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Objective Pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) is a serious, recurrent disorder leading to severe functional impairment. As a first mood episode, index episode could affect the long-term course of the illness. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of youth with PBD from our multicenter, nationwide, naturalistic follow-up samples and to identify i) the effects of index mood episode and ii) the effect of previous antidepressant treatments on the age at mania-onset of PBD. Method The study sample consisted of 271 youth with BD-I followed by the child and adolescent psychiatry clinics of seven different university hospitals and three research state hospitals, representing six geographic regions across Turkey. All diagnoses were made according to structured interviews and all data were retrospectively obtained from clinical records by the clinicians. Results When patients with index depressive/mixed episodes (IDE, n=129) and patients with index (hypo)manic episodes (IME, n=142) were compared, the total number of mood episodes and rapid cycling feature were significantly higher in the IDE group than in the IME group. The Cox regression analysis adjusted for sociodemographic and illness characteristics revealed female adolescents in the IDE group treated with antidepressants were more likely to have an earlier onset of mania (hazard ratio=2.03, 95% confidence interval=1.31-3.12, p=0.001). Conclusion This is the first large-scale nationwide follow-up study in Turkey that indicated prior antidepressant treatments were associated with an earlier onset of mania in youth, particularly in adolescent females. Larger prospective studies are needed to identify neurodevelopmental processes underlying PBD and initiate prevention approaches.

Inflammation plays a substantial role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a cost-effective and simple indicator of inflammation, which it is widely used as a proxy of systemic inflammation. In this retrospective study, we investigated the relationship between NLR and early-onset schizophrenia. Hematologic parameters and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores were obtained from the medical records of 32 patients. NLR values and hematologic parameters were compared with 32 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The mean NLR was significantly higher in patients than in controls. The neutrophil count was significantly higher in the patient group; however, leukocyte, haemoglobin, lymphocyte, and platelet counts did not differ between groups. No significant correlation was found between PANSS scores and NLR in the patient group. Our findings suggest that elevated NLR is an inflammation biomarker that plays a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

INTRODUCTION[|]In this study we aimed to evaluate attitudes, attachment styles to their husbands and competence perceptions of the mothers towards their children's problems whose children were at pre-school period with no cognitive developmental delay.[¤]METHODS[|]40 children and their mothers were included into the study. The children were chosen among those who were aged between 0-72 months and had no developmental delay which was found out as a result of developmental test. As the control group, another 40 children and their mothers were included into the study. Child Adjustment and Parent Efficacy Scale (CAPES-TR) and Parent Attitude Research Instrument(PARI) were handed out to mothers in both groups. Finally, Experiences in Close Relationship Revised (ECC-R) was applied to mothers of both groups. SPSS 20 was used for statistical analysis. [¤]RESULTS[|]It was found that the most common reasons for admission were hyperactivity and bad-temper. It was found that peer-relationship problems and elimination disorders were more common in sample group compared to control group. According to CAPES-TR results, emotional, behavioural and social problems in the group that were admitted to psychiatry clinic were significantly higher than control group (p

10th International Congress on Psychopharmacology & 6th International Symposium on Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology[Abstract:0110] [Addiction]Cessation of cigarette smoking in adolescents: s...

10th International Congress on Psychopharmacology & 6th International Symposium on Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology[Abstract:0103][Mood disorders]A forgotten diagnosis: funeral maniaABSTRACT...

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) Level 2 Anger Scale. Methods: The scale was prepared by translation and back translation of DSM-5 Level 2 Anger Scale. Study groups consisted of a clinical sample of cases diagnosed with depressive disorder and treated in a child and adolescent psychiatry unit and a community sample. The study was continued with 218 children and 160 parents. In the assessment process, child and parent forms of DSM-5 Level 2 Anger Scale and Children’s Depression Inventory and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire-Parent Form were used. Results: In the reliability analyses, the Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient values were found very high regarding child and parent forms. Item-total score correlation coefficients were high and very high, respectively, for child and parent forms indicating a statistical significance. As for construct validity, one factor was maintained for each form and was found to be consistent with the original form of the scale. As for concurrent validity, the child form of the scale showed significant correlation with Children’s Depression Inventory, while the parent form showed significant correlation with Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire-Parent Form. Conclusion: It was found that the Turkish version of DSM-5 Level 2 Anger Scale could be utilized as a valid and reliable tool both in clinical practice and for research purposes. © 2017 by Turkish Association of Neuropsychiatry.

