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Background An updated meta-analysis was performed to clarify the effects of TGF-β1 T869C polymorphism on the risk of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in the Chinese population. Methods The studies were searched using PubMed, Springer Link, Ovid, Chinese Wanfang Data Knowledge Ser-vice Platform, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Chinese Biology Medicine (CBM) up to October 2018. Results A total of 8 studies including 1,075 DN cases, 610 healthy controls, and 901 diabetes mellitus (DM) con-trols were involved in this meta-analysis. Overall, a significantly decreased risk of DN was associated with all vari-ants of TGF-β1 T869C when compared with the healthy group (T vs. C, OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.61 - 0.83; TT vs. CC, OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.37 - 0.69; TT + CT vs. CC, OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.51 - 0.82; TT vs. CC + CT, OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.48 - 0.82) or DM (T vs. C, OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.56 - 0.76; TT vs. CC, OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.17 - 0.55; TT + CT vs. CC, OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.54 - 0.84; TT vs. CC + CT, OR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.13 - 0.55), as well as their combinations (T vs. C, OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.60 - 0.76; TT vs. CC, OR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.21 - 0.56; TT + CT vs. CC, OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.56 - 0.80; TT vs. CC + CT, OR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.17 - 0.57). The sub-group analyses stratified by geographic areas revealed significant results in South China. Conclusions This meta-analysis showed that the TGF-β1 T869C variants may influence DN risk in Chinese, and further studies with gene-gene and gene-environment interactions are required to confirm this conclusion.

To explore the association of Chinese medicine constitution susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy (DN) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (T869C) gene polymorphism.TGF-β1 gene polymorphism detected with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was screened for 180 DN cases and 180 type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) cases without combined DN. Patients with DN were surveyed epidemiologically with constitution in the Chinese medicine questionnaire (CCMQ). Binary logistic regression analysis was utilized to study the correlation between nine types of Chinese medicine constitution and TGF-β1 (T869C) gene polymorphisms.The DN group has a higher frequency of TGF-β1 (T869C) gene polymorphism than the T2DM group, and CC/CT genotypes than the T2DM group [CC, CT, TT (DN group): 88, 87, 5 (cases) versus (T2DM group) 71, 73, 36 (cases), P0.05]. The phlegm-dampness constitution, damp-heat constitution, and blood stasis constitution have correlations with TGF-β1 (T869C) gene polymorphism.Chinese medicine constitutions were associated with TGF-β1 (T869C) gene polymorphism, a potential predictor of susceptibility to DN in T2DM patients.

Background Abnormal expression of serum TGF-β1 was found in patients with diabetic nephropathy. However, the association of TGF-β1 with the risk of diabetic nephropathy remains unknown. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether such an association exists. Methods We searched the Chinese VIP, Wangfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar databases for relevant studies and extracted all eligible data. Stata12 software was used for statistical analysis. Results Nine reports met our criteria and were used for data extraction. There were 264 patients and 227 healthy controls from qualified reports in this meta-analysis. The results suggested that serum TGF-β1 levels were significantly up-regulated in patients with diabetic nephropathy; the instrumental variable was 3.94 (95% confidence interval 3.20–4.68, p

To explore the relationship between Chinese medicine (CM) constitutive susceptibility and syndrome diversity in diabetic nephropathy (DN).Epidemiologic investigation on constitution adopting the "Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire" (CCMQ), and survey on syndrome type by CM syndrome scale (preliminary) were carried out in 180 DN patients. Cluster analysis on symptom items was used to determine the syndrome type, and canonical correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between patients' constitution and syndrome.Baseline levels in all enrolled patients were not different statistically. Cluster analysis showed 8 syndromes existed in DN patients, namely: I, qi-yin deficiency with qi-stagnancy type; II, yin-yang deficiency with heat-water-blood stasis type; III, qi-yin deficiency with dampness-heat type; IV, yin-yang deficiency with blood-stasis and heat type; V, qi-yin deficiency with stagnant heat type; VI, yin-yang deficiency with inner dampness-heat stagnancy type; VII, yin deficiency with heat stagnancy type; and VIII, Kidney (Shen)-Spleen (Pi) deficiency with stagnant heat type. Correlation analysis on the 8 syndromes and the 9 constitutions showed statistical significant correlations between syndrome III and dampness-heat constitution (P=0.0001); syndrome IV and blood-stasis constitution (P=0.0001); and syndrome VII and yin-deficiency constitution (P=0.0180).Certain relationship revealed between CM constitutions and syndrome types; constitution decides the disease genesis, its syndrome type and prognosis, as well as the change of syndromes.