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Current requirements for the registration of agrochemicals, particularly in the U.S.A., often require the provision of dermal absorption data. In this process the rat is often used and complex in vivo studies, using large numbers of animals, are performed. We have compared the data obtained from in vivo and in vitro dermal absorption studies using eight pesticides with a range of physicochemical properties. Measurements were made of the 14C-labeled pesticides which could be washed from the skin, were associated with (on/in) skin, or absorbed through the skin following dermal applications in vivo and in vitro at various time points over a 24-hr exposure period. Good agreement was found between the amounts washed from and associated with the skin in vivo and in vitro. Over the time period 4-24 hr after application the in vitro experiments predicted the in vivo absorption within a factor of 2-3. These results show that, with a range of pesticide molecules, the in vitro method accurately predicted in vivo absorption supporting the utilization of the in vitro method for risk assessment from exposure to pesticides and other chemicals.

This study was performed to evaluate the changes in physiological responses to task performance in trained male and female subjects while stoopwalking in increasingly bent postures. Following a 10-day training program, 5 male and 5 female subjects stoopwalked at heights corresponding to 100, 90, 80, and 70 percent of each subjects normal upright stature at speeds of 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 miles per hour. Physiological variables were equilibrium heart rate, ventilation volume, weight adjusted oxygen uptake, and the percentage of work capacity required for task performance. A MANOVA analysis of the dependent variables showed there to be a significant sex difference in the composite response to task performance. Univariate ANOVA and discrimate analyses performed on the dependent variables showed that this difference was due to females experiencing significantly greater heart rates than the males, and greater, but not significantly so, percentages of work capacity to perform the same task loadings as the males.

This article discusses an experimental approach to the correlation of some mechanical measures of work with some physiological measures of work for a task performed by the upper limb. The seven mechanical measures of work considered were velocity and acceleration of movement, total mechanical energy, force, torque, linear impulse, and angular impulse. The three physiological measures were pulmonary ventilation rate, pulse rate, and oxygen consumption. Pulmonary ventilation rate was found to correlate best with all the mechanical measures, with shoulder angular impulse and average shoulder torque having the highest correlation of the mechanical measures (r = 0.53).

Incidence de l'inhalation volontaire de substances volatiles (colles, solvants, aerosol, gaz combustibles, derives de l'essence, hydrocarbures chlores, anesthesiques volatils) au Royaume-Uni. Toxicite aigue et chronique, neurologique ou non. Mecanisme de mort subite. Diagnostic, traitement et prevention