182 cys and arg141cys). Mean age of diagnosis was 46 years (range 28–65 years). 10/21 patients had a known family history of CADASIL at time of genetic testing. 19/21 patients were symptomatic: migraine with aura (61%); stroke (52%); TIA (43%); dementia (29%); mood disturbance (29%); seizures (14%). MRI features were highly variable but showed striking similarities within families; some exhibiting changes considered classical of CADASIL and others demonstrating only non-specific white matter changes. One patient exhibited vasculitic type changes on MR angiogram. This study demonstrates the wide variability in the phenotype and MRI features of CADASIL.
Published: 2015
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42. Autosomal dominant early childhood seizures associated with chondrocalcinosis and a mutation in the ANKH Gene

Author: Michael Doherty, Josh Dixey, Anne E. Hughes, Shane McKee, and Adrian Pendleton
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Codon, Initiator, Gene Expression, Chondrocalcinosis, medicine.disease_cause, Seizures, Febrile, Epilepsy, Start codon, Seizures, Internal medicine, Extracellular, medicine, Humans, Phosphate Transport Proteins, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Gene, chemistry.chemical_classification, Mutation, business.industry, Arthritis, Infant, Membrane Proteins, medicine.disease, Amino acid, Pedigree, Diphosphates, Endocrinology, Neurology, Mechanism of action, chemistry, Child, Preschool, Epilepsy, Generalized, Female, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: We describe the pattern of early childhood seizures within a family with autosomal dominant chondrocalcinosis (CCAL, which causes adult-onset arthritis). All affected family members with CCAL experienced seizures in early childhood, usually, but not always, associated with fever. Similarities exist to the syndrome of generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+). A mutation within the ANKH gene on chromosome 5p has been found previously in this family; other patients with familial CCAL (but without seizures) have mutations in the same gene. ANKH codes for a transmembrane protein involved in the regulation of extracellular pyrophosphate ion levels, although its precise mechanism of action remains unclear. It is highly expressed in the brain, and its expression may be influenced by seizure activity. The mutation within this family creates a premature initiation codon, adding four amino acids to the N-terminus of the protein. We postulate that this may lead to a gain of function, causing seizure susceptibility as well as chondrocalcinosis. Mutations within this gene may underlie other forms of genetic epilepsy and febrile seizures.
Published: 2004

43. Allelic Variants In Genes Associated With Hereditary Periodic Fever Syndromes As Susceptibility Factors For Reactive Systemic Aa Amyloidosis

Author: Graham A. Hitman, R Topaloglu, Annamari Ranki, Shane McKee, Leena Karenko, A Bybee, Michael F. McDermott, Tom Pettersson, Aysin Bakkaloglu, Philip N. Hawkins, Ebun Aganna, Nesrin Besbas, Hal M. Hoffman, Helen J. Lachmann, P Woo, Seza Ozen, and Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları
Subjects: Male, Amyloid, Immunology, Familial Mediterranean fever, Arthritis, Biology, Gene mutation, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, AA amyloidosis, NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genetics (clinical), Genetics & Heredity, Amyloidosis, Proteins, Pyrin, medicine.disease, MEFV, Familial Mediterranean Fever, Pedigree, Cytoskeletal Proteins, Amino Acid Substitution, Rheumatoid arthritis, Mutation, Female, Carrier Proteins
Abstract: We investigated the hypothesis that low-penetrance mutations in genes (TNFRSF1A, MEFV and NALP3/CIAS1) associated with hereditary periodic fever syndromes (HPFs) might be risk factors for AA amyloidosis among patients with chronic inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), Crohn's disease, undiagnosed recurrent fevers and HPFs themselves. Four of 67 patients with RA plus amyloidosis had MEFV variants compared with none of 34 RA patients without amyloid (P value = 0.03). The E148Q variant of MEFV was present in two of the three patients with TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) complicated by amyloid in two separate multiplex TRAPS families containing 5 and 16 affected members respectively, and the single patient with Muckle-Wells syndrome who had amyloidosis was homozygous for this variant. The R92Q variant of TNFRSF1A was present in two of 61 JIA patients with amyloidosis, and none of 31 nonamyloidotic JIA patients. No HPF gene mutations were found in 130 healthy control subjects. Although allelic variants in HPFs genes are not major susceptibility factors for AA amyloidosis in chronic inflammatory disease, low-penetrance variants of MEFV and TNFRSF1A may have clinically significant proinflammatory effects.
Published: 2004

