1. Malaria elimination using the 1-3-7 approach: lessons from Sampov Loun, Cambodia
- Author
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Lek Dysoley, Top Samphornarann, Siv Sovannaroth, Lawrence M. Barat, Colleen Longacre, Soy Ty Kheang, Gunawardena Dissanayake, John E. Gimnig, Seak Kong Meng, Ly Po, Sokomar Nguon, Bryan K. Kapella, Rida Slot, Neeraj Kak, and Hala Jassim AlMossawi
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Insecticides ,030231 tropical medicine ,Population ,Psychological intervention ,Malaria elimination ,Disclosure ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Environmental health ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Humans ,Mass Screening ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Disease Eradication ,Insecticide-Treated Bednets ,Malaria, Falciparum ,education ,Index case ,Health Education ,education.field_of_study ,Family Characteristics ,Microscopy ,Surveillance ,business.industry ,Public health ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Incidence ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,medicine.disease ,Malaria ,1-3-7 approach ,Treatment Outcome ,Technical Advance ,Population Surveillance ,Health education ,Female ,Biostatistics ,business ,Cambodia - Abstract
Background Cambodia has targeted malaria elimination within its territory by 2025 and is developing a model elimination package of strategies and interventions designed to achieve this goal. Methods Cambodia adopted a simplified 1-3-7 surveillance model in the Sampov Loun operational health district in western Cambodia beginning in July 2015. The 1-3-7 approach targets reporting of confirmed cases within one day, investigation of specific cases within three days, and targeted control measures to prevent further transmission within seven days. In Sampov Loun, response measures included reactive case detection (testing of co-travelers, household contacts and family members, and surrounding households with suspected malaria cases), and provision of health education, and insecticide-treated nets. Day 28 follow up microscopy was conducted for all confirmed P. falciparum and P. falciparum-mixed-species malaria cases to assess treatment efficacy. Results The number of confirmed malaria cases in the district fell from 519 in 2015 to 181 in 2017, and the annual parasite incidence (API) in the district fell from 3.21 per 1000 population to 1.06 per 1000 population. The last locally transmitted case of malaria in Sampov Loun was identified in March 2016. In response to the 408 index cases identified, 1377 contacts were screened, resulting in the identification of 14 positive cases. All positive cases occurred among index case co-travelers. Conclusion The experience of the 1-3-7 approach in Sampov Loun indicates that the basic essential malaria elimination package can be feasibly implemented at the operational district level to achieve the goal of malaria elimination in Cambodia and has provided essential information that has led to the refinement of this package.
- Published
- 2020