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Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT) is challenging. Data on extramedullary relapse (EMR) after allo-HCT are limited. We analyzed 215 patients with AML who underwent allo-HCT in our institution between January 2005 and December 2015. We limited this retrospective review to patients who received a MA conditioning, were in complete remission (CR) at the time of transplant and who received a matched sibling transplant, all other patients were excluded to avoid heterogeneity. Seventy-seven (35.8%) patients experienced disease relapse, 45 had BMR, and 32 had EMR. The only variable that was statistically associated with EMR post allo-HCT was male sex (OR = 3.2 (1.2, 8.2), p-value = 0.01); there was a trend for association between transplant in >CR2 and EMR (OR = 0.38 (0.14, 1.06), p-value = 0.06). The median overall survival (OS) after relapse for all relapses was 10 months (95% CI 4.839–15.161). The median OS for BMR group was 8 months (95% CI 2.850–13.150) and 14 months for the EMR group (95% CI 5.776–22.224); however, this was not statistically significant, p-value = 0.4. Multivariate analysis revealed that gender, treatment modality, and time from allo-HCT to relapse (≥12 vs.

BACKGROUND: Multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) has increasingly been used for measurable residual disease (MRD) assessment in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), while next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based MRD monitoring tool is in clinical development for its application. Clonal hematopoiesis (CH), in which leukemia-associated somatic mutations gene are present in individuals with no apparent hematologic disease, adds a challenge in the detection of MRD. In patients with AML, CH could be potentially pre-leukemic, while persistent mutations in DNMT3A, TET2 orASXL1 (DTA) in remission marrow are usually removed from the analysis of residual leukemic cells. However, reports suggest that persistent DTA mutations in remission may be correlated with an increased relapse risk. In the patients with DTA mutations, the use of NGS for MRD monitoring is limited or modified due to the presence of CH clone in the remission marrow. We evaluated whether MFC-MRD can be adjunctive to predict the risk of AML relapse in this population of 221 patients with DTA mutation (DNMT3A (n=123), ASXL1 (n=56) or TET2 (n=100). METHODS: The present study evaluated long-term outcomes in AML patients who achieved first complete remission (CR1) and compared outcomes according to MFC-based MRD status (was defined as negative if patients achieved 0.1 or less) assessed at the time of CR1. A total of 435 patients diagnosed with AML and treated with induction chemotherapy between 2015 and 2018 were included. MFC-MRD was assessed in 336 patients in CR1 (77%). NGS was performed using samples obtained at the time of initial diagnosis and used for mutational subgroup classification. Overall survival (OS) was calculated as the date of CR1 to the date of death and censored on the date of the last follow-up. Relapse-free survival (RFS) was defined as the time from the date of CR1 to the date of relapse or death from any cause. Cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) and non-relapse mortality (NRM) were calculated considering competing risk. The Kaplan-Meier method using a log-rank test and a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model was used for analyses of time-to-event endpoints. For CIR and NRM, Gray test was performed for the risk factors and the Fine-Gray model was adopted for the multivariate model. RESULTS: According to the MFC-MRD status, i.e., the group with positive MRD (MRDpos; n=118, 35%) vs. those with negative MRD (MRDneg; n=218, 65%), we evaluated OS, RFS, and CIR. The MFC-MRDneg group showed better OS at 2 years 67.0% than the MFC-MRDpos group 40.7% (p We divided the groups according to the number of induction treatment courses, AML type, cytogenetics risk, and age ( Also, we evaluated MFC-MRD status at CR by mutational profile subgroup. Long-term outcomes such as OS, RFS, CIR or NRM were compared by the mutational subgroup. It consistently showed a trend of superior OS, RFS and lower risk of CIR in patients with MFC-MRDneg compared to MFC-MRDposTab1. Of interest, in the subgroup of patients carrying any DTA mutations (n=221), those with MFC-MRDneg (n=103) showed better OS (HR 1.61 [1.01-2.55%]; p=0.042), RFS (HR 1.66 [1.06-2.61%]; p=0.026) and CIR (HR 1.99[1.03-3.83%]; p=0.04) compared to those MFC-MRDpos (n=64; Fig 1). Multivariate analysis confirmed that the MFC-MRDneg is an independent prognostic factor in patients with DTAmutwith respect to OS: MFC-MRDpos (HR 1.63, p=0.04) and age (≥60; HR 2.04, p=0.008) for OS; for RFS, MFC-MRDpos (HR 1.71, p=0.02) and age (≥60; HR 2.32, p= 0.001); for CIR, MFC-MRDpos (HR 2.31, p=0.01) and HCT (HR 0.14, p= Conclusion: These findings suggest that in AML patients with DTAmut, MFC-MRD status at the time of remission assessment can be a tool for MRD assessment when NGS-based MRD assessment is limited. Further study is strongly warranted to reach a clearer conclusion with multiple cohorts. Disclosures Schimmer: Takeda: Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria; Jazz: Honoraria; Otsuka: Honoraria; Medivir AB: Research Funding; AbbVie Pharmaceuticals: Other: owns stock . Tierens:Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Astellas Pharma: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. McNamara:Novartis: Honoraria. Maze:Pfizer: Consultancy; Novartis: Honoraria; Takeda: Research Funding. Gupta:Pfizer: Consultancy; Bristol MyersSquibb: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Sierra Oncology: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Incyte: Honoraria, Research Funding.