44. Constellation of Five Facial Features of Tuberous Sclerosis in a Child with a TSC2 1808A>G Mutation

Author: Shane McKee, Deirdre E. Donnelly, Rachel Hardy, Patrick J. Morrison, and Charles Shepherd
Subjects: Male, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, Clinical Genetics and Genetic Counseling, Cancer Research, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Tumor Suppressor Proteins, food and beverages, medicine.disease, nervous system diseases, Tuberous sclerosis protein, Tuberous sclerosis, Tumor suppressor proteins, Oncology, Tuberous Sclerosis, Mutation, Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 Protein, Mutation (genetic algorithm), medicine, Humans, TSC2, Child, business
Abstract: This article presents the case of an 8-year-old boy with a TSC2 1801A>G mutation who has five facial features of tuberous sclerosis complex.
Published: 2012
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45. Clinical and genetic analysis of patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease

Author: Irina A. Lubensky, W. Marston Linehan, David L. Bartlett, McClellan M. Walther, Peter L. Choyke, Berton Zbar, Gladys Glenn, Eamonn R. Maher, Steven K. Libutti, Shane McKee, and H. Richard Alexander
Subjects: Adult, Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Pancreatic disease, von Hippel-Lindau Disease, Adolescent, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, Neuroendocrine tumors, Germline, Ligases, Germline mutation, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Von Hippel–Lindau disease, Aged, medicine.diagnostic_test, Vascular disease, business.industry, Tumor Suppressor Proteins, Proteins, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Pancreatic Neoplasms, Neuroendocrine Tumors, medicine.anatomical_structure, Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein, Surgery, Female, Pancreas, business, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Fluorescence in situ hybridization
Abstract: Background. Patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) may develop pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs), which can behave in a malignant fashion. We prospectively evaluated size criteria for resection of lesions and the role of genotype/phenotype analysis of germline VHL mutations in predicting clinical course. Methods. From December 1988 through December 1999 we screened 389 patients with VHL. The diagnosis of PNET was made by pathologic analysis of tissues or by radiographic appearance. Germline mutations were determined by quantitative Southern blotting, fluorescence in situ hybridization and complete gene sequencing. Results. Forty-four patients with PNETs have been identified; 25 have undergone surgical resection, 5 had metastatic disease, and 14 are being monitored. No patient who has undergone resection based on tumor size criteria has developed metastases. Patients with PNETs were more likely to have missense mutations (58%), and 4 of 5 patients (80%) with metastatic disease had mutations in exon 3 compared with 18 of 39 (46%) patients without metastatic disease. Conclusions. Imaging for detection and surgical resection based on size criteria have resulted in the successful management of VHL patients with PNETs. Analysis of germline mutations may help identify patients at risk for PNET and which patients may benefit from surgical intervention. (Surgery 2000;128:1022-8.)
Published: 2000

46. Cryptic von Hippel-Lindau disease: germline mutations in patients with haemangioblastoma only

Author: R. B. van der Luijt, Robert C. McMahon, J.J. van der Smagt, Shane McKee, Eamonn R. Maher, Cornelis J.M. Lips, Fiona Macdonald, F J Hes, Pauline K. Rehal, Peter L. Pearson, Joanne Whittaker, D Dow, M J B Taphoorn, R. A. Zewald, Clinical sciences, and Medical Genetics
Subjects: Oncology, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, von Hippel-Lindau Disease, endocrine system diseases, Adolescent, Biology, urologic and male genital diseases, Germ-Line Mutation/genetics, Germline, Central Nervous System Neoplasms, Diagnosis, Differential, Germline mutation, Gene Frequency, Internal medicine, Molecular genetics, Hemangioblastoma, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Von Hippel–Lindau disease, Allele frequency, neoplasms, Genetics (clinical), Germ-Line Mutation, Aged, Central Nervous System Neoplasms/diagnosis, von Hippel-Lindau Disease/diagnosis, Hemangioblastoma/diagnosis, Original Articles, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, Pedigree, Female, Differential diagnosis, Morbidity, VHL Gene Mutation
Abstract: OBJECTIVES— Central nervous system haemangioblastoma (HAB) is a major feature of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease, and it is estimated that about 30% of HAB patients have VHL disease. Consequently, it is widely recommended that sporadic HAB patients are screened for clinical and radiological features of VHL disease because of the risk of multiple tumours. We investigated the frequency of VHL germline mutations in patients with HAB only with no clinical or radiological evidence of VHL disease to define the role of molecular genetic analysis in the management of such patients. METHODS—Eighty four patients with a single HAB (23 Dutch, 61 UK) and four with multiple HAB (two Dutch, two UK) were studied by direct sequencing of the coding region and quantitative Southern blotting. RESULTS—A VHL germline mutation was found in three of 69 (4.3%) single HAB patients aged 50 years or less (three of 84 (3.6%) total single HAB patients). A germline VHL mutation was detected in a 44 year old woman with a solitary cerebellar HAB, as well as in four clinically unaffected close relatives, and in two single HAB cases presenting at the ages of 29 and 36 years. Germline VHL mutations were detected in two of four cases with multiple HAB. CONCLUSIONS—Early detection of VHL disease is important to reduce morbidity and mortality and therefore we recommend that, in addition to conventional clinical and radiological investigations, VHL gene mutation analysis should be offered to all HAB patients younger than 50 years. HAB patients aged >50 years will have a lower a priori risk of VHL disease and further data are required to evaluate the role of routine molecular genetic investigations in late onset HAB cases. The failure to detect germline VHL mutations in some patients with multiple HAB may indicate the presence of somatic mosaicism or additional HAB susceptibility genes. Keywords: haemangioblastoma; von Hippel-Lindau disease; VHL; germline mutation
Published: 2000

