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Introduction The purpose of this study was to identify the relation of daily prosthesis usage time (DPUT) of individuals with amputation with quality of life (QoL) questionnaires. Methods The research was carried out on 125 individuals with amputation. Prosthetic-related parameters were searched, as well as demographic data. A generic (Nottingham Health Profile [NHP]) questionnaire and a questionnaire specific to individuals with amputation (Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales [TAPES]) QoL measurements were used. Results Ninety-one males and 28 females with a mean age of 42.4 ± 14.7 years participated in the study. The average DPUT was 11.1 ± 4.4 hrs/d. Study results showed that there was significant correlation between both of the QoL questionnaires (NHP and TAPES) and DPUT. High correlation was determined between DPUT and NHP total score and NHP-Pain, and very high correlation was found between DPUT and NHP-Physical Activity subscale. A moderate negative correlation was found between DPUT and NHP-Energy Level, NHP-Emotional Reaction, NHP-Social Isolation, and NHP-Sleep. A moderate negative correlation was found between DPUT and TAPES-Activity Restriction. A high correlation was found between DPUT and residual limb pain, prosthetic satisfaction, time interval after amputation, and number of prosthetic fittings. A moderate correlation was found between DPUT and walking aids, whereas a poor relationship was shown between phantom pain and DPUT. Conclusions This study showed that "the average DPUT"may be used in terms of short assessment of QoL of individuals with amputation. The outcomes of this study pointed out that especially prosthetic-related parameters affected the QoL in individuals with amputation. In problems resulting from routine assessment and questionnaires having so many items, a single-item question, "the average DPUT,"may be used effectively in a shorter period and is helpful for organizing a rehabilitation program. Clinical Relevance A single-item question, "The average daily prosthesis usage time (DPUT),"be used effectively in a shorter assessment of quality of life of individuals with amputation and is helpful for organizing a rehabilitation program. © Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Zeytin ağacı yetiştiriciliği ve zeytin işleme endüstrisinin yan ürünlerinden biri olan zeytin yaprağı yüzyıllar boyunca geleneksel halk hekimliğinde kullanılmıştır. Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalarda ise zeytin yaprağının birçok biyoaktiviteye sahip olduğu belirlenmiş ve bu etkiler içeriğinde bulunan yüksek fenolik bileşik miktarı ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Zeytin yaprağında bulunan en baskın fenolik bileşik elenolik asit ve 3,4-dihidroksifeniletanolün heterozidik esteri olan oleuropeindir. Bundan dolayı, zeytin yaprağından katma değeri yüksek bileşiklerin ekstrakte edilmesine yönelik bazı çalışmalar gerçekleştirilmiş ve elde edilen ham fenolik ekstrakt ve oleuropeinin antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri incelenmiştir. Ayrıca sentetik gıda koruyucularının yan etkisi ve toksisitesine karşı şüphelerin artmasından dolayı zeytin yaprağı ekstraktı ve oleuropeinin gıda sanayiinde kullanım olanaklarının arttırılmasına yönelik bazı çalışmalarda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu derlemede, zeytin yaprağı fenolik bileşikleri ve zeytin yaprağından fenolik bileşik ekstraksiyonu, zeytin yaprağı ekstraktı ve oleuropeinin antioksidan kapasitesi, antimikrobiyal aktivitesi ile gıdalarda kullanım olanaklarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Background The shoulder joint is immobilized in various positions after injury or reconstructive operative intervention. It is not clear how these immobilization positions in the shoulder joint affect gait. Research question Does the immobilized shoulder joint in different positions following shoulder surgery or injury affect gait? Methods A total of 38 healthy individuals with a mean age of 25.94 years and BMI of 25.66 kg/m2, underwent gait analysis in 4 different immobilized positions and normal gait. Gait parameters were evaluated using the GAITRite electronic walkway, and to determine symmetry, the bilateral spatiotemporal gait parameters were calculated using the Symmetry Index. Repeated-measures one way analysis of variance was used to compare the walking parameters in different positions. Results Velocity, step length and stride length were significantly decreased, and step width and single support time were increased in some immobilized positions (p Significance This cross-sectional simulation study may be important in demonstrating the clinical changes of gait in injuries, pathologies, and postoperative rehabilitation that require the immobilization of the shoulder joint. It could be recommended that arm swing is included in gait rehabilitation, gait and balance training can be provided to patients after shoulder immobilization.