Introduction: Clinical outcomes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in adolescents and young adults (AYA) are rarely reported as an isolated subgroup. Treatments vary little across age groups, and treatment intensity depends upon comorbid conditions and performance status. Optimal treatment strategies focused on disease behavior, biological factors, and the distinct needs of this subset of AML patients remain elusive. The purpose of this retrospective analysis is to determine the characteristics and outcomes of AYA AML patients treated at a specialized adult leukemia cancer center in comparison to older adults with AML (40-60 years). Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on all patients treated at Princess Margaret Cancer Center from 2008-2018. Patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia were excluded. Clinical characteristics, treatment strategies, and survival outcomes were recorded for all patients. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method and the impact of covariates were assessed using the Log-rank test. Finally, we compared the outcomes of AYA patients treated at our centre between 2015-2018 with older patients. Results: A total of 175 patients aged 18-39 were identified. Patient characteristics are shown in (Table 1). Cytogenetic were available in 163 patients. Based on MRC criteria, 27 (16%) were favorable risk, intermediate in 95 (54%), adverse in 39 (22%), and missing/failed in 14(8%). NPM1 status was available in 110 patients of whom 38 (35%) were positive. FLT3-ITD was available in 67 patients with 24 (36%) positive. Both mutations were present in 13 (54%) patients. There were no significant differences in terms of risk stratification based on cytogenetic and molecular markers based on age (18-29 vs.30-39) (P= 0.98). Most patients 172 (98%) received induction, 157 (91%) with 3+7, and 15 (9%) with FLAG-IDA. Complete remission (CR) was achieved in 133 (77%) after first induction [120 (76%) after 3+7 and 11 (73%) after FLAG-IDA]. Induction related mortality was low (2%). Of the 39 who did not achieve CR, thirty-four patients received re-induction (13 FLAG-IDA, 16 NOVE-HiDAC, 5 others) with CR in 21 (62%). Overall, 154 (89.5%) achieved CR1. Sixty-four (42%) proceeded to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in CR1. 59 (38%) patients relapsed in CR1 with 8 (12%) relapsing post HSCT. Fifty-five (5 post HSCT) patients received reinduction with 30 (51%) (2 after HSCT) achieving CR2. Fifteen patients received HSCT in CR2. OS and DFS at 2 years were 62% (95% CI 0.53-0.69) and 50% (95% CI 0.41-0.57), respectively. Stratified by cytogenetic risk, OS was 81% for favorable risk, 61% for intermediate, and 50% for adverse risk (P=0.0001), respectively. DFS in these groups was 85%, 57%, and 46 % (P=0.0025), respectively. We further compared outcomes in the 18-29y and 30-39y age groups. The OS was 61.9% compared to 62.5% (P=0.91) and DFS of 52.1% compared to 47% (P=0.65) respectively. On univariate analysis for OS and DFS, cytogenetic risk stratification was the only significant variable (P=0.0004 and P=0.0042). We then compared the outcomes 67 sequential patients aged I8-39 treated from 2014-2018, with those of 176 sequential patients aged 40-60 treated during the same period (table 2). OS at 2 years was not statistically higher in the younger group compared to the older group (66.7% vs. 61.2%, P=0.372). While relapse rate was lower in older patients (15.5% vs. 22.6%, P=0.093), NRM was higher in older patients (29.7% vs. 18.8%,P=0.094). Conclusion: AYA pts. occupy a unique niche amongst AML as a whole. While treatment responses have improved in general, there may be potential for further gains in these patients. Increased tolerance for more intense treatment strategies as well as the incorporation of novel agents into standard treatment protocols may provide a means to optimize care in AYA patients. Finally, research is needed to elucidate biological mechanisms and predictors of disease behavior instead of arbitrary, age-stratified treatment schema. Disclosures McNamara: Novartis Pharmaceutical Canada Inc.: Consultancy. Schimmer:Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Medivir Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Novartis Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Otsuka Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy. Schuh:Astellas: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AbbVie: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pfizer: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Teva Canada Innovation: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Agios: Honoraria; Jazz: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Maze:Pfizer Inc: Consultancy; Novartis: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Yee:Astellas: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Millennium: Research Funding; Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Astex: Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Merck: Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; MedImmune: Research Funding; Pfizer: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Hoffman La Roche: Research Funding. Minden:Trillium Therapetuics: Other: licensing agreement. Gupta:Incyte: Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Sierra Oncology: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.