1. The impact of therapeutic-dose induced intestinal enrofloxacin concentrations in healthy pigs on fecal Escherichia coli populations
- Author
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Sofie Rutjens, Mathias Devreese, Patrick De Backer, Robin Temmerman, Siska Croubels, Filip Boyen, Freddy Haesebrouck, Geertrui Rasschaert, and Joren De Smet
- Subjects
Male ,SELECTION ,GENES ,Sus scrofa ,Population ,Administration, Oral ,Administration route ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,CIPROFLOXACIN ,Pharmacology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Antimicrobial resistance ,Injections, Intramuscular ,MECHANISMS ,Feces ,Therapeutic index ,Pharmacokinetics ,Drug Resistance, Bacterial ,medicine ,Enrofloxacin ,Escherichia coli ,Animals ,Veterinary Sciences ,education ,FLUOROQUINOLONE RESISTANCE ,education.field_of_study ,ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE ,lcsh:Veterinary medicine ,General Veterinary ,Chemistry ,Antimicrobials ,Microbiota ,ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE ,General Medicine ,Antimicrobial ,Gastrointestinal Contents ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Ciprofloxacin ,Dose ,lcsh:SF600-1100 ,Female ,QUINOLONE RESISTANCE ,LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY ,Research Article ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background Knowledge of therapy-induced intestinal tract concentrations of antimicrobials allows for interpretation and prediction of antimicrobial resistance selection within the intestinal microbiota. This study describes the impact of three different doses of enrofloxacin (ENR) and two different administration routes on the intestinal concentration of ENR and on the fecal Escherichia coli populations in pigs. Enrofloxacin was administered on three consecutive days to four different treatment groups. The groups either received an oral bolus administration of ENR (conventional or half dose) or an intramuscular administration (conventional or double dose). Results Quantitative analysis of fecal samples showed high ENR concentrations in all groups, ranging from 5.114 ± 1.272 μg/g up to 39.54 ± 10.43 μg/g at the end of the treatment period. In addition, analysis of the luminal intestinal content revealed an increase of ENR concentration from the proximal to the distal intestinal tract segments, with no significant effect of administration route. Fecal samples were also screened for resistance in E. coli isolates against ENR. Wild-type (MIC≤0.125 μg/mL) and non-wild-type (0.125 E. coli isolates were found at time 0 h. At the end of treatment (3 days) only non-wild-type isolates (MIC≥32 μg/mL) were found. Conclusions In conclusion, the observed intestinal ENR concentrations in all groups showed to be both theoretically (based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles) and effectively (in vivo measurement) capable of significantly reducing the intestinal E. coli wild-type population.
- Published
- 2020