Introduction Gait impairment is commonly seen in patients with a lower limb burn injury (LLBI). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two different gait training modes on gait symmetry, functional mobility and kinesiophobia in patients with LLBI. Methods This matched control study was conducted between January 2017 and August 2018. Patients with LLBI (n = 28) were allocated to 2 different groups by matching according to burn localization, age, and gender. Group 1 (overground group: n = 14) received overground gait training in addition to standard burn rehabilitation, and Group 2 (treadmill group: n = 14) received treadmill gait training in addition to standard burn rehabilitation. The rehabilitation program and gait training were started when the patient was admitted to the hospital and ended on discharge. These physical therapy interventions were performed 5 days per week. The gait training intensity, including walking speed and duration, was determined according to patient tolerance. Gait parameters, functional mobility, kinesiophobia and pain values were evaluated with GAITRite, the timed up-and-go test (TUG), Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale and Visual Analogue Scale, respectively. These evaluations were made twice; on admission and immediately prior to discharge. Gait symmetry was calculated using the Symmetry Index. Results The baseline characteristics of the groups and initial outcome values were similar. In the comparison of the differences between the overground and treadmill groups, the change in kinesiophobia and TUG values were significantly higher in the treadmill group (p = 0.01, p = 0.02, respectively). The intragroup comparisons showed significant differences in SI in respect of step length (p = 0.004), swing (p = 0.006), stance (p = 0.008) and velocity (p = 0.001), cadence (p = 0.001), TUG (p = 0.001), kinesiophobia (p = 0.001) and pain (p = 0.001) in the overground group. Statistically significant differences were determined in step length (p = 0.01), swing (p = 0.01), stance (p = 0.02) and velocity (p = 0.001), cadence (p = 0.001), TUG (p = 0.001), kinesiophobia (p = 0.001) and pain (p = 0.001) in the treadmill group, when pre and post-training values were compared. Conclusions The results of this study have shown that treadmill gait training was more effective in the improvement of functional mobility and reduction in kinesiophobia levels of patients with LLBI compared to overground gait training. Both overground and treadmill gait training also provide greater improvements in the velocity and cadence, and gait symmetry for step length, swing and stance in patients with LLBI. Clinical trial registration number NCT03217526.

Introduction Severe complications which may cause impaired physical functions of the lower limb can often develop in the long term following a burn injury which includes the lower extremity. The purpose of this study was to clarify the clinical determinants of lower limb functional status, functional mobility and exercise capacity in moderate/major burns at 3 - 6 months following the injury. Methods The study included 42 burn patients, comprising 12 with moderate injury and 30 with major injury, aged 19-59 years old. The Lower Limb Functional Index was used to determine the lower limb functional status. Functional mobility and exercise capacity were evaluated with the Timed Up and Go test and the 6-minute walk test, respectively. Scar quality and kinesiophobia were assessed with the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) and the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, respectively. The active range of motion (ROM) was measured with a universal goniometer. Results Significant and independent predictors of lower limb functional status, functional mobility and exercise capacity were determined to be the POSAS, kinesiophobia level, gender, burn injury severity, the number of operations and the presence of burn injury in any of the lower limb joints, knee ROM limitations, comorbidities, and trunk burn injury (p Conclusions Burn injury characteristics and clinical evaluations of patients are important determinants of the lower limb functional status, mobility and exercise capacity in burn patients. These predictors should be considered to improve physical functions related to the lower limb when creating a personalized rehabilitation program.