Kara, Halil ( Aksaray, Yazar ) Öztürk Kara, Deniz ( Aksaray, Yazar ), Amaç: Metabolik sendrom (METs) santral yağlanma, yüksek tansiyon, düşük seviyede yüksek yoğunluklu lipopro- tein (HDL) kolesterol, yükselmiş trigliserit(TG) ve hiperglisemi gibi bir dizi risk etkeninin birlikteliği şeklinde tanım- lanır. Metabolik sendrom yaygınlığı yetişkin popülasyonda birçok psikopatoloji ile hem artan belirti şiddeti düzeyin- de, hem de antidepresan kullanımı ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Çalışmamızda duygudurum ve psikotik bozukluğu olan çocuk ve ergenlerde METs özellikleri ve METs oluşumunda var olan psikiyatrik bozuklukların ve psikotrop kullanı- mının etkilerini araştırmayı amaçladık. Yöntem: Çalışmaya Ruhsal bozuklukların Tanısal ve Sayımsal El kitabı, yeniden gözden geçirilmiş dördüncü baskısı (DSM-IV-TR) tanı ölçütlerine göre bipolar bozukluk, şizofreni, şizoaffek- tif bozukluk ve şizofreniform bozukluğu olan 13-20 yaşları arasındaki 30 hasta ve psikiyatrik bozukluğu olmayan 30 sağlıklı kontrol grubu çocuk ve ergen alınmıştır. Katılımcıların antropometrik ölçümleri (vücut ağırlığı, boy, bel çevresi, beden kitle indeksi-BKİ) yanında kan basıncı ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Katılımcıların total kolesterol, trigliserit, HDL, düşük yoğunluklu lipoprotein (LDL) değerleri ve açlık kan şekeri (AKŞ) düzeyleri ölçülerek, tüm verilerin değer- lendirilmesi sonucunda METs tanısı International Diabetes Foundation (IDF) ölçütleri temel alınarak konulmuştur. Bulgular: Çalışmamızda tüm örneklem grubumuzda METs oranı %20 (n=12) olarak belirlendi. Bunlardan dokuzu (%27) olgu grubunda, üçü (%10) kontrol grubunda idi. METs grubunun BKİ değeri, ortalama ağırlık, bel çevresi uzunluğu, serum trigliserit ve AKŞ değerleri kontrol grubundan istatistiksel olarak yüksek bulunmuştur. Ayrıca duygudurum düzenleyici ilaçların kullanımının METs gelişmesine istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisi olduğu saptan- mıştır. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda çocuk ve ergenlerde psikiyatrik bozuklukların ve antipsikotik kullanımının metabolik düzenlemeyi bozduğu ve METs için risk oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir. Bulgularımızın özellikle METs açısından risk taşıyan çocuk ve ergenlerde antipsikotik kullanımına yeni yaklaşımlar sağlayacağı kanısındayız., Objective: Metabolic syndrome (METS) is described as cluster of risk factors including central obesity, hyperten- sion, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL), hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia. The prevalence of METs has been associated with increased symptom severity and antidepressants utilization in many psychopathologies among adult population. We aimed to evaluate the effect of psychopathologies and antipsychotics in METs devel- opment, additionally to determine METs characteristics in children and adolescents diagnosed with bipolar and psychotic disorders. Methods: Thirty children and adolescents aged between 13-20 years old of whom were diag- nosed with bipolar mood disorders, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and schizophreniform according to Diag- nostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria were compared with a 30 healthy children and adolescents in present study. The anthropometric measurements including body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) as well as blood pressure measurements were documented. In addition, total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), HDL, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were measured and METs assessed according to the IDF (International Diabetes Foundation) criteria in participants. Results: Overall the prevalence of METs was 20% (n=12) in our study. Among the METs patients, nine were (27%) in the case group, three were (10%) were in control group. The mean BMI, body weight, WC, serum TG and FBG values of the METs group were found to be statistically higher than the healthy control group. Moreover it was also found that utilization of mood-stabilizing drugs has a statistically significant effect on the development of METs. Conclusion: Psychopathologies and antipsychotic utilization have associated with an increased risk for the development of metabolic disorders and METs in the children and adolescents population. In this respect our findings may provide a new approach with the management of treatment strategies particularly in children and adolescents with high risk of METs.

