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In this article, we describe an efficient method for testing both auditory receptor and auditory nerve function in a single recording session. Auditory receptor function is tested in response to pure tone, tone burst and click acoustic stimuli (i.e. distortion products of otoacoustic emissions, DPOAE; and auditory-evoked brainstem responses, ABR). The function of the auditory neurons and nerve is measured in response to direct electric current stimulation (i.e. electrically evoked auditory brainstem responses, eABR). All measurements were obtained from anesthetized laboratory rats during single recording sessions using hardware and software stimulation and analysis programs developed by Intelligent Hearing Systems, Miami, FL.

Colonic ischemia is the most common form of intestinal ischemia. It results from reduction in blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract, which, when prolonged, brings a spectrum of gross and microscopic changes in the affected intestinal wall. Clinical presentations range from asymptomatic to acute and fulminant, and outcomes from reversible to chronic and progressive or fulminant, with high morbidity and low mortality. This article presents an overview of colonic ischemia and discusses potential changes in imaging and treatment.