Purpose: Gait variability is a determinant of qualified locomotion and is useful for monitoring the effects of therapeutic interventions. The aim of this study was to compare gait variability and symmetry in trained individuals with transtibial (TT) amputation and transfemoral (TF) amputation. Methods: The design of this study was planned as observational. Eleven individuals with TF amputation, 14 individuals with TT amputation, and 14 healthy individuals (HI) were evaluated with a motorized treadmill. The mean step length, the step length variability, an ambulation index, and the time on each foot (stance phase symmetry) of participants were recorded. Results: There were differences between the three groups in the residual/non-preferred limb (RNp) step length ( p = 0.031), the intact/preferred (IP) limb step length variability ( p = 0.001), the RNp step length variability ( p < 0.001), the time on each foot ( p < 0.001), and the ambulation index score ( p < 0.001). There was a similarity between the groups (TF, TT, HI) in IP limb step lengths ( p = 0.127) and duration of prosthesis usage since amputation in individuals with lower limb loss ( p = 0.224). Conclusions: This study provided basic data about gait variability and symmetry in individuals with traumatic lower limb loss. The results of the study showed that the variability of gait increased with the level of loss, and individuals with TT amputation showed partially equivalent performance with the healthy group. Similarities in gait characteristics may have resulted from effective prosthetic usage or effective gait rehabilitation.

Background Gait is an autonomic process consisting of coordinated movements of the upper extremities, lower extremities, trunk and pelvis. However, researches regarding effects of upper extremity problems on gait parameters are limited. Research question The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of arm swing on spatiotemporal characteristics of gait in individuals with unilateral transhumeral amputations. Methods A total of 25 unilateral transhumeral amputees and 25 healthy subjects were included. Information on the demographic features of individuals, amputations, and prosthetic devices were recorded. Spatiotemporal characteristics of gait were obtained using the GAITRite electronic walkway, and the arm swing was evaluated with the two video-cameras and analyzed using the Dartfish Pro Suite 7 software. Results The groups were similar regarding their age, height and weight. Mean duration from the amputation was 14.91 ± 10.90 years, and the mean weight of the prostheses was 1.44 ± 0.39 kg. Amputees had a less ambulatory arm swing on their amputated sides compared to their intact arms and healthy individuals. When the amputee group was compared to the healthy individuals, their step and stride lengths were shorter and their foot progression angle was higher, their gait velocity and cadence were lower than the healthy group. Significance The reduction of arm swing on the amputated side in unilateral transhumeral amputees is thought to be due to (1) use of the contralateral side in functional activities, (2) restriction of shoulder joint movement of socket boundaries and (3) fixed mechanical elbow joint. It has been thought that a decrease in the arm swing during walking may lead to a decrease in step length, stride length, and gait velocity.

In Turkey there is no amputee-specific instrument to measure health-related quality of life in lower limb amputees.To evaluate the validity and reliability of a Turkish version of the Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales (TAPES).Outcome study to determine test-retest reliability and construct validity of the adapted Turkish version of the TAPES.After translation/retranslation of the TAPES, the Turkish version of the TAPES was applied to 47 amputees. A quality of life evaluation (Nottingham Health Profile), a satisfaction evaluation (Satisfaction with Prosthesis), and a functional assessment tool (Amputee Mobility Predictor) were also performed and analysed.On the basis of retesting, the Turkish version of the TAPES was observed to be reliable. The first domain of the Turkish version, which includes psychosocial adjustment, activity restriction and satisfaction with the prosthesis, was found to be valid. However, the validity of the second domain could not be analysed.The Turkish version of the multidimensional TAPES survey is valid and reliable in Turkish unilateral lower limb amputees and may be used in clinical situations to assess the needs of amputees.The Turkish version of the TAPES quality-of-life measurement tool for amputees is a valid instrument for assessing the effectiveness of rehabilitation and clinical applications.