Objective This study aimed to assess the possible association of high breast milk sodium levels with postpartum depression and anxiety. Methods A total of 150 mothers and their healthy, exclusively breastfed newborns aged 8 to 15 days were recruited. Mothers were asked to complete scales for evaluation of postnatal depression and anxiety following an interview for consent and sociodemographic data collection. Breast milk samples were obtained to measure sodium and potassium (K) levels. Results Forty-nine mothers had higher than expected breast milk Na concentrations and a high Na/K ratio. These mothers scored significantly higher on the scales of postnatal depression and state anxiety ( P = 0.018 and P = 0.048, respectively). Conclusions This study shows that compared to normal breast milk Na levels and Na/K ratio, high breast milk Na and high Na/K ratio, with possible serious consequences in infants, are associated with maternal depressive and anxious symptoms in the postpartum period.

Objective: In this study, levels of sodium (Na) and sodium/potassium ratio (Na/K), which are considered as indicators of successful lactation, and their relationships with the mothers and their babies' sociodemographic features, psychosocial risk factors of mothers and their adult type attachment styles were aimed to be investigated.

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of The DSM-5 Level 2 Depression Scale. Method: The study group included a case group that consisted of a clinical sample diagnosed with depressive disorder that continued treatment in a child and adolescent psychiatry unit and a community sample. The study was carried out with 218 children and 160 parents. The Child Depression Inventory and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire- Parent Form were used along with the DSM-5 Level 2 Depression Scale for assessment. Results: In reliability analyses, Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient was found to be very high for child and parent forms (0.965/0.952). Item- total score correlation coefficients are high and very high, respectively and were found to be consistent with the original structure of the scale (0.725 and 0.864 for child form- 0.644 and 0.839 for parent form) As for concurrent validity, child form had a high correlation with the Childrens Depression Inventory while parent form had a significant correlation with Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire- Parent Form (r=0.853 p [JCBPR 2017; 6(1.000): 15-21]

Objective: The aim of the study is to define and compare individual and family characteristics, occurrence as well as the consequences of the abuse and forensic processes of children who are victims of extra and intra-familial child sexual abuse. Methods: Data was collected by retrospective chart review of 182 cases who had admitted to a child and adolescent psychiatry clinic between 2010 and 2012 for forensic evaluation due to being victims of child sexual abuse. Following data collection cases were grouped into two; 139 children and adolescent as extrafamilial and 43 cases as intra-familial child sexual abuse. Analysis of data was performed accordingly. Results: Girls were more commonly sexually abused in both groups. In the intra-familial group, mean ages of children and their parents were significantly lower. Biological father was the most common offender in the intra-familial sexual abuse group Children in the extra-familial sexual abuse group had significantly lower intelligences quotients and were not attending school. Time between the occurrence of the abuse and the forensic evaluation was significantly longer in the intra-familial group. Withdrawal of the claim was only present in the intrafamilial sexual abuse group. In both groups physical abuse accompanying sexual abuse were significantly more common in male victims. Mean age under 12 years, intelligence level and psychiatric morbidity within the family were found to be the predictors of intrafamilial sexual child abuse. Discussion: This study displays that 1/4 of child sexual abuse is in the form of incest, known to have significantly more detonating effects on the victims. It takes longer to identify the cases of incest and its deleterious effects are more implicit. Extended and expansive research on child sexual abuse, especially incest, necessitates.