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Exophthalmos with bulging and edema of both eyes was detected as an unusual and unregistered sign of Mycoplasma wenyonii infection in cross-bred newborn calves in Basrah, Iraq. Three male cross-bred calves 4- 10 days old, show different clinical signs, A blood sample of 2.5 mL was drawn from the jugular vein of each newborn calf in. The blood was mixed with EDTA to obtain the total erythrocyte count, level of Hemoglobin, packed cell volume, total leukocyte count using automatic fully digital cell counter. The stained blood smears were used for detection of the microorganism, Moreover, the microorganism was confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction technique . Exophthalmos in diseased newborn calves can affect both eyes (bilateral) or only one eye (unilateral). Furthermore, calves also showed increased abdominal respiration with panting, recumbency, inability to stand, pale mucus membranes, small hemorrhagic patches on the skin, and enlargement of superficial lymph nodes. Vital signs were also increased (body temperature, respiratory and heart rates). It has been concluded that the exophalmous of eyes in infected animals with Mycoplasma wenyonii should be added as a new clinical sign through which the disease can be suspected and inferred.

Polioencephalomalacia caused by thiamine deficiency in sheep of Barash province have been diagnosed. This current research was conducted on 44 local sheep breeds 1-3 years old and of both sexes reared in Basrah province. Ten clinically normal local sheep breeds were selected as controls. Diseased animals show various clinical manifestations, Such as Anorexia and head pressing, Muscular tremors. Moreover, diseased sheep show signs of opisthotonus and nystagmus, incoordination and ataxia, Furthermore, 41% of the diseased sheep show circling with lateral deviation of the head, recumbency and inability to stand. However, 18.1% of the diseased sheep exhibit blindness. Moreover, significant increase was detected in respiratory and heart rate of diseased animals in comparison with controls, but ruminal motility was decreased significantly in affected animals compared to controls. Additionally, considerable changes were detected in biochemical parameters of affected sheep in comparison with controls. The results of cross pathological features and histopathological examination of dying or slaughtered sheep show pale discoloration of the dorsal cerebral cortex, especially the occipital lobes, which might indicate a necrosis. However, gross lesions might also represent flattening of cerebral gyri, hemorrhages, necrosis to cavitations in the gray matter of the occipital and temporal regions. Further, histopathological examinations revealed gliosis as well to vacuolative changes of some neurons, Moreover, sections of the white matter of brain showed also gliosis with wallerian degeneration of some neuronal axons, Furthermore, sections were also indicated a severe vaculation of neuronal cell body and central chromatolysis of some neurons.