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Background This study aimed to determine persistence, adherence, and time without therapy with cardiovascular medicines over all episodes of use among veterans following hospitalization for ischemic heart disease. Methods Retrospective cohort study using Department of Veterans' Affairs database including 9635 veterans with a hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction, angina, or ischemic heart disease, and who had been dispensed cardiovascular medicines in the 3 months posthospitalization. The main outcome measures were duration of first treatment episode, duration of overall treatment episode, and adherence with recommended therapies: angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), lipid-lowering therapy, calcium channel blockers (CCBs), β-blockers, and antiplatelet therapy. Results The median duration of overall treatment was 6.2 years [95% confidence interval (CI): 6.0-6.4] for lipid-lowering therapy, 5.4 years (95% CI: 5.1-5.5) for ACE inhibitors/ARBs, 5.0 years (95% CI: 4.8-5.1) for antiplatelets, 3.4 years (95% CI: 3.3-3.6) for β-blockers, and 2.8 years (95% CI: 2.6-3.0) for CCBs. Adherence was 72% for CCBs, 75% for ACE inhibitors/ARBs, 84% for lipid-lowering therapy, and 84% for antiplatelets other than aspirin. The median time without therapy was 4.5 months or less for ACE inhibitors/ARBs, antiplatelets, and lipid-lowering therapy. Conclusion Problems with medication adherence can relate to either persistence or compliance during treatment. This novel method provides a way to determine which of these factors is most problematic when considering chronic therapies. We found that Australian veterans with established cardiovascular disease are persistent with their cardiovascular therapy, with only small gaps in therapy.

Objective To determine the proportion of veterans with diabetes who had claims for recommended processes of diabetes care in 2005. Design Observational study of 19,810 veterans' dispensed medicines indicative of diabetes. Claims to the Department of Veterans' Affairs for HbA 1c , microalbuminuria, ophthalmology or optometry services, podiatry services, diabetes care plans, medication reviews, case conferences and GP management plans were assessed. Results Overall 63% had at least one HbA 1c claim in the year under review, while 40% had a microalbuminuria claim. The majority (87%) had a claim for an ophthalmology or optometry service, while two-thirds had a podiatry service claim. Only one-fifth had claims for an annual diabetes care plan. Just under half had a claim for any type of care plan, including medication review, discharge plan, case conference, GP management plan or health care plan. Veterans resident in aged-care facilities were significantly less likely to have claims for any of these services apart from medication review. Conclusions While administrative claims data may under-represent some processes of care carried out routinely in general practice, this study suggests under-utilisation of services for veterans with diabetes, particularly those resident in aged-care facilities.

Purpose This study characterised medication-related problems in 1000 Australian patients living in the community, and who were considered at risk of medication misadventure. Methods A review was undertaken of 1000 clinical case notes, developed during the delivery of medication management reviews. Patient demographics, medications used, medical conditions and medication-related problems were categorised according to established classification systems. Descriptive analyses were undertaken. Results Overall, 2222 problems were identified. Ninety per cent of patients had at least one medication-related problem. One in three people were found to require additional monitoring, one in four required additional medication, one in four were using the wrong or inappropriate medication and one in five were using insufficient medication. Cardiovascular, nervous system, alimentary and respiratory medicines were most commonly implicated, accounting for 69% of the medication-related problems. Conclusion This analysis reveals the need for ongoing vigilance of, and support for, people at high risk of medication misadventure. This information is also useful for informing the design of public health or health promotion strategies aiming to reduce the prevalence of these problems. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.