Purpose: To prepare an authentic scale for child amputees and to determine the functional level of amputee children with their prosthesis. Methods: Children with limb loss/deficiency (n = 20) aged between 6-12 years who used their prosthesis at least for 1 year were enrolled in this study. The second group consisted of healthy children (n = 25). Twenty-two disabled children with physically disabled and attending to special education school were enrolled to the control group. All the children were assessed with the Functional Level Determining Scale (FLDS) designed for the children between 6-12 ages. Results: Demographic characteristics such as age, sex and body mass index were same for each group (p > 0.05). Although the scores of FLDS were in similar in the groups of amputee and healthy children (p > 0.05), their scores were higher than the children who had physical disabled (p < 0.05). When the children with limb loss/deficiency were divided into two group as acquired and congenital, the congenital group were more functional (p < 0.05). The children who used prosthesis for longer term were more successful in the activities (p < 0.05). Although there is no difference statistically, the scale was recorded as sensitive to speed in functional activities. Discussion: Regardless of the cause or level of amputation, amputation less affects than other physical disabilities on functional level. Early prosthetic applications contribute to the functional level of children. This outcome is thought that the scale is contributed to determine the functional level in children with limb loss/deficiency

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional level of children with congenital and acquired upper limb loss after a rehabilitation program.Methods: This study included a total of 40 children, aged 8 to 17 years with upper limb loss. Children were divided into two groups; congenital amputees (n=20) and acquired amputees (n=20). The children underwent prosthetic fitting, prosthetic training and rehabilitation. The Child Amputee Prosthetics Project - Functional Status Inventory (CAPP-FSI) and Prosthetic Upper Extremity Functional Index (PUFI) were used at the initial visit to the prosthetic unit without prosthesis, 3 weeks after the prosthetic training and 6 months after discharge with and without prosthesis. The results with and without the prosthesis were compared between the acquired and congenital amputee groups.Results: There were significant differences in all tests performed at the baseline, at the 3rd week, and at the 6th month without prosthesis and at the 3rd week and at the 6th month with prosthesis (p, Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı edinsel veya konjenital üst ekstremite kaybı olan çocukların rehabilitasyon programından sonra fonksiyonel seviyelerini değerlendirmekti.Çalışma planı: Çalışmaya 8-17 yaşları arasında, üst ekstremite kaybı olan toplam 40 çocuk katıldı. Çocuklar konjenital (n=20) ve edinsel (n=20) ampüte olmak üzere 2 gruba ayrıldı ve protez eğitimi ve rehabilitasyon programına tabi tutuldular. Çocukların fonksiyonel değerlendirmeleri ünitemize başvurduklarında protezsiz, 3 haftalık protez eğitimi bittiğinde ve protezleri tamamlandıktan 6 ay sonra protezli ve protezsiz olarak Çocuk Ampütelerde Fonksiyonel Durum Belirleme Testi (The Child Amputee Prosthetics Project - Functional Status Inventory, CAPP-FSI) ve Prostetik Üst Ekstremite Fonksiyonel İndeks (Prosthetic Upper Extremity Functional Index, PUFI) ile yapıldı.Bulgular: Testlerin protezsiz halde ilk değerlendirmeleri ile 3 hafta ve 6 ay sonraki değerlendirmeleri arasında; protezli halde 3 hafta ile 6 ay sonraki değerlendirmeleri arasında anlamlı fark olduğu görüldü (p

Objective: t o investigate the effects of phantom limb exer cises on phantom limb pain. Methods: a total of 20 traumatic amputees participated in the study. t en received phantom exercises and prosthetic training, and 10 were treated with routine prosthetic training and a general exercise programme. intensity of pain was evaluated using a 10-cm visual analogue scale before therapy and after 4 weeks of therapy. Results: Baseline scores on the visual analogue scale were similar between the groups. Pain intensity decreased in all subjects after 4 weeks of treatment in both groups. according to the visual analogue scale scores at the end of 4 weeks, the phantom exercises group differed significantly from the general exercise group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Phantom exercises appear to be effective in reducing phantom pain, but further research is required to confirm this.The results of this study indicate that phantom exercises can be used safely to alleviate phantom limb pain in lower and upper limb amputees.