47. Germline E-cadherin gene (CDH1) mutations predispose to familial gastric cancer and colorectal cancer

Author: Eamonn R. Maher, Shane McKee, Janusz Jankowski, Trevor Cole, D. S. A. Sanders, Carole McKeown, D. G. R. Evans, Frances M. Richards, and M. H. Rajpar
Subjects: Adult, Genetic Markers, Male, Colorectal cancer, DNA Mutational Analysis, Loss of Heterozygosity, Biology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Germline, CDH1, Loss of heterozygosity, Germline mutation, Stomach Neoplasms, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Point Mutation, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Molecular Biology, Genetics (clinical), Germ-Line Mutation, Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational, Aged, Family Health, Base Sequence, Genetic heterogeneity, Point mutation, General Medicine, DNA, Neoplasm, Exons, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Cadherins, Pedigree, biology.protein, Female, Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer, Colorectal Neoplasms, Gene Deletion
Abstract: Inherited mutations in the E-cadherin gene ( CDH1 ) were described recently in three Maori kindreds with familial gastric cancer. Familial gastric cancer is genetically heterogeneous and it is not clear what proportion of gastric cancer susceptibility in non-Maori populations is due to germline CDH1 mutations. Therefore, we screened eight familial gastric cancer kindreds of British and Irish origin for germline CDH1 mutations, by SSCP analysis of all 16 exons and flanking sequences. Each family contained: (i) two cases of gastric cancer in first degree relatives with one affected before age 50 years; or (ii) three or more cases of gastric cancer. Novel germline CDH1 mutations (a nonsense and a splice site) were detected in two families (25%). Both mutations were predicted to truncate the E-cadherin protein in the signal peptide domain. In one family there was evidence of non-penetrance and susceptibility to both gastric and colorectal cancer; thus, in addition to six cases of gastric cancer, a CDH1 mutation carrier developed colorectal cancer at age 30 years. We have confirmed that germline mutations in the CDH1 gene cause familial gastric cancer in non-Maori populations. However, only a minority of familial gastric cancers can be accounted for by CDH1 mutations. Loss of E-cadherin function has been implicated in the pathogenesis of sporadic colorectal and other cancers, and our findings provide evidence that germline CDH1 mutations predispose to early onset colorectal cancer. Thus, CDH1 should be investigated as a cause of inherited susceptibility to both gastric and colorectal cancers.
Published: 1999

48. Septo-optic dysplasia with a transverse limb defect

Author: Angela Bell, Dennis A. Carson, Anna Chillingworth, Shane McKee, and Sarinda Millar
Subjects: Male, business.industry, Brain, Infant, Optic Nerve, Septo-optic dysplasia, General Medicine, Anatomy, medicine.disease, Nystagmus, Pathologic, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Transverse plane, Septo-Optic Dysplasia, Pituitary Gland, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, medicine, Humans, Septum Pellucidum, Upper Extremity Deformities, Congenital, business, Genetics (clinical)
Published: 2008
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49. Bilateral microtia with severe cardiac defect: a new syndrome, or a severe manifestation of the oculoauriculovertebral spectrum?

Author: Shane McKee, Rheem Mabrouk, and Sanjeev Bali
Subjects: Male, Cardiovascular Abnormalities, Goldenhar syndrome, Vertebral anomalies, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Fatal Outcome, Goldenhar Syndrome, medicine, Humans, Ear, External, Genetics (clinical), business.industry, Dysplastic ears, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Karyotype, Syndrome, General Medicine, Anatomy, medicine.disease, Bilateral microtia, Intestinal malrotation, Face, Karyotyping, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Radiography, Thoracic, Syndactyly, business
Abstract: A male infant is reported with bilateral low-set dysplastic ears, a severe cardiac defect, rib and vertebral anomalies, and intestinal malrotation. Karyotype and metabolic investigations were normal. Some clinical overlap with Goldenhar syndrome is observed but the symmetry of the facial features makes this diagnosis difficult to sustain. We feel this case may represent a previously undescribed condition, arising from abnormal development of the first and second branchial arches during embryonic life.
Published: 2006
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50. Heterozygous missense mutations in SMARCA2 cause Nicolaides-Baraitser syndrome

Author: Alex Magee, Alma Kuechler, Livia Garavelli, Nora Shannon, Simone Gana, Fanny Morice-Picard, Elizabeth C. Rosser, Koenraad Devriendt, Joris Vermeesch, Isabel Filges, Patrick Van Dijck, Danny Huylebroeck, Małgorzata Krajewska-Walasek, Alejandro Sifrim, Stella A. de Man, Valérie Cormier-Daire, Yves Moreau, Antoine H. C. van Kampen, Marie José H. Van Den Boogaard, Catheline Vilain, Shane McKee, Ewa Obersztyn, Alan Fryer, Louise C. Wilson, Sérgio B. Sousa, Jacek Pilch, Saskia M. Maas, Orsetta Zuffardi, Raoul C.M. Hennekam, Bryan D. Hall, Dagmar Wieczorek, Annick Vogels, Kay D. MacDermot, Marco Castori, Eve Seuntjens, Jakub Klapecki, Denise Horn, Jean Pierre Fryns, Beata Nowakowska, Gabriele Gillessen-Kaesbach, Barbera D. C. van Schaik, Nelson Avonce, Matthew A. Deardorff, Armand Bottani, Irene Stolte-Dijkstra, Matthew A. Lines, Omar A. Abdul-Rahman, Jeroen Van Houdt, Emma Wakeling, Clinical Genetics, ACS - Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, AII - Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, AGEM - Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, ANS - Amsterdam Neuroscience, CCA -Cancer Center Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Human Genetics, Paediatric Genetics, APH - Amsterdam Public Health, and Paediatrics
Subjects: Adult, Male, Nonsynonymous substitution, EXPRESSION, Adolescent, Foot Deformities, Congenital, Transcription, Genetic, SEQUENCING DATA, Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone, ATPase, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Missense, Medizin, VARIANTS, Hypotrichosis, Chromatin remodeling, Young Adult, MOTIFS, DOMAIN, Intellectual Disability, Genes, Regulator, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Missense mutation, Amino Acid Sequence, HELICASE, Child, Coffin–Siris syndrome, Exome sequencing, Base Sequence, biology, Facies, Infant, Helicase, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly, medicine.disease, Molecular biology, CANCER, FAMILY, DELINEATION, Nicolaides–Baraitser syndrome, Child, Preschool, biology.protein, COMPLEXES, Sequence Alignment, Transcription Factors
Abstract: Nicolaides-Baraitser syndrome (NBS) is characterized by sparse hair, distinctive facial morphology, distal-limb anomalies and intellectual disability. We sequenced the exomes of ten individuals with NBS and identified heterozygous variants in SMARCA2 in eight of them. Extended molecular screening identified nonsynonymous SMARCA2 mutations in 36 of 44 individuals with NBS; these mutations were confirmed to be de novo when parental samples were available. SMARCA2 encodes the core catalytic unit of the SWI/SNF ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex that is involved in the regulation of gene transcription. The mutations cluster within sequences that encode ultra-conserved motifs in the catalytic ATPase region of the protein. These alterations likely do not impair SWI/SNF complex assembly but may be associated with disrupted ATPase activity. The identification of SMARCA2 mutations in humans provides insight into the function of the Snf2 helicase family.
Published: 2012
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